1

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIAFAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK

Aplikasi Pangkalan Data..

Pangkalan Data Multimedia

2

Objektif Pangkalan Data Multimedia

Memahami ciri-ciri data multimedia danpenggunaannya dalam sistem komputerAnda akan:

Mengetahui untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri data multimedia. Mengetahui bagaimana untuk menilai kesukaranuntuk mengaplikasikan ciri-ciri data multimedia dalampangkalan data tradisional. Memudahkan proses mengenalpasti masalahkeperluan pengguna dalam pangkalan data multimedia.

Nature of Multimedia dataImages: colour, b/w, photos, maps, paintings

Graphic objects: drawings, sketches, 3-D objects

Animations: sequences of images or graphic objects

Video: sequences of images generated by a video recorder

Audio:generated by sound recorder

Composite Multimedia: video + audio + text annotation

3

Jenis Data

Semua data disimpan di dalam bentuk binaridan disimpan sebagai fail.

Dalam bahasa mesin (machine language) fail binari mengandungi kod 0 dan 1.

Kod 0 dan 1 akan menentukan jenis data yang disimpan.

Jenis Data

Jenis data termasuk:dokumenimejaudioVideo

Jenis data merujuk kepada bagaimana data disimpan dalam pangkalan data.

4

Query and Retrieval

Multimedia data tidak mudah untukdikelaskan, diindeks dan dicapaiMultimedia database queries can be classified according to the query method. Three most used methods are:

use of keywords, visual browsing (with links), content-based.

Aplikasi

Documentation and keeping RecordsKnowledge distributionEducation and TrainingMarketing, Advertisement, Entertainment, TravelReal-time Control, Monitoring

5

Pangkalan Data Berorientasikan Objek

Trends

6

Definition Object-oriented database – Pangkalan data yang dibangunkan dengan mengaplikasikanparadigma berorientasikan objek.Setiap entiti data akan disimpan sebagai satuobjek.Hubungan pangkalan data ditunjukkanmelalui hubungan antara objek.

Object-Oriented Concepts

AbstractionProcess of identifying the essential aspects of an entity and ignoring the unimportant properties.EncapsulationAn object contains both the data structure and the set of operations that can be used to manipulate it.Information HidingSeparate the external aspects of an object from its internal details.

7

Object-Oriented Concepts (1)

ObjectA unique identifiable entity that contains both the attributes that describe the state of a ‘real world’ object and the actions that are associated with it.MethodObject encapsulates both data and functions into self-contained package. A function are usually called method.

Object-Oriented Concepts (2)ClassAn instance of objectInheritanceAllows one class to be defined as a special case of a more general classOveriding and OverloadingOveriding Define the property in the subclass is the one used.Overloading allows the name of method to be reused within a class definition or across class definition.

8

Object-Oriented Concepts (3)

PolymorphismPolymorphism is a general concepts of overloading. There are three types of polymorphism: operation, inclusion and parametric

Object Oriented Concepts

PersonNameAgeSex

Initialize()Add()

Modify()

Student

StudentNoCourse

ChangeCourse()

Employee

EmployeeNoSalary

ComputeSalary()

NameAgeSex

Initialize()Add()

Modify()

9

The Unified Modeling Language

A language for specifying, visualizing, and constructing the artifacts of software systems.UML notation is useful for graphically depicting an object-oriented analysis or design model.

Contoh OODBMS

ObjectStore PSE( Persistent Storage Engine)Menyediakan platform untuk program dalamJAVAMembina struktur navigasi (Navigational Structure) dalam pangkalan dataMemerlukan semua objek Persistent dalamJAVAObjectStore adalah pangkalan data berorientasikan objek sepenuhnya

10

Produk

CommercialFastObjects (formerly Poet)GemStoneVersantOntosObjectivity/DB

Open SourceOzoneXL2FramerDZope

AcademicObjectStore

Pangkalan Data Teragih

11

Pengenalan

Pangkalan data teragih terdiri daripadasekumpulan node atau tempat-setiap satumewakili satu komputer dan peranti storanmasing-masing.

Pasangan node mungkin ada ‘link’ atausambungan untuk hantar data dalam dua arah

Apakah yang dimaksudkandengan teragih?

Pemprosesan LogikFungsiKawalanData

12

Persekitaran Teragih

Jenis Pangkalan Data Teragih

Homogeneous: Every site runs same type of DBMS.Heterogeneous: Different sites run different DBMSs (different RDBMSs or even nonrelational DBMSs).Client-Server: Client ship query to the server. All query processing at serverCollaborating-Server: Query can span multiple sites

13

Homogeneous Database

Heterogeneous Database

14

DBComputerNetwork

Site 2

Site 1

GSC

DDBMS

DC LDBMS

GSC

DDBMS

DCLDBMS = Local DBMSDC = Data CommunicationsGSC = Global Systems CatalogDDBMS = Distributed DBMS

COMPONENTS OF A DDBMS

Chris Date rules of DDBMSA distributed system looks exactly like a non-distributed system to the user!

1. Local autonomy2. No reliance on a central site3. Continuous operation4. Location independence5. Fragmentation independence6. Replication independence7. Distributed query independence8. Distributed transaction processing9. Hardware independence10. Operating system independence11. Network independence12. Database independence

15

Pangkalan Data atas Web

What is WWW?

The total set of interlinked hypertext documents residing on special servers called Web Server or HTTP Server.

The Web servers are configured to make the information they hold easily accessible to each other and to allow files to be accessed, transferred, and downloaded.

16

What are web database?

Easy access to informationDynamic contentEfficient data collection and modificationConduits to legacy systems

Benefits of Internet Technology

Hardware & software independenceCost savingsUses existing equipmentPlatform independence and portabilityNo need for multiple platform development

Common simple user interfaceReduced trainingReduced support

17

Benefits of Internet Technology (con’t)

Location IndependenceGlobal access through InternetReduced costs for dedicated connections

Rapid development at manageable costsDevelopment toolsLow entry costsAvailable software & access tools

Web-to-Database Middleware

18

Web Server Interfaces

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)A Specification for transfering information between a Web Server and a CGI program

Uses script files to connect to database Perl, C++, VB

Application Programming Interface (API)Newer and more efficientUses DLLs (Dynamic Linked Library) Memory resident and fasterWell known APIs

Netscape (NSAPI)Internet Server API from Microsoft (ISAPI)WebSite API from O’Reilly (WSAPI)

Web Server

A specialized software that responds to client requests by providing resources (Deitel, 2002)Examples of Web Server

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) [Microsoft]Apache [Apache Software Foundation]Apache Tomcat [Apache Software Foundation]Site Server

There are thousands of web server!

19

Databases with Web Capabilities

Microsoft Access XP/2003Claris FileMaker Pro 4.0SQL ServerOracle

•simplicity•low cost•familiarity with product•compatibility

HTML Editors with Database Tools

NetObjects Fusion 3.0Microsoft FrontPage XP*Allaire HomeSite 3.01Macromedia Dreamweaver MX*Visual Interdev (Package with Visual Studio)*

•integration with workflow•low cost•entry-point for more sophisticated approaches

20

Web Scripting LanguageClient SideScript interpreted by the Web BrowserDoes have a limitations, such as browser dependency, scripts are viewable

Javascript (Netscape) Is an object based scripting language that has its root in a joint development program between Nestcape and Sun and has become Netscape’s Web Scripting Language

VBScript (Microsoft)Microsoft proprietary interpreted scripting language whose goalsand operation are virtually identical to those of Javascript/Jscript. It has syntax more like Visual Basic.

Jscript (Microsoft)Microsoft’s Jscript is a clone of the earlier and widely used Javascript.

Server SideActive Server Pages (ASP) [*.asp] (Microsoft)Active Server Pages .NET (ASP.NET) [*.aspx] (Microsoft)Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) [*.php] (Open Source)Java Server Pages (JSP) [*.jsp] (Sun Microsystem)Cold Fusion [*.cfm] (Macromedia)Perl [*.pl] (Open Source)Python [*.py] (Open Source)

21

Other Database Applications?

Intelligent Database?Active Databases?Fuzzy Database?Inductive / Deductive Databases?Spatial Databases?Temporal Databases?Real-time DatabasesData Mining?Many more…