MJC 3333 PENGURUSAN KONFLIK SOSIAL

Kursus ini bertujuan membincangkan tentang pengurusan konflik dengan memberi tumpuan kepada konflik yang berlaku dalam masyarakat terutama yang menjurus aspek sosial. Konflik boleh berlaku pada bila-bila masa dan di mana-mana tempat dari peringkat yang terendah yakni dalam kelompok yang kecil kepada masyarakat global keseluruhannnya. Konflik akan berlaku apabila wujudnya pertentangan, perbezaan dan percanggahan dalam mencapai matlamat termasuklah perbezaan nilai, keperluan dan kepentingan serta persaingan dalam memperoleh sumber yang terhad. Dalam konteks Malaysia pengurusan konflik sosial amatlah penting kerana konflik masyarakat majmuk merangkumi konflik budaya,kelas sosial, agama, perkauman serta ketidaksamarataan dan ketidakimbangan taraf sosio-ekonomi.

SILABUS KULIAH

1. MEMAHAMI KONFLIK

a. DEFINISI,JENIS,PUNCA

b. KONFLIK PERINGKAT INDIVIDU

c. KONFLIK ORGANISASI

d. KONFLIK SOSIAL - BUDAYA

2. PENGURUSAN KONFLIK

- MODEL

- STRATEGI

APAKAH KONFLIK ?

PENYEBAB KONFLIK

JENIS KONFLIK

PROSES DAN TAHAP KONFLIK

Apakah konflik ?

Conflicts as part of human diversity A law of human nature. We hesitate(teragak2) to act untila crisis confronts us

SATU PROSES SEMULA JADI ORGANISMA

KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN – KEINGINAN – MATLAMAT – TINDAKAN

PERBEZAAN PERSEPSI

Conflict as an interactive process manifested in incompatibility,disagreement, or dissonance within or between social entities (i.e., individual,group, organization, etc.). (M. Afzalur Rahim,2002)

By social conflict we generally mean in sociology a form of socialinteraction that involves competition between social groups or collective actors for scarce resources such as status, power, privileges, economic and physical goods, and the like (Kim.2005)

BAGAIMANA KONFLIK BERLAKU ?

Conflict may occur when:

1. A party is required to engage in an activity that is incongruent with his orher needs or interests.

2. A party holds behavioral preferences, the satisfaction of which isincompatible with another person's implementation of his or her preferences.

3. A party wants some mutually desirable resource that is in short supply,such that the wants of everyone may not be satisfied fully.

4. A party possesses attitudes, values, skills, and goals that are salient indirecting his or her behavior but are perceived to be exclusive of the attitudes, values,skills, and goals held by the other(s).

5. Two parties have partially exclusive behavioral preferences regarding theirjoint actions.

6. Two parties are interdependent in the performance of functions or activities

PANDANGAN ATAU PERSEPSI TENTANG KONFLIK

1. sesuatu yang amat negatif – perlu dielak,diatasi,dihapuskan

2. suatu keadaan semula jadi dalam kumpulan atau masyarakat. Tidak boleh dielakkan tapi satu pendorong

3. suatu keadaan yang amat diperlukan untuk survival – dan perlu diuruskan

APAKAH SEBENARNYA YANG KITA MAHU ? SELESAIKAN MASALAH KONFLIK ?

Conflict Resolution

Vs

Conflict Management

Conflict resolution implies reduction,elimination, or termination of conflict. A large number of studies on negotiation,bargaining, mediation, and arbitration fall into the conflict resolution category.

Conflict management does not necessarily imply avoidance, reduction, or termination of conflict. It involves designing effective macro-level strategies to minimize the dysfunctions of conflict and enhancing the constructive functions of conflict in order to enhance learning and effectiveness in an organization.

SIFAT KONFLIK

1. Konflik konstruktif

2. Konflik distruktif

Amat penting pemahaman konflik agar dapat membuat peramalan, perubahan, memperoleh menafaat daripada kesan konflik

Conflict is a phenomenon that may give rise to both beneficial and functional consequences, as well as having important positive and negative effects on individuals, groups and organizations(De Dreu & Van de Vliert, 1997; Pondy, 1967).

Therefore, it is necessary for management to have access to diagnosis and intervention tools that may allow it to keep conflict within certain limits.

Apakah punca konflik ?

Faktor Biologi

Teori Struggle for Life – Teori Evolusi Darwin

Teori Racialist – perkauman

Psikologi

o Personaliti – introvert and ekstrovert

Geografi

o Konflik politik antara negara -

- Iklim dan alam semula jadi – sumber terhad

- Negara padang pasir vs negara tropika

- Sistem Teknologi Komunikasi - mengubah ruang geografi – kepantasan maklumat mengubah persepsi

Demografi – struktur kependudukan

- Remaja vs orang tua

- Taburan saiz penduduk, jantinan, migrasi bandar luar bandar

- Teori oleh Malthus – ledakan kependudukan meledakkan konflik

- Perubahan struktur institusi keluarga. Kemusnahan ikatan sosial

Faktor Budaya

- Adat,agama,ideologi