kenali suku etnik iban

7/26/2019 Kenali suku etnik Iban

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Introduction

History

The Ibans are a branch of the Dayak peoples of Borneo. In Malaysia, most Ibans are located

in Sarawak, a small portion in Sabah and some in west Malaysia. They were formerly known

during the colonial period by the British as Sea Dayaks. Ibans were renowned for practising

headhunting and tribal or territorial expansion and had a fearsome reputation as a strong and

successful warring tribe in ancient times.

The origin of the name Iban is a mystery, although

many theories exist. During the British colonial era, the Ibans were called Sea Dayaks. Some

beliee that the word Iban was an ancient original Iban word for people or man. The modern!

day Iban word for people or man is mensia, a slightly modified Malay loan word of the same

meaning "manusia#.

Since the arrial of $uropeans and the subse%uent colonisation of the area,

headhunting gradually faded out of practice although many tribal customs, practices and

language continue. These make them recognise as brae and aggriee in war "nyagau# and

always bring back ictim head as proe of their braeness.

Living

The Iban population is concentrated in Sarawak, Brunei, and in the &est 'alimantan region

of Indonesia. They lie in longhouses called rumah panjang located besides the rier or the

main road. (owadays, most of the Iban longhouses are e%uipped with modern facilities such

as electricity and water supply and other facilities such as "tar sealed# roads, telephone lines

and the internet. )ounger Ibans are mostly found in urban areas and isit their hometowns

during the holidays. The Ibans today are becoming increasingly urbanised while retaining

most of their traditional heritage and culture.

Activities

The Ibans were the original inhabitants of Borneo Island, they were originally

farmers, hunters, and gatherers. Most of the Iban people inoled in agricultural actiities

especially paddy. Iban people in ancient times, as wide open wilds affordable so as to harest

a lot. *nyone who can get a lot of harest, he was considered rich. Thereby, the Iban

community was said to be one of the people who were famous for the cultiation of paddy. In

order to preent the site from barren, they nomadic and explore the new site with the aim of


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getting a good harest. This effort indirectly, putting people Sarawak Iban tribe as haing the

highest Tanah *dat Bumiputera.

Belief system

+or the Iban, rice cultiation is one aspect of their customs and culture. Their whole life is

closely related to rice cultiation. *ccording to their beliefs rice spirit is the spirit that

permeated their ancestors in the plant "Sutlie, -/#. Thereby all actiities related to the

cultiation of rice is considered sacred and demanding respect, obserations and serious

effort. Therefore eery step or gestures in eeryday Ibane0 life has certain implications for

the success or the failure to obtain a lucratie harest. *s the preention, the Ibane0 ery

concerned about the taboo and often hold ceremonies to beg for forgieness, blessing of god

"1etara, 'ing Sempulang 2hana#, to pray or gie thanks according to specific conditions.

Such councils are usually shaped parties and gatherings.

Language

Iban has its own language, call Bahasa Iban. It has many similarities with Bahasa

Malayu. Bahasa Iban language is a homogeneous language and 3ust differ in pronunciation,

intonation and terms according to their respectie areas. In British rule, the Bahasa Iban

language used in court for trial while in primary schools in the area occupied by the Iban,

Iban language is used as a ernacular language at standard to 4 before the $nglish language

used at standard 5 and 6 "*smah, -/# . Bahasa Iban is also offered as one of the sub3ects in

the 7unior 8ertificate examination Sarawak since it began in -5. Bahasa Iban exam offered

in 9ower 8ertificate of $ducation "98$#, Si3il :endah 1ela3aran "S:1#, 1enilaian Menengah

:endah "1M:#, Si3il 1ela3aran Malaysia ";


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cooked. The uni%ueness of using the bamboo stem to cook is that the bamboo will gie a

special aroma and texture to the food where it?s impossible to hae using other methods such

as using woks. Most of the time they cook manok pansoh "chicken pansuh#, which features

chicken and lemongrass cooked in a bamboo log oer an open fire. This natural way of

cooking seals in the flaours and produces astonishingly tender chicken with gray perfumed

with lemongrass and bamboo. They always sere it during 8hristmas and 2awai.

Since they settled in the Malaysian state of Sarawak oer 4


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and ai untong "profit drink#. *nother type of a stronger alcoholic drink is called langkau

which contains a higher alcohol content because it is actually made of tuak which has been

distilled oer fire to boil off the alcohol from the tuak, cooled down and collected into

containers.

Cloth

Iban man always famous with lanjangor hat is decorated with a peacock feather , a bird

name :uai. Men are also releant to haepantangor tattoos are cared on their bodies. The

practice of tattoos is still longer practiced today and he described the art Iban ery uni%ue and

interesting. 8arings were often cared on their bodies is like caring Bunga Terong, wild

beasts, and so on. In addition, also, the practice also together with the Iban is ears pierced.

Do not think men and women. @oweer, in contemporary times, the practice was no longer

practiced, but the womanAs sake only the ear piercing earring attached as decoration.

In ancient times, men also wear Sirat fabric. Sirat cloth is a piece of cloth measuring

5


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byNgepanmade of tin and it looks like stacked coins hanging!drop. +eet also hae 3ewellery

is beautiful and eery anklet will be placedgerunchungthe issue of sound that attracts the

attention of anyone who hears it.

Such is the case with womenAs clothing. 8lothing made clothes is called 9eanback

"bedong# which is a type of woen fabrics of a ery long and desere in the chest. &hile

sarong worn until her knee. The sarong fabric is woen with a pattern of colourful stripes.

Some of them were also decorated with traditional motifs and songket patterns with gold or

siler thread on a red base fabric.

Culture

Iban dance community has %uite an interesting and uni%ue. *mong the most popular is the

Iban (ga3at Dance. The dance is diided into seeral types but done on time and for the

same time during the festie season deices. The Iban will feast on a ariety of dance to

celebrate the spirit of the rice plant, when completed only harest. *mong the types of dance

practiced is (ga3at 9esong, (gayat Bebunoh, (ga3at 1ua 'umbu, (ya3at Indu and more.

During this dance is danced, played gendang and dancers will be dancing by pounding of

gendang.

The Iban music called taboh is made by playing a set of the four musical instruments

namely engkerumong, tawak, bebendai and ketubong or sometimes called bedup which are

respectiely played by each person in synchroni0ation. There are arious kinds of taboh

depending the purpose and types of nga3at like alun lundai. The gendang can be played in

some distinctie types corresponding to the purpose and type of each ceremony with the most

popular ones are called gendang rayah and gendang pampat.

&hile singing or playing too 9eka Main so uni%ue and multifunctional. The leka main that

they are still releant today ias the poem, browse, :enong, 2anu, stuffy, cattle, or buckle,

bebiau, naku waiting nutmeg, intelligent, and more. Sense of longing, insinuating a subtle

way, presenting grieances and complaints, childrenAs entertainment as well as the inspiration

or motiation.


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If studied, and studied more deeply engrossed with main or traditional literature Iban

community, it looks more attractie when compared with literature or poetry other indigenous

communities. Types of his poems ery much appeared again uni%ueness found in the poem.

Through this poem sung or played, it can be known mind!set, outlook on life, the eents that

occurred, the social order and public trust in Iban.

+urthermore it is deliered orally and inherited by the Iban community at present

although not eeryone knows sing or sing. * benefit in turn, is when it is deliered from the

primitie society or pagan animism. Main complacent or poetry is spread orally and it is

collectie and functional. The shape is still bound by certain conentions and this attachment

has gien him the distinction of traditional poetry genre other ethnic in Sarawak. Iban

community should be proud because of their ersatility to play with words and ery beautiful

to heard.

(owdays, many Iban liing in large cities in Sarawak. They work as goernment

serants and in priate sector. @oweer they still hae a close relationship with their

hometown. The length of life at home is maintained een hae occurred many moderni0ation.

*ll indigenous of Iban is under the establishment of (atie 8ustoms 8ouncil "Ma3lis *daIstiadat# -4 and Mahkamah Bumiputera at 7abatan 'etua Menteri (egeri Sarawak.


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Iban 8loth


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Things in the Tradisional Iban 9onghouse

kenali suku etnik iban

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