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HSE STANDARD

Module 34

Asbestos

and

Man Made Mineral Fibre

(MMMF)

THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS ONE

MODULE IN A SET COMPRISING

HSE STANDARDS

FOR THE

BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES

April 2000

Approved by: SES/3Document Owner: HSE

Revision

2.0

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

This module is one of a series produced by Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn Bhd. They represent

the minimum acceptable HSE standards for a wide range of operations that are carried out by, andfor, the Brunei Shell Companies (BSC). Brunei Shell Companies or BSC are expressions used for

convenience when referring to Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn Bhd (BSP), Brunei LNG Sdn

Bhd (BLNG), Brunei Shell Marketing Company Sdn Bhd (BSM) and Brunei Shell Tankers Sdn Bhd

(BST) collectively. BSC is not a legal entity. Each of the four companies has its own separate legal

identity and objectives. The Government of Brunei Darussalam and Shell (which is also an

expression of convenience) are shareholders in all four companies, whilst there is a third shareholder

in BLNG, namely Mitsubishi Corporation.

THIS DOCUMENT

Comment and feedback from users of this module is encouraged, in order that the series may beupdated as appropriate to reflect current requirements.

For details of the current revision status of all modules, a summary of intermediate updates

published since the last revision, and information on how to comment on this module, please refer

to the latest edition of:

& HSE Standards Master Index, Module 00, document number TMS0434

which is republished at regular intervals.

This document is unregistered. Brunei Shell personnel should obtain copies in accordance with the

procedure in HSE Standard Module 00, Master Index, Chapter 4. Contract personnel should obtaincopies from the Contract Holder.

Within the Corporate Management System (CMS) documentation hierarchy, this document has the

status ofStandard and its Process Owner is SES/3.

DISCLAIMER

Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Sdn. Bhd. assume no liability for the contents of this module, in whole

or in part, nor for interpretations made by the user. The objective of the module is to provide sound

working practices and standards, and thus to provide for better management of health, safety and

environmental matters.

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Module 34 - Asbestos

THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIES

April 2000

HSE StandardPage 3 of 23

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 RESPONSIBILITIES 5

2.1 Asset Holders 5

2.2 Supervisors 5

2.3 All Personnel 5

3 REQUIREMENTS 6

3.1 General 6

3.2 Large-scale Operations 8

3.3 Medium-scale Operations 9

3.4 Small-scale Operations 9

3.5 Waste Disposal 9

3.6 Medical Surveillance 10

4. MAN MADE MINERAL FIBRES (MMMF) 11

4.1 Objective 11

4.2 Scope 11

4.3 Types Of MMMFs 11

4.4. Health Effects 11

4.5. Exposure To MMMF 12

4.6 Safe Handling Procedrues 13

4.7 Personal Protective Equipment 14

4.8 Consultation 14

4.9 Monitoring 15

APPENDICESAppendix 1 - Exposure Souces and Concentrations 16

Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres 18

Appendix 3 - Some Current Tradenames for MMMFs 21

Appendix 4 - Typical Exposure Levels 22

Appendix 5 - References 23

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HSE Standard THE BRUNEI SHELL COMPANIESApril 2000Page 4 of 23

1 INTRODUCTION

Asbestos is a naturally occuring fibrous mineral which does not burn, is resistant to chemicals

and can be processed into products of considerable strength. Although there are many

different types of asbestos, only three are regularly encountered in industry and they are:

Crocidolite (blue asbestos), used in thermal and acoustic insulation and as a filler in

plastics.

Amosite (brown asbestos) is least used and occurs in fire resistant boards and insulation.

Chrysotile (white asbestos), used in asbestos cement, insulation and other building

materials.

The value of asbestos as an efficient thermal insulating material was recognised a long time ago

and until quite recently was used extensively in industry for that purpose. Unfortunately, the

health hazard potential of asbestos fibres was not recognised so quickly and many people today

are suffering diseases such as asbestosis and types of cancer as a result of breathing in these

fibres.

The health hazards associated with asbestos are now well known and due to the high risk

potential, systematic programmes implemented over the past few years have almost eliminated

asbestos from BSC locations. It may be many years yet, however, before the last trace of it is

removed and because there are still occasions where asbestos is handled, there is a need for

a definitive standard to control the way the activity is carried out.

This document provides that standard. Its structure is straightforward and specifies

requirements for:

general activity management aspects.

large-scale asbestos removal work.

medium-scale asbestos handling mainly carried out in houses.

small-scale work involving limited quantities of asbestos. disposal of asbestos waste.

This standard interfaces closely with other HSE Standard Modules (listed in Reference section

4) and should be used in conjunction with them.

Note that in this document, the word asbestos is used to describe the mineral both in its raw,

natural state and when it has been processed into a material or product containing asbestos.

The Process Owner of this document is EPM/4 (HSE/3, HSE/5, LPS/2, PML, PRS/2)

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April 2000


2 RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1 Asset Holders

The responsibilities of Asset Holders shall include:

the systematic identification of the presence of asbestos products within their asset.

the assessment of risk to health from each occurrence of asbestos.

the maintenance of a register in which all locations where asbestos has been found are

recorded.

the implementation of a systematic programme of asbestos substitution.

ensuring approved procedures are in place for the handling of asbestos.

making available the personal protective equipment required by workers who come into

contact with asbestos.

ensuring all staff/employees have been given sufficient and suitable information,

instruction and training in the risks and health hazards associated with asbestoshandling and the methods of its disposal.

2.2 Supervisors

The responsibilities of supervisory personnel include :

ensuring that workers are aware of occurrences of asbestos and refractory ceramic

fibes*1 and its associated health hazards.

marking the location of asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1 with appropriate safety

signs.

using only specifically trained personnel for work involving the handling of asbestos

and refractory ceramic fibres*1.

keeping and maintaining records of persons involved in work with asbestos and refractory

ceramic fibres*1.

ensuring that approved procedures are followed for work which involves the handling

of asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1.

ensuring that appropriate personal protective equipment is used duirng work with

asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1.

arranging tests of unidentified materials suspected of being asbestos and refractory

ceramic fibres*1.

providing information for updating and asbestos and refractory ceramic fibres*1 location

register.

2.3 All Personnel

The responsibilities of all personnel, whether they are specialised asbestos workers or not,

shall include:

following approved procedures for work involving asbestos.

using properly the personal protective equipment provided.

reporting to a Supervisor the discovery of unidentified material suspected of being

asbestos.

*1 See section 4.3 fo rdetails

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3 REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General

Identification

Where a material is known to contain asbestos, it shall be clearly marked Asbestos and

appropriate warning signs displayed (see HSE Standard Module 28 - Safety Signs and Colour

Codes). This requirement applies to all occurences of asbestos, from building insulation to

brake pads.

Where asbestos has been removed and replaced with a man-made product, for example at

spading positions or valves, notices shall be attached at the point of change with an arrow

pointing in the direction(s) where asbestos remains.

In cases where it is not known or certain that a material to be handled contains asbestos, it shall

be treated as asbestos until testing of samples proves otherwise.

Sampling

Personal protective equipment shall be worn during the taking and sealing of samples. Samples

taken shall be sealed by double bagging in impervious plastic bags and both bags identified

with an asbestos warning label. They shall then be sent to either DRO/4 (for BSP) or LTS/4 (for

BLNG) who will forward them for analysis to a specialist laboratory in Singapore. Note, work

activities must be suspended until the material identification has been made.

Encapsulation

Where asbestos insulation on pipework, vessels and machinery is not to be removed, it shall

be encapsulated in such a manner that during normal site operations no free fibres are

generated into the working environment.

The encapsulation may be provided by the use of metallic sheeting, non-asbestos cement and/

or with a proprietary product that provides an elastomeric membrane which is seamless,

waterproof, abrasion resistant, chemical resistant and fireproof. Temporary measures can be

provided by double wrapping with heavy duty polythene sheeting secured with waterproof

adhesive tape and marked with Asbestos warning signs.

Risk Assessment

Before a decision is taken to use, remove or dispose of asbestos, a risk assessment shall be

conducted to determine associated health risk exposure (see Appendix 1 - Exposure Sources

and Concentrations). Note, it may be less hazardous to leave covered or encapsulated asbestos

in place than to remove it. A record of the risk assessment shall be taken.

Procedures

Asbestos shall be handled in accordance with the appropriate BSC Asbestos Procedures (seeSection 4 - References) and specific sites work instructions which shall specify safe methods

of handling, removal and disposal, and the hygiene and work practice training required by

persons who carry out the work.

Records

Employers shall keep and maintain records of all employees who are directly involved in work

with asbestos and may be exposed to airborne fibres. The records may be kept in a special

register or in personal files and shall contain the names of these persons, jobs held and dates,

length of exposure, and details of personal protective equipment used. Records shall be kept

available for inspection.

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April 2000


Contractors

Where a contractor is used for asbestos removal, the contractor shall be a specialist in that type

of work and shall work in accordance with the relevant BSC Asbestos Procedures (see Section4 - References). The responsibility for working to agreed practices shall rest with the contractor

while overall supervision of activities shall rest with the relevant Brunei Shell Company.

Permits

All work involving the removal and disposal of asbestos shall be carried out under the control

of the Permit to Work Procedure for the BSC location at which the work is to be performed. The

use and handling of asbestos products such as storage and fitting of gaskets and brake or

clutch linings shall not require permit control but shall be the subject of close supervision and

carried out in accordance with local procedures and rules.

Air Sampling

Where sampling is needed to determine the level of exposure to airborne asbestos fibres, it shall

be carried out and supervised by a competent person with appropriate experience and training

(HSE Standard Module 40 - Occupational Health gives details of available support services).

Personal sampling by the membrane filter method shall be used and fibres counted by the

phase contrast optical technique. The following exposure limits for different types of asbestos

shall be:

For occupationally exposed persons, e.g. asbestos strippers;

for dust consisting of or containing any crocidolite or amosite.

- 0.2 fibres/ml, when measured as a TWA over any 8 hour period.

for dust consisting of or containing other types of asbestos but not crocidolite or

amosite.

- 0.5 fibres/ml, when measured as a TWA over any 8 hour period.

TWA = Time Weighted Average

These control limits are based on the requirements of the asbestos products manufacturing

industry. For all other persons, the lowest practical level of fibre concentration shall be

achieved and when persons are expected to occupy an area without respiratory protection, the

level shall not exceed 0.01 fibres/ml, for all types of asbestos.

Note, workplace air sampling may also be required in exposure surveys, for example the

clearance of work areas after the stripping out of asbestos insulation, prior to allowing re-entry

of personnel, or for monitoring the spread of contamination outside a restricted area.

In addition to air sampling to detect airborne fibres, monitoring of temperature and humidity

levels inside specially constructed enclosures may be required to ensure workers are not

subjected to excessive heat stress.

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3.2 Large-scale Operations

This category includes the demolition of buildings and process plant with the removal and

disposal of considerable quantities of asbestos material.

Where access equipment is used for asbestos removal, scaffold boards shall be covered with

polythene sheeting (minimum thickness 1000 gauge) and scaffold tube-ends shall be taped to

prevent ingress of fibres. Scaffolders are not required to wear protective equipment in addition

to what they normally use but shall take care not to disturb the asbestos material. When

asbestos removal operations are complete, access equipment shall be cleaned before scaffolders

are called into carry out dismantling.

The working area within which contamination is likely to occur shall be marked out as a

restricted area with hazard tape and appropriate warning signs posted. Where the work area

is outdoors, e.g. stripping off vessel insulation, additional measures such as the placing of

barriers may be required to deter access by unauthorised personnel.

Entry into a restricted area shall be confined to persons wearing personal protective equipment(see Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres). This restriction shall also apply to

all visitors.

Where practicable, plant or equipment from which insulation is to be removed shall be enclosed

on all sides. The floors and all surfaces within the enclosure shall be covered with impervious

sheeting, e.g. polythene, and all joints in the sheeting sealed for the duration of the work.

Individual items of equipment within the enclosed area shall be removed or covered and sealed.

Entry into the enclosure shall be through a series of at least three interconnecting chambers

constructed of impervious sheeting. These chambers shall be used for the changeover from

clean and contaminated clothing and equipment.

A negative pressure shall be maintained inside the enclosure using a portable extraction unit

fitted with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter located outside the enclosure andconnected to it with flexible trunking. The extraction rate shall be sufficient to maintain a

positive flow of air into the enclosure at its entrance (this is measurable with a smoke

generator).

Where panels or sheeting is secured in place with nails, screws or other fixings, every effort

shall be made to remove these fixings without having to drill or cut them. Once removed, panels

shall be wrapped in polythene sheet (1000 gauge) and sealed with waterproof adhesive tape.

No more than 5 panels shall be in a wrapped bundle of panels.

Insulation material to be removed shall be thoroughly soaked with water prior to removal to

minimise the incidence of airborne fibres. Residual fibre on pipework and surfaces shall be

removed by wet scraping and wire brushing. After removal of all insulation material, surfaces

inside the enclosure shall be vacuum cleaned using an approved vacuum cleaner. Wherepracticable, surfaces shall be sprayed with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) solution to seal any residual

fibre.

Waste collected shall be double-bagged inside the working area and the bags decontaminated

by wiping with a damp cloth or suction cleaned with a vacuum cleaner inside the contaminated

chamber. The method of bagging shall be to use red 500 gauge bags inside clear 350 gauge

bags. The bags shall be sealed and removed for disposal.

Contaminated clothing and equipment shall be cleaned by vacuum cleaner inside the

contaminated chamber. Decontaminated clothing may then be removed for laundering or

disposal and equipment removed for use elsewhere.

On completion of the work, the area shall be inspected and, if satisfactory, the enclosure

dismantled and the sheeting disposed of as hazardous waste.

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April 2000


3.3 Medium-scale Operations

This category includes the installation, removal and handling of asbestos in office buildings

and houses. The majority of these operations involve work with panels and sheets containingasbestos but may also include work with limited quantities of pipework insulation.

The working area within which contamination may occur shall be marked out as a restricted

area with hazard tape and appropriate warning signs. Where the work is being carried out on

housing, barriers may be required to prevent access by members of the public.

Entry into a restricted area shall be confined to persons wearing appropriate personal

protective equipment (see Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres).

When removing panels and sheets held in place with nails or screws, every effort shall be made

to remove these fixings without having to drill, cut or break them. After removal, waste material

shall be bagged in the same way as described in section 3.2 and sent for disposal (see Section

3.5).

3.4 Small-scale Operations

This category includes removal and handling of small quantities of asbestos and maintenance

activities where workers may come into contact with asbestos.

Personal protective equipment shall be used whenever there is any possibility of asbestos fibre

inhalation or contamination of clothing. Wherever possible, operations shall be carried out

with the asbestos material wet and any collected waste shall be disposed of properly (see

Section 3.5)

Areas in which asbestos products, e.g. brake linings, gaskets, etc., are handled shall be

identified with appropriate warning signs and fitted out to facilitate containment and cleaning.

Components shall be stored in impervious packages labelled ASBESTOS. Work surfaces

shall be covered with impervious material and kept clean using vacuum cleaning methods.

The machining of asbestos products by cutting, drilling, etc. shall be carried out in designated

areas identified with appropriate warning signs and fitted with impervious work surfaces, e.g.

steel or laminated sheet. The generation of airborne dust shall be avoided by using manual or

low speed power methods which are less likely to create dust than high speed machining

methods. If airborne dust is generated, a local extract ventilator shall be used to exhaust

contaminated air via an HEPA filter outside the work area, at least at roof height. The ventilation

system shall be interlocked to ensure that it operates when the machining process is being

carried out. The entire system of fan, filter and ducting shall be checked for proper operation

daily and tested every three months.

Exposure to asbestos from brake lining dust during vehicle maintenance shall be minimised

by vacuum cleaning drums and shoes before handling. Blowing them clean with an airline isNOT permitted.

3.5 Waste Disposal

Asbestos waste of any kind, e.g. dust, old gaskets, loose fibre, offcuts, etc., is potentially

hazardous and shall be disposed of in strict compliance with Section 3.2 of HSE Standard

Module 51 - Waste Handling Procedure and specific site Waste Management Controlled

Procedure. Designated areas shall be provided and the asbestos waste shall be collected in the

labelled containment.

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3.6 Medical Surveillance

All persons engage in work, which may give rise to exposure to fibrous asbestos dusts should

be considered for medical surveillance at the discretion of the Company Medical Advisor.

The contents and frequency of both pre-placement and subsequent medical examinations

should be determined by the Company Medical advisor, taking into account the duration and

regularity of the work.

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April 2000


4. MAN MADE MINERAL FIBRES (MMMF)

4.1 Objective

The objectives of these guidelines is to ensure that MMMFs are selected and handled so as to

reduce exposure from skin contact or inhalation, and hence minimise the risk of any adverse

health effects.

4.2 Scope

These guidelines apply to activities involving the installation or removal/demolition of

materials containing MMMF. They apply only to those materials which are unbonded and

because of the manner in which they are likely to be used or handled, have the potential to

release airborne fibres. Most insulation materials do not spontaneously release fibres but

require disturbance by wind or other mechanical damage to generate significant airborne

levels.

4.3 Types Of MMMFs

They may be classified into three categories, depending on their fibre diameter :

(i) Mineral wool - rockwool, used for general insulation purposes.

- fibreglass, used for general insulation purposes.

- reinforcing filament (continuous filament) - usually woven into cloth.

(ii) Ceramic fibres, manufactured from aluminium silicate, typically used for high

temperature ( >800 deg C ) insulation in furnaces etc. Alumina and zirconia fibre

products are sometimes referred to as refractory ceramic fibres to distinguish them

from the alumina-silicate ceramic fibres.

(iii) superfine fibres with a mean fibre diameter of less than 1um (micro-metre). These are

glass fibres used for special purposes and are rarely found in industry.

Note: See appendix 3 for some current MMMF products.

4.4. Health Effects

Present scientific evidence, based largely on animal studies, show some increase in incidence

of lung cancer. While present scientific evidence indicates only a low historical risk of human

cancer from exposure to MMMF, the implication of animal studies cannot be ignored, so it is

considered prudent to regard MMMFs with caution.

Other health effects, similar to those caused by some irritant and nuisance dusts, may result

from short term exposures to high concentrations of MMMF.

4.4.1 Acute exposure (short term)

Skin

Irritation of the skin is the commonest effect experienced by those who come into contact with

MMMF. The effect, consisting of itching and reddening of the skin, is an irritant dermatitis due

to the mechanical (not allergic) action of the coarse fibres with the skin. The skin irritation in

general does not last long.

Eye

Eye irritation is associated both with coarse airborne fibres entering the eye and with other

non-fibrous dusts often present when insulation materials are used. Effects usually disappear

soon after the eye is flushed clean.

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Inhalation

Irritation, particularly of the mouth, nose and throat, can occur following substantial exposure

to dust and fibres from MMMF. A dry cough can develop but usually disappears soon afterexposure has ceased.

4.4.2 Chronic exposure (long term)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified rockwool and fibreglass fibre

as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In 1998, a European Directive has classified Refractory

Ceramic Fibres as category 2 carcinogens (substances to be regarded as if they are carcinogenic

to humans)

This was based on a combined evaluation of published human and animal studies and relates

to prolonged exposures to relatively high airborne fibre levels.

Note:

Most of the research involving human studies related to either the manufacturing of insulating

materials or the full-time application of the product. They do not apply to people who may have

intermittent or casual contact such as those working in the oil industry who occasionally may

be involved in installing or removal operations. For such people the health hazards are largely

associated with short-term irritation effects.

While scientific studies indicates a low historical risk of human cancer from exposure to

MMMF, the implication of animal studies cannot be ignored and therefore it is prudent to keep

exposure as low as practicable.

4.4.3 Silicosis risk

Refractory ceramic fibres pose an additional health concern after the product has been in

service at temperatures of 870C and higher. Aluminosilicate fibres are transformed at thesetemperature to crystalline silica in the form of cristobalite. Inhalation of silica can cause

silicosis, a fibrotic condition of the lung tissue, which can reduce lung capacity and makes the

victim more susceptible to disease such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.

Special care should be taken when working with refractory ceramic fibres because of the silica

hazard and because the fibres becomes more friable, which increases dust in the workplace.

4.5. Exposure To MMMF

4.5.1 Sources of exposure

Particular tasks such as sawing, grinding and cutting of products, the fitting of insulation to

plants and in buildings and its subsequent removal, will result in the release of fibres into the

atmosphere. The larger fibers will settle out but the finer smaller fibres will remain airborne.

Removal of materials such as dry insulation poses the greatest potential hazard.

4.5.2 Exposure limits

Exposure to MMMF should be kept as low as practicable below 1 fibre/ml (defined as fine fibres

of a diameter less than 3 mm) and in all circumstances below 5mg of total inhalable dusts per

m3 of air. These limits are time-weighted average of 8 hour working period.

Exposures to ceramic respirable fibres should not exceed 0.5 fibre/ml. Where crystalline silica

is Suspected (eg. removal of ceramic refractory material from furnaces) the exposure limit for

cristobalite of 0.05 mg/m3 must not be exceeded.

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April 2000


Where these limits cannot be achieved by control of emission they should be achieved by the

use of appropriate respiratory protection and / or work procedures.

Note - In practical terms, since it would be difficult to obtain real time levels, the wearing of RPEis recommended. Use appendix 4, typical exposure levels for the type of activity, and refer to

RPE section, to determine the type of RPE to use.

4.6 Safe Handling Procedrues

4.6.1 Selection

Both performance and health criteria must be considered before selection of a MMMF product

is made. Refractory Ceramic Fibre (RCF) based materials are composed largely of respirable size

fibres and should only be used when no alternative exists, such as for high temperature

applications (> 800 deg C), or where space is limited (thermal conductivity decreases as fibre

diameter decreases hence ceramic fibre material has the best insulation rating per unit

thickness).

MMMF sheets and blankets should be ordered and provided in dust proof packaging and in a

form and shape which enables the material to be used with a minimum of cutting and handling

on site.

4.6.2 Storage

MMMF insulating material should be stored in designated low traffic areas, and in intact

containers or under sheet covers.

4.6.3 Handling

Where possible manual tools should be used to cut or trim insulating material. If power tools

must be used suitable local exhaust ventilation equipment should be installed at point of dustgeneration.

Where practicable all MMMF insulating material should be dampened or wetted before removal

to minimise the generation of airborne dust.

Avoid unnecessary re-handling of scrap by locating disposal equipment as close as possible to

work areas. Accumulation of scrap and debris on floor and other surfaces should be avoided.

Wet clean up methods are preferred.

Where practicable, waste should be placed in sealed containers, plastic bags or other methods

which control dust emissions.

Waste should be disposed of in accordance with HSE Standard Module 51, Waste Handling

procedure. Ceramic fibre-based material should double bagged as per asbestos waste.Designation of work areas using ropes, barriers and signposts etc is necessary if there is an

immediate danger upon entering from falling overhead material or if there are excessive

amounts of waste material in the immediate area.

When handling ceramic fibre insulating material additional handling precautions may be

required. These materials are most often used in furnace application where confined spaces

can give rise to excessive airborne fibre levels and where high temperatures lead to the

formation of crystalline silica.

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4.6.4 Identifying Usage Areas

All areas or equipment where ceramic fibre insulating material is in use should be identified

so that additional protective measures can be taken if required. The area shall be clearlymarked ceramic fibres.

4.7 Personal Protective Equipment

In locations where it is not practicable to avoid excessive fibre concentrations, management

should provide adequate protective equipment and training in its use. The following recom-

mendations apply to both intermittent and prolonged handling of MMMF insulating materials

and where airborne fibres are likely to be generated.

4.7.1 Skin protection

Irritation can be minimised by the use of gloves and long-sleeved and long-legged arments, with

a cloth tucked inside the collar to prevent material from entering. Tight or elasticized cuffs andwaistbands should be avoided to prevent fibres being rubbed into the skin. Hoods should be

worn for overhead work.

4.7.2 Eye protection

Safety goggles or face shield should be worn for eye protection.

4.7.3 Respiratory Protection

Disposable filtering face-piece or half face respirators may be used. Those marked FFP1, FFP2

and FFP3 have protection factor of approximately 4, 10 and 20 respectively which means they

may be suitable where dust levels do not exceed the TLV by a factor of 4, 10 or 20. But it should

be remembered that the amount of dust inhaled should always be reduced as far as reasonably

practicable below the TLV. This type of respirator should be disposed of at the end of each shift.

Re-usable half-mask respirator fitted with particulate filter cartridge may be an alternative and

those fitted with P2 or P3 filters have AFPs of 10 and 20 respectively. Pre-filters and cartridges

should be changed regularly, according to manufacturers guidelines.

In general, where work with Refractory Ceramic Fibres is involved, the minimum recommended

RPE for is FFP2 or P2, when airborne level is controlled. Where levels might exceed TLV, it is

recommended to use type FFP3 or P3.

4.8 Consultation

4.8.1 Before commencement

Before carrying out work which involves the use of MMMF insulation material, supervisorsmust consult with employees about the provisions of these guidelines and ensure that they are

agreed and adequate in the particular circumstances.

4.8.2 During progress of work

The procedures and precautions contained in the guidelines may have to be reviewed during

the course of work if circumstances render the agreed provisions inappropriate.

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April 2000


4.9 Monitoring

It is generally not practicable to carry out monitoring for dust or fibre exposure as work

associated with MMMF insulation material is usually infrequent and intermittent. In isolatedcases where prolonged and excessive exposures are expected or where ceramic fibre material

is being used some monitoring may be necessary to establish the effectiveness of control

procedures or to determine the degree of respiratory protection required. Any monitoring shall

only be conducted after consultation with a trained occupational hygienist.

4.9.1 Medical Surveillance

No specific measures for routine health surveillance are recommended.

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Appendix 1 - Exposure Souces and Concentrations

Exposure to appreciable levels of airborne asbestos fibres may be expected in any activity which

generates loose dry fibre and the following activities give particular cause for concern:

Table 1 on the following page gives examples of typical exposure levels for various activities.

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April 2000


Table 1 - Measured Concentrations of Asbestos Fibres

Expected levels of asbestos fibre concentrations for various activities are shown in the table below.

They are only an indication due to the variability of work situations, conditions of use and friabilityof asbestos products.

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Appendix 2 - Control of Exposure to Asbestos Fibres

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April 2000


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Table 2 - Respiratory Protection Devices and Nominal Protection Factors (NPFs)

7

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April 2000


Appendix 3 - Some Current Tradenames for MMMFs

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Appendix 4 - Typical Exposure Levels

Exposures to respirable airborne fibreglass or rockwool fibres in user industries rarely exceeds 1 f/

ml (TWA) for all applications and is typically less than 0.1 f/ml. Slightly higher levels can be expected

in the handling of ceramic fibre material. This is because ceramic fibre based materials are composed

largely of respirable size.

Note:

Fibre levels in buildings (including construction sites) where all types of MMMF have been installed

are less than 0.01 f/ml and typically 0.001 to 0.00001 f/ml.

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April 2000


Appendix 5 - References

UK Health and Safety Executive Guidance Notes

EH 10 Asbestos - exposure limits and airborne dust concentrations

EH 36 Work with asbestos cement

EH 37 Work with asbestos insulating board

EH 50 Training operatives and supervisors for work with asbestos insulation and coatings

EH 51 Enclosures provided for work with asbestos insulation, coatings and insulation board

EH 52 Removal techniques and associated waste handling for asbestos insulation, coatings

and insulation board

L 27 Control of asbestos at work regulations 1987 - approved code of practice

SIPM

& Recommendations for the Safe Handling of Asbestos and Materials containing Asbestos

Man-Made Meniral Fibres, 1988, SHELL SAFETY COMMITTEE

BSP HSE Standard Modules

& 02 - Personal Protective Equipment

& 03 - Permit to Work Procedure

& 28 - Safety Signs and Colour Codes

& 40 - Occupational Health

& 51 - Waste Handling Procedure

BSP and BLNG Procedures

EPM Contract Specification 15.01 A (Rev.1) Disposal of Asbestos Roof Sheeting

BLNG LEN-600-W105 Safe Handling, Storage and Disposal of Asbestos containing materials.

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DOCUMENT CHANGE PROPOSAL FORM

This form provides a tool for the Line to propose changes. It is to be sent to the Document Owner for action/response and copied to HSE.

Affected Document

Document Title:

Document ref: TMS Revision No: Dated:

Document Owner: Name:

Please consider the following issue(s) for the next edition:

1

Reason for Change Proposal (Please mark the appropriate box) Urgency

Typographical error Technically incorrect Cheaper Urgent

Omission More appropriate Other Routine

From:

Name: ..................................................................... Date: ..............................

Contact address/ind: .............................................. Phone: ...........................

Response: The change proposal is

Accepted Rejected because: Requires further work:

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