end to end functionality testing of gsm nei'works by
TRANSCRIPT
END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NEIWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
Othman Bin Mohamed Yudin
Bachelor of Engineering with HonoursTK (Electronics and Computer Engineering)5103483
2004087 2004
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARA W AK
BORANG PENYERAHAN TESIS R13a
Judui END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
SESI PENGAJIAN 20032004
Saya OTHMAN B MOHAMED YUDIN (HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan (esis ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut
I Tesis adalah hakmilik Universili Malaysia Sarawak
2 Pusat Khidmat Maklwnat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan uotuk tujuan pengajian sahaja
3 Membuat pendigitan untuk membangunkan Pangkaian Data Kandungan Tempatan
4 Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ioi sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi peugajian tinggi
5 Sila tandakan ( ~ ) di kotak yang berkenaan
D SULIT (Mengandungi makJumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Maiaysia seperti yang termaktub di daiam AKTA RAHSIA RASM[ i972)
D TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang teiab ditentukan oieh organisasiJ badan di mana penyelidikan dijaiankan)
IV I TIDAK TERHAD
(T A ND A TflIlt-I-NULIS)
Aiamat tetap 659middotA Lorong
Masjid Chicha 16150 En Theiaha Masri
Nama Penyelia Kota Bharu Kelantan
Tarikh Tarikh
CATATAN bull Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Fal sa fah Sarjana dan Sarjana Muda
Jika tes is ini SUUT atau TERHAD sila lampirkan sural daripada pihak berkuasaorgmisas i berkenaan de ngan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tes is int perlu dikelaska n sebagai SULIT dan TERHA D
Laporan Projek Tahun Akhir berikut
Tajuk END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
Nama penuli s Othman Bin Mohamed Yudin
Matrik 5519
telah dibaca dan disahkan oleh
t 11 ~I Zoot -------------tt~~---------
Tarikh Penyelia
-~-r( 1 1 middot
Vi
END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
PKHIDMATMAKLUMA TAKAOEMIK UMIMAS
111111 11111111111111111 1000126923
OTHMAN BIN MOHAMED YUDIN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering with Honours
(Electronics amp Computer Engineering)
I Faculty of Engineering
UNIVERS ITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2004
To my Beloved fathermother sisters and brothers You are the best
Love you all forever
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARA W AK
BORANG PENYERAHAN TESIS R13a
Judui END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
SESI PENGAJIAN 20032004
Saya OTHMAN B MOHAMED YUDIN (HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan (esis ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut
I Tesis adalah hakmilik Universili Malaysia Sarawak
2 Pusat Khidmat Maklwnat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan uotuk tujuan pengajian sahaja
3 Membuat pendigitan untuk membangunkan Pangkaian Data Kandungan Tempatan
4 Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ioi sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi peugajian tinggi
5 Sila tandakan ( ~ ) di kotak yang berkenaan
D SULIT (Mengandungi makJumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Maiaysia seperti yang termaktub di daiam AKTA RAHSIA RASM[ i972)
D TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang teiab ditentukan oieh organisasiJ badan di mana penyelidikan dijaiankan)
IV I TIDAK TERHAD
(T A ND A TflIlt-I-NULIS)
Aiamat tetap 659middotA Lorong
Masjid Chicha 16150 En Theiaha Masri
Nama Penyelia Kota Bharu Kelantan
Tarikh Tarikh
CATATAN bull Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Fal sa fah Sarjana dan Sarjana Muda
Jika tes is ini SUUT atau TERHAD sila lampirkan sural daripada pihak berkuasaorgmisas i berkenaan de ngan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tes is int perlu dikelaska n sebagai SULIT dan TERHA D
Laporan Projek Tahun Akhir berikut
Tajuk END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
Nama penuli s Othman Bin Mohamed Yudin
Matrik 5519
telah dibaca dan disahkan oleh
t 11 ~I Zoot -------------tt~~---------
Tarikh Penyelia
-~-r( 1 1 middot
Vi
END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
PKHIDMATMAKLUMA TAKAOEMIK UMIMAS
111111 11111111111111111 1000126923
OTHMAN BIN MOHAMED YUDIN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering with Honours
(Electronics amp Computer Engineering)
I Faculty of Engineering
UNIVERS ITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2004
To my Beloved fathermother sisters and brothers You are the best
Love you all forever
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
Laporan Projek Tahun Akhir berikut
Tajuk END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
Nama penuli s Othman Bin Mohamed Yudin
Matrik 5519
telah dibaca dan disahkan oleh
t 11 ~I Zoot -------------tt~~---------
Tarikh Penyelia
-~-r( 1 1 middot
Vi
END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
PKHIDMATMAKLUMA TAKAOEMIK UMIMAS
111111 11111111111111111 1000126923
OTHMAN BIN MOHAMED YUDIN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering with Honours
(Electronics amp Computer Engineering)
I Faculty of Engineering
UNIVERS ITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2004
To my Beloved fathermother sisters and brothers You are the best
Love you all forever
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
-~-r( 1 1 middot
Vi
END TO END FUNCTIONALITY TESTING OF GSM NETWORKS BY USING PJG 2000
PKHIDMATMAKLUMA TAKAOEMIK UMIMAS
111111 11111111111111111 1000126923
OTHMAN BIN MOHAMED YUDIN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering with Honours
(Electronics amp Computer Engineering)
I Faculty of Engineering
UNIVERS ITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2004
To my Beloved fathermother sisters and brothers You are the best
Love you all forever
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
To my Beloved fathermother sisters and brothers You are the best
Love you all forever
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to dedicate this proj ect to all my family members especially
my parents for giving me their full supp01S encouragement and love during the period of this
study
I also would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervi sor Mr
Thelaha Masri for being supportive and willing to sacrifice his precious time in providing
guidance and advice to make thi s project a success
Not fo rgotten thanks to all my colleagues and fri ends especially those who are from
Electronics and Computer Program and Elect ronics and Telecommunication Program which
giving me supP011S and ideas when I faced difficulty in my project A special thanks also to
Mr Zakaria fo r assisting me while doing lab training and testing
Last but not least I would like to express my most appreci ation to the Faculty Of
Engineering under the good leadership of Prof Khaimdin Abd Hamid as Dean for allowing
and providing me to use all kind of resources available in the laboratory espec ially the P 1G
2000 testing tools
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
ABSTRAK
Salah satu datipada bahagian penting dalam teknologi komunikasi jarak jauh ialah operasi
pengujian dan membaikpulih sistem yang akan memainkan peranan penting dalam
memastikan kecekapan sistem beroperasi Sebagai salah satu penyeJesaian kepada keperluan
itu ialah dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 sebagai alat ujian Pembeli sentiasa mengharapkan
perkhidmatan yang terbaik daripada pihak operator GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)Oleh itu pihak operator mesti memastikan mutu rangkaian mereka sentiasa
diberi pengawasan yang terbaik Setiap penambahan elemen barn dalam rangkaian julat
penomboran ataupun penggunaan perkakasan lembut yang baru dalam MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) perlu dipastikan akan menghasilkan perkhidmatan mengikut jangkaan
Semua keperluan ujian itu boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan PJG 2000 Oleh itu
menerusi projek ini P JG 2000 akan digunakan untuk menjalankan ujian fungsi dati hujung ke
hujung ke atas rangkaian GSM Melalui laporan ini kupasan dan penerangan tentang evolusi
system komunikasi jarak jauh bergerak dan GSM telah dilakukan menerusi bab I dan 2
Dalam bab 3 penerangan tentang kebolehfungsian P JG 2000 telah dilakukan Prosedur dan
langkah-langkah yang telah diambil untuk menjalankan ujian telah diterangkan dalam bab 4
Manakala dalam bab 5 keputusan telah direkod dan dibincangkan Akhimya kesimpulan dan
cadangan ke at as projek ini telah dinyatakan dalam bab 6 Hanya dua datpada tiga kaedah
ujian utama yang disertakan bersama-sama alat ini akan digunakan di sebabkan keperluan
ujian yang tidak mencukupi Selain daripada itu ia juga disertakan dengan beberapa aplikasi
utama yang akan digunakan daJam ujian Akhimya ujian dilakukan di beberapa tempat yang
dipilih untuk mendapatkan mutu perkihidmatan rangkaian GSM dalam us aha untuk
menyiapkan tesis ini
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
ABSTRACT
One of the important part in telecommunication technology is the testing and maintenance
operation which will play an important role to enhance the networks effi ciency As one of the
solution for that purpose is by using PIG 2000 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) subscriber will expect to have an efiicient service from the GSM operator at
all the time For that reason the GSM operator need to make sure that their networks
performance are under a perfect surveillance Any new network elements numbering ranges
or MSC software releases to the existence system need to be veritled that it can provide the
expected services All the test can be done by using PIG 2000 Hence through this project the
PJG-2000 is used to conduct the end to end functionality testing on GSM networks Through
the report literature reviews on the evolution of mobile telecommunication system and GSM
is elaborated in chapter 1 and 2 In chapter 3 the functionality of PIG 2000 was covered Then
the procedures and steps taken in order to execute the test is impl emented and discussed in
chapter 4 While in chapter 5 the result was recorded reviewed and discussed Finally the
conclusion and recommendation was done in chapter 6The PIG 2000 offered three main
testing methods but only two methods will be applied in this project because of the testing
requirement is hard to fu lfill Beside that PJG 2000 also comes with a few main applications
that will be utilized for the functionality testing purposed Finally to complete the thesis
testing was conducted at a few selected areas to obtain the GSM networks performance
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRAK ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE
11 12 121 122 123 13 14
CHAPTER TWO
21 22 2 3 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 24 25 2 51 252 253 254 255 2 6
261 262
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution of Mobile Tel ephone System Project Overview Commissioning Operation Troubleshooting Project Objectives MethodOlogy
Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM)
Services Provided by GSM The System Architecture of GSM A network of Cells Functional Elements in GSM network Mobile Station (MS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Regi ster (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Equipment Identity Register (EIR) General Overview of the Subsystem Partition Area In GSM Networks GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells Required Steps In The Fonnation Of a Cal Connection Request Paging Procedure
III
PAGE
11
UI
VI
vii
I 5 5 6 6 7 8
10
I I 12 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22
23 23 24
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
263 264 265 266 266 1 2662 267 267 I 2672 27 28 281 282 282 1 2822 2823 28231 28232 28233 28234 28235
CHAPTER THREE
31 32 321 322 323 33 34 35 36 37
37 1 372 373
CHAPTER FOUR
41
411 412 413
Identification Procedure 24 Authentication 25 Ciphering 26 Call Clearing 26 Mobi le Initiated (Network-Tenninated Call) 26 Network Initiated (Mobi le Tenninated Call) 27 IMSI Attach and Detach 27 IMSI Attach Procedure 27 IMSI Detach Procedure 28 Location Update 29 Maintenance 30 Background 30 Maintenance Approaches 3 1 Preventive Maintenance 3 1 Controlled Maintenance 31 Corrective Maintenance 31 Fault Detection 32 Fault Notification 32 Fault Verification 32 Fault Clearing 32 Service Verification 32
Equipment Application and Training 33
Introduction 33 PJO 2000 Composition 33 PJO Platfonn (Hardware and Software) 35 Plug in Test Module 37 Application Software Licences 37 PJO 2000 Description 38 Special Features Virtual SIM Displacement(VSD I) 38 Main Testing Method 39 Main Applications 40 Functional Testing In The Operation and Maintenance of OSM Networks 42 Initial Test 43 Re-Testing After Network Changes 43 Periodic Retesting 43
Test Implementation Using PJG-2000 44
Application Software Licences For Test 44 Program
Roaming test programs 46 MSC Test Program 48 IREO Test Program 49
IV
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
414 415 42 421 422 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 43 431 4311 4312 43 13 4314 43 15 432
4321 43 22 4323
4324
432 5 43 26 433 4331 4332
CHAPTER FIVE
5 1 511 512 513 52
CHAPTER SIX
61 62
Reference Appendices
V AS Test Program 50 Traffic Test Program 51 important Step In Executing The Test Using PJG-2000 52 Preparing the setup equipment 52 Configuration For the Test Requirement 54 SIM Configuration 54 PSTN Line Configuration 55 Network Selection Configuration 57 Hardware Modules Configuration 61 VSD I Connection to Remote Configuration 6 1 Test Executed in this Project 62 PJG-SWOO-Test Cases forBasic Speech Teleservice 62 Location Update (LU) 62 Mobile Originated Call To Mobile (MOC-M) 62 Mobile Originated Call to PSTN (MOC-P) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from Mobile (MTC-M) 63 Mobile Terminated Call from PSTN (MTC-P) 63 PJG-SWOI- Test Cases for Supplementary Services
64GSM Phase 2 Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) 64 Call Forwardi ng on Busy (CFB) 65 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (After IMSi detach)
(CFNRc-A) 66 Call Forwarding on Not-Reachable (Before IMSI detach)
(CFNRc-B) 67 Call Forwarding on No-Reply (CFNRy) 68 Calling Line identification Presentation (CLIP) 69 PJG-SW02 - Test Cases for Basic SMS teleservices 69 Short Message Service Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) 69 Short Message Service Mo bile Terminated (SMS-MT) 70
Results and Discussion 7 1
Results 71 PJG-SWOO - Basic Speech Test Teleservice 72 PJG-SWOI-Supplementary Services GSM Phase 2 75 PJG-SW02 - Basic SMS Teleservice 75 Discussion 77
Conclusion and Recommendations 79
Conclusion 79 Recommendation 81
82 83
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [81 1
Figure 112 GSM world Subscliber growth 1992-2002 [8J 3
Figure 141 Flow charts of the methods used and task planned for the project 8
Figure 221 Concept of frequency reuse within adjacent cells in GSM networks 12
Figure 321 Block diagram of PIG 2000 [2J 34
Figure 322 Front panel which consist of colour display floppy drive onloff switch
keyboard and trackball mouse 35
Figure 323 Plug in slots for hardware modules 36
Figure 324 Power supply connection ( the small connection is for supply from car
battery) 36
Figure 421 Program initialization frame 52
Figure 422 Main application windows 53
Figure 423 Configuration menu 54
Figure 424 Windows for SIM parameters 55
Figure 425 Frame for PSTN line configuration 56
Figure 426 Network selection window - Manual mode 58
Figure 427 Hardware Modules management window [2J 61
VI
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
-- -- -----
LIST OF TABLES
Table 251 Service area in GSM networks[ 5[ 19
Table 511 Significant information about theina roam test 2 (FKUNIMAS)
result 72
Table 512 Important information abo ut the roam maxis test(KOLEJ SRI MUARA)
result 73
Table 513 A few fa iled test cases 74
Table 514 Result for SMS test 76
Vll
-
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
11
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background The Evolution Of Mobile Telephone Systems
Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications
applications Today it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone
subscriptions around the world It is forecasted that cellular systems using a digital technology
wi ll become the universal method of telecommunications [8[
World cellular subscriber growth 1992 - 2002
1200 1027
934 1000
722800
600 474
400
13688200 5624 35
0 1892 1993 1994 1995 1896 1997 i998 1989 2000 2001 H1
2602
_ Growth -- Subscribers
Figure 111 Cellular world subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 [8[
I
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where frequencies
can be reused within a geographical area The idea of cell-based mobile rad io service was
formulated in the United states at Bell Labs in the early 1970s However the Nordic countries
were the first to introduce cellular services for commercial use with the introduction of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in 1981 Cellular systems began in the United States with
the released of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983 The AMPS
standard was adopted by Asia Latin America and Oceanic countries creating the largest
potential market in the world for cellular
In the early 1980s most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital like todays newer systems One challenge facing analog systems was the inability to
handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner As a result digital technology
was welcomed
In 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study
group called the Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) to study and develop a pan-European public
land mobile system The proposed system had to meet certain criteria which are [7]
bull good subjective speech quality
bull low terminal and service cost
bull support for intemational roaming
bull abilit y to support handheld terminals
bull support fo r range of new services and facilities
bull spectral efficiency
2
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
The developers of GSM chose an unproven digital system as opposed to the then
standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and T ACS in the United
Kingdom They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal
processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement
of the system in terms of quality and cost The GSM technology try to allow flexibility and
competitive innovation among suppliers but provide enough gu idelines to guarantee the
proper inter communication between the components of the system This is done by providing
descriptions interfaces and functions of each of the functional entities defined in the system
[7]
GSM subscriber growth 1992 - 2002 704 5 800
700
600
~ c ~
500
400
300
200
100 1 4 50 130 326
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1989 2000 200middot1 H1 2002_Growth ~Suhs
Figure 112 GSM world subscriber growth 1992-2002 [8J
The performance of this technology is depending on the networks efficiency and
ability to accommodate the services required by the subscriber The networks efficiency will
be determined by the networks elements which are base transceiver station (BTS) base
station controller (BSC) transcoding rate and adaptation unit (TRAU) mobile services
switching center (MSC) home location register (HLR) visitor location register (VLR) and
the equipment identity regi ster (EIR)
3
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
Any new network elements interconnection and roammg agreement or service
introduced on the network must be brought into service without major disruptions to the
system or servi ce quality Operators need to veri fy that the network is still offering the
expected services to customers on a regular basis If not they must act upon customer
complaints
The PJG 2000 is an open and scaleable test system that allows GSM operators and their
operation and maintenance organizations to proacti vely test access and level of service and
also perform initial and periodic automatic functional end to end This ability will enable the
GSM operator to analyze and improve the services that they provide to the customers [2J
4
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
12 PROJECT OVERVIEW
This project was conducted by using PJG 2000 which is still considered a new
equipment for electronics student at faculty of Engineering UNIMAS P JG 2000 IS a
portable modular testing for maximum automation of end to end functional testing of
networks It is a PC based so lution running under a standard Microsoft Windows
environment so that it is very easy to use and cost effective (2(
P JG 2000 offers an extended set of testing functions which are valuable in the
following main areas
121 Commissioning
1211 Testing before activation of new network elements (MSC
VLRHLR)
1212 Testing before activation of new numbering ranges in a HLR
1213 Testing before bringing into service of new MSC software
releases
1214 Testing before bringing into service of interconnections with
other rel eases
5
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
122 Operation
1221 Automatic end to end periodic Re-testing (proactive) of intra - and inter
PLMN roaming capabilities (IR29)
1222 Automatic end to end Re-Tesling oflntra and Inter -PLMN roaming after
network changes (IR24IR26IR27)
1223 Testing on consumer complaints bull
123 Troubleshooting
1231 Functional testing for fault detection and location
There are only two test functions that were conducted in this project due to the
requirement needed in order to run the test The respected test functions are as
checked by asterisk () sign
6
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
- -- --------
13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as discussed below
131 To study and master the main testing method and run the GSM networks
testing setup at a selected open area using PJG 2000
132 To analyze the current service provided by telco company (telephone
company) at the selected area
133 To identify the problems faced in GSM network in Samarahan if exist
depending on the list of printed reports compiled by the P JG 2000
7
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
14 METHODOLOGY
START
LITERATURE REV IEW
LAB EXPERIMENT
NO
COMPILE AN D ANALYZE DATA WRITE REPORT
SU BM IT DRAFT OF THE REPORT TO
SUPERVISOR
NO
FINALIZE AND SUBM IT REPORT
END
Figure 141 Flow chart of the methods used and planned for the project
8
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
METHODOLOGY
The literature review consist of studying on the theoretical part of GSM networks and on
the manual of P JG 2000 From the knowledge and understanding gained the lab experiments
started
The fIrst part of lab experiment was done for the purpose of self exposure to the
equipment During this session the equipment was operated based on the manual explanation
and instruction From there the function of each command was learnt The second part of
experiment was done on running test on both roaming test program and IREG tes t program
This session was purposely done in order to gain the basic skills on executing the available
main test program While the last part of the lab experiment was executing a series of test on
roaming test program thoroughly understand the procedures and result generated by P JG
2000 as the preparation to cond uct the final test
The next stage was to conduct a series of test on domestic roaming test program This is
the main area focused through out the project Then a few selected result were collected and
used to generate the final conclusion and discussion
The collected result was analyzed and then it was arranged into a readable presentation
before it was compiled into the fmal report The final draft was then submitted when all the
required information compiled in the report
Base on the final draft a few correction was done in order to meet the format and proj ect
requirement Then the final report was submitted
9
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
CHAPTER 2
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION(GSM)
GSM was first used in 1982 and at the moment the acronym stood for Groupe Speciale
Mobile It is a committee under the European standardization organization Conference
Europeene des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT)
At first GSM was responsible for a new standard in mobile communications which are
900MHz range Then in 1991 the meaning of GSM acronym was changed to Global System
for Mobile Communications and in the same year GSM produced its first derivation the
Digital Cellular System 1800 (DCS 1800) that translates its operation into 1800MHz
frequency range [4]
Services based on the GSM standard inherently support national and international
roaming The functions of registration authentication call routing and locati on updating are
carried out by the network specifically by GSMs signaling protocol In the GSM
architecture the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) provides all the functionality
needed to handle a mobile subscriber including registration authentication location
updating handoffs and call routing to a roaming subscriber
10
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11
----- -
21 Services Provided by GSM
Using the TUT definitions telecommunication services can be divided into bearer
services tele-services and supplementary services The digital nature of GSM allows data
both synchronous and asynchronous to transported as a bearer service to or from an ISDN
terminal Data can use either the transparent service or nontransparent service Transparent
service has a fixed delay but without guarantee of data integrity while for a nontransparent
service it guarantees the data integrity through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
mechanism but with a variable delay [7]
The most basic teleservices supported by GSM is telephony There is an emergency
service where the nearest emergency service provider is notified by dialing three digits
Group 3 fax an analog method described an ITUT recommendation is also supported by use
of an appropriate fax adaptor
A unique feature of GSM compared to older analog systems is the Short Message
Service (SMS) It is a bidirectional service for sending alphanumeric messages in a store and
forward fashion
Supplementary services are provided on top of teleservices or bearer services It include
features such as caller identification call forwarding call waiting multi party conversations
and barring of outgoing international calls [7]
11