8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

1/32

SULIT

Sains 1511/1

Kertas 1

Oktober

2010

1 Jam

Nama: .....................................................Tingkatan: ........................

SAINS

Kertas 1

Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN UKA K!"TAS SOALAN INI S!#INGGA $I!"ITA#U

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

2. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa

Melayu.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 32 halaman bercetak

[Lihat Sebelah]

%"OG"A& %!NINGKATAN %"!STASI AKA$!&IK 2010

%!%!"IKSAAN AK#I" TA#UN

TINGKATAN '

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

2/32

INFO!"#ION FO $"N%I%"#&S

MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

. This !uestion paper "onsists o# 50!uestions.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50soalan.

$. Answer all!uestion

%awab semua soalan

&. Answer ea"h !uestion by bla"'ening the "orre"t spa"e on the ob(e"ti)e answer

sheet.

%awab dengan menghitam'an ruangan yang betul pada 'ertas (awapan ob(e'ti#.

*. +la"'en only onespa"e #or ea"h !uestion.

,itam'a saturuangan saha(a bagi setiap (awapan.

-. I# you wish to "hange your answer erase the bla"'ened mar' that you ha)e made.Then bla"'en the spa"e #or the new answer.

Se'iranya anda henda' menu'ar'an (awapan padam'an tanda yang telahdibuat. Kemudian hitam'an (awapan yang baru.

/. The diagrams in the !uestions pro)ided are not drawn to s"ale unless stated.0a(ah yang mengiringi soalan tida' dilu'is mengi'ut s'ala 'e"uali dinyata'an

1. 2ou may use a non3programmable s"ienti#i" "al"ulator.Anda dibenar'an mengguna'an 'al'ulator sainti#i' yang tida' boleh diprogram

2

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

3/32

1 'hat is the basic unit in the human ner(ous s)stem*

Apa'ah unit asas dalam sistem sara# manusia 4

" Neurone

Neuron

+ Neutron

Neutron

$ %endron

5endron

% ",on

A'son

2 %iagram 1 sho-s a human ner(ous s)stem.

0a(ah menun(u''an sistem sara# manusia.

%iagram 1

0a(ah

'hich o the ollo-ing /arts is makes u/ the central ner(ous s)stem*

+ahagian yang mana'ah yang membentu' sistem sara# pusat4

" 0 and

6 dan 0

+ and S

7 dan S

$ 0 and

6 dan 7

% and S

0 dan S

3

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

4/32

3 In a rele, action an im/ulse is transmitted to the muscles b) the neurone 0.

5alam tinda'an re#le's impuls dipindah'an 'e otot melalui neurone 6.'hat is neurone 0*

Apa'ah neurone 64

" Sensor) neurone

Neuron deria

+ !otor neuroneNeuron motor

$ ece/tor 0eseptor

% ela) neuroneNeuron perantaraan

%iagram 2 sho-s the endocrine glands in a human bod).0a(ah $ menun(u''an 'elen(ar endo'rin dalam badan manusia.

%iagram 2

0a(ah $

'hich o the endocrine glands label " + $ or % is the /ituitar) gland*

Antara 'elen(ar endo'rin berlabel A + C atau 5 yang mana'ah merupa'an

'elen(ar pituitari4

4 'hat is the unction o the medulla oblongata*

4

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

5/32

Apa'ah #ungsi medula oblongata4

" #o control in(oluntar) actions

!engawal tinda'an luar 'awal

+ #o maintain hormone balance

!engimbang'an aras hormon

$ #o recei(e and inter/ret im/ulses!enerima dan menta#sir impuls

% #o control muscle contraction!engawal penge"utan otot

5 %iagram 3 sho-s a side (ie- o the human brain.0a(ah & menun(u''an pandangan sisi ota' manusia.

%iagram 3

0a(ah &

Name structures 6 7 and 8.

Nama'an stru'tur 8 2 dan 9.

6 7 8

"$erebellum

Serebelum

$erebrum

Serebrum

!edulla oblongata

Medula oblangata

+$erebrum

Serebrum

!edula oblangata

Medula oblongata

$erebellum

Serebelum

$!edulla oblongata

Medula oblongata

$erebrum

Serebrum

$erebellum

Serebelum

%$erebrum

Serebrum

$erebellum

Serebelum

!edulla oblongata

Medula oblongata

5

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

6/32

9 " student is reading. Name the action.

Seorang pela(ar sedang memba"a. Nama'an tinda'an tersebut.

" ele, action

Tinda'an re#le's

+ :oluntar) action

Tinda'an ter'awal

$ "utomatic action

Tinda'an automati'

% In(oluntar) action

Tinda'an luar 'awal

; " student immediatel) /ulls his hand a-a) -hen his inger is /ricked b) a shar/

needle. 'hich o the ollo-ing sho-s the /ath o im/ulse in this rele, action*

Seorang pela(ar tiba3tiba menari' tangannya apabila (arinya ter"u"u' (arumyang ta(am. Antara yang beri'ut yang mana'ah menun(u''an laluan impuls

dalam tinda'an re#le's tersebut4

" ece/tor

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

7/32

1@ 'hich o the ollo-ing is an e,am/le o continuous (ariation*

Antara yang beri'ut yang mana'ah merupa'an satu "ontoh )ariasi selan(ar4

" Se,

%antina

+ +od) -eight

+erat badan

$ #humb /rint

Cap "ap ibu (ari

% "bilit) to roll the tongue

Kebolehan menggulung lidah

11 Name the s/ontaneous change that occur in the structure o genes or

chromosomes in cells*Nama'an perubahan spontan yang berla'u dalam stru'tur gen atau 'romosom

sel4

" !itosisMitosis

+ !utationMutasi

$ :ariation=ariasi

% !eiosisMeiosis

12 'hat is the /ercentage o a husband and -ie ha(ing either a male child or aemale child at each birth*

Apa'ah peratus sepasang suami isteri mendapat samada seorang ana' lela'i

atau seorang ana' perempuan pada setiap 'elahiran4

!ale child Female child

Ana' lela'i Ana' perempuan

" 24A 24A

+ 24A 94A

$ 4@A 4@A% 94A 24A

7

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

8/32

13 %iagram sho-s the kar)o/)te o a /erson suering rom a genetic disease.

0a(ah * menun(u''an peta 'romosom seseorang yang mengidap se(enis penya'it

geneti'.

%iagram 0a(ah *

'hat is the genetic disease*Apa'ah penya'it geneti" tersebut4

" "lbinioAlbinisme

+ #urnerBs S)ndromSindrom Turner

$ KlineelterBs S)ndrom

Sindrom Kline#elter

% %o-nBs s)ndrome

Sindrom 5own

1 %iagram 4 sho-s the lo- chart on the de(elo/ment o a bab).

8

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

9/32

0a(ah - menun(u''an "arta alir pembentu'an seorang bayi.

Father !other

C")ahD CIbuD

S/erm O(um

CS/ermaD CO(umD

8)gote

C8igotD

+ab)

C+a)iD

%iagram 4

0a(ah -

'hich o the ollo-ing re/resents /rocesses & and F*

Antara yang beri'ut yang mana'ah mewa'ili proses ; dan >4

& F

" Fertilisation

6ersenyawaan

!eiosis

Meiosis

+ !eiosisMeiosis

!itosisMitosis

$ $rossing o(er 6indah silang

!eiosisMeiosis

% Fertilisation6ersenyawaan

!itosisMitosis

9

F

E

E

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

10/32

14 #he E)gote o animal 6 has @ chromosomes. o- man) chromosomes are

there in the skin cell and gamete o the animal*9igot haiwan 8 mengandungi *? 'romosom. +erapa'ah bilangan 'romosom

dalam sel 'ulit dan gamet haiwan 8 4

Skin cell ?amete

Sel 'ulit

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

11/32

" K and GK dan L

+ G and !L and M

$ ! and N

M dan N

% K and !

K dan M

19 'hich o the ollo-ing A(( ) an* $re/resents liHuid /articles* Antara A,B, C dan Dyang mana'ah mewa'ili @arah "e"air4

"

+

$

%

1; %iagram 9 sho-s an incom/lete 0eriodic #able.

0a(ah 1 menun(u''an %adual +er'ala yang tida' leng'ap

11

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

12/32

1 1;

1 2 13 1 14 15 19

2 0

3 3 4 5 9 ; = 1@ 11 12

%iagram 9

0a(ah 1'hat is 0 *

Apa'ah0*

" !etal

Logam

+ Noble gas

metal +u'an logam

1= #he inormation belo- sho-s the characteristics o substance 6. Ma'lumat di bawah menun(u''an "iri3"iri bahan 8.

'hich substance has the abo(e characteristics *Mana'ah antara bahan3bahan beri'ut mempunyai "iri3"iri di atas4

" Gead 6lumbum

12

P!"#O$

%

kala

G"O&P%kumpulan

o DuctileMulur

o Malleable Boleh ditempa

o High melting point Takat didih yang tinggi

D Transition elementUnsur peralihan

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

13/32

+ $arbonKarbon

2@ %iagram ; sho-s a distillation /rocess.

0a(ah menun(u''an proses penyulingan.

%iagram ;

0a(ah

'hat /rocess occurs in the Giebig $ondenser*

Apa'ah proses yang berla'u di dalam Kondenser Liebig 4

" +oiling

6endidihan

+ !elting6eleburan

21 'hich o the ollo-ing /rocesses re/resents the change o dr) ice into

13

D Chlorine

Klorin

C EvaporationPenyejatan

D CondensationKondensasi

C Sulphur Sulfur

'(mm(n sa)ts()*ti(n Larutan garam

,erm(meterTermometer

$isti))ati(n -as.Kelalang penyulingan /ater (*t

Air keluarLiei(nenserKondenserLiebig

'(nia) -as.Kelalang kun

$isti))e aterAir suling

/ater inAirmasuk

*nsen*rnerPenunubunsen

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

14/32

carbon dio,ide gaseous*

6roses mana'ah mewa'ili perubahan ais 'ering bertu'ar 'epada gas'arbon dio'sida4

22 %iagram = sho-s the s)mbol o an element !.

0a(ah B menun(u''an simbol suatu unsur M.

%iagram =

0a(ah B

'hat is the nucleon number o this element*

+erapa'ah nombor nu'leon unsur ini 4

" 14

+ 15

$ 31% 5

23 %iagram 1@ sho-s the arrangement o /articles in a substance.

14

31

M15

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

15/32

0a(ah ? menun(u''an susunan @arah3@arah dalam satu bahan.

%iagram 1@

0a(ah ?

Name the substance that has the arrangement as sho-n in diagram 1@.

Nama'an bahan yang menun(u'''an susunan seperti ra(ah ?.

A $arbon

Karbon

Sul/hur

Sul#ur

) !agnesium

Magnesium

$ Sodium chloride Natrium 'lorida

2 #able 1 sho-s the number o sub>atomic /articles in an atom ' 6 7 and 8.%adual menun(u''an bilangan @arah sub3atom bagi atom3atom 8 2 dan 9.

"toms

atom

Number o

/rotons

+il. proton

Number o

neutrons

+il. neutron

Number o

electrons

+il. ele'tron

' 5 5 5

6 5 ; 5

7 9 9 9

8 ; ; ;

#able 1

%adual

'hich /air o atoms are isoto/es *6asangan mana'ah yang merupa'an isotop*

15

+ +

+ +

+ +

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

16/32

" ' and 6

dan 8

+ 6 and 7

8 dan 2

24 %iagram 11 sho-s the structure o atoms 0 and

0a(ah menun(u''an stru'tur atom 6 dan 7

0

%iagram 110a(ah

'hat is the similarit) bet-een atoms 0 and * Apa'ah persamaan antara atom 6 dan 7 4

" #he number o neutrons

+ilangan neutron

+ #he nucleon number

Nombor nu'leon

$ #he number o /rotons

Nombor proton

% #he number o electrons and neutrons

+ilangan ele'tron dan neutron

25 'hich o the ollo-ing is a chemical change*

Antara yang beri'ut yang mana'ah merupa'an perubahan 'imia 4

16

Kes

Pr(t(n !)etr(n Ne*tr(n

C Y and Ydan Z

D ! and X dan Z

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

17/32

A %issol(ing sugar in -ater

Melarut'an gula di dalam air.

&(a/oration o -ater on a hot da)

6enye(atan air pada wa'tu panas

) $r)stallisation o a salt rom a saturated salt solution

6enghabluran garam daripada larutan garam tepu

$ $ombustion o /etrol in the engine o a car6emba'aran minya' petrol dalam en(in 'ereta.

29 +urning magnesium ribbon is a chemical change. 'hat is the characteristic o this

change*

6emba'aran 'epingan magnesium merupa'an satu perubahan 'imia. Apa'ah"iri3"iri perubahan ini4

". Gess energ) is needed

Memerlu'an tenaga yang 'urang

+. 0roduces ne- substances

Menghasil'an bahan baru

$. e(ersible

+erbali'

%. No ne- substance is ormed

Tiada bahan baru yang terbentu'

2; %iagram 12 sho-s the /osition o metal 7 in the reacti(it) series o metals.

0a(ah $ menun(u''an 'edudu'an logam 8 dalam siri 'erea'ti#an logam.

%iagram 12

0a(ah $

'hat is metal 7*

Apa'ah logam 24

17

Metal YLogam Y

CarbonKaron

incZin!

"eactivit# increasesKereaktifan ertamah

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

18/32

". $o//er

Kuprum

+. Iron

+esi

$. "luminium Aluminium

%. 0lumbum 6lumbum

2= %iagram 13 sho-s the reaction bet-een magnesium -ith dilute sul/huric acid.

0a(ah & menun(u''an tinda' balas antara magnesium dengan asid sul#uri' "air.

%iagram 13

0a(ah &'hat is gas 6*Apa'ah gas 84

" O,)gen O'sigen

+ Nitrogen Nitrogen

$ )drogen

,idrogen

% Sul/hur

Sul#ur

3@. %iagram 1 sho-s a sim/le cell.

0a(ah * menun(u''an suatu sel ring'as.

18

/aterAir

Gas XGas X

$i)*te s*)p,*riiAsid sulfurik cair

Manesi*mMagnesium

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

19/32

%iagram 1

0a(ah *

Name solution 6 that can delect the gal(anometer needle.Nama'an larutan 8 yang boleh menyebab'an (arum gal)anometer terpesong.

" "lcohol

Al'ohol

+ %istilled -ater

Air suling

$ Sugar solution

Larutan gula

% Salt solution

Larutan garam

31 %iagram 14 sho-s an e,/eriment carried out at room tem/erature.

19

Copper plateKepingan kuprum

Solution !Larutan X

inc plateKepingan "ink

G

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

20/32

0a(ah - menun(u''an satu e'sperimen yang di(alan'an pada suhu bili'.

+eore "ter

Sebelum Selepas

'hat is the tem/erature recorded ater 4 minutes*Apa'ah suhu yang di"atat'an selepas - minit 4

+eoreSebelum

"terSelepas

" 2=o$ 32o$

+ 32o$ 2=o$

$ 24o$ 14o$

% 2=o$ 2=o$

32 %iagram 15 sho-s the /rocess o electro/lating o an iron ring.

20

D$%&"%M 15 #ajah $%

%()i %(i*m,r(iePepejalnatriumhidroksida

$isti))eaterAir suling

,erm(metertermometer

%(i*m ,r(ies()*ti(nLarutan natrium

hidroksida

$isti))e aterAir suling

,erm(metertermometer

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

21/32

0a(ah / menun(u''an proses penyaduran "in"in besi.

%iagram 15

0a(ah /

'hat is solution +*

Apa'ah larutanX4

" Sil(er nitrateArgentum nitrat

+ Iron CIID sul/hate

>erumDIIE sul#at

$ "luminium nitrate

Aluminium nitrat

% $o//er CIID sul/hate

KuprumDIIE sul#at

33 %iagram 19 sho-s three t)/es o radioacti(e radiation 0 and .

0a(ah 1 menun(u''an tiga (enis sinar radioa'ti# 6 7 dan 0.

%iagram 190a(ah 1

21

$ron ring!in!in esi

Copper plateKepingan kuprum

Solution !Larutan X

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

22/32

'hat are 0 and *

Apa'ah 6 7 dan 04

0

" ?amma +eta "l/ha

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

23/32

34 Substance is used b) archaeologist to estimate the age o Ice !an tra//ed in a

glacier in $anada.+ahan 7 telah diguna'an oleh ahli ar'eologi untu' menganggar'an umur FI"e

ManG yang terperang'ap di dalam glasier di Kanada.

'hat is *

Apa'ah 74

" $arbon>1

Carbon3*

+ $obalt>5@

Cobalt3/?

$ Iodine>131

Iodin3&

% Sodium>2

Natrium3$*

35 %iagram 1= sho-s /rocess 6.

0a(ah B menun(u''an proses 8.

energ)energy

%iagram 1=

0a(ah B

'hat is /rocess 6* Apa'ah proses 84

" #hermal reaction

Tinda' balas haba

+ $hain reaction

Tinda' balas berantai

$ Nuclear Fusion

6ela'uran nu'leus

% Nuclear Fission

6embelahan nu'leus

23

:r(enat(msAtom hidrogen

:r(enat(msAtom hidrogen

:e)i*mat(mAtomhelium

Ne*tr(nNeutron

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

24/32

39 'hich o the ollo-ing /oints A( ( ) and $( the image o the object ormed*

AntaraA, B, C dan D,yang mana'ah titi' ime( ob(e' itu a'an terbentu'4

0lane mirror

Cermin satah

%iagram 2@

5iagram $?

3; 'hich o the ollo-ing ra) diagram is correct*

Mana'ah antara yang beri'ut adalah benar4

24

O;etXObjekX

'$

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

25/32

3= %iagram 21 sho-s the dis/ersion o -hite light.

0a(ah $ menun(u''an penyebaran "ahaya putih.

%iagram 210a(ah $

'hat coloured lights are obser(ed at 0 and * Apa'ah warna "ahaya yang diperhati'an di 6 dan 74

6 7

" ed :ioletMerah Ungu

+ +lue ed+iru Merah

$ :iolet edUngu Merah

% ed +lueMerah +iru

@ 'hich o the ollo-ing is not the im/ortance o colour to animals.

Antara yang beri'ut yang mana'ah bu'an 'epentingan warna pada haiwan.

". "s a -arning signal

Sebagai amaran

+ For gro-th

ntuk /ertumbuhan

$ #o attract mates

Untu' menari' perhatian pasangan

% For camoulage

Untu' penyamaran

25

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

26/32

1 %iagram 22 sho-s a lighted candle that is /laced in ront o a /in hole camera.

0a(ah $$ menun(u''an sebatang lilin yang menyala dileta''an di hadapansebuah 'amera lubang (arum.

%iagram 22

0a(ah $$

'hich o the ollo-ing sho-s the correct image ormed on the screen*

Mana'ah antara beri'ut menun(u''an pembentu'an ime( yang betul pada s'rin4

26

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

27/32

2 %iagram 23 sho-s an object -hich is /laced in ront o a con(e, lens.

0a(ah $& menun(u''an satu ob(e' yang dileta''an di hadapan sebuah 'anta"embung.

%iagram 23

0a(ah $&

'hat are the characteristics o the image ormed*

Apa'ah "iri3"iri ime( yang terbentu'4

" %eminished in(erted real

Lebih 'e"il songsang nyata

+ Same siEe in(erted realSama sai@ songsang nyata

$ !agniied in(erted realLebih besar songsang nyata

% !angiied u/right (irtualLebih besar tega' maya

3 %iagram 2 sho-s scattering o the ra)s o the sun at noon.0a(ah $* menun(u''an penyera'an sinar "ahaya matahari pada wa'tutengahari.

%iagram 2

0a(ah $*

27

2< 2

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

28/32

'hat is light is least scattered 4Apa'ah "ahaya yang paling sedi'it disera''an4

". +lue lightCahaya biru

+. Indigo Gight

Cahaya indigo

$ :iolet light

Cahaya ungu

%. ed light

$ahaya merah

%iagram 24 sho-s an e,/eriment in -hich -hite light /asses through 2 /rismsand a )ello- ilter .

0a(ah $- menun(u''an e'sperimen di mana "ahaya putih melalui dua prismadan penapis berwarna 'uning.

%iagram 24

0a(ah $-

'hat is the coloured light seen on the -hite screen*

Apa'ah warna "ahaya yang dilihat pada s'rintih pu4

" ed

Merah

+ 'hite

0utih

$ +lack

,itam

% 7ello-

Kuning

28

PrismPrisma

PrismPrisma

Ye))( >)ter

Penapiskuning

/,ite

sreenkrinputih

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

29/32

4 %iagram 25 sho-s a beam o -hite light /assing through t-o colour ilters.0a(ah $/ menun(u''an "ahaya putih melaluidua penapiswarna.

%iagram 25

0a(ah $/

+ased on the diagram -hat are the colours that /asses through the ilters*+erdasr'an ra(ah apa'ah warna "ahaya 8 dan 2 yang melalui penapis itu4

8 2

" 7ello- red green ?reen

Kuning merah hi(au ,i(au

+ ed blue green ed blue

Merah biru hi(au Merah biru

$ 7ello-redgreen ed blue

Kuning merah hi(au Merah biru

% 7ello- redgreen ed

Kuning merah hi(au Merah

5 %iagram 29 sho-s a t)/e o /ollution caused b) actor).

0a(ah $1 menun(u''an se(enis pen"emaran disebab'an oleh 'ilang.

%iagram 29

0a(ah $1

29

X Y

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

30/32

'hich can be done to control the /ollution *Apa'ah yang boleh dila'u'an untu' mengawal pen"emaran tersebut4

". "dd more chimne)sMenambah lebih "erobong

+. sing air ilters on the chimne)

Mengguna'an penapis udara pada "erobong

$. Shorten the chimne)

Merendah'an "erobong

%. $o(er the chimne)

Menutup "erobong

9 #he inormation belo- sho-s the industrial /roducts made rom substance 0.

Ma'lumat di bawah menun(u''an bahan3bahan industri yang dihasil'an daribahan 6.

'hat is substance 04

Apa'ah bahan 64

A. rea

Urea

+. "lcohol

Al'ohol

C. "mmonia

Ammonia

5. Sul/hurSul#ur

30

%etergent

5etergen

FertiliEers

+a(a

Nitric acidAsid nitri'

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

31/32

; %iagram 2; sho-s a substance 6.0a(ah $ menun(u''an bahan 8.

%iagram 29

0a(ah $1

'hat is the characteristics o substance 6*

Apa'ah "iri bahan 84

". 'ill not rust easil)Tida' mudah ber'arat

+. %oes not conduct electricit)Tida' mengalir'an arus ele'tri'

$. as lo-er melting and boiling /ointMempunyai ta'at lebur dan ta'at didih yang rendah

%. as dull a//earanceMempunyai permu'aan yang pudar

= #he -ord eHuation belo- re/resents aberBs /rocess or the Industrial

/roduction o "mmonia. #he /roduction o ammonia is an e,othermic reaction.

6ersamaan per'ataan di bawah mewa'ili proses ,aber untu' menghasil'an

ammonia dalam industri. 6enghasilan ammonia merupa'an tinda'balase'sotermi'.

Nitrogen h)drogen "mmonia heat

Nitrogen hydrogen Ammonia haba

'hich o the ollo-ing conditions -ill *e,reasethe /roduction o ammonia*2ang mana'ah antara 'eadaan beri'ut boleh mengurangkanpengeluaran

ammonia 4

31

8/12/2019 Pat Sc f4 Paper 1 2010

32/32

". Go-ering the tem/erature to 4@@ $

Merendah'an suhu sehingga -??HC

+. sing an iron catal)st

Mengguna'an besi sebagai pemang'in

$. Increasing the tem/erature to 1@@@ $

Mening'at'an suhu sehingga ???HC

%. Increasing the /ressure to 2@@ atmos/heres

Mening'at'an te'anan sehingga $?? atmos#era

4@ #he -ord eHuation belo- sho-s the reaction to /roduce a t)/e o ertiliEer.6ersamaan per'ataan di bawah menun(u''an tinda' balas untu' menghasil'an

se(enis ba(a.

"mmonia sul/huric acid FertiliEer 6

Ammonia "sid sulurik +a(a 8

'hat is ertiliser 6 *

Apa'ah ba(a 8 4

" "mmonium sul/hate"mmonium sul#at

+ "mmonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrat

$ "mmonium carbonate

Ammonium 'arbonat

% "mmonium /hos/hate

Ammonium #os#at

!N$ O- T#! U!STION %A%!"

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT