plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpujiora ngt uaku tercin ta bap ak jr . sar widji dan ib u th ....

UKALIREP TAKGNIT ISPIRKSED GNIYLLUB ATRAKAYGOY MEKAP SUISINAK PMS AWSIS

2102 NARAJA NUHAT - PADAHRET AYNISAKILPMI NAD 3102KIPOT NANUSUYNEP - LAISOS IDABIRP NAGNIBMIB KIPOT

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD repmeM o didneP anajraS raleG hel naki

gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

:helo nususiD aharguN ydE aytdaS

0 :MIN 9 04111 53

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 3102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

ISPIRKSED NIT TAKG UKALIREP GNIYLLUB ATRAKAYGOY MEKAP SUISINAK PMS AWSIS


ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD repmeM o nakididneP anajraS raleG hel margorP gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS

:helo nususiD aharguN ydE aytdaS

0 :MIN 9 04111 53

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 3102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

" .srotcaf owt yb denimreted si sseccus laeR i dnoces dna ,htiaf si tsriF ".noitca s

aI ulal ;nahuT adapek uresreb uka ,uknakasesek malaD

uka naksabebmem nad bawajnem ( rumzaM 11 5:8 )

gnaro nakanerakid ini pudih malad nalagagek kaynaB - gnaro

nalisahrebek nagned akerem ayntaked apateb iradaynem kadit.hareynem akerem taas

samohT( )nosidE avlA

ni doog gnihtemos si ereht tub ,doog eb ton yam yadyrevEyadyreve

( minonA )

:adapek nakhabmesrep ayas ini ispirkS

sutsirK suseY nahuT kapaB atnicret ukautgnarO ijdiwraS .RJ nad

ubI inaruS .HT atnicret ukraseB agrauleK

rP DSU gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margo nad ,.C .A duyI aralC ,.dP.S idayteS ydneD ,.N naiR saerdnA

tabahaS - uktabahas nameT - 9002 natakgnA KB namet

mekaP suisinaK PMS atrakaygoY


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

y ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS ini silut ayas gna

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

,atrakaygoY 52 3102 rebmetpeS


iv

NAUJUTESREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : aharguN ydE aytdaS MIN 0411190 : 53

preP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD naakatsu

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

ispirkseD takgniT ukalireP gniylluB atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT - kipoT nanusuyneP padahreT aynisakilpmI nad 3102 -

laisoS idabirP nagnibmiB kipoT

naikimed nagneD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem

epek kutnu nial aidem nupuam tenretni id nakisakilbupmem simedaka nagnitn ayas adapek ytlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY , 52 rebmetpeS 3102

aytdaS aharguN ydE


iiv

KARTSBA

ISPIRKSED TAKGNIT UKALIREP GNIYLLUB ATRAKAYGOY MEKAP SUISINAK PMS AWSIS


aharguN ydE aytdaS

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

3102

leneP kutnu naujutreb gnay fitpirksed naitilenep nakapurem ini naiti

ukalirep takgnit ianegnem narabmag helorepmem gnyillub suisinaK PMS awsis3102 narajA nuhaT mekaP - “ halada itiletid gnay amatrep halasaM .3102 aparebeS

ukalirep takgnit iggnit gniyllub PMS awsis nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK2102 narajA - ?3102 “ halada audek gnay halasaM .” padahet sisilana nakrasadreB

ritub - ukalirep ritub gniyllub ,iggnit aynnalucnumek isakifitnediret gnay kipot nalusu hakanamiagab - fitakilpmi gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot kutnu

ukalirep ignarugnem gniyllub ? .” naitilenep halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay naitilenep sineJ

awsis halada naitilenep kejbuS .ievrus edotem nakanuggnem nagned fitpirksedIIV salek , IIIV XI nad , atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS T nuha A raj 2102 na -

halmujreb gnay 3102 431 renoiseuk apureb ini naitilenep nemurtsnI .awsis ukalirep gniyllub nakgnabmekid gnay naataynrep meti 54 irad iridret gnay

malad atad sisilana kinkeT .trekiL ledom alaks nanusuynep kinket nakrasadrebmem nagned ini naitilenep gnisam irad roks isalubat taub - ,meti gnisamgnisam latot roks gnutihgnem - gnisam latot roks gnutihgnem ,nednopser gnisam -

takgnit nakisasirogetakgnem ayntujnales ,meti gnisam ukalirep gniyllub awsis irad iridret ini irogetaK .lamron isubirtsid nakrasadreb it ag gnajnej irogetak utiay

iggnit nad ,gnades ,hadner . takgniT )1( halada helorepid gnay naitilenep lisaH ukalirep gniyllub awsis

narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS 102 2- 102 3 malad kusamret gnay halmujreb iggnit irogetak 4 ( awsis 00.3 gnay ,)% gnades irogetak malad kusamret

halmujreb 43 ( awsis 04.52 ,)% nad hadner irogetak malad kusamret gnay 69 awsis( 06.17 )2( .)% ritub padahret sisilana nakrasadreB - ukalirep nemurtsni ritub

gniyllub ,iggnit aynnalucnumek isakifitnediret gnay id naklusu kipot - ot kip ukalirep ignarugnem kutnu laisos idabirp nagnibmib gniyllub awsis suisinaK PMS

gnaro naasarep iagrahgnem )2 ,itapme )1 :tukireb iagabes ,atrakaygoY mekaP.isnarelot )6 ,kinu gnay idabirp )5 ,iagrahgnem gnilas )4 ,isome kelem )3 ,nial


iiiv

TCARTSBA

NOITPIRCSED FO LEVEL ROIVAHEB GNIYLLUB TNEDUTS PMS SUISINAK MEKAP ATRAKAYGOY

RAEY CIMEDACA 2102 - 3102 DNA SNOITACILPMI ROF TNEMPOLEVED SCIPOT ETAVIRP LAICOS GNILESNUOC

aharguN ydE aytdaS

tisrevinU amrahD atanaS y

3102

yduts evitpircsed a si hcraeser sihT eht fo weivrevo na niag ot demia taht loohcS suisinaC mekaP gnyillub roivaheb 'stneduts loohcs hgih roinuj fo level

3102 raeY - roinuj fo level eht si hgih woH" si yduts rednu eussi tsrif ehT .3102ygoY ,mekaP suisinaC roivaheb gniyllub 'stneduts loohcs hgih raeY loohcS atraka

2102 - smeti padahet sisylana eht no desaB" si melborp dnoces ehT ."?3102 fo scipot desoporp eht woh ,ecnerrucco hgih a deifitnedi roivaheb gniyllub

."?roivaheb gniyllub ecuder ot ecnadiug lanosrep laicos deilpmi ni desu hcraeser fo sepyT yevrus gnisu yduts evitpircsed a si yduts siht

roinuj suisinaC XI dna ,IIIV ,IIV ssalc fo stneduts erew stcejbus ehT .sdohtem2102 eht MEKAP atrakaygoY - ehT .stneduts 431 delatot raey loohcs 3102

noitseuq roivaheb gniyllub fo mrof eht ni tnemurtsni hcraeser fo gnitsisnoc erian elacs trekiL seuqinhcet noitaraperp tnemetats desab depoleved saw smeti 54 serocs eht fo noitalubat a ekam ot yduts siht ni seuqinhcet sisylana ataD .sledom

atot eht setaluclac ,tnednopser hcae fo erocs latot eht etaluclac ,meti hcae fo erocs l lamron a no desab stneduts fo gniyllub fo level eht ezirogetac neht ,meti hcae fo dna ,muidem ,wol ,seirogetac fo slevel eerht fo stsisnoc yrogetac sihT .noitubirtsid

.hgih MEKAP roivaheb gniyllub fo level ehT )1( :era deniatbo stluser ehT

akaygoY loohcs hgih roinuj suisinaC atr 2102 raeY cimedacA ni stneduts - era 3102 ni dedulcni si hcihw ,)%00.3( stneduts 4 fo stsisnoc yrogetac hgih eht ni dedulcni yrogetac wol eht ni sedulcni taht dna ,)%04.52( stneduts 43 latot era yrogetac eht

06.17( stneduts 69 gniyllub smeti tnemurtsni eht fo sisylana na no desaB )2( .)% ot ecnadiug lanosrep oicos scipot desoporp ,ecnerrucco hgih deifitnedi sroivaheb ,stneduts loohcs hgih roinuj suisinaC atrakaygoY mekaP roivaheb gniyllub ecuder

cepser )2 ,yhtapme )1 :swollof sa )4 ,ycaretil lanoitome )3 ,srehto fo sgnileef eht t.ecnarelot )6 ,slaudividni euqinu )5 ,tcepser lautum


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

sata sutsirK suseY nahuT adapek nakpacu silunep rukuys nad ijuP

,naaraggneleynep ,nagnudnilrep ,nagnarenep nagnipmadnep nad d la ,napaisrep ma

naiaseleynep atres naanaskalep naropal ini ispirks kutneb malad naitilenep .

irad sapelret kadit ini ispirks nasilunep ayniaselesret awhab iradaynem siluneP

adap ,uti anerak helO .kahip kaynab irad nautnab nad nagnibmib ,aod ,nagnukud

ek itah kubul irad sulut gnay hisak amiret nakpacugnem kopmolek ini natapmes

:adapek malad gnilap gnay

.1 nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD ukales ,.D .hP idnahoR

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.2 utS margorP alapeK iagabes ,.iS.M ,suraB nodneG .rD nad nagnibmiB id

kutnu niji nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK

ini ispirks nasilunep .

.3 abes ,.dP.M ,aganiS lanoD retsuJ halet gnay gnibmibmeP nesoD iag

silunep adapek nakusam irebmem nad itah narabasek nagned gnibmibmem

ktakgninem anug ini ispirks satilauk na .

.4 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP id nesoD ubI nad kapaB

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY silunep ilakebmem halet gnay

igab anugreb aggnihes ini amales nauhategnep umli iagabreb nagned

.silunep

.5 S ,.TS ,amanruP ardnI sairdnA suisinaK PMS halokeS alapeK ukales .dP.

naitilenep nakanaskalem kutnu natapmesek nakirebmem halet gnay mekaP


x

.6 halet gnay .dP.S ,atedanreB atres ,.dP.S ,itawainurahC aksisnarF

naitilenep nakukalem kutnu salek kusam maj nakirebmem

.7 suisinaK PMS awsis huruleS 2102 narajA nuhaT mekaP - sata ,3102

renoiseuk isignem aynnaaidesek

.8 utkaw nakgnaulem aidesreb halet gnay )gnutaT saM( ahcnaparP yraH .AT

ep kutnu iagabes renoiseuk isi satidilav naijugn .tnemgduj trepxe

.9 nad tabahas iagabes ,.MR inavitcO anitnerolF rentrap nep malad silu

.ini naitilenep nakiaseleynem nad naitilenep naknalajnem

.01 ukautgnarO atnicret nad ijdiwraS .RJ kapaB inaruS .HT ubI , agraulek atres

atnicret ukraseb gnay ayaib atres hisak ,naitahrep ,aod ,nagnukud sata

isrevinU id iduts hupmenem amales nakirebid .amrahD atanaS sat

.11 irebmem nad itakrebmem halet gnay ,.rP nawanruP oyruS saerdnA .mR

.ini naitilenep naropal nakiaseleynem areges kutnu silunep isavitom

.21 surugnem malad silunep utnabmem aidesreb halet gnay ,okoM saM

rajaleb nad sesorpreb amales isartsinimda nagnibmiB idutS margorP id

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK nad

.31 tabahaS - ,ydneD ,oiB.P okoK adapek susuhkret ,hisakret uktabahas

,aroD ,iuL ,atsirA ,irA ,otnawruP ,hilahG ,osgediP tilA ,naiR ,ahcsiraM

adliH ,ydniV ,oiB.P meZ ,harajeS yoR ,harajeS gnaliG .akitraK ,

.41 nameT - ,inoD ,tnerolF ,ahcsiraM ,aroD ,duyI( lakisalK nagnibmiB namet

nial nad odnaN ,ereT - nad narikip rakutreb aidesreb gnay )nial

.aynnamalagnep


ix

.51 nameT - nad nagnukud nakirebmem halet gnay 9002 natakgna KB namet

.rS adapek susuhk araces ,isavitom ,atreB ,tnelaV .rS ,ailuY ,aksiS ,duyI

amirP ,akiT ,nerI , ,kolE ,asaN nial nad - nial silunep asib kadit gnay

.utasrep utas naktubes

.61 nameT - adapek susuhkret ,tagnames nakirebmem halet gnay tsok namet

,naiR M ,adliW ,hilaG ,naitpeS ,ramaD ,oeL a D nad gnugA s ati

.71 halet gnay utasrep utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay kahip aumeS

.ini ispirks nasilunep sesorp malad nagnukud nakirebmem nad utnabmem

helo ,anrupmes irad huaj hisam ini ispirks nasilunep awhab iradaynem siluneP

tirk nad ,naras ,nakusam uti anerak .nakulrepid tagnas ini ayrak padahret ki

ajas apais igab taafnamreb tapad ini ispirks agomes parahreb silunep ,aynrihkA

.acabmem gnay

siluneP


iix

ISI RATFAD

.…..………………………………………………LUDUJ NAMALAH ........ i

….………………………GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ... . ii

………………….…………………………NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH .. . iii

….………………………NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM NAMALAH .. . vi

…..………………………………AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ... v

…...AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ... iv

…………………………………………………………………KARTSBA . . iiv

ARTSBA ……………………………………………………………TC ... ………… ... iiiv

….…………………………………………………RATNAGNEP ATAK ... xi

………………………………………………………………ISI RATFAD .. . ix i

…………………………………………………………LEBAT RATFAD ... vx

RATFAD MARGAID …….………….…………………………………… .. vx ii

RATFAD RABMAG …………………………………………………… ...... ivx ii

……………………………………………………NARIPMAL RATFAD .. x xi

…………………………………………………NAULUHADNEP I BAB .. 1

.A ….…………………………………………………gnakaleB rataL ... 1

.B .......……………………………………………halasaM nasumuR .... 5

.C ….………………………………………………naitileneP naujuT ... 5

.D …………………naitileneP taafnaM ……………………………… .. 5

.E ...…….………………………………………lanoisarepO isinifeD ... 6


iiix

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT II BAB ..................................................................... 8

.A ukalireP rasaD pesnoK gniylluB ......................................................... 8

.1 neP naitreg gniylluB ......................................................................... 8

.2 ukalireP sineJ gniylluB ................................................................... 01

.3 ukalireP malad tabilreT gnay kahiP gniylluB ......................... ........ 31

.4 rotkaF - ukalireP rotkaf gniylluB ...................................................... 18

.B .........................................................................ajameR rasaD pesnoK 02

.1 .......................................ajameR naitregneP ................................... 02

.2 ajameR nagnabmekreP kitsiretkaraK ............................................. 22

.3 ajameR nagnabmekreP saguT ......................................................... 32

.4 ........................ajameR isakinumoK aloP ....................................... 52

.C rasaD pesnoK gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP ............................. 28

.1 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP kitsiretkeraK .......................... 28

.2 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP naujuT .................... ............... 03

.3 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP nenopmoK ............................. 03

.4 sineJ - .....................................................................nagnibmiB sinej 34

B NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM III BA .................................... ................... 37

.A naitileneP sineJ .................................................................................... 37

.B eP kejbuS .................................................................................naitilen 37

.C ....naitileneP nemurtsnI ........................................................................ 04

.D ...................................................nemurtsnI satilibaileR nad satidilaV 34

.E ........................................................naitileneP naanaskaleP rudesorP . 48


vix

.F ...........................................................................ataD sisilanA kinkeT 05

B NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH VI BA ................................ 56

.A ........................................................naitileneP lisaH ........................... 56

.1 ukalireP takgniT gniylluB ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY - 3102 ............................................ 56

.2 renoiseuK kepsA nagnologgneP ukalireP gniylluB PMS awsiS

nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK 2102 narajA - 3102 ................ 58

.3 ukalireP renoiseuK metI nagnologgneP gniylluB PMS awsiS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK - ................3102 06

.B ...................................................................................nasahabmeP ...... 26

.C kipoT nalusU - ..................................laisoS idabirP nagnibmiB kipoT 68

..........................................................................................PUTUNEP V BAB 57

.A ..........................................nalupmiseK ................................................ 57

.B ....................................................................................................naraS 57

............................................................................AKATSUP RATFAD .......... 78

....................................................................................................NARIPMAL 18


vx

LEBAT RATFAD

.1 lebaT ...................................ajamer asaM nagnabmekreP naujuT 25

.2 lebaT wsiS halmuJ naicniR atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS a 2102 narajA nuhaT - ....................................................3102 38

.3 lebaT sineJ nakrasadreB naitileneP keybuS mumU ispirkseD.............................................................rumU nad nimaleK

93

T .4 leba ukalireP renoiseuK naialineP /gnirokS gniylluB ................ 14

.5 lebaT isiK - ukalireP renoiseuK isik gniylluB PMS awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK - 3102

..........................................................aboC ijU mulebeS .....

24

.6 lebaT isaleroK neisifeoK nagnutihgneP lisaH ...................................................naitileneP nemurtsnI metI 54

.7 lebaT ukalireP satilibaileR neisifeoK gniylluB ............................ 74

.8 lebaT .......drofliuG airetirK .......................................................... 74

.9 lebaT isiK - .................................aboC ijU haletes renoiseuK isik 84

.01 lebaT halmuJ nad naitileneP renoiseuK naisigneP lawdaJ..........................................nednopseR ................................

05

.11 lebaT ................................................isasirogetaK nagnologgneP 05

.21 lebaT .......................naitileneP keybuS rokS naisasisogetakgneP 25

.31 lebaT ...........kisiF kepsA naisasisogetakgneP .............................. 35

.41 lebaT ......................................labreV kepsA naisasisogetakgneP 45

.51 lebaT ...................sigolokisP /latneM kepsA naisasisogetakgneP 45

.61 lebaT .naitileneP renoiseuK metI rokS naisasisogetakgneP ......... 55

.71 lebaT ukalireP takgniT gniylluB ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiSatrakaygoY 2102 narajA nuhaT - 3102 ................................

65


ivx

.81 lebaT gneP nagnolog renoiseuK kepsA ukalireP gniylluB awsiSarajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS 2102 n -

3102 ....................................................................................

85

.91 lebaT nagnologgneP metI renoiseuK ukalireP gniylluB awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS -

3102 ........................................ ............................................ 06

.02 lebaT metI - ukalireP renoiseuK meti gniylluB PMS awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK - 3102

........................................gnadeS irogetaK kusamreT gnay

26

.12 lebaT kipot nalusU -t naveler gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipo ukalirep hagecnem kutnu gniyllub suisinaK PMS id

atrakaygoY ,mekaP gnay renoiseuk ritub nakrasadreb......hadner gnologret ............................................................

07

.22 lebaT kipot nalusU - ot naveler gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kip ukalirep hagecnem kutnu gniyllub suisinaK PMS id

babeynep rotkaf sisilana nakrasadreb atrakaygoY ,mekaP ukalirep gniyllub ..................................................................

37


iivx

ATFAD R MARGAID

.1 margaiD ukalireP takgniT gniylluB ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY - ................................3102

57

.2 margaiD ukalireP renoiseuK kepsA nagnologgneP gniylluB awsiS102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS 2-

....................................................................................3102

59

.3 margaiD ukalireP renoiseuK metI nagnologgneP gniylluB awsiS2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS -

............................................3102 ........................................

16


iiivx

RATFAD RABMAG

.1 rabmaG margorP nenopmoK ajreK emsinakeM.............................................................KB ..................................

33


xix

D NARIPMAL RATFA

.1 naripmaL satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU lisaH .....................................

.2 naripmaL naitileneP ataD isalubaT .....................................................

.3 naripmaL renoiseuK ukalireP gniylluB ..................... ..........................

.4 naripmaL .............................................nagnibmiB nanayaleP nautaS

.5 naripmaL naitileneP aboC ijU nanijireP taruS ....................................

.6 naripmaL naitileneP nanijireP taruS ................. ..................................


1

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

naujut ,halasam nasumurep ,halasam gnakaleb ratal nakiaruid ini bab malaD

halitsi irad lanoisarepo isinifed nad ,naitilenep taafnam ,naitilenep - kokop halitsi

.ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

jamer asaM asam halai ajamer asaM .nitab nakalogrep asam nakapurem a

kanak asam irad isisnart - .asawed asam ujunem kanak nakatakid gnay gnaroeS

asam imalagnem halet uti gnaroes alibapa nakkitnediid gnires ajamer iagabes

isu nakpatenem kutnu tilus ipatet nakA .satrebup satrebup asam ayntapet apareb a

.tubesret P hibel gnay ajamer gnatnet nakisinifednem OHW 4791 nuhat ada

utiay ,airetirk agit nakakumekid tubesret isinifed malaD .lautpesnok tafisreb

ada ajamer isinifed pakgnel araceS .imonoke laisos nad sigolokisp ,sigoloib hal

nakujnunem ai ilak amatrep taas irad gnabmekreb udividni )1( : akitek asam utaus

adnat - )2( ,lauskes nagnatamek iapacnem ai taas iapmas ayrednukes lauskes adnat

kanak irad isakifitnedi alop nad sigolokisp nagnabmekrep imalagnem udividni -

ed idajnem kanak laisos nagnutnagretek irad nahilarep idajret )3( ;asaw - imonoke

iridnam hibel fitaler gnay naadaek adapek hunep gnay )9:7002 ,onowraS( .

uruneM t iafiR 891( 4 adumep halada ajamer )1 : - adap adareb gnay idumep

( ”isneseloda“ asam tubesid gnay nagnabmekrep asam ujunem asam ajamer asam

asam aguj tubesid isneseloda asaM .)naasawedek gninrael lacigoloisyhp nad

gninrael laicos utaus imalagnem gnades ajamer isneseloda asam adap aynitra ,

farat nakapurem ajamer asaM .laisos nagnatamep nad kisif nagnatamek


2

d nagnabmekrep tapad kadit hadus gnaroeses akitek ,aisunam napudihek mala

gnaro iagabes tubesid tapad muleb aguj ipatet ,licek kana iagabes igal tubesid

sagut adap nakpadahid ajamer ,gnatam gnay nahubmutrep ujunem kutnU .asawed -

almuj tikides kadit gnay nagnabmekrep sagut iapacnem : utiay aynaratnaid ,aynh

iapacnem ,aynnial asawed gnaro uata aut gnaro irad lanoisome nairidnamek

namet nagned gnatam hibel gnay laisos nagnubuh - tapad ,aynayabes namet

nanarep naknalajnem - gnisam nimalek sinej turunem laisos nanarep - gnisam

,fusuY( .)0102

sagut nagned nalajeS - adap nakpadahid aguj akerem ,ajamer asam adap sagut

ajameR .akerem napudihek id skelpmok tagnas gnay nahalasamrep halmujes

lamitpo nagnabmekreP .lamitpo gnay nagnabmekrep iapacnem kutnu tutnutid

es gnay nagnukgnil helo gnukudid gnabmekreb ajamer anam id tah . S utas hala

tahes gnay naluagrep nagnukgnil malad id kusamret gnay naluagrep halada

ayabes namet nagned ,idajret gnay naataynek adap ipatet nakA . nagnukgnil

macnagnem halam ipat gnukudnem aynnakub ayabes namet nagned naluagrep

atireb aynkaynab nagned itkubret ini laH .ajamer irid irad lamitpo nagnabmekrep

nakhab nad ,naihalekrep ,rajalep naayainagnep susak gnatnet radereb gnay

utas“ ,moc.6natupiL malad silirid gnay atireb itrepes amaS .rajalep ratna naruwat

aud nad sawet gnaro gnay naayainagnep tabika harap akul imalagnem aynnial

agiteK .atrakaJ id )AMS( rihkA hagneneM halokeS aud id rajalep naktabilem

id tawarid nabrok atrakaJ ,uraB naroyabeK ,hayidammahuM tikaS hamuR

”nataleS .


3

isavresbo nad natamagnep nakukalem aguj itileneP awsis aparebeb adapek -

wsis i gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB nagnapaL namalagneP margorP itukignem akitek

atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS id )KBLPP( laggnat adap nakanaskalid gnay 61

2102 iluJ sutsugA 03 nagned iapmas helorepmem itileneP .2102 isamrofni awhab

kaynab ukalirep nakukalem gnay awsis gniyllub nupuam salekes namet adapek

awhab itilenep adap hulegnem gnay awsis kaynab uti nialeS .salek adebreb

koloid ,hoomecid ,anihid ,salek naped id nakulamrepid ,kejeid ilak gnires akerem -

helo naklicukid nad ,ikulujid ,kolo namet - .aynnamet

lisah nagned gnukudid nakukal itilenep gnay isavresbo nad natamagnep lisaH

helo nakukalid gnay tesir tnempoleveD namuH dna nerdlihC rof etutitsnI lanoitaN

DHCIN .)DHCIN( halajam id aynievrus lisah nakrapamem eht fo lanruoJ

lacideM naciremA noitaicossA dirum %61 irad hibel awhab ,1002 nuhat adap

imalagnem ukagnem takireS akiremA id halokes gniyllub ievruS .nial dirum helo

iregen halokes iagabreb id X aggnih IV salek awsis 686.51 adap nakukalid ini

d atsaws nupuam i el aynitrA .takireS akiremA 686.51 irad awsis 005.2 irad hib

nabrok idajnem awsis gniyllub .)01 :8002 ,AWIJES( aynnamet helo

)AWIJES( inimA awiJ iameS nasayaY helo nakukalid aynial ievrus lisaH

malad pohskrow itna gniyllub hibel helo iridahid gnay 6002 lirpA 82 laggnatret

052 gnaruk atresep %9,49 nakumenem AWIJES ,tubesret ievrus malaD .atresep

nakataynem gniyllub aisenodnI iD .)8002 ,AWIJES( aisenodnI id idajret gnamem

gnologret aguj halokes id nasarekek takgnit aratU ukulaM aynsusuhk ,rumit

D naV kcirE ,5002 nuhat rihka adaP .iggnit irad lesei noitcetorP dlihC lanoitaN


4

detinU nerdlihC eht evaS resivdA modgniK ,kana gnaro 008 irad nakrapamem

.)6002 ,saytgninuyA( kisif nasarekek imalagnem %07

gniylluB .aisenodnI id nakididnep ainud malad komom idajnem hisam ini taas

gniylluB p nakapurem ukalireP .halokes id amaturet nakradnihret kat gnay ukalire

gniyllub ajas utigeb nakraibid asib kadit . ukalirep akiJ gniyllub ,ajas nakraibid

igab amaturet lanoisan nakididnep igab suires kapmadreb naka akam

hat adap adareb gnay ajamer lamitpo nagnabmekrep helO .nagnabmekrep pa

hagecnem nad ignarugnem kutnu fitanretla isulos aynada ulrep ,uti anerak

ukalirep gniyllub .halokes id

ukalirep ignarugnem nad hagecnem kutnu fitanretla arac utas halaS gniyllub

et namahamep nad naradasek nugnabmem halada halokes id ukalirep gnatn

gniyllub nial fitanretla ,uti nialeS .halokes id tabilret gnay kahip aumes adapek

/KB urug helo nakukalid gnay kidid atresep lamitpo nagnipmadnep nagned halada

nagnabmekrep igab nagnipmadnep nakukalem mulebeS .halokes rolesnok

amer lamitpo /halokes rolesnok ,aj ukalirep isakifitnedignem ulrep KB urug

.gniyllub KB margorp nusuynem anug nakukalid gnitnep tagnas lawa isakifitnedI

ukalirep hagecnem nad ignarugnem kutnu akgnar malad gniyllub .idajret gnay

,sata id nasalejnep nad narapamep tahileM kiratret asarem itilenep akam

tujnal hibel naitilenep nakukalem kutnu nagned naitilenep luduj “ ispirkseD

takgniT ukalireP gniylluB awsiS S PM atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK narajA nuhaT

2102 - d 3102 padahreT aynisakilpmI na kipoT nanusuyneP - nagnibmiB kipoT

abirP laisoS id .”


5

.B halasaM nasumuR

:tukireb iagabes naaynatrep bawajnem kutnu nakduskamid ini naitileneP

.1 ukalirep takgnit hakiggnit aparebeS gniyllub mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis ,

atrakaygoY T nuha A naraj 102 2- 102 3?

.2 ritub padahet sisilana nakrasadreB - ritub meti irep ukal gniyllub , ritub - ritub

hakanam meti diret gnay nakidajid kutnu iggnit aynnalucnumek isakifitne

nalusu nanusuynep rasad iagabes kipot - laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot

gnay fitakilpmi ukalirep ignarugnem kutnu gniyllub ?

.C naitileneP naujuT

umur nagned nalajeS iagabes halada ini naitilenep naujut ,sata id halasam nas

:tukireb

.1 neM nakispirksed ukalirep takgnit gniyllub awsis S PM K mekaP suisina

A nuhaT atrakaygoY naraj 102 2- 102 .3

.2 neM ritub isakifitnedig - ukalirep ritub gniyllub isneukerf iggnit gnay

adap aynnalucnumek awsis iagabes atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS

kipot nalusu taubmem rasad - laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot .

.D naitileneP taafnaM

taafnamreb tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP igab :

.1 sitiroet taafnaM

auhategnep umli hanasahk habmanem nad utnabmem tapad ini naitileneP n

nagnibmib atres mumu araces nakididnep igolokisp amaturet ,igolokisp

.susuhk araces gnilesnok nad


6

.2 sitkarP taafnaM

:igab taafnamreb tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

.a itileneP

iuhategnem tapad itileneP ukalirep takgnit gniyllub PMS awsis

ygoY mekaP suisinaK utnabmem turut tapad aggnihes atraka

ukalirep risilaminimem gniyllub margorp nagnacnar nalusu iulalem

gnay KB nakirebid tapad adapek kahip .natukgnasreb gnay halokes

gnadib malad nasawaw nad nauhategnep habmanem tapad itileneP

idabirp - .laisos

.b KB uruG

uruG KB nagnibmib nanayal nakanaskalem nad nakanacnerem tapad

ukalirep ignarugnem kutnu kococ gnay gniyllub naidabirpek aggnihes ,

raneb awsis retkarak nad - apnat lamitpo araces gnabmekreb raneb

.itrareb gnay natabmah aynada

.c narajaleP ataM uruG

arajalep atam uruG tapad aggnihes ,awsis naadaek iuhategnem tapad n

awsis ignipmadnem nad utnabmem turut id narajalebmep iulalem

salek raul id nad salek .

.E lanoisarepO isinifeD

.1 ukalireP gniylluB

ukalireP gniylluB halada nasarekek kutneb utaus ukalirep uata

rednec nad macnagnem PMS awsis helo nakukalid gnay iakulem gnu

atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK T nuha A 2102 naraj - gnaro padahret 3102


7

nial surenem suret nad ajagnes araces nakukalid gnay , duskam nagned

utiay ,ukalirep kutneb iagabreb iulalem nabrok isadimitnignem kutnu

,kisif araces sigolokisp uata latnem araces nupuam ,labrev nad anug

ukalep igab iridnesret nasaupek naktapadnem gniyllub .

.2 laisoS idabirP nagnibmiB

idabirP nagnibmiB - laisoS malad udividni utnabmem kutnu ayapu

udividni naupmamek nakgnabmegnem nad naidabirpek nakpatnamem

d halasam inagnanem mala - iridnes irid nagned natiakreb gnay halasam

gnay nagnukgnil naatpicnep iulalem gnukudid gnay ,nial gnaro nad

.barka gnay nakididnep iskaretni nad fisudnok

.3 2102 narajA nuhaT mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS - 3102

awsiS kaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS atra T nuha A naraj 102 2- 102 3

awsis halada - id halokesreb gnay iwsis K PMS mekaP suisina

A nuhaT atrakaygoY naraj 102 2- 102 3 aisureb tubesret awsis araP .

1 aratna 3-17 .nuhat


8

II BAB AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

gnatnet nasalejnep isireb ini baB ukalirep gniyllub nad ,ajamer kitsiretkarak ,

.KB margorp

.A ukalireP rasaD pesnoK gniylluB

.1 naitregneP gniylluB

gniylluB id idajret parek gnay nasarekek kutneb utas halas nakapurem

nil .halokes nagnukg halokes id nasarekeK utaus nakiagab se gnunug anemonef

aynah naakumrep ek kapman gnay naigabes suret nakA .licek idajret surenem ,

kadit akij nanagnanep ada ekreb nad tapet araces natujnal raka irad

.aynnalaosrep

nataheseK isasinagrO iagabes nasarekek nakisinifednem )OHW( ainuD

ajagnesid gnay kisif ayad uata nataukek naanuggnep , nakapurem gnay

padahret uata ,nial gnaro ,iridnes irid padahret ,aynranebes uata namacna

b nanikgnumek uata tabikareb aggnihes ,satinumok uata kopmolek haubes rase

halas gnay nagnabmekrep ,kisif ayahab uata naitamek ,aredic naktabikagnem

.)9002 ,eiwoC( naigurek uata

AWIJES( inimA awiJ iameS nasayaY turuneM 8002 , ,) gniyllub halada

/nataukek naanughalaynep aynidajret anam id isautis gnay naasaukek

helo nakukalid kopmolekes ukaleP .gnaroeses uata gniyllub tauk aynah kadit

nabrok ,atayn naidajek malaD .latnem araces tauk aguj asib ipat ,kisif malad

ukalirep gniyllub anerak aynirid naknahatrepmem uata alebmem upmam kadit

/nad kisif araces hamel .latnem uata nay laH g ulrep susak malad nakitahrepid


9

gniyllub ukalirep radekes aynah nakub gniyllub aguj naknialem ,iridnes uti

/nakadnit kapmad ukalirep gniyllub awsis gnaroes aynlasiM .nabrok gnas adap

asarem gnorodid gnay aliB .rasak nagned aynnamet uhab gnorodnem

mitniret gnalureb araces nakukalid tubesret nakadnit alib igalapa ,isadi - ,gnalu

ukalirep akam gniyllub asarem kadit gnorodid gnay awsis aliB .idajret halet

akam ,isadimitniret uata tukat iagabes nakatakid tapad muleb tubesret nakadnit

ukalirep gniyllub 02 ,AWIJES( .)2 :80

)41:9002 ,eiwoC malad( suewlO ukalirep nakisinifednem gniyllub uata

ukalirep nad nasarekek nagned tubes gnires ai gnay nial halitsi nagned

natahajek ukalep uata ukalep anam id fiserga ukalirep iagabes nasarekek

iridnes aynhubut nakanuggnem aredic naklubminem kutnu adneb haubes uata

.nial gnaro padahret nanamaynkaditek uata suires gnay ukalireP gniyllub tapad

nupuam kisif araces kiab itikaynem kutnu nasarekek ukalirep iagabes nakitraid

gnaro helo nakukalid gnay sikisp araces - arem gnay gnaro .tauk aynirid as

ukalireP gniyllub ybgiR neK .kinu gnay kitsiretkarak iaynupmem

ukalirep awhab tapadnepreb )8:8002 ,itutsA( gniyllub agit iaynupmem

:utiay ,kitsiretkarak

.a itikaynam kutnu ukalep nakgnaneynem gnay iserga ukalirep adA

;aynnabrok

.b niT nakad gniyllub aggnihes gnabmies kadit araces nakukalid

;nabrok irid adap itikasret naasarep naklubminem

.c ukalireP gniyllub .gnalureb araces nakukalid suret


01

ukalireP gniyllub halokes id urug ,aut gnaro helo nakhemerid gnires

tikes takaraysam nupuam .ra kanA - ukalirep malad tabilret gnay kana gniyllub

kiab akiJ .okisereb aynaumes notnonep nupuam nabrok ,ukalep iagabes

ukalep ,ajas nakraibid gniyllub naatirednep padahret fitisnes kadit idajnem

s itna tafis iradaynem kadit naik amal naik nad nial gnaro irad laiso

nakgnadeS .aynnataubrep ukalirep kapmad gniyllub adap kana - gnay kana

nabrok idajnem gniyllub utiay gnatnet tulum akubmem naggne ilak parek

kana ayntabika nad ,tukat uata ulam asarem anerak aynnamalagnep - gnay kana

nem amal nikames nabrok idajnem .”nahawab“ iagabes aynirid awhab paggnag

naklupmisid tapad ,sata id naitregnep aparebeb irad naiaru nakrasadreB

awhab p ukalire b gniyllu halada nasarekek kutneb utaus ukalirep uata

nakukalid gnay iakulem gnurednec nad macnagnem nupuam gnaroeses

kes gnaro kopmole nial gnaro padahret suret nad ajagnes araces nakukalid gnay ,

surenem kutneb iagabreb iulalem nabrok isadimitnignem kutnu duskam nagned

sigolokisp uata latnem araces nupuam ,labrev ,kisif araces utiay ,ukalirep nad

anug et nasaupek naktapadnem ukalep igab iridnesr gniyllub .

.2 sineJ ukalireP gniylluB

dujuw isakifitnedignem )8002 ,AWIJES( inimA awiJ iameS nasayaY

ukalirep sinej nad gniyllub ,irogetak agit idajnem nakkopmolekid mumu araces

utiay gniyllub ,kisif gniyllub nad ,labrev gniyllub gnisaM .sigolokisp - gnisam

ukalirep kutneb irad gniyllub fitagen kefe naklubminem tapad tubesret

ukalirep kutneb agitek ,ipatet nakA .iridnesret gniyllub amas tafisreb tubesret


11

nabrok gnas igab nakhadnerem tafisreb utiay ,nial gnay nagned utas aratna

iyllub gn .

.a gniylluB kisiF

gniylluB sinej nakapurem kisif gniyllub atam tasak gnay tapad gnay

sinej nagned nakgnidnabid isakifitnediid nad tahilid gniyllub nad labrev

sigolokisp )8002 ,AWIJES( nakadnit tahilem asib nupapaiS . gniyllub kisif

s idajret anerak ukalep aratna kisif nahutne gniyllub hotnoC .aynnabrok nad

gniyllub ,rapmanem :nial aratna kisif ,rasak nagned tukiynem ,kupminem

lagejnem ,ikak kajnignem ajagnes nagned rapmelem ,kalamem ,ihadulem ,

gnarab nagned salej gnay nasala apnat , gnarab kasurem - rab gnay gna

,nial gnaro helo ikilimid gnililek iralreb arac nagned mukuhgnem

arac nagned mukuhgnem ,nagnapal pu hsup .ayniagabes nial nad

.b gniylluB labreV

gniylluB ukalirep sinej nakapurem labrev gniyllub asib aguj gnay

akgnatret asib anerak isketedret aisunam naragnednep ardni nagned p

)8002 ,AWIJES( . kutneB gniyllub kutneb nakapurem labrev gniyllub gnay

ikal nupuam naupmerep helo kiab nakukalid gnires nad nakanugid mumu -

.ikal gniylluB adap ujunem kusam nalaj iagabes nakanugid asib labrev

ukalirep llub gniy adap ujunem lawa hakgnal idajnem atres aynnial gnay

.naktikaynem hibel gnay nasarekek kadnit hotnoc ini tukireB - hotnoc

gniyllub labrev : nagned namet liggnamem n ,aut gnaro ama ,ikamem

,mumu naped id nakulamrepmem ,ikulujnem ,anihgnem ,alecnem

hudunem s raneb kadit gnay utause rabeynem ,ikaroynem , nak ,pisog


21

.ayniagabes nial nad ikairenem ,kalonem ,hantifmem gniylluB labrev

di tamilak nakanugnem nagned kitne :

)1 “ tudneG ”ol

)2 ”ol keleJ“

)3 “ lolot /golboG ”ol

)4 ”ol gnirkgnuC“

)5 ”ol nirukuyS“

)6 ”nnniksim rasaD“

)7 ed nahisaK“ ”ul hh

)8 eH“ hhh ”atik kopmolek nakub nak umak

)9 ”ol tomel rasaD“

)01 /tamilaK“ ,katnebmem ,hudunem ayntafis gnay naataynrep

”hantifmem ,nakpisoggnem

.c gniylluB /latneM sigolokisP

gniylluB /latnem ukalirep sinej nakapurem sigolokisp gniyllub gnay

abreb gnilap atik akij atik agnilet uata atam pakgnatret kadit anerak ayah

aynisketednem sawa pukuc kadit )8002 ,AWIJES( kitkarP . gniyllub idajret

maid - maid , atik nauatnamep radar raul id .raul irad iuhatekid tilus nad ,

ukalirep sineJ gniyllub apurem sigolokisp /latnem ukalirep sinej nak

gniyllub sitametsis araces nabrok irid agrah nakhamelem tapad gnay .

C hotno kutneb gniyllub nial aratna sigolokisp /latnem :

)1 M gnadname kirilem / ,sinis hunep nagned

)2 ,namacna hunep gnadnamem


31

)3 naklicugnem

)4 ,nakulamrepmem

)5 hadnerem gnay gnadnamem .ayniagabes nial nad itotolemem ,nak

kutneb kutnu halitsi ,nial rebmus malaD gniyllub sigolokisp /latnem

halitsi nakirebmem )22:8002( itutsA .adebreb ini gniyllub /latnem

halitsi nagned sigolokisp gniyllub labrev non - nad saniprO .gnusgnal kadit

oH ukalirep sinej utas tapadret awhab naktubeynem )52:6002( enr gniyllub

niales gniyllub ,kisif gniyllub nad ,labrev gniyllub sineJ .sigolokisp /latnem

ukalirep gniyllub kutneB .lauskes nasarekek /nahecelep utiay tubesret

dnit utiay lauskes nahecelep ukalirep kutnu naabocnep ,naasokremep naka

kutnu askapid itrepes naaskap nagned lauskes nakadit nakukalem

abarem ,muicnem - lauskes nahecelep nakadnit nad ,hubut naigab abar

.aynnial

.3 ukalireP malad tabilreT gnay kahiP gniylluB

.a ukaleP gniylluB

alirep malad amatu rotkA uk gniyllub nagned tubesid gnires .yllub

ukalep aynmumu adaP gniyllub gnay dirum uata kana gnaroes nakapurem

ukalep aguj gnaraj kadit numan ,tauk nad raseb gnay kisif iaynupmem

gniyllub gnay sigolokisp isanimod iaynupmem numan licek hubutreb gnay

aid raseb namet aratn - apagnem nasala iagabreb nakumetiD .aynnamet

ukalep idajnem gnaroeses .gniyllub awhab halada salej gnilap gnay numaN

ukalep gniyllub namet nagnalakid asaukreb ai alibapa nasaupek nakasarem

.)41 : 8002 ,AWIJES( aynayabes


41

enroH nad saniprO 1:6002( )7 ukalep nakadebmem gniyllub idajnem

uggnaggnep nad ,tukignep uggnaggnep ,fiserga uggnaggnep utiay ,epit agit

.lanoisaler nad urug helo iukaid gnilap gnay narep ,fiserga uggnaggneP

ayabes namet . eS gnaro nakanuggnem gnurednec fiserga uggnaggnep

ukalirep ub gniyll akubret araces namacna atres ,labrev nupuam kisif kiab ,

aynnaujut iapacnem kutnu ,isadimitni nad .

gnires tukignep uggnaggnep nakgnadeS tubesid iagabes uggnaggnep

.fisap akereM gnurednec ialumem kutnu gniyllub itukignem naka ipatet

serga uggnaggnep ukalirep akij fi gniyllub .iagrahid ( suewlO saniprO ,

91:6002 - 02 kana nakrabmaggnem ) - gnay kana ikilimem ,samec asar kadit

naitahrep iracnem nad ,nama aynah irid agrah naktakgninem kutnu ahasureb

netsisa" iagabes kadnitreb ,uggnaggnep gnubagreb nagned akerem gnay "

utnabmem yllub uata iagabes " taugnep uggnaggnep gnorodnem gnay "

.awatret aynah uata karosreb nagned

nagned nupadA uggnaggnep lanoisaler kutneb nakanuggnem

gnusgnal kadit uata gnubulesret nakukalem llub yi gn ajagnes itrepes ,

t ,nial awsis isalosignem naker kusamre - macnagnem ,kopmolek irad naker

uata fitagen romur nakrabeynem uata ,natabahasrep kiranem kutnu

kana gnaroes gnatnet nagnohobek ( saniprO 02:6002 , .)

idajret halokes nagnukgnil malad id naasaukek nagnabmieskaditeK

metsis nakapurem halokes anerak id ,lamrof simedaka awsis arap anam

awsis arac anamiagaB .iggnit hibel gnay takgnit itapmenem aut hibel gnay

helo ihuragnepid tapad idajret gnay nagnabmieskaditek nakispesrepmem


51

asib tubesret ispesrep aggnihes halokes irad isidart uata ayadub rotkaf

epmem )3991 ,suewlO( halokes nagnukgnil id nagnabmieskaditek ihuragn ,

nakgnidnabid lah iagabreb malad asaukreb hibel roines awsis aynlasim

.roinuj awsis nagned

nagnukgnil malad ialin nad naruta napatenep sesorp nakukalem malaD

sis aratna kilfnok tapadret halokes ukalireP .roinuj nagned roines aw gniyllub

latnem nakutnebmep sesorp irad paggnaid roines awsis helo nakukalid gnay

awsis igab - rotkaf tapadret aumes uti kilab id ,ipatet nakA .roinuj iwsis -

ukalirep ihuragnepem tisilpmi araces gnay nial rotkaf gniyllub s id ,haloke

helo lanekid nigni ,isome narulaynep ,madned salab narulaynep itrepes

.ayniagabes nial nad ,nial awsis idajnem naka nahibelreb gnay satiroineS

ukalirep aynidajret isatilisafmem nad kusam nalaj gniyllub nagnukgnil id

nikgnum kadit nakub nad halokes ayadub idajnem naka satiroines aynada

.halokes nagnukgnil id fitareneger gnay

.b nabroK gniylluB

ukalireP gniyllub ukalep aynada nagned aynah idajret nikgnum kadit

gniyllub uata .yllub ukalirep kilabid nabrok ada itsaP gniyllub idajnem gnay

nasarekek narasas ukalep irad nataukek nad gniyllub . saniprO turuneM

nabrok )02:6002( gniyllub nad sitametsis araces gnay gnaroeses halada

ukalep gnas helo nakhadnerid nad nakhecelid ilak gnalureb .gniyllub

iric aparebeB - nabrok nakidajid asib gnay iric gniyllub IJES turunem AW

: nial aratna )8002(


61

)1 ,hamel nad licek kisif iaynupmeM

)2 ,luagreb tiluS

)3 ,aynirid naayacrepek hadner gnay awsiS

)4 /aracib halas gnires( gnuggnac gnay kanA /kadnitreb ,)naiakapreb

)5 iaynupmeM ecaf /gnetnag kadit gnay ,kitnac

)6 nial nad ,iadnap gnaruK - .nial

nabroK gniyllub apa taubreb kadit aynmumu adap - nad apa

ukalirep ajas nakraibmem gniyllub kadit ai anerak ,aynirid adap gnusgnalreb

nabrok maid pakiS .nawalem uata irid alebmem kutnu nataukek iaynupmem

gniyllub erem ,amatu gnay nasalA .nasala iaynupmem ajas utnet rikipreb ak

ep nakropalem alib r ukali gniyllub naka kadit aynirid apminem gnay

nagned awhab rikipreb akerem ,audek gnay nasalA .halasam nakiaseleynem

utiay agitek gnay nasalA .airtask gnay tafis nakub nial gnaro nakudagnem

ab awhab nanikayek nagned irasadid upmam kadit urug nupuam aut gnaro ki

ukalirep inagnanem gniyllub .)8002 :AWIJES(

kapmaD ukalirep gniyllub gnay fitagen kefe nakbabeynem tapad

nabrok igab gnajnap akgnaj nupuam kednep akgnaj malad kiab suires

gniyllub . ukalirep ,kednep akgnaj malaD gniyllub naklubminem tapad

gnay irid agrah naasarep ,nakiridnesret asarem ,nama kadit gnay naasarep

nagned pudih narihkagnep naklubminem tapad nakhab nad ,iserped ,hadner

kapmad nakgnadeS .irid hunub arac gniyllub nabrok ,gnajnap akgnaj malad

gniyllub ednem tapad lanoisome nad ukalirep nauggnag halasam atir

itnA naisenodnI( - .)/gniyllub/gat/moc.sserpdrow.di//:ptth ,gniylluB


71

.c iskaS gniylluB

nabrok nad ukalep nialeS ,gniyllub notnonep tapadret akerem aratnaid

iskas uata gniyllub nakadnit tahilem gnay gniyllub nupualaw tabilret kadit

.gnusgnal araces iskaS gniyllub kopmolekes nupuam gnaroeses nakapurem

ukalirep nakiskaynem gnay gnaro gniyllub ukalirep gnukudnem nad

gniyllub )02:8002 ,AWIJES( inimA awiJ iameS nasayaY .idajret

iskas nakadebmem gniyllub ,macam aud idajnem iskas utiay gniyllub fitka

iskas nad gniyllub iskaS .fisap gniyllub aynmumu adap fitka gnologret gnay

nabrok nakawatrenem tuki gniyllub ukalirep gnukudnem nad gniyllub gnay

iskas gnologret gnay aynasaiB .idajret gnades gniyllub nakapurem fitka

“ atoggna nag k ukalep nipmipid gnay ” gniyllub fitka iskaS . gniyllub asib

ukalep irad kopmolek atoggna nakapurem nakub aguj .gniyllub aynah aiD

anamid tapmet utas malad adareb nalutebek gniyllub naka ,gnusgnalreb uti

ukalirep nakukalem atres turut kiratret aid ipatet ub gniyll atres tuki nagned

nabrok gnas ikaroynem .gniyllub

fisap iskas nupadA gniyllub malad adareb gnay gnaroes nakapurem

ukalirep anamid hayaliw utas gniyllub ,ipatet nakA .gnusgnalreb gnades

fisap iskas gniyllub at naasarep anerak ajas maid hilimem hibel nad tuk

ukalep irad isnevretni tapadnem gniyllub nakukalid uti laH .iridnes uti

gnas itahisanem nupuata nial gnaro ek nakropalem aid alibapa anerak

ukalep ,gniyllub nabrok idajnem asib gnay iridnes aid .gniyllub isautiS

me asar nakhamelem tapad ini itrepes iskas itap gniyllub padahret

nabrok gnas helo imalaid gnay naatirednep .gniyllub nahurulesek kutnU


81

s iska gniyllub ukalirep uata nasarekek amirenem gnurednec gniyllub iagabes

.”rajaw gnay utauses“

.4 rotkaF - ukalireP rotkaf gniylluB

rotkaF - lirep babeynep rotkaf uka gniyllub aud idajnem nakadebid

.raul irad rotkaf nad irid malad rotkaf utiay raseb kopmolek

.a lanretnI rotkaF

rotkaf nakapurem lanretni rotkaF - ukalirep nakbabeynem gnay rotkaf

gniyllub ukalep irid malad irad lasareb gnay idajret .gniyllub eiwoC

)61:9002( ulal asam namalagnep tahilem gnay udividni awhab tapadnepreb

ukalep narepreb tapad fitagen gnay namalagnep iagabes gniyllub padahret

4:8002( itutsA nupadA .nial gnaro - utas halas awhab tapadnepreb )5

ukalirep aynidajret babeynep gniyllub d retkarak halada irid malad ira

nigni tagnames aynada ;itah iri /madned itrepes ,iridnes uti udividni

kutnu ;lauskes kirat ayad nad kisif nataukek nagned nabrok iasaugnem

.aynayabes namet nagnalak id irid satiralupop naktakgninem

.b lanretskE rotkaF

ay ,lanretni rotkaf nialeS ukalirep aynidajret ihuragnepmem tapad gn

gniyllub rotkaf nakapurem lanretske rotkaF .lanretske rotkaf utiay - rotkaf

ukalirep aynidajret ihuragnepmem tapad gnay gniyllub irad lasareb gnay

irid raul .

)1 agraulek rotkaF

p gnay tapmet nakapurem agrauleK malad amatu nad amatre

rajaleb kutnu tapmet sugilakes nad isasilaisos sesorp nakanaskalem


91

igab gnitnep huragnepreb agrauleK .kana naidabirpek kutnebmem

agraulek malad alibapA .kana nagnabmekrep nad retkarak nakutnebmep

as gnay kilfnok idajret surenem suret idajret nakhab nad suires tagn

gnay apa nakiskeyorpmem naka kana radas kadit araces ,nasarekek

ukalirep kutneb malad hamur id nakasar akerem .gniyllub halasaM

nakifingis gnay rotkaf nakapurem skelpmok tagnas gnay agraulek

irep aynidajret ihuragnepmem malad ukal .gniyllub onotraK turuneM

021:6002( - lah ,)321 - ukalep idajnem kana ihuragnepmem gnay lah

gniyllub :nial aratna agraulek halasam irad lasareb gnay amatrep hamur

;)aut gnaro naiarecrep iapmas lanretni kilfnok( nakatnareb gnay aggnat

audek el nagnudnilrep ;aut gnaro irad hib agitek gnaro irad nakalonep

;aut tapmeek .aut gnaro irad kurub huragnep

)2 satinumok nad nagnukgniL

satinumok nad nagnukgnil rotkaf malad duskamid gnay tapmeT

nagnukgnil rotkaF .aggnatet nagnukgnil /laggnit tapmet ,halokes halada

d id tapmet nakapurem iridnes uti satinumok na kana anam

nagnukgnil iD .isasilaisosreb nad rajaleb kutnu utkaw naksibahgnem

ukalirep ,halokes gniyllub ,hotnoc iagabeS .tasep gnabmekreb tagnas

k kida sadninem roines akitek )SOM( awsiS isatneirO asaM isidart sale

nabrok idajnem hanrep akerem naratnal atames gniyllub akerem taas

tapmet nagnukgnil iD .)61:8002 ,AWIJES( roinuj awsis idajnem

gnay adumep arap helo inuhid aynalak ada ,aggnatet /laggnit

itna tafis iaynupmem - mit nagnasgnar idajnem asib ini laH .laisos aynlub


02

kana adap fitagen gnay iskaer - laH .libal asam malad gnades gnay kana

ukalirep nakukalem kutnu kana gnorodnem tapad tubesret gniyllub nad

itna alop urinem - .tubesret laisos

)3 larutluk laisoS

pukacnem gnay rotkaf nakapurem larutluk laisos rotkaF amron -

ialin atres ,rutluk nad laisos amron - gnukudnem tapad gnay ialin

id ukalreb gnay amiretid tapad gnay rajaw gnay arac iagabes nasarekek

sketnok )81:9002( eiwoC turuneM .saul gnay takaraysam malad

ididnep ,natahesek itupilem saul hibel gnay takaraysam imonoke ,nak

uata imonoke naarateskaditek takgnit naknahatrepmem gnay laisos nad

iagabeS .takaraysam malad id kopmolek aratna iggnit gnay laisos

gnurednec silatipak takaraysam malad id pudih gnay gnaro ,hotnoc

.kitsilaudividni arac nagned ukalirepreb kutnu nakgneggnalem naka inI

preb kutnu ihuragnepmem nad laisos salek malad naadebrep ukalire

.nial gnaro nakhadnerem

.B ajameR rasaD pesnoK

.1 ajameR naitregneP

asam nakapurem ajamer asam )6:7002 ,kcortnaS( llaH turuneM

p nad kilfnok ihunepid gnay nakalogrep em llaH .itah anasaus nahabure iakam

halitsi morts dna sserts ispirksed irad .gnarD dnu murtS halitsI morts dna

sserts habureb ajamer nakadnit nad naasarep ,narikip iagabreb nakitraid tapad -

og nad kiab gnay tain ,itah nahadnerek nad nagnobmosek aratna habu ,naad

kadit tagnas pakisreb tapad ajamer taas utaus adaP .nahidesek nad naaigahabek


12

nawak padahret nakgnaneynem - aynnial taas id aratnemes ,ayabes nawak

.)7002 : kcortnaS( kiab pakisreb

ajamer asam nakisinifednem )7002( kcortnaS )ecnecseloda( agabes i

kanak asam aratna nagnabmekrep isisnart edoirep utaus - asam nagned kanak

nahaburep naktabilem gnay ,asawed - oisos nad ,fitingok ,sigoloib nahaburep -

asam ikusamem irid nakpaisrepmem halada ajamer kokop saguT .lanoisome

)0102 ,fusuY( akponoK turuneM .asawed ajamer )1( : itupilem ajamer asam

21 :lawa - 51 :aydam ajamer )2( ;nuhat 51 - 91 :rihka ajamer )3( ;nuhat 81 - 22

.nuhat

6 : 7002 ,kcortnaS( ilha arap ,uti aratnemeS - asam nakadebmem )7

ajamer asaM .rihka nad lawa edoirep utiay ,edoirep aud idajnem ajamer lawa

)ecnecseloda ylrae( hagnenem halokes asam id gnusgnalreb hibel gnaruk

idajret rasebret satrebup nahaburep nad rihka hagnenem halokes uata amatrep

rihka ajamer asaM .ini asam id )ecnecseloda etal( adap idajret hibel gnaruk

k gnay asrawasad nahagnetrep .napudihek irad aude

asam nakapurem ajamer awhab tapadnepreb namzlaS nupadA

gnutnagret pakis nagnabmekrep )ecnedneped( hara ek aut gnaro padahret

nairidnamek )ecnednepedni( tanim , - nad ,irid nagnunerep ,lauskes tanim

ialin padahret naitahrep - e ialin usi nad akitets - duerF .)0102 ,fusuY( larom usi

nad nagnagetek nagned ihunepid ajamer napudihek awhab tapadnepreb

imalaid gnay nagnagetek nakaderem ahasureb ajamer ,duerF turuneM .kilfnok

duerF .radas kadit gnay narikip malad ek kilfnok madnemem arac nagned

ukalirep awhab tapadnepreb - ,nupilakes elepes aynkapmat gnay ukalirep


22

gnay radas kadit nataukek alibapa gnitnep gnay iges nakapurem aynranebes

.)7002 ,kcortnaS( nakpakgnuid uti ukalirep ignakaleb ratalem

.2 ajameR nagnabmekreP kitsiretkaraK

eD turuneM 21( ajamer asam ,)9002( atims - asam nakapurem )nuhat 12

kana napudihek asam aratna nahilarep - .asawed gnaro napudihek asam nad kana

irid itaj nairacnep asam nagned lanekid gnires ajamer asaM )ytitnedi oge( .

kitsiretkarak halmujes nagned iadnatid ajamer asaM :utiay ,gnitnep

.a ,ayabes namet nagned gnatam gnay nagnubuh iapacneM

.b asawed atinaw uata airp iagabes laisos narep rajaleb nad amirenem tapaD

,takaraysam helo iggnit gnujnujid gnay

.c ,fitkefe araces aynnakanuggnem upmam nad kisif naadaek amireneM

.d namek iapacneM asawed gnaro nad aut gnaro irad lanoisome nairid

,aynnial

.e tanim nagned iauses naped asam id reirak nakpaisrepmem nad hilimeM

,aynnaupmamek nad

.f agraulekreb pudih ,nahakinrep padahret fitisop pakis nakgnabmegneM

,kana ikilimem nad

.g alipmaretek nakgnabmegneM pesnok nad lautkeletni n - gnay pesnok

,aragen agraw iagabes nakulrepid

.h ,laisos araces bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay ukal hakgnit iapacneM

.i malad namodep iagabes akite metsis nad ialin takgnarepes helorepmeM

,ukal hakgnitreb

.j m nad naamagaek nasawaw nakgnabmegneM .satisuigiler naktakgnine


32

malad ,sata id nakakumekid halet gnay ajamer kitsiretkarak gnipmas iD

alajeg tapadret ajamer asam - alajeg nagned tubesid gnires gnay alajeg evitageN

.esahP gnatnet nakiarugnem kcolruH esahP evitageN iagabes :tukireb

igniek iridneynem kutnu nan )noitalosi rof erised( kutnu nauamek gnarukreb ,

ajrekeb )krow ot noitanilcnisid( isgnuf isanidrook ayngnaruk , - hubut isgnuf

)snoitanidroocni( naumejek , )moderob( nahasilegek , )ssensseltser( ,

laisos nagnatnetrep )msinogatna laicos( anep , naawabiwek padahret nagnatn

asawed gnaro ytirohtua ot ecnatsiser( naasarep naakepek ,) denethgieh(

)ytilanoitome irid ayacrep gnaruk , fles fo kcal( - )ecnedifnoc tanim lubmit ialum ,

sinej nawal adap ,)xes htiw noitapuccoerp( alisus naasarep naakepek vissecxe( e

,)ytsedom layahkreb naakusek nad )gnimaerd yad( .)23:2891 ,eraippaM(

23:2891( eraippaM - iric awhab nakakumegnem )63 - asam adap sahk iric

:tukireb iagabes halada ajamer

.a isome nad naasarep nalibatskaditeK

.b a adap lojnonem amaturet ,larom nad pakis laH lawa ajamer rihk

.c latnem naupmamek uata nasadrecek laH

.d nakutnetid tilus gnay ajamer sutatS

.e halasam ipadahgnem kaynaB

.f sitirk gnay asam halada lawa ajamer amaturet ajamer asaM

.3 ajameR nagnabmekreP saguT

tkepsrep iulalem )0102 ,fusuY malad( tsruhgivaH laisosokisp fi

tutnunem udividni napudihek malad magareb gnay edoirep awhab tapadnepreb

sagut naksatnunem kutnu - ayntujnaleS .susuhk gnay nagnabmekrep sagut


42

sagut nakitragnem )0102 ,fusuY malad 1691( tsruhgivaH - nagnabmekrep sagut

:tukireb iagabes

A ni doirep niatrec a tuoba ro ta sesira hcihw ksat a si ksat latnempoleved sih ot sdael hcihw fo tnemeveihca lufsseccus ,laudividni eht fo efil eht ot sdael eruliaf elihw ,ksat retal htiw sseccus ot dna ssenippah

lavorppasid ,laudividni eht ni ssenippahnu htiw yluciffid dna ,yteicos yb.ksat retal

sagut naksalejnem icnir araces )0102 ,fusuY malad 1691( tsruhgivaH -

:tukireb iagabes ajamer nagnabmekrep sagut

.a .ayabes namet nagned gnatam hibel gnay nagnubuh iapacneM

.b ad airp iagabes laisos narep iapacneM .atinaw n

.c .fitkefe araces aynnakanuggnem nad kisif naadaek amireneM

.d asawed gnaro nad aut gnaro irad lanoisome nairidnamek iapacneM

.aynnial

.e .imonoke nairidnamek nanimaj iapacneM

.f .naajrekep /reirak nakpaisrepmem nad hilimeM

.g ih nad nahakinrep nakpaisrepmeM .agraulekreb pud

.h pesnok nad lautkeletni nalipmaretek nakgnabmegneM - gnay pesnok

.aragen agraw igab nakulrepid

.i .laisos araces bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay ukal hakgnit iapacneM

.j iagabes akite metsis nad ialin takgnarepes helorepmeM

reb malad gnibmibmep/kujnutep .ukal hakgnit

fusuY ,ajamer asam adap nagnabmekrep naujut sahabmem malaD

37:1102( - em )47 n :tukireb iagabes aynnaksalej


52

.1 lebaT ajamer asaM nagnabmekreP naujuT

HARA IRAD HARA EK

LAISOS NAD LANOISOME NAGNATAMEK

.1 oirepus pakisreb nad narelot kadiT r

.2 luagreb malad ukaK

.3 ayabes namet padahret atub naurineP

.4 aut gnaro lortnoK

.5 /aynirid gnatnet salej kadit gnay naasarePnial gnaro

.6 asar irad irid nakiladnegnem tapad gnaruKaynnahusumrep pakis nad haram

.1 namayn asarem nad narelot pakireB

.2 luagreb malad sewuL

.3 I iaynupmem nad isnednepedretn fles - meetse

.4 iridnes irid lortnoK

.5 nial gnaro nad aynirid amirenem uam naasareP

.6 fitkurtsnok araces aynisome nakataynem upmaMfitaerk nad

SATILAUSKESORETEH NAGNABMEKREP

.1 nahaburep gnatnet naradasek ikilimem muleBaynlauskes

.2 igneM sinej amas gnay nial gnaro isakifitnedaynnimalek

.3 namet kaynab nagned luagreB

.1 uata airp iagabes aynlauskes satitnedi amireneMatinaw

.2 gnay nimalek sinej padahret naitahrep iaynupmeMaynnagned luagreb nad adebreb

.3 namet hilimeM - utnetret namet GOK NAGNATAMEK FITIN

.1 pisnirp ignaneyneM - nad mumu pisnirpkiab gnay nabawaj

.2 satiroto rebmus irad naranebek amireneM

.3 naitahrep uata tanim kaynab ikilimeM

.4 utauses nakrisfanem malad fitkeybus pakisreB

.1 iroet nad atkaf gnatnet nasalejnep nakhutubmeM

.2 m mulebes itkub nakulremeM amirene

.3 sinek padahret naitahrep /tanim tikides ikilimeMaynnagned luagreb nad adebreb gnay nimalek

.4 utauses nakrisfanem malad ditkeybo pakisreB PUDIH HAFASLIF

.1 nagnanesek helo isavitomid ukal hakgniTakaleb

.2 pisnirp padahret huca kat hucA - pisnirp igoloedi akite nad

.3 adap gnutnagret aynukal hakgniT tnemecrofnier .)raul irad nagnorod(

.1 isaripsa helo isavitomid ukal hakgniT

.2 padahret naitahrep iaynupmem uata irid naktabileMakite nad igoloedi

.3 bawaj gnuggnat helo gnibmibid aynukal hakgniTlarom

.4 R isakinumoK aloP ajame

halada aynayabes namet nagned ajamer aisu kitsiretkarak utas halaS

y nanametrep nagnubuh nilajnem kutnu nanigniek aynlucnum gna

golokisp malad nial halitsi nagned uata barka hibel nad satilaukreb i

nagned tubesid nagnabmekrep pihsdneirf asrep( ttiveDcM turuneM .)natabah


62

nagned natabahasrep iric agit tapadret )722:9002 ,atimseD( dormrO nad

:nial aratna ,ayabes namet

)a pihsnoitaler yratnulov era yehT sata nugnabret gnay nagnubuh aynada(

)alerakus rasad

)b smotsuc dna senituor derahs yb derewop era yehT nagnubuh(

)naasaibek naamasek rasad sata nugnabid natabahasrep

)c pihsnoitaler lacorpicer era yehT rasad sata nugnabid natabahasrep(

.)kilab labmit nagnubuh

kopmolek iagabes paggnaid ilak gnires ajamer ,tabahasreb malaD

nakukalem malad hena gnay isakinumok alop nagned lanekid ajameR .

aynisakinumok alop sesorp malad anerak ,hena nad kinu gnay isakinumok

hadiak tunagnem gnires ajamer - ialin nad hadiak - nagned adebreb gnay ialin

kadit nupiksem halas aynhunepes kadit ini nagnadnaP .asawed gnaro

k raneb aynhurules nakanuggnem ajamer ilha arap ilak gnires anera

helo imahapid tilus gnay asahab atat uata ,isakinumok asahab ,igolonimret

.akerem kopmolek raulid nial gnaro

turuneM aratna isakinumok amatu isgnuf tapadret ,)8002( itkabruS

nukgnil nad ajamer kana :nial aratna ,aynratikes nag

)a nasep nakiapmayneM

gnaro nagned ajamer kana aratna isakinumok naujuT - gnaro

amirenep iagabes kana kiab ,nasep nakiapmaynem halada aynratikesid

gnaro nad nasep - nupuata nasep irebmep iagabes aynatikes gnaro

nay araC .aynkilabes aratna nasep nakiapmaynem kutnu fitkefe gnilap g


72

nahibeleK .akum patat isakinumok iulalem halada aynaudek

amirenep iskaer iuhategnem gnusgnal halada akum patat isakinumok

hadum ,aynahameleK .nakiapmasid nasep taas adap nasep

adit akij kilfnok gnadnugnem .kiab nagned nakiladnekid k

)b nasep amireneM

amirenem naujutreb aguj isakinumok ,nasep nakiapmaynem nialeS

kinumok sesorp malaD .nasep kana isa - gnaro nad ajamer kana id

( kejbo idajnem naitnagreb araces aynatikes reviecer kejbus nad )

( rednes rayS .isakinumok ) ( nasep amirenep idajnem amatu ta reviecer )

agnednem kutnu naaidesek halada kutnu naaidesek aynminiM .nakr

sep nakbabeynem nasep nakragnednem gnay narasas iapacnem kadit na

.naknigniid

anerak ajamer nagned isakinumokreb natilusek gnay gnaro kaynaB

las kadit .nakanug ajamer gnades gnay isakinumok alop imahamem gni

gnisam aynisakinumok alop naknahatrepmem gnilas ajamer gnadakreT -

,satitnedi nairacnep farat malad adareb gnades ajameR .gnisam

aboc nad ,nagnabmegnep - ukalirep irad kapmat ajamer nalibatskaditeK .aboc

turunem gnay isakinumok alop iagabreb helo iskefniret hadum gnay akerem

nakgnugnibmem nakhab taafnamreb utnet muleb nupiksem kiranem akerem

.iridnes akerem aut gnaro kusamret nial gnaro

latnek tabahas nagned utkaw naksibahgnem ajamer ,aynmumu adaP

m kutnu halasam nakaracibme - nagnubuh halasam uata idabirp nad dooW .

natakedek nad nabarkaek awhab naksalejnem )1102 ,antayduB( namnI


82

.kutneb iagbreb iulalem idajret tapad nagnubuhreb malad isakinumok aloP

iatresid gnadakret ,akimanid nagned hunep aynmumu ajamer is emsin uata

emsakras haitsi nad - ”hena“ gnay halitsi irahes pudih isautis padahret - .irah

nagned nabarkaek ujunem ”satnip nalaj“ nakanuggnem ajameR

nad natakedek taktaraysignem gnay isakinumok alop adap nakladnagnem

ognem ydE ,hotnoc iagabeS .akerem nabarkaek kol - tabahas saerdnA kolo

:uculem libmas ayntaked gnopmeR umak ,hheh“ tuhdneG ajas ulales

”ini rudit kiysa igal gnay umnamet uggnaggnem :saerdA helo salabid nad

ajas iri aynakus ,ini uak hha“ ”)awatret libmas( suruK gnopmeR rasad .

edek nad nabarkaek iulaleM kolognem haluti itrepes natak - ridniynem ,kolo

kelejnem nad - awhab atakreb tisilipmi araces lobmis utaus iagabes nakkelej

.iludep nad nakitahrepmem gnilas akerem

.C rasaD pesnoK gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP

.1 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP kitsiretkeraK

anacner haubes awhab tapadnepreb )475:1102( llehctiM nad nosbiG

iagabes kitsiretkarak naknimrecnem fitkefe gnay margorp uata nakadnit

:tukireb

.a .nakgnabmekid tapad margorP

kutnu nakgnabmekid tapad aynitsemes margorp naanacnereP

naujut ihunemem - aj naujut .gnajnap nad ,hagnenem ,kednep akgn

nad ,hagnenem ,kednep akgnaj araces gnacnarid gnay margorP

nagnabmegnep anerak utkaw gnajnapes nakgnabmekid tapad gnajnap


92

,nakiabrep ,nahubmutrep nakisakilpmignem ulales atres

.naanrupmeynep

.b ep anacner iaynupmem margorP .sigol nad naturureb gnay nagnabmegn

kapmat gnay isadnop nakrasadreb nakukalid margorp nagnabmegneP

margorp malad isadnoP .ayntukireb nagnabmegnep igab nagnibmib

gnilesnok nad .nahutubek nemsesa halada

.c .lebiskelf tafisreb margorP

margorP snok nad nagnibmib gnile ihunemem kutnu lebiskelf pakisreb

malad id satilibiskelf irad naigab utas halaS .kidid atresep nahutubek

halasam naisakifitnedignep halada naanacnerep - gnay halasam

rudesorp nad naknikgnumem - naiapacnep igab fitanretla rudesorp

.naujut

.d ikilimem margorP ,isanidrook ,isakinumok igab iggnit gnay satiroirp

.amas ajrek nad

amas ajrek atres isakinumok nad isanidrook malad nalagageK

margorp nagnabmegnep nad naanaskalep adap huragnep nakirebmem

.lawa naujut naiapacnep atres

.e isab haubes nakaideynem upmam margorP igab tauk gnay s

.ayad rebmus naanuggnep

igab sigol gnay sisab haubes nakaideynem fitkefe gnay margorP

.ayad rebmus nataafnamep nad fats ,linosrep nasagunep

.f .isaulave nad lisah narukugnep anacner iaynupmem margorP


03

.2 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP naujuT

gnay lisah nakrabmaggnem gnay naataynrep nakapurem naujuT

gnay margorp iagabreb iulalem iapacid nigni gnay utauses uata ,nakparahid

nad nagnibmib naujut )56:1102 ,antairpuS( fusuY turuneM .nakgnabmekid

rabmaggnem gnay naataynrep nakapurem gnilesnok rep satilauk nak i ukal

igetarts iagabreb iulalem gnabmekreb nakparahid gnay awsis idabirp uata

gnilesnok nad nagnibmib ,uti nialeS .nakmargorpid gnay nataigek nanayal

naupmamek ikilimem raga kidid atresep utnabmem kutnu naujutreb

ialin isasilanretnignem - lin sagut malad gnudnakret gnay ia - sagut

.aynnagnabmekrep

.3 gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP nenopmoK

,gnitnep nenopmok tapme itupilem gnilesnok nad nagnibmib margorP

nagnukud nad ,laudividni nanayal ,fisnopser nanayal ,rasad nanayal utiay

ayirpuS( metsis gnisam ,susuhk araceS .)76:1102 ,ant - nenopmok gnisam

:tukireb iagabes naksalejd

.a rasaD nanayaL

awsis hurules igab nautnab nanayal nakapurem rasad nanayaL

nataigek iulalem - nakijasid gnay salek raul id nupuam salek nataigek

em akgnar malad sitametsis araces nakgnabmegnem awsis utnabm

utnabmem kutnu rasad nanayal naujuT .lamitpo araces aynirid isnetop

:raga kidid atresep

)1 nad irid gnatnet namahamep/naradasek ikilimem kidid atreseP

.aynnagnukgnil


13

)2 kutnu nalipmaretek nakgnabmegnem upmam kidid atreseP

kifitnedignem tapet ukalirep takgnarepes uata bawaj gnuggnat isa

.aynnagnukgnil nagned aynirid igab

)3 nad nahutubek ihunemem uata inagnanem upmam kidid atreseP

.aynhalasam

)4 kutnu akgnar malad aynirid nakgnabmegnem upmam kidid atreseP

.aynpudih naujut iapacnem

.b opseR nanayaL fisn

awsis arap igab nautnab nanayal nakapurem fisnopser nanayaL

nagnolotrep nakulremem gnay halasam uata nahutubek ikilimem gnay

areges nagned .)snrecnoc dna sdeen etaidemmi( fisnopser nanayaL

ay aynnahutubek ihunemem malad awsis utnabmem kutnu naujutreb gn

imalagnem gnadnapid gnay awsis arap uata ,ini taas adap nakasarid

sagut nakiaseleynem malad natabmah - .aynnagnabmekrep sagut

.c laudividnI nanayaL

aumes adapek nautnab nanayal nakapurem laudividni nanayaL

anacnerep nakanaskalem nad taubmem upmam raga awsis asam na

.aynirid nahamelek nad nataukek naka namahamep nakrasadreb ,naped

nad taubmem tapad raga awsis utnabmem naujutreb laudividni nanayaL

idabirp nad ,reirak ,nakididnep anacner nakisatnemelpmignem

.aynlaisos


23

.d metsiS nagnukuD

nakapurem metsis nagnukuD utas - malad nenopmok aynutas

gnusgnal kadit araces gnay gnilesnok nad nagnibmib margorp

irid nakgnabmegnem malad kidid atresep adapek nautnab nakirebmem

nagnukud ,)86:1102 ,antairpuS( sillE samohT turuneM .lamitpo araces

nemejanam nataigek nakapurem metsis kutnu naujutreb gnay

nad nagnibmib margorp naktakgninem nad ,arahilemem ,nakpatnamem

;lanoisseforp nagnabmegnep iulalem huruleynem araces gnilesnok

fats ,urug nagned isatlusnok ;fats nagned takaraysam nagnubuh

margorp nemejanam ;takaraysam ,tahisanep/ilha nad naitilenep ;

.nagnabmegnep

,)2102( aganiS turuneM s nenopmok natiakretek susuhk arace

:tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tapad gnilesnok nad nagnibmib margorp


33

.1 rabmaG

emsinakeM ajreK KB margorP nenopmoK

nemsesAnagnukgniL

naparaH isidnoK nad

nagnukgniL

saguT takgnareP /nagnabmekreP

/isnetepmoK( napakacek

nad ialin pudih atresep larom

)kidid

naujuT narataT nad nagnibmiB

gnilesnoK .naradayneP(

,isadomokA)nakadniT

nahalasamrePulrep gnay

nemsesA nagnabmekreP

ilesnoK

naparaH isidnoK nad

K ilesno

NENOPMOKMARGORP

o nanayaleP rasaD

nad nagnibmiBgnilesnoK

hurules kutnU( kidid atresep isatneirO nad

akgnaJ)gnajnaP

o nanayalePfisnopseR

nahacemeP( ,halasaM)isaidimeR

o nanayalePnaanacnereP

naanacnereP( ,nakididneP

raK ,lanosreP ,rei)laisoS

o nagnukuDmetsiS

kepsA( nad nemejanaM

)nagnabmegneP

nanayalePisatneirO

nanayalePisamrofnI

nagnibmiBkopmoleK

lakisalK nagnibmiB gnilesnoK

laudividnI )larefeR( nakujuR nagnibmiB nameT

ayabes nagnabmegneP

aideM isasnemurtsnI laudividnI naialineP

kopmoleK uata nad natapmeneP

narulayneP hamuR nagnujnuK susaK isnerefnoK uruG isarobaloK isarobaloK

autgnarO niaL ilhA isarobaloK isatlusnoK isamrofnI seskA

igolonkeT nad nemejanaM metsiS E ,isaulav

satilibatnukA nagnabmegneP

iseforP

IGETARTSNANAYALEP


43

.4 sineJ - nagnibmiB sinej

nagnibmib margorp haubes malad gnitnepret gnay rusnu utas halaS

sinej halada - ,)011:0102( itutsaH nad lekniW turuneM .nagnibmib sinej

nakrasadreb utiay ,sinej agit idajnem igabid aynrasad adap nagnibmib

nab kutneb( utnetret tapmet nad utkaw adap gnibmibid gnay gnaro aynkay

nakirebmem malad iapacid nigni gnay naujut nakrasadreb ;)nagnibmib

malad utnetret gnadib nakrasadreb ;)nagnibmib tafis( nagnibmib nanayal

abmekrep kepsa uata ,awsisaham uata awsis napudihek adap utnetret nagn

sinej ,ini lah malaD .)nagnibmib magar( awsisaham nad awsis - sinej

nakirebmem kutnu utnetret arac adap kujnunem itrareb nagnibmib

.utnetret gnadnap tudus turunem nakopmolegnep

.a kutneB - nagnibmib kutneb

adap kujurem nagnibmib kutneb halitsI gnay gnaro halmuj

gnay awsis alibapA .nagnibmib nanayalep itukignem /amirenem

/laudividni nagnibmib nagned tubesid akam ,gnaro utas aynah inayalid

hibel inayalid gnay awsis alibapa nakgnadeS .nagnaroesrep nagnibmib

ibmib nagned tubesidakam ,gnaro utas irad kiab ,kopmolek nagn

,itutsaH nad lekniW( raseb kopmolek nupuam licek kopmolek

.)111:0102

.b tafiS - nagnibmib tafis

tafis halitsI - gnay naujut nakrasadreb helorepid nagnibmib tafis

nagnibmib naujuT .nagnibmib nanayal nakirebmem malad iapacid nigni

duskamid gnay gnay nagnibmib nataigek malad amatu naujut halai


53

lekniW .gnibmibmep aganet /rolesnok helo nakukalid nad nakanacnerid

gnay nagnibmib sinej tapme igabmem )211:0102( itutsaH nad

uata fitareveserp nagnibmib utiay ,nagnibmib naujut adap nakrasadreb

ed nagnibmib nagnibmib uata fitneverp nagnibmib ;latnempolev

nad ;laidimer nagnibmib uata fitkerok nagnibmib ;nahagecnep

.naarahilemep nagnibmib

nakapurem latnempoleved nagnibmib /fitareveserp nagnibmiB

gnabmekreb raga awsis ignipmadnem kutnu naujutreb gnay nagnibmib

s naujutreb gnay nagnibmib utiay fitneverp nagnibmiB .lamitpo arace

nagnatnat ipadahgnem malad pais hibel raga awsis ilakebmem kutnu -

uata fitkerok nagnibmiB .gnatad naka gnay asam id nagnatnat

utnabmem naujutreb gnay nagnibmib nakapurem laidimer nagnibmib

is isatagnem nad halas gnay nagnabmekrep iskerognem malad aws

aynamatu naujut alibapa nakgnadeS .awsis imalaid gnay halasam

tubesid kiab hadus gnay awsis naadaek nad milki arahilemem halada

.naarahilemep nagnibmib nagned

.c magaR - nagnibmib magar

magaR - bmib magar nakrasadreb gay nagnibmib nakapurem nagni

uata ,awsisaham uata awsis napudihek malad utnetret gnadib adap

nad lekniW .awsisaham nad awsis adap utnetret nagnabmekrep kepsa

311:0102( itutsaH - ,3 idajnem nagnibmib magar nakadebmem )911

ireb iagabes nial ratana :tuk


63

)1 kimedaka nagnibmiB

nakumenem lah malad nagnibmib nakapurem kimedaka nagnibmiB

,iauses gnay iduts margorp hilimem malad ,tapet gnay rajaleb arac

nagned natiakreb lubmit gnay natilusek isatagnem malad nad

natutnut - ididnep nagnukgnil id rajaleb natutnut .nak

)2 reirak nagnibmiB

irid nakpaisrepmem malad nagnibmib halai reirak nagnibmiB

naajrekep nagnapal hilimem malad ,naajrekep ainud ipadahgnem

pais ayapus irid ilakebmem atres utnetret iseforp /natabaj uata

d nakiauseynem malad nad ,utnetret natabaj ukgnamem nagned iri

.ikusamid halet gnay naajrekep nagnapal irad natutnut iagabreb

)3 idabirp nagnibmiB - laisos

ipadahgnem malad nagnibmib nakapurem laisos idabirp nagnibmiB

aynnitab malad nalumugrep iagabreb isatagnem nad nitab naadaek

nes irid rutagnem malad ;iridnes natawarep ,nainahorek gnadib id irid

nad lauskes usfan narulaynep ,gnaul utkaw naisignep ,inamsaj

naaisunamek nagnubuh anibmem malad nagnibmib atres ;ayniagabes

.)laisos naluagrep( nagnukgnil iagabreb id amases nagned


73

III BAB NATILENEP IGOLODOTEM

,naitilenep sinej gnatnet naiaru isireb ini baB naitilenep keybus nemurtsni ,

.nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinket nad ,naitilenep

.A naitileneP sineJ

.fitatitnauk natakednep nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid ini naitileneP

P fitatitnauk naitilene adap aynsisilana naknakenem gnay naitilenep nakapurem

atad - akgna( lakiremun atad - adap nad akitsitats edotem nagned haloid gnay )akgna

naijugnep akgnar malad( laisnerefni naitilenep adap nakukalid aynrasad

akradnaynem atres )sisetopih satilibaborp itaus adap aynlisah nalupmisek n

.)5:3102 ,rawzA( lihin sisetopih nakalonep nahalasek nakukalid gnay naitileneP

naitilenep gnologret fitatitnauk .fitpirksed rawzA 102( 3:7 naitilenep ,tapadnepreb )

nakirebmem naujut nagned nakukalid fitpirksed g nad kitametsis araces narabma

.utnetret gnadib ianegnem uata isalupop ianegnem kitsiretkarak atres atkaf taruka

kutnu nakduskamid ini naitilenep ,sata id naitregnep nagned nalajeS

ukalirep takgnit isnednet gnatnet atad naklupmugnem gniyllub PMS awsis adap

atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK T nuha A 2102 naraj - irad tujnal kadnit iagabeS .3102

naka akam ,ini naitilenep lisah kipot naklusuid - laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot .

.B naitileneP keybuS

atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis halada ini naitilenep keybuS

T nuha A 02 naraj 21 - 6 kaynabes mekaP suisinaK PMS id salek halmuJ .3102

nad inareB XI ,hisaK IIIV ,nilpisiD IIIV ,rujuJ IIV ,sadreC IIV salek utiay ,salek


83

adap naksalej id icnir araces mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis halmuJ .iridnaM XI

1 lebaT oY mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis aumeS . keybus idajnem atrakayg

.naitilenep naitilenep halada ini naitilenep ,naitilenep keybus irad uajnitiD

keybus idajnem atrakaygoY mekaP suisinak PMS awsis aumes anerak isalupop

iaynupmem gnay keybus isasilareneg hayaliw nakapurem isalupoP .naitilenep

tilauk irajalepid kutnu itilenep helo nakpatetid gnay utnetret kitsiretkarak nad sa

.)711:1102 ,onoyiguS( nalupmisek kiratid naidumek nad

tapmet iagabes atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS hilimem nasalA

kgnajid hadum atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS )1( anerak naitilenep helo ua

igab tapmet idajnem hanrep atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS )2( ;itilenep

gnilesnoK nagnibmiB nagnapaL namalagneP margorP itukignem kutnu itilenep

urug iaynupmem kadit atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS )3( ;)KBLPP(

K PMS awsis )4( ;gnilesnok nad nagnibmib gnologret atrakaygoY mekaP suisina

er atar aisu nagned ajam - 31 atar -17 .nuhat

lebaT 2. atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS halmuJ naicniR

2102 narajA nuhaT - 3102

saleK halmuJ

sadreC IIV 72 rujuJ IIV 62

nilpisiD IIIV 42 hisaK IIIV 22 inareB XI 32

aM XI iridn 52 latoT halmuJ 741


93

d nakijasid ini tukireB naitilenep keybus mumu ispirkse ret gnay adap tapad

:tukireb iagabes lebat

3 lebaT . naitileneP keybuS mumU ispirkseD rumU nad nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB

ON IROGATAK NIMALEK SINEJ

LATOT)%( halmuJ

ikaL - ikaL malaD)%( naupmereP malaD

)%( 1 AISU

nuhaT 71 1 %57.0 1 %57.0 %05.1 2 nuhaT 61 8 %79.5 9 %17.6 %86.21 71 nuhaT 51 71 %96.21 91 %81.41 %78.62 63 nuhaT 41 22 %24.61 41 %44.01 %68.62 63 nuhaT 31 91 %81.41 31 %07.9 %88.32 23 nuhaT 21 2 1 %94. 8 %79.5 %64.7 01 nuhaT 11 - - 1 %57.0 %57.0 1 )%( latoT - %05.15 - %05.84 %001 -

halmuJ 96 - 56 - - 431

lebat nakrasadreB awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sataid ini naitilenep malad

reb kejbus isubirtsiD .naitilenep keybus idajnem awsis 431 kaynabes nakrasad

ikal keybus aratna nimalek sinej - adebreb aynah naupmerep keybus nagned ikal

gnisam ialin nagned %05.3 rasebes esatnesorp hisiles nagned utiay ,sipit - gnisam

ikal naitilenep keybus kutnu )awsis 96( %05.15 - kutnu )awsis 56( %05.84 nad ikal

enep keybus keybus irad aisu nakrasadreb tahilid alibapA .naupmerep naitil

gnay naitilenep keybus aisu gnatner awhab naklupmisid tapad ,naitilenep

ukalirep nakukalem isakifitnediret gniyllub 11 aisu irad - ataR .nuhat 71 - aisu atar

parek gnologret gnay naitilenep keybus ukalirep nakukalem gniyllub tiay aratna u

71 iapmas nuhat 31 aisu .nuhat


04

.C naitileneP nemurtsnI

.1 nemurtsnI sineJ

halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay naitilenep nemurtsnI

ukalireP renoiseuK gniylluB nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS

rajA 2102 na - nakanugid gnay renoiseuK .itilenep helo nususid gnay 3102

pututret kutneb renoiseuK .pututret renoiseuk apureb ini naitilenep malad

naataynrep isireb - kutnu nabawaj nahilip nagned iatresid gnay naataynrep

62:5002 ,nahcruF( tubesret naataynrep paites naitilenep malad renoiseuK .)0

kepsa taumem ini - ukalirep sinej kepsa gniyllub inimA awiJ nasayaY turunem

utiay )AWIJES( gniyllub ,kisif gniyllub nad ,labrev gniyllub /latnem

.sigolokisp

.2 naataynreP tamroF

gnem ini naitilenep malad narukugnep edoteM nakanug trekiL alakS

kutneb malad taubid gnay tsilkcehc . trekiL alakS rukugnem kutnu nakanugid

gnatnet gnaro kopmolekes uata gnaroeses ispesrep nad tapadnep ,pakis

malaD .)431:1102 ,onoyiguS( laisos anemonef S alak L treki irad nabawaj

upmem nemurtsni paites fitagen tagnas iapmas fitisop tagnas irad isadarg iayn

.)531:1102 ,onoyiguS(

ukalirep renoiseuk malad naataynreP gniyllub irad iridret aynah ini

uata fitisop naataynrep utiay naataynrep sinej utas elbarovaf naataynreP .

uata fitisop lebarovaf urem uata iauses gnay naukalirepek pesnok nakap

naataynrep ,ini lah malaD .rukuid gnay lebairav/tubirta gnukudnem lebarovaf

ukalirep isnednet aynada nakrabmaggnem gnay naataynrep utiay gniyllub .


14

anretla )tapme( 4 nakanuggnem aynah itilenep ,ini naitilenep malaD fit

gnadaK ,)J( gnaraJ ,)PT( hanreP kadiT utiay nabawaj - gnireS nad ,)K( gnadak

.)S(

.3 rokS nautneneP

nagned nakukalid renoiseuk malad nabawaj paites kutnu gnirokS

nabawaj nahilip paites gnirokS .nabawaj fitanretla paites adap ialin irebmem

ilid tapad adap tah lebaT 4.

lebaT 4. ukalireP renoiseuK naialineP /gnirokS gniylluB

.oN naataynreP nabawaJ fitanretlA

kadiT)PT( hanreP

gnaraJ)J(

gnadaK -)K( gnadak

gnireS)S(

.1 lebarovaF 1 2 3 4

naataynrep bawajnem kutnu atnimid nednopseR - ataynrep gnay na

ukalireP renoiseuK adap tapadret gniylluB utas halas hilimem nagned

( gnatnec adnat nakanuggnem nakaidesid halet gnay naawaj fitanretla .)

adap nednopser nabawaj nakhalmujnem arac nagned nakukalid gnirokS

gnisam - tapad naikimed nagneD .meti gnisam takgnit isnednet iuhatekid

ukalirep gniyllub gnay roks halmuj iggnit nikameS .ini naitilenep kejbus adap

ukalirep takgnit alup iggnit nikames akam ,helorepid gniyllub ,aynkilabeS .

alup hadner nikames akam ,helorepid gnay roks halmuj hadner nikames

takgnit ukalirep gniyllub .


24

.4 isiK - isik

isiK - ukalireP renoiseuk isik gniylluB ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY - renoiseuk aboc iju nakukalid mulebes 3102

adap tahilid tapad lebaT 5.

lebaT 5. isiK - ukalireP renoiseuK isik gniylluB awsiS ,mekaP suisinaK PMS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY - 3102 aboC ijU mulebeS ukalireP sineJ gniylluB rotakidnI renoiseuK .oN ∑

.1 gniylluB kisiF ukalireP gniyllub tasak gnay

tahilem asib nupapaiS .atam katnok idajret anerak

ukalep aratna gnusgnalnabrok nagned

.a M lukume

.b gnadneneM

.c uhab nagned loggneyneM

.d rewejneM

.e kalameM .f ihaduleM .g gnarab nagned rapmeleM

34 ,04 ,9 22 ,21 ,72 ,7 05 ,84 ,93 ,42

45 74 ,41

,51 15 ,2 25

18

.2 gniylluB labreV ukalireP gniyllub asib gnay

asib anerak isketedret ardni helo pakgnatret

naragnednep

.a ikameM

.b anihgneM

.c nakuluj irebmeM

.d huduneM

.e ikaroyneM .f kelejneM - nakelej .g ridniyneM

53 ,62 ,61 ,8 ,1 ,11 23 ,32

55 ,54 ,14 ,31 ,4 83 ,73

01 ,5 44 ,33 ,92 ,71

35 ,63 ,82

42

.3 gniylluB /latneMsigolokisP

ukalireP gniyllub gnilap gnay kadit anerak ayahabreb

tret uata atam helo pakgna pukuc kadit akij atik agnilet kitkarP .aynisketednem sawa

gniyllub maid idajret ini - radar raul id nad maid.nial gnaro nauatnamep

.a sinis nagned gnadnameM

.b naklicugneM

.c naped id nakulamremeMmumu

.d nakmaidneM

.e macnagneM

,02 03 ,12 43 , , 24 ,3 52 94 ,6 75 , ,81 13 64 ,91 65 , 51

L A T O T 75 75


34

.D nemurtsnI satilibaileR nad satidilaV

.1 satidilaV

P satidilav naijugne nemurtsni isi satidilav utiay nakanugid gnay

.)ytidilaV tnetnoC( isnaveler rukugnem gnay satidilav nakapurem isi satidilaV

i ruku naujut nagned nad naukalirepek rotakidni nagned renoiseuk met

)933:9002( orotnayigruN turunem nakgnadeS .)231:2102 ,rawzA( , satidilav

aratna naiausesek anamiagab nakaynatrepmem gnay satidilav halada isi

ay halasam ispirksed nad naujut nagned nemurtsni .itiletid naka gn

nakukalid ,ini naitilenep nemurtsni isi satidilav tahilem kutnU

ilha isatlusnok trepxe tnemgduj( ) ,nemurtsni isi satidilav naijugnep malaD .

nautnab atnimem itilenep trepxe tnemgduj :utiay ,ilha aud irad

.a ,.dP.M ,aganiS lanoD retsuJ nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP nesod ukales

nesod iagabes sugilakes amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK

nagned tiakret naialinep rebmem nesoD .itilenep ispirks gnibmibmep

idni ,naitilenep elbairav aratna naiausesek k tamilak nad naitilenep rota

seuk naataynrep .renoi

.b .srD ,yraH ahcnaparP .AT ,.iS.M hailuk atam upmagnep nesod ukales

.atrakaygoY awsiS namaT satisrevinU irad tseT sigolokisP tnemssesA

gnay tamilak rutkurts nagned natiakreb gnay naialinep nakirebmem nesoD

nakanrupmesid gnay naaje hadiak nagned iauses .)DYE(

naidumek ilha helo nakukalid gnay haalet nad isatlusnok lisaH

51 laggnat adap atrakaygoY ocsoB sennaoJ PMS id nakabocijuid - teraM 61

renoiseuk aboc iju adap nednopser idajnem gnay awsis halmuJ .3102


44

irad igabret awsis 65 utiay ini naitilenep IIIV salek utiay salek 2

adap nakukalid renoiseuk aboc ijU .senippaH IIIV salek nad ytilibisnopseR

naamasek aynada nagnabmitrep nagned ocsoB sennaoJ PMS IIIV salek awsis

amas nad aisu gnatner - .nasayay nagnuan hawab id adareb amas

enep ,ayntujnaleS aboc iju lisah isalereok neisifeok gnutihgnem itil

margorp nakanuggnem nagned k retupmo ecivreS dna tcudorP lacitsitatS

snoituloS ( .wodniW rof 0.61 )SSPS nagned utiay nakanugid gnay edoteM

roks nakisalerokgnem - roks padahret nemurtsni meti paites roks - s roks paite

isalerok natakednep iulalem kepsa tnemoM tcadorP nosraeP sumur nagned

: tukireb iagabes

YXr =2222 YYNXXN

YXYXN

: nagnareteK

YXr kepsa roks nagned meti/ritub roks isaleroK =

N keybus halmuJ =

X i rokS = ritub uata met

Y kepsa rep latot rokS =

isalerok neisifeok akij awhab naksalejnem )413:9002( orotnayigruN

helorepid gnay gnutih )r( adap utiay ,elbat )r( isalerok neisifeok adapirad ≥

akabocijuid gnay nemurtsni akam ,%1 uata %5 isnakifingis farat tapad n

farat nakanuggnem itilenep ,ini naitilenep malaD .dilav nakataynid

raseb iuhatekid tapad aggnihes 65 nednopser halmuj nagned %5 isnakifingis


54

nagnutihgnep lisah nakrasadreB .662,0 utiay sitirk )r( isalerok neisifeok

irad iuhatekid tapad ,kitsitats 4 tapadret nakabocijuid gnay meti 75 9 meti

nad dilav gnay 8 kadit nad dilav gnay meti halmuJ .dilav kadit gnay meti

adap tahilid tapad dilav 6 lebaT :

lebaT 6. isaleroK neisifeoK nagnutihgneP lisaH

naitileneP nemurtsnI metI

kepsA rotakidnI metI romoN almuJ h dilaV ruguG kisiF gniylluB lukumeM 34 ,04 ,9 - 3

gnadneneM 1 ,72 ,7 22 ,2 - 4 uhab nagned loggneyneM 05 ,84 ,93 ,42 - 4

rewejneM - 45 1 kalameM 74 ,41 - 2 ihaduleM - 15 ,51 2

gnarab nagned rapmeleM 25 2 2 labreV gniylluB ikameM 3 ,62 ,61 5 - 3

anihgneM 23 ,32 ,8 ,1 11 5 nakuluj irebmeM 55 ,54 ,14 ,31 - 4

huduneM 83 ,73 4 3 ikaroyneM 01 ,5 - 2

kelejneM - nakkelej 44 ,33 ,92 ,71 - 4 ridniyneM 35 ,63 ,82 - 3

/latneM gniylluBsigolokisP

sinis nagned gnadnameM 24 ,43 ,03 ,12 02 5 naklicugneM 52 3 2

naped id nakulamremeMmumu

75 ,94 ,6 - 3

nakmaidneM 13 ,81 - 2 macnagneM 65 ,64 ,91 - 3

LATOT 94 8 75


64

.2 satilibaileR

,rawzA( narukugnep lisah naayacrepek takgnit halada satilibaileR

iaynupmem gnay narukugneP .)7002 upmam gnay utiay iggnit satilibailer

,rawzA( lebailer iagabes tubesid ,ayacrepret gnay ruku lisah nakirebmem

satilibailer itra malad satilibailer pesnok )4:1102( rawzA turuneM .)671:7002

narukugnep rore halasam nagned natiakreb tare ruku tala fo rorre(

em )tnemerusa ruku lisah satilibailer itra malad satilibailer pesnok nakgnades ,

lepmas nalibmagnep malad rore nagned natiakreb tare )rorre gnilpmas( gnay

gnalu nakukalid narukugnep alibapa ruku lisah isnetsisnokni adap ucagnem

breb gnay udividni kopmolek adap .ade

nakanuggnem ini naitilenep renoiseuk satilibailer skedni nagnutihreP

neisifeok natakednep ahplA hcabnorC neisifeok nasumur nupadA .)α(

satilibailer ahplA hcabnorC :tukireb iagabes halada )α(

= α 1[2 - 2S

2S + 2S

x

ix]

: sumur nagnareteK

S12 S nad 2

2 2 nahaleb roks snairav nad 1 nahaleb roks snairav :

Sx2 alaks roks snairav :

nakrasadreB gnutihid halet nad nakukalid halet gnay aboc iju lisah

retupmok margorp nautnab nakanuggnem nagned dna tcudorP lacitsitatS

snoituloS ecivreS ( wodniW rof 0.61 )SSPS satilibailer nagnutihrep helorepid ,

pla neisifeok sumur nakanuggnem nagned nemurtsni hurules utiay ,)α( ah

9,0 72 .


74

lebaT 7. ileR neisifeoK a satilib ukalireP gniylluB

hcabnorC ahplA neisifeoK meti N keybus N

729 ,0 54 431

,ojdisaM( drofliuG airetirk ek nakisatlusnokid nagnutihrep lisaH

5991 adap tahilid tapad drofliuG airetirK .) lebaT 7.

lebaT 7. drofliuG airetirK

isaleroK neisifeoK isakifilauK

19,0 - 00,1 iggniT tagnaS 17 ,0 – 09,0 iggniT 14,0 – 07,0 iggniT pukuC 12,1 – 04,0 hadneR

fitageN - 02,0 hadneR tagnaS

eisifeok awhab iuhatekid tapad drofliuG airetirk nakrasadreB n

.iggnit tagnas kusamret renoiseuk satilibailer I solol halet gnay renoiseuk met

nususid naidumek aynmeti romon ilabmek kacaid ,satilibailer nad satidilav iju

.naitilenep atad nalibmagnep kutnu nakanugrepid gnay renoiseuk idajnem

isik nupadA - renoiseuk isik :tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad


84

lebaT 9. isiK - aboC ijU haletes renoiseuK isik

kepsA rotakidnI romoNrenoiseuK halmuJ

kisiF gniylluB lukumeM ,7 83 ,53 3 gnadneneM ,5 ,71 /9 22 3

uhab nagned loggneyneM ,91 54 ,34 /43 3 kalameM ,11 24 2

leM gnarab nagned rapme 64 1 labreV gniylluB ikameM ,12 ,21 ,03 3

anihgneM ,1 ,81 ,6 72 4 nakuluj irebmeM ,01 84 ,04 ,63 4

huduneM 33 ,23 2 ikaroyneM ,3 ,8 2

kelejneM - nakkelej ,31 93 ,82 ,42 4 ridniyneM 74 ,13 /32 2

/latneM gniylluBsigolokisP

M sinis nagned gnadname ,61 ,92 ,52 73 4 naklicugneM 2 ,02 , 2

mumu naped id nakulamremeM 4 05 / , 44 2 nakmaidneM ,41 62 2

macnagneM ,51 94 /14 2 L A T O T 54

.E naitileneP naanaskaleP rudesorP

pahat halada ini tukireB - gnep malad hupmetid gnay pahat :atad nalupmu

.1 napaisreP

.a naitilenep lasoporp naujagnep nad naitilenep lasoporp nanusuyneP

.b meti nanusuyneP .renoiseuk meti nanusuynep nad lasoporp isiveR

hakgnal nakgnabmitrepmem renoiseuk - :tukireb iagabes hakgnal

)1 lenep lebairav nakisinifednem nad nakpateneM takgnit utiay ,naiti

ukalirep gniyllub nuhat atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis

.3102/2102 naraja

)2 .rotakidni nad kepsa malad ek naitilenep elbairav nakrabajneM


94

)3 naataynrep nusuyneM - nagned iauses renoiseuk meti naataynrep

.rotakidni nad kepsa

)4 nakukaleM duj trepxe tnemg .ilha arap adapek naitilenep renoiseuk

)5 atrakaygoY ocsoB sennaoJ PMS KB rotanidrooK ignubuhgneM

.naitilenep renoiseuk aboc iju nakukalem niji nagned tiakret

)6 IIIV salek awsis adap renoiseuk aboc iju nakanaskaleM

paH IIIV salek nad ytilibisnopseR ocsoB sennaoJ PMS ssenip

51 laggnat adap atrakaygoY - .3102 teraM 61

)7 .lexe margorp malad ek aboc iju atad irtnE

)8 satilibailer nad satidilav padahret aboc iju atad nagnutihgneP

.renoiseuk

)9 .atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS id naitilenep nakanaskaleM

.2 naanaskaleP ataD nalupmugneP

ieM 6 nad 4 laggnat adap nakanaskalid naitilenep renoiseuk naisigneP

gnaruk naitilenep renoiseuk isignem kutnu nakanugid gnay utkaW .3102

nad renoiseuk naisignep lawdaJ .narajalep maj utas uata tinem 04 hibel

apad nednopser halmuj adap tahilid t lebaT 01 .


05

lebaT 01 . nednopseR halmuJ nad naitileneP renoiseuK naisigneP lawdaJ

.oN laggnaT saleK halmuJridaH awsiS

awsiS halmuJridaH kadiT

.1 3102 ieM 4 nilpisiD IIIV 32 1

.2 3102 ieM 4 hisaK IIIV 12 1

.3 3102 ieM 6 sadreC IIV 62 1

.4 3102 ieM 6 rujuJ IIV 62 -

.5 3102 ieM 6 inareB XI 91 4

.6 3102 ieM 6 iridnaM XI 91 6 HALMUJ 431 31

.F ataD isilanA kinkeT

takgnit raseb aparebes iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid atad sisilanA

ukalirep gniyllub atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis 2102 naraja nuhat -

kinket halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT .3102

nakanugid gnay naisasirogetakgnep amroN .lanidro gnajnej naisasirogetakgnep

tapadreT .)941:2102( rawzA turunem naisasirogetakgnep amron adap namodepreb

nej agit ,hadner utiay ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay isasirogetak gnaj

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad isasirogetak amroN .iggnit nad ,gnades

lebaT 11 .

isasirogetaK nagnologgneP

metI rokS nagnutihgneP nagnareteK

X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X iggniT


15

:nagnareteK

X mumixam kitiroet : ataR - iggnitret latot roks atar

X muminim kitiroet : ataR - hadneret latot roks atar

σ : karaj saul utiay ,isaived radnatS

gnay nagnatner malad igabid 6 nautas

narabes isaived

µ :

atar utiay ,kiteroet naeM - siteroet atar

roks irad muminim nad mumiskam

it idajnem nakadebid tubesret isasirogetak ,ini naitilenep malaD g a

,naitilenep keybus isasirogetak nial aratna ,isasirogetak macam pait isasirogetak

macam pait nagnutihgneP .renoiseuk meti pait isasirogetak nad ,kepsa

:tukireb iagabes isasirogetak

.1 naitilenep keybus roks isasirogetaK

kutnu naujut nagned nakukalid naitilenep keybus roks isasirogetaK

nep keybus nakisakifisalkgnem halet gnay irogetak malad ek naitile

iggnit nakutnenem malad nakotap idajnem tubesret isasirogetaK .nakpatetid

ukalirep takgnit aynhadner gniyllub keybus isasirogetaK .naitilenep keybus

gabes )54 meti halmuj nagned( nagnutihrep iulalem helorepid naitilenep ia

:tukireb

081 = 54 x 4 : kitiroet mumiskam X

54 = 54 x 1 : kitiroet muminim X

081 : karaj sauL – 531 = 54

32 idajnem naktalubid 5,22 = 6 : 531 : )isaived radnats( σ


25

311 idajnem naktalubid 5,211 = 2 : )54+081( : )kitiroet naem( µ

tahilid tapad nagnutihgnep nakukalid haletes isasirogetak nautneneP

:ini hawab id lebat adap

lebaT 12. ogetakgneP r S naisasi naitileneP keybuS rok

metI rokS nagnutihgneP rokS nagnareteK

X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] 09 < hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] 09 - 31 5 gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X 631 ≤ iggniT

nakopmolekid naitilenep keybus atad roks halmuj ,naidumeK

b .sata id lebat adap tapadret gnay isasirogetak nagnologgnep adap namodepre

.2 kepsa pait roks isasirogetaK

kepsa pait roks nagnologgnep kutnu nakukalid kepsa isasirogetaK

kepsa iuhategnem anug - ukalirep kepsa gniyllub gnologret gnay ajas anam

s ,iggnit utiay ,agit idajnem igabid kepsa roks irogetaK .hadner nad ,gnade

kepsa isasirogetak nad ,labrev kepsa isasirogetak ,kisif kepsa isasirogetak

,labrev kepsa isasirogetak ,kisif kepsa isasirogetak amroN .sigolokisp /latnem

kisp /latnem kepsa isasirogetak nad turutreb araces sigolo - naksumurid turut

:tukireb iagabes

.a kisif kepsa isasirogetaK

elorepid kisif kepsa isasirogetaK nagned( nagnutihgnep iulalem h ∑

meti :tukireb )21=


35



84 : karaj sauL – = 21 63

6 = 6 : 63 : )isaived radnats( σ

03 = 2 : )21+84( : )kitiroet naem( µ



lebaT 31 . ogetakgneP r kisiF kepsA naisasi


X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] 42 < hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] 42 - 35 gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X 63 ≤ iggniT

.b labrev kepsa isasirogetaK

elorepid labrev kepsa isasirogetaK nagned( nagnutihgnep iulalem h ∑

meti :tukireb )12=

x 4 : kitiroet mumiskam X 48 = 12


48 : karaj sauL – 36 = 12

11 idajnem naktalubid 5 ,01 = 6 : 36 : )isaived radnats( σ

35 idajem naktalubid 5,25 = 2 : )12+48( : )kitiroet naem( µ




45

lebaT 14. ogetakgneP r labreV kepsA naisasi


X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] 24 < hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] 24 -63 gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X 46 ≤ iggniT

.c tnem kepsa isasirogetaK sigolokisp /la

helorepid labrev kepsa isasirogetaK nagned( nagnutihgnep iulalem ∑

meti =12 :tukireb )



84 : karaj sauL – 63 = 21

6 = 6 : 63 : )isaived radnats( σ

)21+84( : )kitiroet naem( µ 03 = 2 :



1 lebaT 5. ogetakgneP r sigolokisP /latneM kepsA naisasi


X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] 42 < hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] 42 - 35 gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X 63 ≤ iggniT


55

.3 renoiseuk meti pait roks isasirogetaK

meti paites askiremem anug nakukalid meti roks naisasirogetakgneP

nalusu nanusuynep rasad iagabes nakidajid kutnu naitilenep renoiseuk

helorepid naitilenep renoiseuk meti isasirogetaK .KB margorP nagnacnaR

:tukireb iagabes )431 meti halmuj nagned( nagnutihrep iulalem



635 : karaj sauL – 204 = 431

04 : )isaived radnats( σ 76 = 6 : 2

533 = 2 : )431+635( : )kitiroet naem( µ

tapad nagnutihgnep nakukalid haletes isasirogetak nautneneP

adap tahilid lebaT 61 ini tukireb .

1 lebaT 6. ogetakgneP r naitileneP renoiseuK metI rokS naisasi


X ≤ [µ- )σ(0,1 ] 862 < hadneR [µ- )σ(0,1 ] ≤ < X [ )σ(0,1+µ ] 862 - 04 1 gnadeS [ )σ(0,1+µ ] ≤ X 204 ≤ iggniT

nakkopmolekid naitilenep meti paites roks latot ,naidumeK

adap naksalejid halet gnay naisasirogetakgnep nakrasadreb aT 1 leb 6 rokS .

irogetak malad kusamret gnay meti gnades iagabes nakidajid naka hadner nad

nataubmep malad rasad kipot nalusu - laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot .


65

VI BAB NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

ukalirep takgnit utiay naitilenep halasam sata nabawaj sahabmem ini baB

gniyllub atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis T nuha A 2102 naraj - .3102

.A naitileneP lisaH

.1 ukalireP takgniT gniylluB ekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS nuhaT atrakaygoY ,m

2102 narajA - 3102

takgnit iggnit aparebes iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP

ukalirep gniyllub atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis T nuha A naraj

2102 - nad naitilenep atad nahalo lisah nakrasadreB .3102

let gnay naisasirogetakgnep iuhatekid ,aynmulebes bab adap nakukalid ha

ukalirep takgnit naitilenep lisah awhab gniyllub suisinaK PMS awsis

atrakaygoY ,mekaP T nuha A 2102 naraj - :tukireb iagabes halada 3102

1 lebaT 7. ukalireP takgniT gniylluB

nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS 2102 narajA - 3102

rokSnaisasirogetakgneP

halmuJkejbuS )%( esatnesorP nagnareteK

09 < 69 % 06.17 hadneR 09 - 631 43 % 04.52 gnadeS

31 7 > 4 % 00.3 iggniT

nakijasid ini tukireB gnatab margaid narabmag helorepmem raga

gnatnet pakgnel hibel ukalirep takgnit gniyllub suisinaK PMS awsis

atrakaygoY ,mekaP T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102 :


75

.1 margaiD ukalireP takgniT gniylluB

S atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsi T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102

nakrasadreB T leba 17 nad 1 margaiD iuhatekid tapad s rok

ukalirep naialinep gniyllub awsis 69 halada ini naitilenep keybus

)%06.17( kusamret malad ukalirep irogetak gniyllub gnologret gnay

)%04.52( awsis 43 ,hadner kusamret malad ukalirep irogetak gniyllub

gnologret gnay is 4 nad ,gnades )%00.3( aws kusamret malad irogetak

ukalirep gniyllub gnologret gnay .iggnit naitilenep lisah narapamep iraD

ukalirep takgnit awhab nalupmisek kiratid tapad tubesret gniyllub awsis

atrakaygoY mekaP suisinaK PMS T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102 kusamret

rogetak malad .%06.17 rasebes utiay ,hadner i

.2 renoiseuK kepsA nagnologgneP ukalireP gniylluB suisinaK PMS awsiS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP - 3102

ukalirep kepsa irogetaK gniyllub s ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsi

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY - 3102 malad nakijasid 1 lebaT 8 :ini tukireb

%06.17

%00.3

%04.62


85

lebaT 18. gneP nagnolog renoiseuK kepsA ukalireP gniylluB

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS - 3102

kepsA rokSnaisasirogetakgneP

halmuJkejbuS

latoTkejbuS

esatnesorP)%( nagnareteK

kepsAkisiF

42 < 111 431

% 38.28 R hadne 42 - 63 02 % 39.41 gnadeS

3 > 7 3 % 42.2 iggniT

kepsAlabreV

24 < 89 431

% 41.37 hadneR 24 - 46 13 % 31.32 gnadeS

6 > 5 5 % 37.3 iggniT

kepsAsigolokisP

42 < 301 431

% 68.67 hadneR 42 - 63 03 % 93.22 deS gna

3 > 7 1 % 57.0 iggniT

A pakgnel hibel narabmag helorepmem rag , b nakijasid ini tukire

gnatab margaid gnatnet ukalirep takgnit gniyllub suisinaK PMS awsis

atrakaygoY ,mekaP T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102 :kepsa paites nakrasadreb

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

kisiF kepsA labreV kepsA sigolokisP kepsA

hadneR

gnadeS

iggniT

.2 margaiD

ukalireP renoiseuK kepsA nagnologgneP gniylluB S atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsi T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102


95

p gnatab margaid nad lebat nakrasadreB naisasirogetakgne kepsa

p renoiseuk ukalire b gniyllu s atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsi

2102 narajA nuhaT - 3102 awsis 111 tapadret awhab iuhatekid tapad

)%38.28( adap adareb hadner irogetak ukalirepreb malad gniyllub , 02

)%39.41( awsis adap adareb irogetak ukalirepreb malad gnades gniyllub ,

)%42.2( awsis 3 nad adap adareb irogetak lad iggnit ukalirepreb ma

gniyllub ukalirep takgnit ,kisif kepsa nagned adebreB . gniyllub kepsa adap

hadner gnologret )%41.37( awsis 89 nagned iggnit hibel tikides labrev

ukalirepreb malad gniyllub )%31.32( awsis 13 , gnologret malad gnades

ukalirepreb gniyllub 5 nad )%37.3( awsis gnologret malad iggnit

ukalirepreb gniyllub ukalirep takgnit nakgnadeS . gniyllub kepsa adap

hadner irogetak kusamret )%68.67( awsis 301 tapadret latnem /sigolokisp

ukalirepreb malad gniyllub gnades irogetak kusamret )%93.22( awsis 03 ,

b malad ukalirepre gniyllub irogetak malad kusamret )%57.0( awsis 1 nad ,

iggnit ukalirepreb malad gniyllub .

.3 ukalireP renoiseuK metI nagnologgneP gniylluB suisinaK PMS awsiS

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP - 3102

d meti naisasirogetakgnep nagnutihgnep nakrasadreB nagne

( rawzA airetirk nakanuggnem )941:2102 gnay meti roks naktapadid

gnologret gnay metI .iggnit nad ,gnades ,hadner irogetak malad kusamret

malad nakanugid naka gnay meti halada iggnit nad gnades irogetak

kipot nanusuynep - .nagnibmib kipot meti irogetaK -i renoiseuk met ukalirep


06

gniyllub awsis narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis

2102 - 3102 malad nakijasid T leba 81 tukireb iagabes :

lebaT 19. nagnologgneP metI renoiseuK ukalireP gniylluB

2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS - 3102

rokSnaisasirogetakgneP metI halmuJ )%( esatnesorP nagnareteK

862 < X 14 % 11.19 hadneR X < 862 204 ≤ 4 % 98.8 gnadeS 204 ≤ X 0 % 00.0 iggniT

meti isasirogetaK ukalirep takgnit gnatnet renoiseuk gniyllub tapad

id tahil malad margaid gnatab iagabes :tukireb

.3 margaiD ukalireP renoiseuK metI nagnologgneP gniylluB

S atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsi T nuha A 2102 naraj - 3102

lebaT gnatab margaid nad tapadret awhab nakujnunem sata id

11.19 uata % 14 y meti ,hadner irogetak malad kusamret gna 98.8 4 uata %

11.19 %

%98.8

%00.0


16

nad gnades irogetak malad kusamret meti 0.0 uata % ada kadit meti gnay

.iggnit irogetak malad kusamret meti 4 tapadret awhab tahilid tapad ,idaJ

des gnologret gnay meti uti anerak helo ,gnades gnologret gnay naka gna

kipot nataubmep kutnu rasad iagabes nakidajid - rituB .nagnibmib kipot

adap tahilid tapad gnades gnologret gnay meti lebaT 02 :ini hawab id

lebaT 02 .

metI - renoiseuK meti ukalireP gniylluB 2102 narajA nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsiS -2 310

gnadeS irogetaK kusamreT gnay

kepsA rotakidnI metI romoNmetI rokS

gniylluB labreV anihgneM

anihgnem ayaS gnay ayas namet

hodob 1 072

gniylluB labreV ikameM

namet ikamem ayaSatak nagned ayas -

rotok atak 21 172

gniylluB labreV

kelejneM -nakkelej

yaS kelejnem a - naigab nakkelej

ayas namet hubut ,katob ,kesep“ itrepes

”gnonon

42 072

gniylluB labreV

irebmeMnakuluj

irebmem ayaS ayas namet nakuluj

atak nagned - atak itrepes fitagen

,tuhdneg ,gnirkgnuc“”kolbog

84 892

.B nasahabmeP

tilenep nakukalem lawa adaP nep ,nai itile awhab naagud ikilimem ukalirep

gniyllub 2102 naraja nuhat atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis adap - 3102


26

ukalirep awhab nakujnunem naitilenep lisah adap ipatet nakA .iggnit gnologret

gnyillub a nuhat atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis adap 2102 naraj - 3102

nakujnunem ini naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB .hadner irogetak malad kusamret

ukalirep isakidni aynada gniyllub gnologret halokes nagnukgnil id nakukalid gnay

.hadner tapad naisasirogetakgnep roks nagnutihgnep lisah nakrasadreB

ab naklupmisid ukalirep taggnit awh gniyllub mekaP suisinaK PMS awsis

atrakaygoY T nuha A 2102 naraj - akgna adap tapadret utiay ,hadner gnologret 3102

irogetak takgnit adap nakgnadeS .%06.17 gnades nad iggnit turutreb araces - turut

.%00.3 nad %04.52 akgna adap tapadret

deS kepsa naisasirogetakgnep lisah nakrasadreb nakgna - kepsa ,gniyllub

araces iggnitret roks nagned sigolokisp kepsa nad ,kisif kepsa ,labrev kepsa

turutreb - ,%37.3 utiay turut % 42.2 nad , % 57.0 tapad naikimed nagneD .

sa nakapurem labrev kepsa awhab naklupmisid ukalirep kep gniyllub roks nagned

.sigolokisp kepsa nad kisif kepsa nagned nakgnidnabid iggnitret gnay gniylluB

nad ,urug ,takaraysam helo hemer paggnaid gnires gnamem labrev kutneb malad

nad akitekes isakifitnediret kadit ayntabika anerak dirum aut gnaro kapmat kadit

.gnusgnal araces

irad fitagen kefE gniyllub araces isakifitnediret kadit gnamem labrev

irad fitagen kefe anerak gnusgnal gniyllub sikisp isis adap gnareynem hibel labrev

nabrok tafiS .nabrok latnem nad gniyllub nad ,hamel ,maidnep tagnas gnay aynah

ukalep nakraibmem gniyllub mem surenem suret - yllub nakbabeynem naka aynirid

ukalirep gniyllub asarem nabrok gnas aggnih itneh apnat gnusgnalreb suret

.tareb gnay iserped imalagnem nakhab nad ,naketret


36

gnay kidid atreseP kusamret malad irep irogetak ukal gniyllub hadner

nakadnit nakukalem kadit akerem awhab itrareb - nakisakidnignem gnay nakadnit

ukalirep aynada gniyllub naluagrep nagnukgnil nupuam halokes nagnukgnil id

rilaynisid halet aguj hadner irogetak malad gnologret gnay kidid atreseP .akerem

am amases nagned tabahasreb gnay pakis nakgnabmegnem nad iaynupmem upm

adap haragnem gnurednec gnay ukalirep nakukalem kadit nagned namet

imalagnem gnades gnay amases padahret itapme asar iaynupmem nad nasarekek

gret gnay kidid atresep nakgnadeS .naatirednep nad gnades irogetak malad gnolo

irahes napudihek malad id awhab nakadnanem iggnit - tapadret akerem irah

ukalirep /nakadnit adap haragnem gnay ukalirep isakidni gniyllub ini lah malaD .

ad gnades irogetak malad kusamret gnay kidid atresep awhab nakatakid asib n

ukalep uata nad nolac nakapurem iggnit .gniyllub gnologret gnay kidid atreseP

nakulremem gnay kidid atresep kusamret ini iggnit nad gnades irogetak malad

aut gnaro nupuam halokes kahip irad nikgnum aregeses nanagnanep nad naitahrep

.akerem

ukaleP niyllub g akerem raga gnayas hisak nad nahara nakulremem

ukaleP .nial gnaro nakigurem tapad aynukalirep awhab radas nad itregnem

gniyllub ada gnay itapme asar nakgnabmegnem asib kutnu nakradasid surah

ukalirep babes ,aynirid malad gniyllub lep gnas anerak idajret asib kadit uka

naadebrep amirenem - ukaleP .ada gnay naadebrep gniyllub naitahrep nakulremem

kutnu nanagnanep malad nikgnum aregeses lamitpo gnay nautnab atres susuhk

ukalirep hagecnem nad ignarugnem gniyllub .harap nikames


46

akgnasret“ gnas ukalirep alibapA ” gniyllub naka ajas nakraibid patet

ukalep is irid igab fitagen kefe nad kapmad naklubminem gniyllub kapmaD .

ukalep igab fitagen gniyllub ukalirep irad lubmitid tapad gnay gniyllub utiay

ukalep gniyllub al gnaro naatirednep padahret fitisnes kadit idajnem idajnem ,ni

nakgnabmegnem tapad kadit ,itapme nad itapmis ikilimem kadit gnay idabirp

nakukalem nagneD .laisos itna gnay idabirp idajnem atres ,tahes gnay nagnubuh

,gniyllub ukalep gnas( kidid atresep gniyllub aynirid awhab paggnagnem )

y nataukek iaynupmem id nagnukgnil /naadaek adap huragnepreb nad iggnit gna

utiay ,)27:6002( osoroloC tapadnep nagned nalajes sata id naiarU .aynratikes

ukalep gniyllub ukalep iagabes rotka idajnem pakgnarepret naka gniyllub akerem ,

ahes gnay napudihek nakgnabmegnem asib kadit kutnu pakac gnaruk ,t

aynirid awhab paggnagnem ,nial fitkepsrep irad nahalasamrep utaus gnadnamem

gnay asam id aynlaisos nagnubuh alop ihuragnepmem aggnihes iakusid nad tauk

.gnatad naka

ukalirep aynrasad adaP gniyllub gnay nasarekek nakadnit nakapurem

id gnaro( nabrok gnas padahret gnaro kopmolekes nupuam gnaroeses helo nakukal

gnay utkaw akgnaj malad ajagnes araces uata nad nagned nakukalid gnay )nial

gnalureb - ukalirep aynasaiB .gnalu gniyllub kutnu naujut nagned nakukalid

p iracnem ,naasaukek naktapadnem naktapadnem ,nial gnaro irad naitahre

latnem nakhutajnem radekes uata ,tauk aynirid awhab nial gnaro irad naukagnep

nabrok gnas gniyllub .

gnaro kopmolekes uata gnaroeses nakbabeynem gnay rotkaf kaynaB

ukalirep nakukalem gniyllub trepeS .nial gnaro padahret kahip irad tapadnep i


56

ukalirep nakukalem kana kopmolekes uata gnaroes apagnem gnatnet aut gnaro

gniyllub :nial aratna )61:8002 ,AWIJES( nahitalep haubes malad risgnalid gnay

nabrok idajnem hanrep kana anerak ,gniyllub ,aynisnetsiske nakujnunem nigni

nigni ,aynirid nagnarukek putunem ,satiroines ,isivelet nagnayat huragnep ,iukaid

id rasak naukalrep tapadnem gnires ,gnesi ,madned salab ,naitahrep iracnem

namet irad nad hamur - tuki nad lanekret nigni ,namet - .nial gnay nagned natuki

naataynrep nagned nalajeS kana ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf gnatnet - kana

gnaroes idajnem ,yllub gnay fitatilauk lisah naktapadnem aguj ini naitilenep

gnay lanretske nad lanretni rotkaf macam iagabreb gnatnet naktubeynem

ukalep idajnem kana ihuragnepmem .gniyllub f utiay lanretni rotkaF gnay rotka

naupmamkaditek anerak idajret tubesret lah aynasaiB .kana irid malad irad lasareb

rajaleb sesorp ,uti nialeS .nagnukgnil nagned isatpadareb nakukalem kana gnaroes

ukalirep nakukalem kana apagnem nasala utas nakapurem aguj halas gnay

.gniyllub eS irid raul irad lasareb gnay rotkaf nakapurem lanretske rotkaf nakgnad

alop ,ayabes namet irad huragnep ,ratikes nagnukgnil irad huragnep itrepes ,kana

.ayniagabes nial nad aut gnaro kidid

rotkaf ,pakgnel araceS - nakukalem malad kana ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

ukalirep gniyllub ini naitilenep renoiseuk malad akubret naaynatrep nagned iauses

:tukireb iagabes

.1 .asawed gnaro naihalekrep tahileM

ukaleP gniyllub ukalirep nakukalem raseb nanikgnumek gniyllub radekes

agnukgnil id tahil akerem hanrep gnay apa ignalugnem .akerem ratikes n


66

nakukalem akereM gniyllub gnay naihalekrep tahilem hanrep akerem anerak

gnaro helo nakukalid - .asawed hibel gnay gnaro

.2 .agraulek nad ratikes nagnukgnil huragnepreT

nagnabmekrep igab nakutnenem tagnas gnay huragnep nakirebmem agrauleK

abirp kana id - kana naaidabirpek nad ,retkarak ,kataw agraulek malad iD .kana

hineb tapadret hadus agraulek malad id alib ,ipatet nakA .kutnebid ialum -

naka akerem nitaB .aynnabrok idajnem naka gnay kana is nahaceprep hineb

ebmusreB .atirednem tagnas nad naketret ukalirep haluti irad r gniyllub

,aynimalaid gnay nitab atired nakapulem kutnU .idajret idajret nad lucnum

aynnamet adap sativiserga nad naharamek nagned naksaipmalem akerem

.hamel hibel gnay

.3 nial gnaro irad naukagnep nad naitahrep tapadnem ragA

utas halaS nakukalem awsis apagnem nasala idajnem gnires gnay rotkaf

ukalirep ,gniyllub naitahrep naktapadnem akerem raga halada aynutas halas

nagned tubesid gnires ini itrepes anemoneF .nial gnaro irad naukagep nad

,beirtsgnutlreG ep naktapadnem kutnu nagnorod utiay gnay hibel naukagn

raul ainus irad kaynab hibel gnay naitahrep atnimem anug ,tauk tagnas

.)501:6002 ,onotraK(

.4 tukI - .satimrofnok /namet nakaynabek natuki

kusamret gnay asawed gnaro nagned adebreb kadit ajamer ,aynrasad adaP

s kulhkam iagabeS .laisos kulhkam kutnu nagnorod ikilimem ajamer ,laiso

nagned nagnubuh nilajnem malaD .amases nagned nagnubuh nakadagnem

nakaynabek urinem nakadnit nakukalem ilak gnires ajamer ,ayabes namet


76

nakapurem iridnes uti satimrofnoK .)satimrofnok( kopmolek utas namet

eses nakadnit gnaro nakaynabek pakis /nakadnit /ukalirep irinem malad gnaro

aparebeb anerak nakukalid satimrofnok ,ini lah malaD .)67:5991 ,sraeS( nial

aynutas halas ,babes utas namet irad naalec iradnihgnem ajamer anerak

d naruta itukignem kadit akerem alibapa kopmolek gnay naasaibek na

.kopmolek malad nakukalid ukalirep nakukalem ajamer nasala utas halaS

gniyllub namet helo amiretid akerem raga utiay - aynkopmolek maladid namet

ukalirep nakidajnem gnay gniyllub .naasaibek nad satinitur utaus iagabes

.5 .isome nasaipmaleP

heK lanoisaler nagnubuh adap huragnepreb tagnas kana lanoisome napudi

utaus anerak narikip nad naasarep nanaket rotkaF .ayabes namet nagned kana

kadelem gnay naasarep naklubminem naka halasam - kadit kana aggnih kadel

ksaipmalem nad akerem isome lortnognem tapad gnay nial gnaro adap aynna

nabrok iagabes halada nial kadit gniyllub .iridnes uti

.6 .tenretni nad ,oediv ,mlif ,isivelet nagnayaT

tagnas kinortkele asam aidem ,ini gnarakes nredom takaraysam malaD

nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutrep padahret nakifingis huragnepreb idabirp

nakhuguynem kaynab tenretni nad ,oediv ,mlif ,isiveleT .kana gnaroes

nageda - ukalirep nageda gniyllub tapad ini itrepes gnay aidem nagnayaT .

kana isaripsnignem - ukalirep nakitkarpmem kutnu kana gniyllub malad

irahes naluagrep - .irah

.C kipoT nalusU - ipoT idabirP nagnibmiB k - laisoS


86

ukalireP takgniT“ ianegnem naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB gniylluB awsiS

nuhaT atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS A 2102 naraj - itilenep akam ,”3102

tubesret fitakilpmi kapmaD .naitilenep lisah fitakilpmi kapmad helorepmem

nalusu apureb kipot - kipoT .laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot - nagnibmib kipot

nad nagnibmib margorp rasad nanayal nenopmok malad gnologret laisos idabirp

.fisneherpmok gnilesnok

turuneM antayirpuS ( )76:1102 l nautnab nanayal nakapurem rasad nanaya

iulalem awsis hurules igab nataigek - gnay salek raul id nupuam salek nataigek

nakgnabmegnem awsis utnabmem akgnar malad sitametsis araces nakijasid

.lamitpo araces aynirid isnetop atresep utnabmem kutnu rasad nanayal naujuT

/naradasek ikilimem kidid atresep raga kidid tnet namahamep nad irid gna

aynnagnukgnil , isakifitnedignem kutnu nalipmaretek nakgnabmegnem upmam

nagned aynirid igab tapet ukalirep takgnarepes uata bawaj gnuggnat

aynnagnukgnil , aynhalasam nad nahutubek ihunemem uata inagnanem upmam ,

atres aynirid nakgnabmegnem upmam naujut iapacnem kutnu akgnar malad

.aynpudih

nakrasadreB gnep isasirogetak na meti - meti ukalirep gniyllub hadus gnay

nakrapapid naitilenep lisah naigab adap tapadret , tapme malad kusam gnay meti

isasirogetak gnades eK . tapme irogetak malad kusamret gnay meti gnades tubesret

ukalirep aynada isakidniret gniyllub ,mekaP suisinaK PMS halokes nagnukgnil id

tubesret gnades irogetak malad gnologret gnay meti tapmeeK .atrakaygoY

rasad idajnem kipot nanusuynep naksumurem kutnu - nagnibmib kipot idabirp

laisos .tapet gnay


96

atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS KB urug iaynupmem kadit , akam

kipot - nagnibmib kipot laisos idabirp salek urug helo nakanugid tapad ini malad

nakparetid tapad gnay irid nagnabmegnep nataum nakisatnamelpmignem akgnar

jalep atam iagabreb narajalebmep malad .tiakret gnay nara kipot ,uti nialeS - kipot

nagnibmib laisos idabirp malad nakirebmem malad nakanugid tapad ini

kipoT .halokes alapek nupuam salek ilaw helo nakanaskalid gnay nagnibmib -

d nakijasid ,itilenep helo naklusuid gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot mala

2 lebaT 1.


07

2 lebaT 1. kipot nalusU - ukalirep hagecnem kutnu naveler gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot gniyllub

atrakaygoY ,mekaP suisinaK PMS id hadner gnologret gnay renoiseuk ritub nakrasadreb

oN metI naujuT kipoT gnadiBnagnibmiB edoteM utkaW rebmuS

1 anihgnem ayaS gnay ayas namet

hodob

asar nakgnabmegneM irid adap itapme

raga kidid atresep tapad kidid atresep

gnay apa nakasarem gnaro helo nakasarid

nial

itapmE idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,

t ayna j bawa ,r iskelfe

PJ 2

nimA awiJ iameS nasayaY i .8002 .)AWIJES( gniylluB

iD nasarekeK isatagneM ratikeS nagnukgniL nad halokeS

.kanA .odnisarG :atrakaJ

atresep nakirebmeM kutnu gnaulep kidid

nakgnabmegnem nalipmaretek

araces nakragnednem nad fitka

nakisakinumokgnemitapme

imahameM naasarep

gnaro nial

idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,


PJ 2

,refinneJ nad neleH ,eiwoC .9002 .nwaD nanagnaneP

halokeS iD nasarekeK halokeS pukgniL natakedneP

kiabreT kitkarP iapacneM kutnu ..skednI :atrakaJ

2 ikamem ayaS

nagned ayas nametatak - ok atak rot

asar nakgnabmegneM irid adap itapme

raga kidid atresep tapad kidid atresep

gnay apa nakasarem gnaro helo nakasarid

nial

itapmE idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,


PJ 2

inimA awiJ iameS nasayaY .8002 .)AWIJES( gniylluBarekeK isatagneM iD nas

ratikeS nagnukgniL nad halokeS .kanA .odnisarG :atrakaJ


17

oN meti oN naujuT kipoT gnadiBnagnibmiB edoteM utkaW rebmuS

2 ikamem ayaS

nagned ayas nametatak - rotok atak

atresep gnorodneM hibel kutnu kidid

nad ilanegnem isome imahamem

kerem nagnarorep a

keleMisome

idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,

t ayna j bawa , ,isuksid

r iskelfe

PJ 2

,refinneJ nad neleH ,eiwoC .9002 .nwaD nanagnaneP

halokeS iD nasarekeK halokeS pukgniL natakedneP

kitkarP iapacneM kutnukiabreT .skednI :atrakaJ .

3

kelejnem ayaS -b nakkelej naiga

ayas namet hubut ,kesep“ itrepes

”gnonon ,katob

nakirebmeM atresep kidid kutnu

nad nakgnabmegnem nakhubmunem

naupmamek malad iagrahgnem nakinuek

.nial gnaro

gnilaSiagrahgnem

idabirPlaisoS

,mliF notnoN hamareC

takgnis , t ayna j bawa ,

,isuksidr elfe isk

PJ 2

”maS ma I“ mliF imahameM ,.jD.H.R ,taruniS

ialin - pudih malad ialin hailuK ataM tatkiD(

,)kopmoleK akimaniD atanaS PIKI :atrakaygoY

.1991 ,amrahD nakmananeM tesniam

kidid atresep padahret idabirp paites awhab nakinuek iaynupmem

gnisam - gnisam

rP idabikinu gnay

idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,


r iskelfe

PJ 2




.1991 ,amrahD

4

irebmem ayaSmet nakuluj ayas na


,gnirkgnuc“”kolbog ,tuhdneg

nakirebmeM atresep kidid kutnu

nad nakgnabmegnem nakhubmunem

naupmamek malad gnaro iagrahgnem

.nial

gnilaSiagrahgnem

idabirPlaisoS

,mliF notnoN hamareC

takgnis , t ayna j bawa ,

,isuksidr iskelfe

PJ 2




.1991 ,amrahD


27

oN meti oN naujuT kipoT gnadiBnagnibmiB edoteM utkaW rebmuS

4

irebmem ayaS ayas namet nakuluj


,gnirkgnuc“”kolbog ,tuhdneg

nakgnabmegneM atresep isnarelot pakis

tapad aggnihes kidid nad imahamem

nagnarukek amirenemnial gnaro irid

isnareloT idabirPlaisoS

hamareCtakgnis ,


r iskelfe

PJ 2

nasayaY inimA awiJ iameS .8002 .)AWIJES( gniylluB

iD nasarekeK isatagneM ratikeS nagnukgniL nad halokeS

.kanA .odnisarG :atrakaJ


37

2 lebaT 2. kipot nalusU - ukalirep hagecnem kutnu naveler gnay laisos idabirp nagnibmib kipot gniyllub

aP suisinaK PMS id atrakaygoY ,mek ukalirep babeynep rotkaf sisilana nakrasadreb gniyllub

oN babeyneP rotkaF naujuT kipoT gnadiBnagnibmiB edoteM utkaW rebmuS

1 :lanretskE rotkaFitaH irI

nikames awsiS lanegnem

nad aynnahibelek.aynirid iagrahgnem

naamirenePiriD

idabirPS laiso

puorGscimanyd ,

gnirahs nad , laitneirepxe

gninrael

PJ 2

.2002 ,.J .R ,skciW fleS - rof eraC umiriD halihisaK :yaD yrevE

.iraH ek irah irad :atrakaygoY .suisinaK

.9991 ,.G .C ,sellaV ot egaruoC irid idajneM inareB :flesyM eb

M ikilimeM( 1 ukub ,iridneS asa asaM nakkanijneM( 2 ,)uapmaL taaS itayahgneM( 3 nad ,)napeD

.)gnarakeS .suisinaK :atrakaygoY

2 :lanretnI rotkaF madneD naasareP

nikames awsiS tahilem upmam

araces nahalasamrep.fitkeybo

ipadahgneMhalasaM

idabirPlaisoS

puorGscimanyd ,

gnirahs nad ,xe laitneirep

gninrael

PJ 2

.)2002( .naiT ,notyaD yM s’tIajameR tauB sulP yraiD :efiL .

AFIAK :gnudnaB .)7991( .J .R ,nnamledE

:kroW ta stcilfnoC lanosrepretnI tapmeT id lanosrepretnI kilfnoK

ajreK .suisinaK :atrakaygoY . ,)4991( ,.G ,trenheorK 001

G gniniarT ,ema kooB lliH.yendyS ,ailartsuA ynapmoC

.)2002( .MM .srD .M ,gnanaN.01 ludoM :anasauS aniB :atrakaJ

agrauleK nalupmukreP( IBKP.)aisenodnI anacnereB


47

oN babeyneP rotkaF naujuT kipoT gnadiBnagnibmiB edoteM utkaW rebmuS

3

:lanretnI rotkaF kutnu tagnameS

gnaro iasaugnemnial

nikames awsiS nilajnem upmam

gnay natabahasrep tukat kadit nad tahes

.namet ihuajid natabahasreP idabirP

laisoS

puorGscimanyd ,


gninrael

PJ 2

.0991 .J ,ardnahC pudiH .niaL gnarO amasreB.suisinaK :atrakaygoY

.0991 .B ,oyodnaH nad tekitE .naluagreP :atrakaygoY

.suisinaK .7991 .W ,osradiW taiK

.luagreB seskuS :atrakaygoY .suisinaK

4 :lanretnI rotkaF hadner naasareP

irid

nikames awsiS upmam

isakifitnedignem nad nahibelek

aggnihes ,aynnataukekiagrahgnem nikames

.aynirid

naradayneP asaRaggnaB

idabirPlaisoS

puorGscimanyd ,


gninrael

PJ 2

.3991 .luaP.J itneC apagneMiriD hadneR :atrakaygoY .

.suisinaK .3891 .xelA ,runaL

iriD nakumeneM ..suisinaK :atrakaygoY

.0002 .neB ,ayadnaHgneP urugreB namala

naseskuseK umetreB ..suisinaK :atrakaygoY


57

V BAB PUTUNEP

adaP nalupmisek nakijasid naka ini bab nad naitilenep lisah naras - naras

halokes id gnilesnok nad nagnibmib nataigek padahret .

.A nalupmiseK

kiratid tapad ,naitilenep lisah nasahabmep nad naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB

iagabes nalupmisek :tukireb

.1 ukalirep awhab nakujnunem ini naitilenep lisaH gniyllub suisinaK PMS id

mekaP atrakaygoY T nuha A 2102 naraj - gnologret 3102 irogetak malad hadner ,

.%06.17 esatnesorp akgna iapacnem utiay

.2 da isakifitnediret gnay naitilenep nemurtsni meti 4 tapadreT ukalirep ayna

gniyllub mekaP suisinaK PMS id awsis helo nakukalid gnay atrakaygoY T nuha

A 2102 naraj - 3102 atar anerak - irogetak malad gnologret meti paites roks atar

.%98.8 akgna naiapac nagned ,gnades

.B naraS

naras nakakumekid ini tukireB - kahip igab naras - hip iauses tiakret gnay ka

naitilenep lisah nagned .

.1 mekaP suisinaK PMS halokeS alapeK

.a awhab nakpakgnugnem gnay naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB aynada

ukalirep isakidni gniyllub mekaP suisinaK PMS id atrakaygoY naka ,

s iaynupmem halokes alibapa kiab hibel idajnem anug KB urug gnaroe

margorp taubmem - aynada hagecnem kutnu tafisreb gnay margorp

kitkarp - ukalirep kitkarp gniyllub .kidid atresep nagnalakid


67

.b itna margorp nakeynapmakgneM - gniyllub .halokes id

.c nad sawagnep iagabes isgnuf nakparenem suret nad agajnem pateT

mep ukalirep ignaremem malad anib gniyllub .halokes id

.2 uruG nawayraK fatS nad suisinaK PMS

.a nad nakatpicnem kutnu upmam nakparahid nawayrak fats nad uruG

ialin nakkagenem nagned halokes milki haubes nakrubuynem - ialin

em gnilas ,bawaj gnuggnat ,isnarelot ,kepser malad itapme nad ,iagrahgn

rajaleb nataigek - .halokes nagnukgnil id rajagnem

.b nugnabmem malad isapisitrapreb nakparahid nawayrak fats nad uruG

ukalirep ianegnem isamrofni irebmem nad isakinumok gniyllub adapek

.kidid atresep

.c em nawayrak atres urug nakparahiD itna margorp igab ledom idajn -

gniyllub .nakididnep nagnukgnil id

.3 kidiD atreseP auT gnarO

.a naktasumem ,agraulek atoggna amasreb utkaw halmuj habmaneM

.gnayas hisak asar hunep nagned kana tanim adap naitahrep

.b t aynhunepes gnayas hisak nad naitahrep nakirebmeM padahre

,kisif araces kiab nagnabmekrep iges alages irad kana nagnabmekrep

.laisos nupuam ,sikisp

.c itnA margorP“ nakeynapmakgnem utnabmem atres turuT - gniylluB ”

ukalirep raga saul takaraysam adapek gniyllub nikames irah nikames

.gnarukreb


77

.4 nial itileneP

kipot nagned naitilenep nakukalem nigni gnay nial itilenep igaB

ukalireP ,gniylluB :nakparahid

.a kipot nagned tiakret gnay naitilenep nakgnabmegnem upmaM gniyllub

.fitairavreb hibel gnay

.b nahagecnep igab gnusgnal kapmadreb tapad gnay naitilenep nakukaleM

ukalirep .gniyllub tiakret naitilenep nakukalem nagned aynlasiM

ukalirep gniyllub margorp nataubmep nad - isatagnem kutnu margorp

nabrok nad ukalep .gniyllub


87

AKATSUP RATFAD

.8002 .onteR ynnoP ,itutsA isatagneM fitkefE araC 3 :gniylluB madereM .kanA adap nasarekeK odnisarG :atrakaJ .

.6002 .R ,saytgninuyA iggniT urtsuJ halokeS id kanA adaP nasarekeK ,sinorI .

[ :aidesreT /119046/126561/12/70/6002/daer/moc.tropskited.a6tkj//:ptthsinori/01 - adapnasarekek - kana - id - halokes - 90/20/12/iggniturtsuj ] hudnuid

laggnat 2102 sutsugA 01 .

wzA .3102 .nidufiaS ,ra .naitileneP edoteM rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

102 .nidufiaS ,rawzA 2. .2 .dE sigolokisP alakS nanusuyneP akatsuP :atrakaygoYrajaleP .

.1102 .nidufiaS ,rawzA .3 .dE satidilaV nad satilibaileR akatsuP :atrakaygoY

rajaleP .

ufiaS ,rawzA .7002 .nid 2 .dE aisunaM pakiS .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

.1102 .anoM alieL ,meinaG nad dammahuM ,antayduB ratnA isakinumoK iroeT .idabirP puorG aideM adanerP anacneK :atrakaJ .

.7002 .arabraB ,osoroloC rad kanA nasarekeK iatnaR sutumeM :gniylluB potS i

.UMS aggnih halokeS arP .ibmareS :atrakaJ

.9002 .nwaD ,refinneJ nad neleH ,eiwoC halokeS iD nasarekeK nanagnaneP kiabreT kitkarP iapacneM kutnu halokeS pukgniL natakedneP :atrakaJ .

.skednI

.9002 .atimseD .kidiD atreseP nagnabmekreP igolokisP R :gnudnaB ajame.ayrakadsoR

nahcruF .4002 .feirA , d naitileneP ratnagneP nakididneP mala :atrakaygoY .

rajaleP akatsuP .

.1102 .M ,llehctiM nad L .R ,nosbiG 7 .dE gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB ..rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY

.6002 .initraK ,onotraK akaneK :2 laisoS igolotaP ajameR nal :atrakaJ .

.adasreP odnifarGajaR


97

.2891 .idnA ,eraippaM ajameR igolokisP lanoisaN ahasU :ayabaruS . .

.I ,odjisaM .5991 id awsiS rajaleB lisaH naiapacneP naialineP halokeS .suisinaK :atrakaygoY.

9002 .ikuzraM nad ,nawanuG ,nahruB ,orotnayigruN . kutnu napareT akitsitatSumlI naitileneP - laisoS umlI .sserP ytisrevinU adaM hajdaG :atrakaygoY .

.3991 .D ,suewlO .loohcS ta gniylluB .gnihsilbuP llewkcalB :drofxO

.6002 .M ruhtrA ,enroH nad alemaP ,saniprO a gnitaerC noitneverP gniylluB

loohcS evitisoP .ecnetepmoC laicoS gnipoleveD dna etamilC notgnihsaW.noitaicossA lacigolohcysP naciremA :CD

.4891 .irtsaluS irS ylleM ,iafiR igeS iraD ajameR nagnabmekreP igolokisP

.laisoS napudiheK .araskA aniB :gnudnaB

.7002 .W nhoJ ,kcortnaS .1 diliJ 11 .dE ajameR .aggnalrE :atrakaJ

.7002 .nawariW otilraS ,onowraS .ajameR igolokisP :atrakaJ odnifarGajaRadasreP .

.5991 .ennA .L ,ualpeP nad ,.L nahtanoJ ,namdeerF ,.O divaD ,sraeS igolokisP

.laisoS laicoS ilsA ukuB irad otnayrdA leahciM helo nakhamejretiDygolohcysP aggnalrE :atrakaJ .noitidE htfiF .

.8002 .AWIJES nagnukgniL nad halokeS iD nasarekeK isatagneM gniylluB

.kanA ratikeS .odnisarG :atrakaJ

.2102 .lanoD ,aganiS .fisneherpmoK gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB margorP .ludoMnaktibretid kadiT .

.1102 .onoyiguS tsitatS .naitileneP kutnu aki .atebaflA :gnudnaB

.1102 .tamaM ,antairpuS :isnetepmoK sisabreB gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB

.rolesnoK iseforP nagnabmegneP rasaD isatneirO odnifarGajaR :atrakaJ.adasreP

.8002 ,itkabruS .isiveleT nagnayaT sawA oK aideM kelE .TP :atrakaJ odnitupm .

.0102 .MM ,itutsaH irS nad .S.W ,lekniW isutitsnI id gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB

.nakididneP .idabA aideM :atrakaygoY

.2102 .KS ,uyhaW .rajaleP naruwaT :aidesreT [ /moc.6natupil.swen//:ptthruwat/556934/daer na - nams - 07 - nad - nams -6- utas - rajalep - sawet ].


08

.0102 .usmayS ,fusuY .ajameR nad kanA nagnabmekreP igolokisP :gnudnaB

.ayrakadsoR ajameR

.1102 .usmayS ,fusuY .ajameR nad kanA nagnabmekreP igolokisP :gnudnaB.ayrakadsoR ajameR

/gniyllub/gat/moc.sserpdrow.di .


NARIPMAL


18

1 NARIPMAL

aboC ijU renoiseuK satilibaileR nad satidilaV faraT nagnutihgneP lisaH

metI .oN retemaraP lisaH

gnutiH nasutupeK

1 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **706. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 2 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 531. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 713. N 65 3 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *562. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 640. N 65 4 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 652. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 450. N 65 5 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **683. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 300. N 65 6 noitalerroC tneiciffeoC *833. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 010. N 65 7 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **593. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 200. N 65 8 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **984. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 9 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **605. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 01 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **193. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 300. N 65 11 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 971. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 481. N 65 21 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **543. dilav


28

2( .giS - )deliat 800. N 65 31 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **273. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 400. N 65 41 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *823. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 310. N 65 51 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC - 322. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 590. N 65 61 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **275. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 71 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **314. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 81 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *772. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 730. N 65 91 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *833. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 010. N 65 02 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 722. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 090. N 65 12 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **443. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 900. N 65 22 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **083. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 400. N 65 32 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *603. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 120. N 65 42 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **165. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 52 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **655. dilav


38

2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 62 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **124. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 72 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **575. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 82 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **725. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 92 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **144. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 03 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **373. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 400. N 65 13 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *972. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 630. N 65 23 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *413. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 710. N 65 33 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **283. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 300. N 65 43 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *572. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 930. N 65 53 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **284. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 63 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **684. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 73 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **764. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 83 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **515. dilav


48

2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 93 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **214. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 04 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **943. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 800. N 65 14 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **306. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 24 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *662. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 640. N 65 34 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **143. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 900. N 65 44 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **665. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 54 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **685. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 64 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **424. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 74 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *772. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 730. N 65 84 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **564. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 94 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC *703. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 020. N 65 05 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **054. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 15 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC - 322. dilav kadit


58

2( .giS - )deliat 590. N 65 25 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **414. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 35 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **335. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 000. N 65 45 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 631. dilav kadit 2( .giS - )deliat 213. N 65 55 noitalerroC tneiciffeoC **544. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 65 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **203. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 830. N 65 75 tneiciffeoC noitalerroC **943. dilav 2( .giS - )deliat 100. N 65 SATILIBAILER

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N % sesaC dilaV 431 0.001 adedulcxE 0 0. latoT 431 0.001 .a .erudecorp eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

s'hcabnorCahplA

ahplA s'hcabnorC dezidradnatS no desaB

smetI smetI fo N

729.0 199.0 54


keybuS .oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 01 11 21 311 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 22 1 4 3 1 3 2 3 1 1 3 1 13 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 24 2 4 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 25 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 16 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 19 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 101 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 111 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 221 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 131 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 141 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 251 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 261 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 171 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 181 3 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 291 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 102 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 112 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 122 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 132 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 242 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 352 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 162 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 272 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 282 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

reniseuK metI romoN

NAITILENEP ATAD ISALUBAT


92 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 103 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 113 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 123 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 133 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 143 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 253 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 163 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 173 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 183 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 3 493 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 104 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 114 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 224 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 134 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 144 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 154 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 164 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 274 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 184 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 194 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 105 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 115 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 225 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 135 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 245 3 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 355 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 165 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 175 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 285 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 295 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 206 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 2 116 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 3


26 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 436 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 146 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 256 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 1 366 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 176 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 186 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 396 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 207 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 217 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 127 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 4 337 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 247 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 157 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 167 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 177 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 187 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 197 4 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 308 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 418 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 228 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 338 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 248 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 258 2 2 3 3 1 4 1 2 2 1 2 368 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 178 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 288 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 298 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 409 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 219 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 429 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 239 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 149 4 2 3 3 2 4 2 1 2 1 4 2


59 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 269 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 279 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 289 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 299 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1001 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1101 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1201 2 2 2 3 1 4 2 2 1 3 3 2301 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2401 4 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 2501 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1601 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 1 2 3701 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1801 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2901 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1011 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2111 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1211 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1311 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1411 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2511 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2611 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1711 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1811 2 3 3 4 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 2911 4 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 2021 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1121 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2221 4 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 2321 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1421 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2521 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 4 3621 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 4 1 3 4721 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1


821 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 3921 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 4 1031 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1131 4 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 2231 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1331 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1431 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

HALMUJ 072 322 132 612 291 042 612 691 902 171 172 322


41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 42 52 62 723 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 14 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 1 1 41 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 13 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 2 2 1 23 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 13 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1


1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 13 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 12 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 21 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 31 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 3 3 3 1 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 23 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 3 2 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 3 22 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 2


2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 31 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 12 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 12 4 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 13 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 1 22 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 2 4 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 31 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 11 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 11 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 32 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 12 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 12 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 12 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 22 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 14 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 4 4 1 4 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 1 1 2 3 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 24 1 2 1 1 4 1 3 2 4 1 2 2


2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 3 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 12 2 3 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 2 2 22 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 1 2 4 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 13 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 12 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 4 1 1 23 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 1 12 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 12 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 11 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 12 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 13 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 14 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 21 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 2 1 2 3 3 2 4 2 2 3 1 24 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 4 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


4 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 23 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 2 1 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

652 781 022 971 251 252 581 432 902 072 381 781 171


82 92 03 13 23 33 53 63 73 83 93 044 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 32 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 4 1 4 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 14 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 3 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 12 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 2 1 12 2 2 2 3 4 1 3 3 2 3 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 13 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 21 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 13 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 31 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 13 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 3 21 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2


1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 12 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 21 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 22 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 41 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 21 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 31 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 31 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 3 4 3 2 2 4 3 3 4 31 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 13 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 23 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 3 2


3 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 2 4 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 21 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 11 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 12 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 22 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 22 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 14 2 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 4 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 13 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 12 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 42 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 12 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 21 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 11 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 31 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 4 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 11 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 4 3 1


1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 12 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 21 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 22 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 13 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 32 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 32 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 21 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 2 1 2 11 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 4 2 4 2 3 4 1 2 2 1 23 4 2 4 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 21 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 13 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 12 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 21 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 13 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 4 2 3 22 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 41 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


1 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 23 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 41 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 13 4 3 4 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 21 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 21 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

802 222 412 742 502 112 981 342 102 202 832 202


24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 HALMUJ rumU nimaleK sineJ2 1 3 3 2 4 4 1 49 31 L2 1 3 1 2 3 4 1 99 71 P1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 16 51 L2 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 901 31 L1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 16 31 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 65 31 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 64 21 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 41 L1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 95 41 L1 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 39 21 P1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 85 31 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 94 31 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 74 31 L3 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 59 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 65 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 45 21 P1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 56 21 P1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 37 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 94 21 P1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 84 21 P1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 15 11 P1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 35 31 P1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 45 31 P1 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 99 21 L1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 65 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 94 31 L1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 69 51 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55 31 P


1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 06 61 P1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 25 41 P1 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 46 41 L1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 65 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 31 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 21 P1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 75 21 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 74 51 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 46 41 P1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 001 41 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54 21 P1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 66 51 L1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 66 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 74 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 74 31 L1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 15 31 P1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 05 51 L1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 16 31 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 31 P1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 35 41 L1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 25 41 L1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 55 41 P1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 06 61 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55 41 P2 1 3 3 1 4 3 2 59 41 P2 1 2 3 2 4 2 3 19 41 P1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 16 41 P1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 45 31 P1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 95 31 L3 2 3 3 3 3 4 1 031 51 L1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 36 31 P3 2 4 2 2 3 3 2 401 31 L3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 731 61 L


3 3 4 3 2 4 4 2 441 31 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 65 61 P1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 19 41 L1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 301 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 07 51 P2 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 06 41 P1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 89 61 L1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 47 41 L1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 37 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 95 51 L2 4 2 3 3 4 4 2 831 51 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 85 31 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 25 41 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 41 L1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 55 61 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 75 51 L1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 66 41 L3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 011 41 L1 3 2 1 3 2 3 4 49 41 P1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 36 31 L1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 37 31 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 47 51 P1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 67 51 L2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 39 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 65 51 P2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 001 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 55 51 P1 1 2 1 3 3 4 2 901 41 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 25 51 P4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 871 31 L2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 001 41 L1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 86 41 L3 4 1 4 2 3 4 1 101 41 P


1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 36 31 L1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 96 31 L1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 46 41 P1 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 97 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 94 61 L1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 76 41 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 26 51 L3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 501 61 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 36 41 L2 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 79 51 L1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 07 51 L2 1 3 2 1 3 4 1 79 71 L1 3 3 1 3 2 3 1 67 41 P1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 46 41 P1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 94 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55 51 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 36 61 P1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 95 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84 61 P2 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 19 41 P1 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 49 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 45 51 P1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 36 51 P2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 101 61 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 95 61 L1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 36 51 L1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 96 51 L2 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 89 51 L1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 61 L1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 76 51 L1 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 401 51 L1 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 59 51 P1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 45 61 P


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rotok

.04 gnay salek utas namet nakuluj irebmem ayaS

ulamep

.14 uam kadit aid akitek ayas namet macnagnem ayaS

as gnay apa iturunem nakhatnirep ay

.24 ayas namet ukas gnau askap araces atnimem ayaS

.34 tukanem ayaS - paggna ayas gnay namet itukan

aid uhab loggneynem arac nagned tukanep

.44 paggna ayas gnay namet nakulamremem ayaS

hodob

.54 t gnay namet nakkojomem /tepemem ayaS ayas kadi

ayas uhab nakloggneynem arac nagned iakus

.64 adneb nakanuggnem ayas namet irapmelem ayaS

idabirp kilim

.74 araus nagned ayas namet ridniynem ajagnes ayaS

sarek gnay

.84 atak nagned ayas namet nakuluj irebmem ayaS -

nuc“ itrepes fitagen atak ”kolbog ,tuhdneg ,gnirkg

.94 macnagnem ayaS ihuajnem naka akitek ayas namet

nakhatnirep ayas gnay apa iturunem uam kadit aid

.05 ayas namet nakulamremem ayaS maidnep gnay id

gnaro kaynab naped


NAHABMAT NAAYNATREP

.1 em adna ihuragnepmem gnay apA nakukal gniyllub id adna namet padahret

?halokes

.a oediv nad mlif ,isivelet nagnayaT

.b asawed gnaro naihalekrep tahileM

.c nial gnaro irad naukagnep nad naitahrep tapadnem ragA

.d tukI - namet nakaynabek natuki

.2 nakukalem haletes adna naasarep anamiagaB gniyllub dahret ?adna namet pa

.a gnaneS

.b aggnaB

.c asaiB - ajas asaib

.d hasileG

.e halasreb asareM

ADNA AMASAJREK SATA HISAK AMIRET


NAGNIBMIB NANAYALEP NAUTAS

ON NAGNARETEK .1 NASAHAB KOKOP niaL gnarO iagrahgneM .2 SAGUT

NAGNABMEKREP gnay nagnubuhiapacneM

ayabesnametnagnedgnatamhibel .3 NAGNIBMIB GNADIB idabirP - laisoS .4 NANAYAL SINEJ lakisalK .5 NAGNIBMIB ISGNUF nadnamahameP nagnabmegneP .6 NARASAS PMS awsiS .7 RADNATS

ISNETEPMOK .nial gnaro iagrahgnempakisrebupmamawsiS

.8 RASAD ISNETEPMOK S nakparahidawsisininataigekitukignemhaduse nemupmam.nial gnaro nakinuekiagrahg

.9 ROTAKIDNI : tapadawsisininataigekitukignemhaleteS

.a gnaro iagrahgnempakisrebayngnitnepnaksalejneM

.nial

.b gnay apaahasunaktubeyneM

ayntujnalesnakukalidnaka

.01 IRETAM -

.11 EDOTEM otnoneM n s ,mlif gnirah

.21 UTKAW 160 tinem

.31 TAPMET aluA

.41 AIDEM reweiv ,DCL ,potpaL

.51 RUDESORP ripmalreT

.61 NAIALINEP irebid gnay nagnibmibitukignemfitkakididatreseP : sesorP

tapadkididatreseP :lisaHme naktubeynemtapadnadiuhategn aparebeb anamiagab

arac naka radas nikames nad nial gnaro iagrahgnem.idabirp paites nakinuek

.71 KADNIT ANACNERTUJNAL

igabgnilesnoK nakhutubmem gnay

.81 REBMUS - -


NAGNIBMIB RUDESORP

iseS nataigeK

utkaW gnibmibmeP uruG kidiDatreseP

1 takgnisratnagneP nakragnedneM tinem 5

2 .a ”maS ma I“ mlif nakratumeM

.b iskelfersilunemawsisatnimeM

.a notnoneM

.b fitkanarepreB

tinem 021

tinem 01

3 amasreb isuksid nad gnirahS

I “ mlif irad larom nasep gnatnet

”maS ma

fitka narepreB

malad

nakpakgnugnem

ialin - larom ialin

irad kitepid gnay

I“ mlif naratumep

”maS ma

tinem 02

4 nalupmisek nakirebmem :putuneP

halet gnay nagnibmib nanayalep

nakukalid

edneM nakragn

tinem 5

atrakaygoY , rebmetpeS... 3102

iuhategneM ,

halokeS alapeK gnibmibmeP uruG


plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpujiora ngt uaku tercin ta bap ak jr . sar widji dan ib u th ....

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