Multi-network Data Path for 5G Mobile Multimedia

Xichun Li, Rosli Salleh Department of Computer System and Technology

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya 50603

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Lixichun@yahoo.com, Rosli_salleh@um.edu.my

Abdulla Aani, Omar Zakaria Department of Computer System and Technology

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya 50603

Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Abdullah@um.edu.my, omarzakaria@um.edu.my

Abstract— The current existing multimedia services have been achieved mainly by fixed internet networks. The 4th Generation (4G) wireless mobile multimedia internet networks integrate with IPv6, LAS-CDMA, OFDM, MC-CDMA, UWB, Networks-LMDS and fixed internet networks to support mobile multimedia services as the same quality of service as fixed internet, which is an evolution not only to move beyond the limitations and problems of 3G, but also to enhance the quality of services, to increase the bandwidth and to reduce the cost of the resource. The 5th wireless mobile multimedia internet networks are real wireless world, which are completed wireless communication without limitation. In this paper, we propose Multi-network data path for 5G real wireless multimedia world.

Keywords-Multi-network, 5G, Mobile Multimedia

I. INTRODUCTION The next generation networks, the Information

Technology (IT) industry and media industry must be combined with telecommunications to support multimedia service for mobile users. As a result, mobile communications together with computer internet networks will penetrate into the various fields of our society. Thus, the user expectations are increasing with regard to a large variety of services and applications with different degree of quality of service (QoS), which is related to delay, data rates and bit error requirements [1].

At this moment, many countries have established projects for 4G systems development. However, the first start to this project is the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is the same organization that developed the wired internet [2]. Since the distributed architecture has been so successful in the wired internet, they chose the same distributed architecture for 4G wireless mobile internet. 4G is still developing in laboratories, experts and policymakers haven’t yet to agree on all the aspects of 4G wireless networks [3]. Most people have the same understanding of 4G: integration, which integrates with IPv6, OFDM, MC-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB and Network-LMDS [4].

IPv6 is basic protocol for address issue in 4G networks. OFDM stands for orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing, which transmitting large amounts of digital data over a radio wave. OFDM works by splitting the radio

signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver. LAS-CDMA stands for Large Area Synchronized Code Division Multiple Access, which enables high-speed data and increases voice capacity. It is designed for global area. MC-CDMA stands for Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access, which is designed for running on wide area, called macro cell. The Network-LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution System, is the broadband wireless technology used to carry voice, data, internet and video services in 25GHz and higher spectrum. It is designed for micro cell.

It seams that 4G integrates all access networks resulting in overlap coverage area [5]. This may cause network resources wasted in the overlap coverage area. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution for this situation through utilizing multiple network radio frequencies in 5G. From theatrical point, any two networks radio frequencies can be utilized.

In this paper, the Multi-network data path design is based on MC-CDMA and WLAN networks, which focuses on networks resources management.

This paper is organized as in section 1 is an introduction and section 2 is literature review. A design of Multi-network data path is in section 3, we describe the implementation about the data path in section 4, and finally, section 5 is conclusions.

II. THE LITERATURE REVIEW CDMA development group (CDG) has issued

convergence architecture for 4G, which combined with pico cell, micro cell, macro cell and global area shown in Figure 1. This architecture clearly shows that in pico-cell area, there are four wireless networks covered, in micro cell area, there are three wireless networks covered, in macro cell area, and there are two wireless networks covered at least. The problem is for any users at a certain place and time, it is one network supply wireless services for them, the others keep wireless network resources waste.

2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

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2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

978-0-7695-3522-7/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ICCSN.2009.107

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2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

978-0-7695-3522-7/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ICCSN.2009.107

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2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

978-0-7695-3522-7/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ICCSN.2009.107

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2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

978-0-7695-3522-7/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ICCSN.2009.107

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2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

978-0-7695-3522-7/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ICCSN.2009.107

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Figure 1. 4G convergence network [6]

The focus of this paper is on the 5G real wireless multimedia mobile internet to provide data services within integrating of MC_CDMA-WLAN network. Thus, the main system components of the CDMA-WLAN packet domain architecture are remodeled as in Figure 2. The architecture consists of the mobile node (MN), the base station (BS), the packet control function (PCF), the Packet data service node (PDSN), the access point (AP), and the packet data interworking function (PDIF).

Figure 2. The main system components

The mobile node can be handset, laptop, personal digital assistant, etc. they can work on the full TCP/IP protocol with data/multimedia application models.

The base station (BS) and the access point (AP) provide radio interface and radio link management functionality for the mobile node. And both of them provide connectivity to packet control function (PCF) and packet data interworking function (PDIF). The detailed discussion of packet control function (PCF) is in [3]. For PDIF, 3GPP2, the

standardization organization of CDMA2000 has specified the function of PDIF in [7].

The packet data service node (PDSN) provides IP interface to the internet. For session management and radio resource management, we assume that a CDMA connection is already established under the overlapping area, and the WLAN radio resource is available for setting up a new connection. The new proposed Multi-network data path distributes data request through MC_CDMA network and gets reply through WLAN network. The model design and Multi-network data path design overview will be presenting in following sections.

III. MULTI-NETWORK DATA PATH DESIGN In order to design Multi-network data path, we propose a

new data model as shown in Figure 3. This model is based on any two networks overlay area. When a mobile node comes into the overlay area, both of the two networks can supply services for the mobile node simultaneously. Data request can be sent from any one network, and reply can be from any other network.

In this model, the MN request can go through the first connection (MN → BS → PDSN → CN) and the resulting reply can come from the second connection (CN → PDSN → AP → MN). Thus, two networks supply services for the mobile node simultaneously.

Figure 3. Multi-network data path model design

Following this model, we propose Multi-network data path shown in Figure 4, which contains four components. They are bandwidth management, bandwidth selection, packet receiver and bandwidth monitor.

In Figure 4, the function of bandwidth management is to install and delete bandwidth monitor components dynamically, when it receives indication messages from the mobile IPv6 protocol. The bandwidth management is located at both ends of the sender and the receiver. On each path, there is one bandwidth monitor installed. The function of bandwidth monitor is to monitor the available bandwidth and calculate the proper transmission rates on the corresponding path. The current existing path is informed by the bandwidth management after installing/deleting each

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bandwidth monitor. The bandwidth monitor will provide the rates information when it receives the current existing path information from bandwidth management. The function of the bandwidth selection is to calculate and report encoding rates to encoder, and then IPv6 applications will be encoded to appropriate paths. The packets receiver accepts incoming packets from the bandwidth monitor, filters and reorders before sending them to the decoder. A detailed description on each of these four modules is given in the following sub-sections.

Figure 4. Multi-network data path design

IV. SIMULATION DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

A. System Design

To evaluate the performance of the Multi-network data path scheme, we have designed a simulation system. The Multi-network data path simulation system design is based on the following two ideas:

• The Multi-network data path is supported by any two different networks simultaneously, which can work on a mobile node; and

• Bandwidth optimization through bandwidth reselection, which make rerouting from one network to another when a mobile node gets reply from its corresponding node.

The above two ideas are from internet application characteristics and its application requests bandwidth is less than the reply bandwidth [8].

B. System Implementation

The system implementation can be divided into two cases as follows:

• IPv6 message exchanges for establishing new data path between two networks; and

• Data transmission on the established new path. In the first case, when a mobile node comes into WLAN

overlapping region from a MC-CDMA coverage area, it sends requests through MC-CDMA and gets reply for higher data rates from WLAN networks. The second case, after the new multi-network data path is established, internet session will be transmitted on the data path.

C. Simulation Parameters

In order to investigate the impact of Multi-network data path scheme within MC-CDMA and WLAN convergence architecture, the following network parameters are evaluated:

• Throughput and Available bandwidth; and • Buffer requirements. In this simulation, we research group calculates the

available bandwidth in a wireless cell by the link speed minus the volume of background traffic generated in the wireless cell [9]. Owing to the packet encapsulation overhead and the control overhead to the MAC layer, the actual throughput is much lower than the available bandwidth. In this experiment, the actual throughput is around 100Mbps with the available bandwidth of 5Gbps, and 1Gbps with the available bandwidth of 25bps [10]. In the simulation, the available bandwidth in a wireless cell is varied from 5Gbps to 25Gbps. In the set of simulation experiments, the default value of round trip time is 60ms.

D. Performance Metrics

The special issues in the Multi-network data path scheme are buffer requirement and bandwidth recalculation. When Ipv6 packets come down to network layer from application layer, the packets have to do bandwidth reselection between WLAN and MC-CDMA. This reselection will be based on bandwidth calculation which has been done by bandwidth monitor component. After the calculation, the result then transfers to the bandwidth management so that Ipv6 packets can make a choice. During these procedures, the Ipv6 packets have to be queued in the buffer of sender. After these packets received by packets receiver, all of them have to be queued in buffer of receiver for filtering and recombining.

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E. System Testing

The performance of the Multi-network data path scheme is evaluated through extensive simulation using JaNetSim. The objective of the simulation is two-fold:

• To verify that Multi-network data path establish; and • To verify that the Ipv6 works on the Multi-data path

properly. We have developed the simulation that consists of the

mobile node (MN), the corresponding node (CN), the packet data service node (PDSN) and the packet data interworking function (PDIF) as shown in Figure 3. The original design is that Ipv6 packet sends request though MN to PDSN and finally arrives in CN; the reply should be from CN to PDIF and finally arrives in MN. Therefore, there are two items that need to be verified through out this testing as follows:

a) Multi-network data path test

This test is to verify the establishing of the Multi-network

data path. A simple network with four nodes has been established for this test (see Figure 3). We default the values of “call attempt” and “call accepted” are “0”, after the testing, the values of “call attempt” and “call accepted” become “1”. The testing result shows that Ipv6 messages can be sent through Multi-network data path.

b) Data transmission test

This test is to verify that data transition on the Multi-

network data path between CN and mobile node. In our simulation, the items of “total packet send” and “total packet receive”, the amount of “total packet send” is “316” and the amount of “total packet receive” is “1269”. The relationship of the two values shows that the “total packet send” is one fourth of the “total packet receive”. From Lucent research, the internet application bandwidth request is one fourth of the reply [8]. This relationship just indicates that data transmission on the Multi-network data path.

V. RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS According to prediction for 5G in [11], the available

bandwidth is from 5Gbps to 25Gbps, this is enough wide for mobile user. Thus, for performance analysis we research group have focused on buffer requirement and numerical results.

A. Buffer Requirement Analysis

According to ITU (International Telecommunication Unit) standards, for a non-real-time internet session, the buffer time, tB , is defined as the length of time that the packets are released from the existing route to a new route which is established and this is calculated as follows [12]:

), MNCNtt RB （= (1) During the course of the simulation, the IPv6 packets

were transmitting from CN to MN, using the any two nodes distances by the packets rate to calculate the buffer time for the IPv6 packets which is from CN to MN. In the formula above, one can denote the buffer time as

),( MNCNtR which is shown in (1). This represents the time that the controlled-load traffic is buffered by CN. Then, the required buffer size, sB , is calculated as follows:

rts PBB *= (2)

srr PbP *= (3)

From the formula, the buffer size ( sB ) is equal to buffer

time ( tB ) times with packet rate ( rP ), and the packet rate

( rP ) is equal to bit rate ( rb ) times with the packet size

( sP ). Thus, we can get buffer size ( sB ) as follows:

srts PbBB **= (4)

B. Numerical Results

Figure 5 shows the buffer size requirements in the Multi-network data path scheme. As the number of internet reselection session increased, the buffer size requirement is increased. This is because in formula (4) above, the buffer size depends on three factors: buffer time ( tB ), bit rate ( rb )

and the packet size ( sP ). In the simulation system, the buffer time depends on the distance of the two nodes, but it is fixed, no any changes. The packet size ( sP ) should be same in the

whole simulation. Thus, the buffer size ( sB ) depends on bit

rates ( rb ). On the other hand, Figure 5 also shows that the buffer requirements are same whatever with bandwidth reselection or without bandwidth reselection. This is because that there are same numbers of active data sessions applying for buffer spaces in both cases.

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

200

220

240

260

Number of Active

Session

Buffer Size Requirements

bits X 1000000 without

Bandwidthselectionwith bandwidthselection

Figure 5. Buffer size requirements

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VI. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we proposed Multi-network data path for

5G real wireless world. Data requests will be controlled by PDSN (Packets Data Service Node) in MC-CDMA network and data reply will be controlled by PDIF (Packet Data Interworking Function) in WLAN network. Data traffic is rerouted through PDSN from MC_CDMA network to WLAN network. The Multi-network data path has been defined to do bandwidth reselection for rerouting so that all the network resources can be used efficiently.

The simulation results have been evaluated through buffer requirement analysis and numerical figure. Actually, we have defined available bandwidth and buffer requirement to measure the system performance, but the available bandwidth is enough wide for 5G real wireless world. We focus on buffer requirement only.

The new Multi-network data path does not consider issues such as congestion relief, re-negotiated QoS, or the movement pattern of the mobile node. In future, there is a need to develop a new detection algorithm that can support the broad level of network integration promised by the 5G wireless system.

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[7] 3GPP (2002). Feasibility study on 3GPP system to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interworking (Release 6). 3GPP, TR 22.934 V6.1.0. http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/2002-12/Rel-6/22_series/22934-610.zip.

[8] Lucent technologies, “Wireless Network Systems-3G Engineering Guidelines”. June 2001.

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