eem 432_ isu dan trend dalam pendidikan moral

8/17/2019 Eem 432_ Isu Dan Trend Dalam Pendidikan Moral

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EEM 432ISU DAN TREND DALAM PENDIDIKAN MORAL

TUGASAN

SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2015

KOD KURSUS EEM 432

NAMA KURSUS ISU DAN TREND DALAM PENDIDIKAN MORAL

PROGRAM

SARJANA MUDA PENDIDIKAN

NAMA PELAJAR

NO. MATRIK

NAMA FASILITATOR

AKADEMIK

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN

INTI KOLEJ

KUCHING SARAWAK

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ISI KANDUNAN

PERKARA MUKA

SURAT

1.0 Kupasan Artike ! "#akt$r%#akt$r &an' Me(pen'aru)i

Re(a*a Teri+at ,aa( Masaa) S$sia ,i Sek$a) Tunas

-akti Sun'ai Lere) Meaka $e) /ainuin S)ari 2

N$ra3(a) M$)a(a R$san Uni4ersiti Tekn$$'i

Maa5sia.

1.1 Apaka) Tu*uan Ka*ian Ini 6

1.7 Kaea) ,i'una Untuk Men'u(pu ,ata Ka*ian1.8 Masaa) -erkenaan 9en'urusan 9eniikan Etika

M$ra ,an Inte'riti

1.: I(pikasi ,apatan Ka*ian Ter)aap 9en'a*aran

9eniikan M$ra ,i Sek$a)

1

7.0 Esei ! Isu -ui Se+a'ai Isu M$ra Se(asa ,i Sek$a)

Rena)

7.0 9en'enaan7.1 ,einisi -ui

7.7 #akt$r%#akt$r 9en5e+a+ Kes -ui

7.8 Kesan Kes -ui

7.: 9enekatan Me(+antu Muri ,an Menan'ani

Masaa) Kes -ui

7.; 9enutup

La(piran S$aan Te(u+ua 9ea*ar

17

Ru*ukan 87

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E30209120746 – Semester Mei 2015

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-AHAGIAN A

1.0 Apaka) tu*uan ka*ian ini6

K!"i!# i#i $ert%"%!# %#t%& me#'e#!()!sti *!&t+r,*!&t+r -!#' mem)e#'!r%.i rem!"!

ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!( /i Se&+(!. T%#!s !&ti S%#'!i Lere. -!#' ter(et!& /i

#e'eri Me(!&! Ter/!)!t 4 )e#-e$!$ %t!m! &e)!/! $er(!&%#-! m!s!(!. s+si!( /i&!(!#'!# rem!"! !&t+r,*!&t+r -!#' /i&!"i term!s%&(!. *!&t+r (!t!r $e(!&!#' /iri

se#/iri *!&t+r (!t!r $e(!&!#' &e(%!r'! $e#t%& )e#'!r%. r!&!# se$!-! /!# "%'!

)erm!s!(!.!# )erse&it!r!# /!ri se&+(!. T%"%!# &!"i!# i#i !/!(!. $!'i meme#%.i

+$"e&ti* &!"i!# i!it% )ert!m!#-! me#'e#!()!sti *!&t+r (!t!r $e(!&!#' /iri se#/iri

rem!"! -!#' ter(i$!t /e#'!# m!s!(!. s+i!( /!# &e/%!#-! me#'e#!()!sti *!&t+r (!t!r

$e(!&!#' &e(%!r'! rem!"! -!#' ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!(

1.7 Kaea) &an' ,i'unakan Untuk Men'u(pu ,ata Ka*ian

eri&%t !/!(!. i#str%me#t -!#' /i'%#!&!# +(e. )e#-e(i/i& /!(!m &!"i!##-!

• S+!( se(i/i& -!#' /ise/i!&!# +(e. )e#'&!"i ter$!.!'i &e)!/! /%! $!.!'i!#

i!it% $!.!'i!# A /!# $!.!'i!# P!/! $!.!'i!# A res)+#/e# /i&e.e#/!&i

me#"!!$ $e$er!)! s+!(!# -!#' $er&!it!# /e#'!# /em+'r!*i res)+#/e#

S&!(! em)!t m!t! )%(! /i'%#!&!# )!/! $!.!'i!# /i m!#! res)+#/e#

/i&e.e#/!&i me#!#/!&!# "!!)!# mere&! te#t!#' ses%!t% &e#-!t!!# D!(!m

s+!( se(i/i& )e#-e(i/i& me#-e/i!&!# item,item s+!(!# /e#'!# me#''%#!&!#

s&!(! em)!t m!t! %#t%& mem)er+(e. "!!)!# /!ri)!/! res)+#/e# S&!(!

em)!t m!t! i#i ter/iri /!ri)!/! )em$er!t -!#' $er(!i#!# i!it% s!#'!t set%"%

set%"% ti/!& set%"% /!# s!#'!t ti/!& set%"%

•

K!"i!# Ri#tis U#t%& mem!sti&!# &e$+(e.)er!-!!# item,item s+!( se(i/i& )e#-e(i/i& me#''%#!&!# &!e/!. &!"i!# ri#tis se$e(%m

E30209120746 – Semester Mei 2015

1.0 Kupasan Artike ! "#akt$r%#akt$r &an' Me(pen'aru)i Re(a*a Teri+at

,aa( Masaa) S$sia ,i Sek$a) Tunas -akti Sun'ai Lere) Meaka $e)

/ainuin S)ari 2 N$ra3(a) M$)a(a R$san Uni4ersiti Tekn$$'i

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me#"!(!#&!# &!"i!# se$e#!r Se(!i# %#t%& me#'et!.%i &e$+(e.)er!-!!#

item,item -!#' /i$i#! +(e. )e#-e(i/i& &!"i!# ri#tis "%'! mer%)!&!# &!e/!.

$i!s! -!#' /i'%#!&!# %#t%& me#'e#!( )!sti &e(em!.!#,&e(em!.!# -!#'

ter/!)!t )!/! s+!( se(i/i& K!"i!# ri#tis /i(!&s!#!&!# &e !t!s 20 +r!#' s!m)e(

-!#' ter/iri /!ri)!/! )+)%(!si &!"i!# K!e/!. &ete&!(!# /!(!m!# mer%)!&!#

s!(!. s!t% !r! %#t%& me#e#t%&!# &+e*isie# &e$+(e.)er!-!!#

1.8 Te$ri -i$s$sia

Te+ri i+s+si!( M%r).- me#'!#''!) $!.! )er&em$!#'!# it% !/!(!. )r+ses

/i*ere#si!si Di! me#'!&%i )%(! )e#ti#'#-! *!&t+r s+si!(,&%(t%r!( /i /!(!m

)er&em$!#'!# &e)ri$!/i!# Di! me#'!#''!) *!&t+r s+si+,&%(t%r!( i#i

mem)er#'!r%.i &e)ri$!/i!# /!(!m em)!t m!!m i!it%

o M!s-!r!&!t mem)%#-!i s%!t% r!#'&!i!# t!#/!,t!#/! &+/e8 -!#' me#"!/i

t%"%!# )e#s-!r!t!# !#!&,!#!& -!#' .i/%) /i /!(!m#-! Mis!(#-! )!/!

m!s-!r!&!t I#/+#esi! me#erim! /!# mem$eri&!# ses%!t% &e)!/! +r!#' (!i#

/e#'!# t!#'!# &iri /i)!#/!#' ti/!& s+)!# M!&! me(!(%i $er$!'!i

)em$i!s!!# m!s-!r!&!t mem!s%&&!# .!( i#i &e)!/! !#!&,!#!& !( i#i

mer%)!&!# )r+ses )e#s-!r!t!#

o M!s-!r!&!t /e#'!# me(!(%i $er$!'!i (em$!'! ter%t!m! &e(%!r'!8 mem$!!

!#!&,!#!& %#t%& me#',!&t%!(is!si&!# e#er'i mere&! Me#%#"%&&!# m!#!

$e#t%& &!#!(is!si -!#' /i)er$+(e.&!# /!# m!#! -!#' ti/!&

o M!s-!r!&!t /e#'!# .!/i!. /!# .%&%m!# /!)!t me#'%$!. /+r+#'!#,

/+r+#'!# im)%(si* me#"!/i /+r+#'!# -!#' (e$i. /!)!t /iterim! +(e.

m!s-!r!&!t Tet!)i /+r+#'!#,/+r+#'!# -!#' /ite&!# ti/!& .i(!#' )!/! s%!t%

&!(i m%#'&i# m%#%( (!'i

o M!s-!r!&!t /!)!t mem)e#'!r%.i )r+ses,)r+ses )erse)t%!( /!# &+'#iti*

!#''+t!,!#''+t!#-! se/emi&i!# r%)! se.i#''! mere&! !&!# $e(!"!r /!#

$er)i&ir ses%!i /e#'!# #+rm!,#+rm! m!s-!r!&!t it% De#'!# /emi&i!#

mere&! e#/er%#' %#t%& me#/!)!t&!# &es!m!!# /!(!m si&!) /!# )er!s!!#

s!m)!i $!t!s terte#t%8

1.: ,apatan Ka*ian

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D!)!t!# &!"i!# )e#-e(i/i& !/!(!. ter$!.!'i &e)!/! /%! *!&t+r i!it% !&t+r L!t!r

e(!&!#' Diri Se#/iri Rem!"! :!#' Ter(i$!t De#'!# M!s!(!. S+si!( /!# !&t+r

L!t!r e(!&!#' Ke(%!r'! Rem!"! :!#' Ter(i$!t D!(!m M!s!(!. S+si!( ri#'&!s!#

$!'i /!)!t!# terse$%t !/!(!. se)erti /i $!!. i#i

1:.1 #akt$r Latar -eakan' ,iri Seniri Re(a*a &an' Teri+at ,en'an

Masaa) S$sia

9ea*ar%pea*ar 5an' (e(pun5ai kein'inan 5an' tin''i untuk (en


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&em!r!.!# mere&! !)!$i(! &e.e#/!& mere&! /i.!(!#'

9ea*ar%pea*ar aa( ka*ian ini *u'a (erupakan pea*ar%pea*ar 5an' kerap

(en'in'kari ara)an i+u +apa

• I#i /i$%&ti&!# /e#'!# ser!m!i 733< )e(!"!r -!#' ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!.

s+i!( i#i me#'!t!&!# set%"% ter.!/!) !s)e& i#i =!(!%)%# )er!t%s!# !s)e&

i#i $er!/! )!/! t!.!) -!#' se/er.!#! ter/!)!t "%'! )e(!"!r -!#' m!si.

mem!t%.i !r!.!# i$% $!)!

• D!)!t!# &!"i!# i#i /i$%&ti&!# .!#-! 267< )e(!"!r -!#' ti/!& $erset%"%

$!.!! mere&! seri#' me#'i#'&!ri !r!.!# i$% $!)! mere&! >i&! /iti#"!% /!ri

!s)e& )e#'!r%. &er+.!#i!# ter.!/!) )e#'(i$!t!# )e(!"!r /!(!m m!s!(!.

s+si!( (e$i. se)!r%. )e(!"!r /!(!m &!"i!# i#i &%r!#' me#'!m!(&!# !m!(!#,

!m!(!# !'!m!

Gan''uan E($si 9ea*ar%pea*ar ka*ian

• Mere&! "%'! seri#' $er!/! /!(!m '!#''%!# em+si -!#' $er)!#"!#'!# D!(!m

&e/%!,/%! !s)e& i#i "%m(!. )e(!"!r -!#' $erset%"% !/!(!. .!m)ir s!m! i!it%

ser!m!i 5;2


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• Ser!m!i 244< )e(!"!r )%(! ti/!& mem)%#-!i m!t(!m!t .i/%) /!# mere&!

&%r!#' memi&ir&!# m!s! .!/!)!#

9ea*ar%pea*ar aa( ka*ian ini teri+at en'an (asaa) s$sia (asi)

(e(pun5ai )ar'a iri 5an' tin''i.

• I#i /i$%&ti&!# ser!m!i 663< )e(!"!r ti/!& $erset%"% !)!$i(! mere&!

/i&!t!&!# se+r!#' -!#' re#/!. .!r'! /iri

• Tet!)i ter/!)!t 337< )e(!"!r -!#' mer!s!&!# mere&! se+r!#' -!#' re#/!.

.!r'! /iri

D!)!t /ir%m%s&!# $!.!! !#t!r! iri,iri -!#' me#%#"%&&!# )e#'!r%. -!#' ti#''i

ter.!/!) )e#'(i$!t!# )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!( !/!(!. &ei#'i#!# -!#'

ti#''i %#t%& me#%$! ses%!t% -!#' $!r% /!# me#'i#'i#&!# &e$e$!s!# /!(!m seti!)

)er&!r! -!#' mere&! (!&%&!# Pe(!"!r,)e(!"!r /!(!m &!"i!# i#i "%'! m!.%&!#

)er.!ti!# /!(!m seti!) )er&!r! -!#' /i(!&%&!# Pe#'(i$!t!# mere&! /!(!m m!s!(!.

s+si!( "%'! /i)e#'!r%.i )er!s!!# m!r!. !)!$i(! &e.e#/!& mere&! /i.!(!#' mere&!

"%'! &er!) me#'i#'&!ri !r!.!# i$% $!)! &%r!#' me#'!m!(&!# !"!r!# !'!m! /!#s%&! $er'!%( /e#'!# &%m)%(!# -!#' me#'!m!(&!# !r! .i/%) -!#' ti/!& si.!t

1:.7 #akt$r Latar -eakan' Keuar'a Re(a*a &an' Teri+at ,aa( Masaa)

S$sia

Latar +eakan' keuar'a +ukana) akt$r uta(a pea*ar teri+at aa( (asaa)

s$sia

• .!#-! 163< )e(!"!r -!#' me#"!!$ set%"% $!.!! i$% $!)! mere&! seri#'

me(!&%&!# t!$i!t -!#' &%r!#' $!i& /i /!(!m r%m!. se)erti mer+&+& mem!&i

.!m%# m%/!. m!r!. $er"%/i /!# se$!'!i#-!

• ser!m!i ;37< )e(!"!r me#"!!$ ti/!& set%"% /e#'!# &e#-!t!!# i#i !( i#i

me#%#"%&&!# i$% $!)! )e(!"!r "!r!#' me(!&%&!# t!$i!t -!#' &%r!#' $!i&

/!(!m r%m!.

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I+u +apa pea*ar%pea*ar aa( ka*ian ini *u'a ii)at (en'a(+i +erat tentan'

pea*aran anak%anak

• mere&! &er!#! ser!m!i 791< )e(!"!r ti/!& $erset%"% !)!$i(! i$% $!)! mere&!

/i&!t!&!# &%r!#' me#'!m$i( $er!t te#t!#' )e(!"!r!# mere&!

• !#-! 209< s!.!"! i$% $!)! )e(!"!r -!#' &%r!#' me#'!m$i( $er!t ter.!/!)

)e(!"!r!# !#!&,!#!& mere&!

I+u +apa pea*ar%pea*ar ini iapati (e(pun5ai pe'an'an a'a(a 5an' a'ak

tin''i

• I#i /i$%&ti&!# !)!$i(! ser!m!i 791< )e(!"!r me#-!t!&!# ti/!& set%"% !)!$i(!

i$% $!)! mere&! /i&!t!&!# "!r!#' me#%#!i&!# )eri#t!. A((!.

• A&!# tet!)i ter/!)!t "%'! i$% $!)! -!#' &%r!#' me#%#!i&!# )eri#t!. A((!.

se)erti sem$!.-!#' (im! !&t% i!it% ser!m!i 209


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me#'!m$i( "!(!# m%/!. me(!&%&!# )er&!r!,)er&!r! -!#' ti/!& e(+& %#t%&

me(e)!s&!# &e&ee!!# se(e)!s mer!s!&!# mere&! ti/!& /is!-!#'i +(e. i$%

$!)! mere&!

Keaaan i+u +apa 5an' +$e) (e(pen'aru)i anak%anak (ereka teri+at aa(

(asaa) s$sia

• Mis!(#-! ser!m!i 395< )e(!"!r ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!( &er!#! i$%

$!)! mere&! seri#' $erte#'&!r !#t!r! s!t% s!m! (!i# /!# me#-e$!$&!#

s%!s!#! r%m!. &%r!#' !m!# =!(!%)%# )er!t%s!# i#i ti/!&(!. $e'it% ti#''i

i! .!r%s(!. /i$eri )er.!ti!# s%)!-! )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r ti/!& me#"!/i&!# i!

se$!'!i s!t% !(!s!# %#t%& me(i$!t&!# /iri /!(!m 'e"!(! s+si!(

• Se(e$i.#-! i!it% ser!m!i 605< )e(!"!r ti/!& set%"% i$% $!)! mere&! seri#'

$erte#'&!r !#t!r! s!t% s!m! (!i# /!# me#-e$!$&!# s%!s!#! r%m!. &%r!#'

!m!#

• >i&! /ite(iti (!'i $er/!s!r&!# &e)!/! res)+# )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r ser!m!i 407<

me#-!t!&!# )e#'(i$!t!# mere&! /i /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!( i#i se/i&it se$!#-!&

/i)e#'!r%.i +(e. si&!) i$% $!)! -!#' "!r!#' mem$eri m+ti?!si /!# s+&+#'!#

sert! )%"i!# ter.!/!) )er&!r! -!#' /i(!&%&!# +(e. mere&!

• S%#''%.)%# $e'it% ser!m!i 593< $er)e#/!)!t )e#'(i$!t!# mere&! /!(!m

m!s!(!. s+si!( $%&!#(!. /ise$!$&!# +(e. !s)e& i#i

Keaaan i+u +apa 5an' kuran' +erk$(unikasi en'an pea*ar tentan'

keperuan an (asaa) 5an' i)aapi $e) anak%anak (ereka

•

Ser!m!i 419< )e(!"!r -!#' ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!( !/!(!. /ise$!$&!#!s)e& i#i =!(!% $!'!im!#!)%# ser!m!i 5;1< )e(!"!r -!#' ti/!& $erset%"%

$!.!! !s)e& i#i me#/+r+#' mere&! ter(i$!t /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!(

I+u +apa pea*ar%pea*ar ini tiaka) terau te'as an (ereka a'ak +ert$ak

ansur aa( (e(+erikan )uku(an kepaa anak%anak (ereka 5an'

(eakukan kesaa)an.

• I#i /i$%&ti&!# ser!m!i 57< i$% $!)! )e(!"!r ti/!&(!. ter(!(% te'!s /!(!m

mem$eri&!# .%&%m!# &e)!/! mere&!

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• Tet!)i ser!m!i 43< )e(!"!r me#'!t!&!# )e#'(i$!t!# mere&! /!(!m m!s!(!.

s+si!( !/!(!. &er!#! &ete'!s!# i$% $!)! mere&! /!(!m mem$eri&!# .%&%m!#

"i&! mere&! me(!&%&!# &es!(!.!#

R%m%s!# /!)!t!# mem$%&ti&!# $!.!! i$% $!)! )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r /!(!m &!"i!# i#i

te(!. me#"!(!#&!# t%'!s se$!'!i i$% $!)! /e#'!# !'!& $!i& se)erti me#'!m$i( $er!t

ter.!/!) )e(!"!r!# !#!&,!#!& mere&! ti/!& $ersi&!) )i(i. &!si. !#t!r! !#!&,!#!&

mere&! ti/!& me(!&%&!# t!$i!t -!#' &%r!#' $!i& /i /!(!m r%m!. /!# mere&! "%'!

/i(i.!t t!!t &e)!/! )eri#t!. A((!. =!(!%)%# $e'it% ter/!)!t "%'! !s)e&,!s)e& -!#'

!'!& (em!. /i /!(!m me#/i/i& !#!&!#!& mere&! se)erti &%r!#' $er&+m%#i&!si

/e#'!# !#!&,!#!& mere&! /!# "!r!#' mem$eri m+ti?!si ter.!/!) )er&!r!,)er&!r!

-!#' /i(!&%&!# +(e. !#!&,!#!& mere&! Mere&! "%'! "!r!#' $er!/! /i r%m!. &er!#!

si$%& /e#'!# &er"! Tet!)i (!t!r $e(!&!#' &e(%!r'! "e(!s me#%#"%&&!# &%r!#'

mem)e#'!r%.i )e#'(i$!t!# )e(!"!r /!(!m m!s!(!. s+si!(

1:.7Kaitkan I(pikasi Ka*ian Ini Kepaa 9en'a*aran 9eniikan M$ra

Sek$a) Rena)

D!(!m )e#'!"!r!# /!# )em$e(!"!r!# '%r%,'%r% )er(% mem)ertim$!#'&!# )e($!'!i

im)(i&!si &!"i!# ter.!/!) )e#'!"!r!# Pe#/i/i&!# M+r!(

• 9en'a*aran 9e(+ea*aran 9eniikan M$ra 9eru 9enekanan Kepaa

,$(ain Aekti

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K!"i!# -!#' /i"!(!#&!# +(e. D!s /!# O"i(e 19958 mem$%&ti&!# $!.!! )e#!)!i!#

!&!/emi& )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r (em!. sem!&i# (em!. $erm%(! )!/! t!.!) %m%r 13 t!.%#

$er$!#/i#' /e#'!# )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r emer(!#' I#i !/!(!. &er!#! isi &!#/%#'!#

)e(!"!r!# )!/! t!.!) i#i (e$i. $er*+&%s &e)!/! !s)e& &+'#iti* /!# $!.!s! Mere&!

me#'!(!mi m!s!(!. )em$e(!"!r!# ter%t!m!#-! )!/! t!.!) re#/!. &er!#! &ee&!)!#

%#t%& me#'i#'!ti *!&t! /!# *+rm%(! !/!(!. &%r!#' ti/!& )!#/!i me#'!)(i&!si *!&t!

/!# *+rm%(! -!#' ses%!i &e)!/! m!s!(!. -!#' /i$eri /!# seri#' $ersi&!) )!si* !&i$!t

/!ri)!/! &e(em!.!# /!(!m $er&+m%#i&!si R!+ R+! @+r!i#i /!# =!# !%- 19918

• Guru 9eru 9eri)atin ,en'an Masaa) pea*ar

Di se&+(!. sem%! '%r% )er(% se#ti!s! )ri.!ti# /e#'!# !)! -!#' $er(!&% /!(!m

&!!s!# se&+(!. m!.%)%# /!(!m $i(i& /!r"!. Rem!"! -!#' $!i& ti#'&!. (!&% )er(%

/i)%)%& %#t%& ter%s me#'e&!(&!# ti#'&!. (!&% terse$%t eri(!. )%"i!# .!/i!. m!s!

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• Me(pe+a'aikan Kaea) 9en'a*aran

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-AHAGIAN -

" I

7.1 9en'enaan

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E30209120746 – Semester Mei 2015

7.0 Esei ! Isu -ui Se+a'ai Isu M$ra Se(asa ,i Sek$a) Rena)

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!&.ir#-! me#"!/i &+#'si 'e(!) M!s!(!. /isi)(i# /i se&+(!. &i#i !/!(!. )!/! t!.!)

-!#' s!#'!t mem$im$!#'&!#

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!m$!r Kes %(i

S%m$er .tt)sm!(!-si!im!'esse!r.-!.+++mse!r.im!'es

7.1 ,einisi -ui

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$e#t%& i!it% se!r! (!#'s%#' *ii&!(8 se)erti /ise)!& /i%'%t /!# se!r! ti/!&

E30209120746 – Semester Mei 2015

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me#'!#/%#'i !&si )er'!/%.!# /!# )em$%#%.!# -!#' '!#!s L!m$!&!# *i(em !&si

se)erti e#'ster J!ste((+ /!# KL Me#"erit !&!# me#/e/!.&!# )e(!"!r &e)!/! !&si,

!&si terse$%t se!r! ter$%&! t!#)! $im$i#'!# +r!#' /e!s! Pe(!"!r -!#' ter%"!

/e#'!# !&si terse$%t !&!# me#ir% &em$!(i !&si -!#' te(!. /it+#t+# &e !(!m re!(iti

Mere&! m%/!. ter)e#'!r%. /!# !&!# me#'!)(i&!si&!# !&si terse$%t &e)!/! +r!#'

-!#' (e$i. (em!. /!ri)!/! mere&! t!#)! me#-e/!ri $!.!! )er$%!t!# terse$%t !&!#

me#'%#/!#' $!.!-!A/! sesete#'!. )e(!"!r "%'! me#"!/i&!# )e(!&+# se$!'!i Fr+(e

m+/e(G/!# mer!s!&!# /iri mere&! .e$!t /!# $er(!'!& se)erti )e(!&+# terse$%tO(e.

.!( -!#' /emi&i!#"e(!s(!. /i si#i $!.!! me/i! m!ss! mer%)!&!# s!(!. s!t% )%#!

&e)!/! )e#i#'&!t!# &es $%(i

Si&!) Mem)er!-!i A#!&

D!)!t!# tem%$%!( me#/!)!ti $!.!! &e$!#-!&&!# i$% $!)! ti/!& se/!r !#!& mere&!

)+#te#' se.i#''! '%r% mem$%!t !/%!# It% )%# se(e)!s $e$er!)! .!ri m%ri/

$er&e#!!# ti/!& .!/ir I$% $!)! "%'! seri#' &!(i ter)e/!-! /e#'!# !#!& -!#' )!#/!i

$er)%r!,)%r! $er&e(!&%!# $!i& &eti&! $er!/! /i r%m!. Ke$!#-!&!# i$% $!)! ti/!&

t!.% $!.!! !#!& mere&! seri#' me(!&%&!# s!(!. (!&% /i se&+(!. !t!% (%!r se&+(!.

K!!(!# /!ri)!/! i$% $!)! ter.!/!) !#!& -!#' $erse&+(!. !m!t s%&!r /i(!&%&!#

&er!#! /!(!m &e.i/%)!# &i#i &e/%!,/%! i$% /!# $!)! $e&er"! D!(!m &!"i!# Pr+*

M!/-! Dr M!.!# Ars.!/ me#%#"%&&!# &esi$%&!# .!ri!# i#i(!. me#'!&i$!t&!#

$!#-!& i$% $!)! ter)e/!-! /!# me#'!m$i( ri#'!# ter.!/!) t%'!s me#'!!s !#!&

ter%t!m! !#!& -!#' m!si. /i $!#'&% se&+(!. P!/! mere&! se&+(!. s%/!. %&%)

$!'i me#/isi)(i#&!# )e(!"!r /!# me#"!'! !#!& )!/! !&t% si!#' Se/!#'&!# /!(!m

.!( i#i '%r% .!#-! /!)!t me#'!!( )e(!"!r &eti&! !&t% )erse&+(!.!# s!.!"! Di (%!r

se&+(!. t%'!s it% !m!t s%&!r !t!% $+(e. "!/i m%st!.i( $!'i '%r% mem$%!t

)e#'!!s!# /!# me#'!m$i( ti#/!&!#

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M!s!(!. Ke(%!r'!

Ke(%!r'! -!#' s%&! $erte#'&!r se#ti!s! m!$%& m!i# "%/i &!&i )erem)%!# s%&!

$er(eter /!# s%&! me#'+#'&+#' !#!&,!#!& "!'! te)i &!i# +r!#' me#%#"%&,#%#"%&

/!# me#'!m!( si&!) $e#i mem$e#i !&!# me#-e$!$&!# !#!&,!#!& mere&! $ersi&!)

#e'!ti* t!#)! /ise/!ri +(e. m!s-!r!&!t A/! i$% $!)! s%&! me(e)!s&!# 'er!m &e)!/!

!#!&,!#!& !t!% me#i#''!(&!# !#!& /e#'!# )e#'!s%. sert! me#'!m!(&!# )i(i. &!si.

Se'!(! &ere#!. i#i me#"!/i i&%t!# !#!-! A#!& me#"!/i m!#'s! ter$i!r te&!#!#

/!# r!/i&!( Mere&! me#!ri "!(!# &e(%!r se!r! /r!sti& i!it% mem$er+#t!&

me(!!# &%r!#' !"!r me#'!m$i( /!/!. .i/% '!m /!# me#"!/i s!mse#' Ut%s!#

M!(!-si!8 Pe#+(!&!# m!s-!r!&!t se&+(!. terse$%t !&!# me#-e$!$&!# s&+)

)er'!%(!# mere&! ter$!t!s &e)!/! )e(!"!r -!#' (em!. /!(!m m!t!)e(!"!r!# /!#

$erm!s!(!. s!m! se)erti mere&! Pe(!"!r (!i# -!#' (e$i. )!#/!i !&!# me#"!%.i /iri

mere&! !&!# &er!) /i&riti& /!# ti/!& /i!m$i( $er!t +(e. '%r% Mere&! !&!#

/item)!t&!# /!(!m &e(+m)+& )e(!"!r -!#' s!m! t!r!* !&!/emi-! -!#' se!r!

re(!ti*#-! "%'! $erm!s!(!. /!# mem)%#-!i si&!) !#tis+si!( Sesete#'!. mere&!

mem$e#t%& 'e#' !t!%)%# &%m)%(!# -!#' me#-e(ee#' K%m)%(!# !&!#

me#"%r%s&!# mere&! &e)!/! )e#i#'&!t!# !'resi* !#tis+si!( ti/!& meme#ti#'&!#

)e(!"!r!# /!# ter"e$!& /!(!m !&ti?iti -!#' $er$!% "e#!-!. T.+m!s Dis.i+#

Ass+i!tes 19918

7.8 Kesan Kes -ui

e"!(! $%(i i#i !&!# me#/!t!#'&!# &es!# $%r%& &e)!/! m!#'s! /!ri se'i (%!r!# /!#

/!(!m!#Kes!# (%!r!# -!#' /i(i.!t )!/! m!#'s! $%(i i!(!. &ee/er!!# -!#' /i!(!mi

)!/! *ii&!( mere&! /!# $es!r &em%#'&i#!#! &ee/er!!# -!#' )!r!. !&!# mem$!!

&e)!/! &em!ti!#Kes!# /!(!m!# )%(! i!(!. &es!# )si&+(+'i &e !t!s m!#'s! $%(i

se)erti tr!%m!.i(!#' &e-!&i#!# /!# .i(!#' *+&%s ter.!/!) )e(!"!r!#A/! sesete#'!.

m!#'s! -!#' me#'!(!mi te&!#!# !&!# me#!#!m !!m %#t%& mem$!(!s /e#/!m

&e)!/! +r!#' (!i#!( i#i /i(!&%&!# $ert%"%!# %#t%& me#'em$!(i&!# .!r'! /iri

mere&! &em$!(iM!#!&!(! )e(!"!r -!#' mem$%(i )%(! !&!# /i&e#!&!# ti#/!&!#

se)erti /i'!#t%#' )erse&+(!.!# /!# "i&! ses%!t% &es $%(i terse$%t mem$!! &e)!/!

&em!ti!# m!&! &es terse$%t !&!# /iser!.&!# &e)!/! )i.!& )+(is

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Pe#i#'&!t!# 'e"!(! $%(i ti/!& .!r%s /i)!#/!#' e#te#' +(e. sem%! )i.!&

!)!t!. (!'i "i&! mem$!$it&!# &em!ti!#Sem%! )i.!& .!r%s $er'!#/i#' $!.%

me#''em$(e#' te#!'! /!(!m %s!.! mem!sti&!# 'e"!(! $%(i ti/!& (!'i $er(e(%!s!

/!(!m &!(!#'!# m!s-!r!&!tPer!#!# i$% $!)! )e#ti#' /!(!m me#!#'!#i m!s!(!.

$%(i !( i#i /emi&i!# i$% $!)! mer%)!&!# )em$e#t%& s!.si!. )e(!"!r se"!& mere&!

&ei( (!'i $!& &!t! )e)!t!. Bme(e#t%r $%(%. $i!r(!. /!ri re$%#'#-!CI$% $!)! $+(e.

me#er!)&!# )e#/i/i&!# !'!m! &er!#! !"!r!# !'!m! $+(e. me(!.ir&!# m!#%si! -!#'

$erm!r%!. /!# me#'!m!(&!# $%/i )e&erti -!#' m%(i!Di s!m)i#' it%i$% $!)! )er(%

mem!#t!% )er'er!&!# !#!&,!#!& $!'i mem!sti&!# mere&! ti/!& $er'!%( /e#'!#

r!&!# -!#' ti/!& $erm+r!(Se$!'!i +#t+. i$% $!)! )er(% $er$i#!#' /e#'!# !#!&,

!#!& te#t!#' !&ti?iti -!#' /i(!&%&!# !#!&,!#!& /i (%!r !&t% se&+(!. $!'i

mem!sti&!# mere&! ti/!& me(!&%&!# se$!r!#' !&ti?iti -!#' ti/!& $erm+r!(

P!r! )e(!"!r "%'! .!r%s(!. )e&! /!# $i"!& /!(!m memi(i. r!&!# se$!-! s%)!-!

mere&! ti/!& tersi(!) memi(i. r!&!#!( i#i &er!#! sese+r!#' i#/i?i/% terse$%t

se/i&it se$!#-!& !&!# teri&%t,i&%t )er!#'!i r!&!# se$!-! mere&!>i&! $!i& )er!#'!i

r!&!#,r!&!# mere&!m!&! $!i& "%'! si&!) mere&! #!#tiPe#'(i$!t!# !&ti* &%m)%(!#

)e(!"!r /!(!m )ers!t%!# se)erti Pers!t%!# Pe#e'!.!# >e#!-!. !&!# me#"!/i&!#

)e(!"!r terse$%t ter.i#/!r /!ri)!/! 'e"!(! s+si!( -!#' ti/!& $er*!e/!.

Se(!i# it% *i(em /!# r!#!#'!# te(e?is-!# -!#' mem!)!r&!# !&si -!#' '!#!s

"%'! .!r%s /it!)is +(e. Lem$!'! Pe#!)is!# i(em ter(e$i. /!.%(%!( i#i &er!#!

)e(!"!r m%/!. teri&%t,i&%t !&!# !/e'!# -!#' /it%#"%&&!# se)erti /i /!(!m *i(em

terse$%t "%'!Pemi(i.!# $!.!# t+#t+#!# -!#' $erses%!i!# "%'! /i'!(!&&!# $!'i

mem$i#! s!.si!. seter%s#-! mem%)%& &eer/!s!# mi#/! )e(!"!rMis!(#-!i$% $!)!

$+(e. memi(i. r!#!#'!# te(e?is-e# -!#' $erses%!i!# /e#'!# )e(!"!r sem!s!

mem$%!t )emi(i.!# r!#!#'!# /!ri r!#'&!i!# te(e?is-e# ter$es!r se)erti Astr+

Pi.!& &er!"!!# ter%t!m!#-! Keme#teri!# Pe#/i/i&!# M!(!-si! .!r%s (e$i.

e*e&ti* /!(!m %s!.! me#er!)&!# s%$"e& Pe#/i/i&!# M+r!(Pe#/i/i&!# Si?i& /!#

Pe#/i/i&!# Is(!m &e /!(!m &%ri&%(%m se&+(!.Pe#'!"!r!# s%$"e& i#i /i)er!-!i !&!#

me(!.ir&!# )e(!"!r -!#' mem)%#-!i s!.si!. /!# m+r!( -!#' ti#''i /!#

me#''!(!&&!# s%!s!#! -!#' !m!# /!# .!rm+#i /!(!m m!s-!r!&!tPi.!& se&+(!.

"%'! .!r%s(!. me(!&s!#!&!# )r+'r!m Fse&+(!. !#'&!tG /e#'!# &er"!s!m! /!ri)!/!

)i.!& P+(is Dir!"! M!(!-si!PDRM8 $!'i mem!#t!% !&ti?iti )e(!"!r /i se(%r%. )e(+s+& &!!s!# se&+(!. ter%t!m!#-! &!!s!# -!#' ters+r+&

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7.: 9enekatan Me(+antu Muri ,an Menan'ani Masaa) Kes -ui

Ter/!)!t $!#-!& )e#/e&!t!# -!#' $+(e. /i(!&%&!# $!'i me#!#'!#i &es $%(i /!#

mem$!#t% m!#'s! /!# )e(!&% &es $%(i !#t!r! -!#' /i$i#!#'&!# /i si#i !/!(!.

7.:.1 Me(perkasa 9eranan ,an Tan''un'*a=a+ I+u -apa

Seti!) i$% $!)! m!.%&!# !#!&,!#!& mere&! me#"!/i i#s!# -!#' $!i& /!# sem)%r#!

I#s!# -!#' $!i& i#i /i.!r!)&!# !&!# se&!(i'%s me#"!/i !#''+t! m!s-!r!&!t /!#

!r'!#e'!r! -!#' $er'%#! !r!)!# i#i s%/!. te#t% memer(%&!# /i/i&!# /!# !s%.!#

i$% $!)! /e#'!# &!si. s!-!#' Se.%$%#'!# it% Presi/e# MM D!t%& Seri Dr

M+.!m!/ K.ir T+-+ -!#' "%'! Me#teri es!r Se(!#'+r $er.!r!) !'!r i$% $!)! "%'!

/!)!t $er%$!. si&!) /e#'!# mem$eri (e$i. )er.!ti!# ter.!/!) !#!&,!#!& mere&!

Si&!) i$% $!)! -!#' &%r!#' mem$eri )er.!ti!# ter.!/!) !#!&,!#!& mere&! "%'!

!/!(!. s!(!. s!t% )%#! &e)!/! &er%#t%.!# m!s!(!. /isi)(i# )e(!"!r I#i &er!#!

&esi$%&!# t%'!s me#-e$!$&!# i$% $!)! seri#' me(e)!s&!# t!#''%#'"!!$ &e)!/!

se&+(!. me#/i/i& !#!&,!#!& mere&! mem$%r%&&!# (!'i &e!/!!# K!"i!#,&!"i!#te#t!#' m!s!(!. /isi)(i# /i &!(!#'!# )e(!"!r $!#-!& me#%#"%&&!# &e+#/+#'!#

!#!&,!#!& -!#' me(!&%&!# &es!(!.!# $er!s!( /!ri)!/! &e(%!r'! -!#' ,ti!/!

&e"e(e&it!# +.esi?e#ess8 ,ter(!(% mem$i!r&!# !t!% ter(!(% &er!s /e#'!# /isi)(i#

,&%r!#' )e#-e(i!!# ,!#!&,!#!& -!#' $!#-!& m!s!(!. &eti&! /i se&+(!. re#/!. (!'i

7.:.7 Kasi) Sa5an'

Me#%r%t Te+ri M!s(+ s!(!. s!t% &e)er(%!# !#!&,!#!& i!(!. &e)er(%!# &!si. s!-!#'

Pem$eri!# &!si. s!-!#' /!ri)!/! i$% $!)! &e)!/! !#!&,!#!& !/!(!. !m!t )e#ti#'

/!(!m mem$e#t%& &est!$i(!# em+si )ers+#!(iti !#!& &e)%!s!# .i/%) /!#

se$!'!i#-! K!si. s!-!#' -!#' /i$eri&!# +(e. &e/%!,/%! i$% /!# $!)! !/!(!. s!m!

)e#ti#' =!(!%)%# /emi&i!# &!si. s!-!#' !-!. !&!# mem$eri&!# im)!& -!#' (e$i.

$!#-!& /!ri)!/! i$% R+.#er R+#!(/ P /!# e#ei!#+ R+$ert A 20018 Per!s!!# i#i

m%(! /ir!s!&!# se"!& m!si. $!-i (!'i &eti&! i$% mem$eri s%s% /!# m!&!#!# K!si.

s!-!#' -!#' /it%#"%&&!# +(e. i$% $!)! &e)!/! !#!& mere&! !/!(!. )r+ses

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)em$e(!"!r!# -!#' )ert!m! se&!(i /i!(!mi +(e. m!#%si! De#'!# it% &!#!&,&!#!&

mer!s! se(es! /!# se(!m!t Se#t%.!# "%'! me#-e$!$&!# !#!&,!#!& i#i r!s!

/is!-!#'i Se#t%.!# +(e. i$%$!)! &e !t!s !#!&,!#!& i#i mem$+(e.&!# !#!&,!#!& i#i

$er!s! Bre(!C /!# r!s! se(!m!t !(!%)%# mere&! s!&it /!# t!&%t L!i# E.m!##

20018 R!m!i i$%$!)! $er!#''!)!# -!#' !#!& mere&! t!.% !&!# i$%$!)! me#-!-!#'i

mere&!

7.:.8 Me(+eri Ke+e+asan Kepaa Anak%Anak

Se$!(i-! i$% $!)! mem)%#-!i )erse)si -!#' $er$e! te#t!#' mem$e#!r&!#

!#!-! me#/!)!t &e$e$!s!# -!#' (e$i. (%!s P!/! )e#/!)!t i$% $!)! "i&! /i$eri&!#

&e$e$!s!# -!#' /i&e.e#/!&i +(e. !#!& mere&! i#i m%#'&i# !&!# me#/!t!#'&!#

m%/!r!t &e(!& P!/! !m#-! rem!"! !&!# $ersi&!) '!#!s /!# %$! me#e#t!#' !)!

s!"! -!#' )!/! !#''!)!# mere&! me#'+#'&+#' &e$e$!s!# P!/! )eri#'&!t i#i i$%

$!)! me#/!)!ti !#!& rem!"! m%(!i me#e#t!#' /!# me#'i#'&!ri )er!t%r!# /!(!m

r%m!.t!#''! I$% $!)! -!#' me#'.!/!)i &ere#!. !#!& rem!"! se)erti i#i .!r%s

$ers!$!r /!# me#e(iti sem%(! &esi(!)!# se#/iri Mes&i)%# )!/! )eri#'&!t !!(

rem!"! mem!#' s%&!r /i&!!( tet!)i "i&! &esi(!)!# /i)er$!i&i !/! &em%#'&i#!#

mere&! ter&!!( sem%(! )!/! )eri#'&!t te#'!. rem!"! Mem$eri &e$e$!s!#

me(!m)!% !t!% $ersi&!) ter(!(% (em$%t &e)!/! !#!& rem!"! "%'! !&!# me#i#''!(&!#

&es!# $%r%& Mere&! me#"!/i ter(!(% m!#"! /!# ti/!& me#'.+rm!ti +r!#' t%!

A&i$!t#-! s%/!. te#t% !&!# mem!(%&!# &e(%!r'! A#!& rem!"! -!#' ter(!(%

/im!#"!&!# ti/!& /!)!t .i/%) $er/i&!ri se)e#%.#-! Mere&! seri#' me(!&%&!#

&esi(!)!# $er%(!#' &!(i se.i#''! i$% $!)! ter)!&s! m!s%& !m)%r /!(!m %r%s!#

mere&! O(e. it% %#t%& me#'im$!#'i )ert%m$%.!# !#!& )!/! )eri#'&!t !!(

rem!"! i$% $!)! .!r%s $erti#/!& (em$%t /e#'!# )e#%. )e#'erti!# /!# &!si. s!-!#'

L!-!#!# i$% $!)! .e#/!&(!. ses%!i /e#'!# )ert%m$%.!# *ii&!( mere&! Ti#/!&!#

-!#' m%#'&i# mem!(%&!# mere&! .e#/!&(!. /ie(!&&!# S.!ri*!. Ri#!. S.Ism!i(

20058 I$% $!)! )!t%t (e$i.&!# mem%"%& /!ri)!/! me#'!r!. Rem!"! !&!#

me#/e#'!r /e#'!# )%"%&!# i$%$!)! /!# me#e#t!#' !r!.!# i$% $!)! Rem!"! -!#'

ti/!& me#/!)!t &!si. s!-!#' /i r%m!. !&!# %$! me#/!)!t&!##-! /i (%!r i!it% r!&!#

se$!-! Se&ir!#-! )e#'!r%. r!&!##-! !/!(!. #e'!ti* /!ri se'i ti#'&!.(!&% !m!(!#

.i/%)#-! &it! $+(e. r!m!(&!# -!#' rem!"! i#i !&!# me#"!/i se+r!#' !(+# -!#' $erm!s!(!.

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7.:.: Men'a=a Anak

Me#'%r%s /!# me#'!!( ti#'&!. (!&% !#!&,!#!& !/!(!. t!#''%#'"!!$ -!#' $es!r

$!'i i$% $!)! J!r! i$% $!)! mem!i#&!# )er!#!# m!si#',m!si#' se/i&it se$!#-!&

/i)e#'!r%.i +(e. !r! $!'!im!#! mere&! se#/iri te(!. /i/i/i& /!# /!s%. +(e. i$%

$!)! mere&! /!.%(% :!#' )e#ti#' i!(!. i$% $!)! me#-e/!ri !&!# &es!# &e)!/!

ti#/!&!#,ti#/!&!# -!#' /i!m$i( ter.!/!) !#!&,!#!& mere&! Mis!(#-! i$% $!)! -!#'

mem$!! !#!&,!#!& mere&! me#i!r!.i s!%/!r! !t!% &!!# seri#' me(i.!t !#!&,

!#!& mere&! $er'%r!% /e#'!# !#!&,!#!& t%!# r%m!. !t!% !#!&,!#!& tet!m% (!i#

%r!%!# !#!&,!#!& &ei( it% &!/!#',&!/!#' me#"!/i $ert!m$!. (!s!& &er!#! ti!/!

te'%r!# /!ri)!/! i$% $!)! m!si#',m!si#' K+#+#-! $%/!&,$%/!& mem!#' (!s!& /!#

er'!s !(!%)%# &e"!/i!# it% $er(!&% /i .!/!)!# m!t! se#/iri Kete'!s!# i$% $!)!

me#e'%r /!# me$et%(&!# &e!/!!# -!#' se/emi&i!# sert!,mert! !&!# mem$eri &es!#

-!#' $er)!#"!#'!# &e)!/! !#!&,!#!& it% Se$!(i-! "i&! !#!&,!#!& it% /im!r!.i

.!#-! !)!$i(! s%/!. $!(i& !t!% /%! ti'! .!ri (!'i /ir+t!# &er!#! mem!(%&!# em!&

$!)! m!&! &es!#-! !m!t se/i&it m!(!. !&!# mem$eri &es!# s!m)i#'!# -!#' (!i#

)%(! Kete'!s!# i$% $!)! me#e'%r &es!(!.!# !#!& /e#'!# sert! mert! !m!t(!.

)e#ti#' /!(!m )r+ses me#/i/i& !#!& /!ri &ei( I! .!r%s /i(!&%&!# /e#'!# &+#siste#

s%)!-! (!m!,&e(!m!!# mese" -!#' .e#/!& /is!m)!i&!# it% tert!#!m /i /!(!m (%$%&

.!ti#-! Pr+ses i#i /i#!m!&!# )r+ses )e#'.!-!t!# !t!% Fi#ter!(i!ti+#G

Ki#i &it! $+(e. me#-!&si&!# (e$i. r!m!i i$% $!)! m%/! -!#' mem)%#-!i

!#!& &ei( me#'%r%s /!# me#'!!( !#!&,!#!& mere&! /e#'!# !r! -!#' (e$i.

(i$er!( M!&s%/#-! !#!&,!#!& i#i /i$i!r&!# me#%#"%&&!# )e($!'!i te(!t!.

term!s%&(!. me(!-!#i !#!&,!#!& (!!# F$erte#'!rG /e#'!# i$% !t!% $!)! !t!% )%#

me#%t%) se$e(!. m!t! sete(!. me#'et!.%i ses%!t% &es!(!.!# te(!. /i$%!t

!&i&!t#-! t!#)! /ise/!ri i$% $!)! i#i se/!#' me#-em!i $i$it,$i$it ti#'&!. (!&%

-!#' /ite'!. s!m! !/! /!ri )!#/!#'!# !'!m! m!.% )%# !/!t &etim%r!#

Me#'!)!&!# .!( i#i $er(!&% Se$!.!'i!# /!ri)!/! se$!$#-! !/! &!it!# /e#'!#

)e#'!r%. me/i! m!ss! -!#' mem)+)%(!r&!# )r+'r!m,)r+'r!m (%% -!#'

me#%#"%&&!# $!'!im!#! )et!.#-! !#!&,!#!& &ei( $er!&!) /!# $erte#'&!r /e#'!#

i$% $!)! mere&! K!/!#',&!/!#' i$% $!)! /i)er$+/+.&!# +(e. !#!&,!#!& -!#'+me( -!#' me#''e(i&!# .!ti )e#+#t+# Ti/!& m%st!.i( !/! sesete#'!. !#!&

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memi&ir&!# !r! $er!&!) /e#'!# i$% $!)! !t!% +r!#',+r!#' t%! !/!(!. /emi&i!#

/!# seter%s#-! me#ir% e(!'!t $i!/!) se)erti i#i &!/!#',&!/!#' /it!*sir&!# +(e.

mere&! se$!'!i F%teG Se$e#!r#-! !/! $!#-!& (!'i %#s%r,%#s%r .!(%s -!#' #e'!ti*

/i)!)!r&!# +(e. )r+'r!m,)r+'r!m te(e?is-e# -!#' )+)%(!r -!#' m!#! &es!##-!

mem$!! &!#!&,&!#!& me#ir% t!#)! /ise/!ri Pr+'r!m,)r+'r!m se)erti B%((

+%seC BT.e J+s$- S.+ Br+i#' P!i#sC BTr%e J+(+rsC /!# $!#-!& (!'i

me#%#"%&&!# )eri(!&% -!#' !m!t ti/!& ses%!i %#t%& m!s-!r!&!t &it! A)!$i(!

t!-!#'!##-! /it+#t+# seti!) mi#''% )!/! !&t% -!#' terte#t% i! !&!# me#"!/i

&e(!im!# M!&! )r+ses B+/iti+#i#'C !&!# $er(!&% /i &!(!#'!# &!#!&,&!#!& /i

m!#! ti#'&!.,(!&% -!#' se(!m! i#i /i(!r!#' s%/!. me#"!/i s!t% &e$i!s!!# Tet!)i

ti/!&(!. $erm!! )r+'r!m,)r+'r!m -!#' /ise$%t&!# ti/!& .!r%s /it%#"%&&!#

(!#'s%#' Pr+'r!m,)r+'r!m terse$%t mem!#' me#'.i$%r&!# tet!)i )e#-e(i!!#

ter.!/!) !#!&,!#!& ti/!& $+(e./i!$!i&!# I$% $!)! $+(e. mem!i#&!# )er!#!#

/e#'!# mem$eri &+me#,&+me# -!#' me#'!"!r m!#! s!t% )er$%!t!# -!#' $!i& /!#

m!#! -!#' $%r%& s!m$i( me#+#t+# De#'!# !r! -!#' /emi&i!# i$% $!)! /!)!t

$er&+m%#i&!si /e#'!# !#!&,!#!& mere&! s!m$i( mer!)!t&!# (!'i t!(i )er.%$%#'!#

&e(%!r'!

7.:.; -erk$(unikasi

I$% $!)! se#ti!s! $ers!i#' /e#'!# )i.!&,)i.!& (!i# %#t%& me#/!)!t&!# )er.!ti!#

!#!&,!#!& J!r! %#t%& me#/!)!t&!# )er.!ti!# i!(!. /e#'!# me%"%/&!# t!(i!#

$er&+m%#i&!si -!#' si.!t /e#'!# !#!&,!#!& A/! sesete#'!. i$% $!)! -!#' $er!s!(

"!#''!( &!(!% $er$%!(,$%!( /e#'!# !#!&,!#!& &+#+##-! Ft!& m!.% $eri m%&!G >i&!

i$% $!)! s%s!. .e#/!& $er!&!) /e#'!# !#!&,!#!& $!'!im!#! )%(! !#!&,!#!&

.e#/!& $er!&!) ses%!t% !t!% me#'!/% ses%!t% -!#' )e#ti#' $!'i#-! &e)!/! i$% /!#

$!)! Ke.i(!#'!# )e(%!#' %#t%& $er&+m%#i&!si /!(!m sese$%!. &e(%!r'!

me#/+r+#' !#!&,!#!& me#!ri tem)!t (!i# %#t%& me#%r!.&!# )er!s!!# Or!#' -!#'

)!(i#' m%/!. me#erim! &e&+s+#'!# i#i i!(!. tem!#,tem!# se$!-! -!#' s!#''%)

mem$eri s+&+#'!# m+r!( /!# sim)!ti T+)i&,t+)i& -!#' seri#' /i$i#!#'&!# ses!m!

se#/iri se!r! %m%m#-! s!m! /i&+#'si /!ri se'i #i(!i mi#!t#-! se)erti *es-e#

)!&!i!# '+si) .i$%r!# se&s /!# )er&!r!,)er&!r! -!#' me#-er+#+&&!#:!#'

mer+s!&&!# i!(!. !)!$i(! !#!&,!#!& i#i $er&+#'si )e#/!)!t /!# me#'%&%.&!# #i(!i,#i(!i #e'!ti* -!#' mere&! se#/iri $e(%m m!t!#' memi&ir&!##-! O(e. it% !m!t

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tet!)i se.!r%s#-! "%'! /i(!&s!#!&!# se!r! im)(isit !t!% tersem$%#-i Se&!r!#' m!t!

)e(!"!r!# si?i& te(!. /i)er&e#!(&!# !'!r $+(e. mem$!#t% m!s-!r!&!t me#!)!i

&e.!rm+#i!# t+(er!#si /!# &e*!.!m!# -!#' me#/!(!m ter.!/!) t!#''%#'"!!$#-!

se$!'!i !r'!#e'!r! Ke)e#ti#'!# !!m )er(% /i)e(i.!r! Or!#',+r!#' t%!

/i.+rm!ti /!# &!#!&,&!#!& /is!-!#'i M!s!(!. /isi)(i# se&+(!. se)erti mer+s!&&!#

.!rt! !!m /!# mem$%!#' s!m)!. ses%&! .!ti ti/!& !&!# $er(!&% (!'i /e#'!#

!/!#-! &ese/!r!# si?i& -!#' ti#''i Pe(!&s!#!#!# /isi)(i# /i se&+(!.,se&+(!. )er(%

te'!s Str!te'i me(!&s!#!&!# /!# me#'!!( /isi)(i# )er(% $erses%!i!# /e#'!#

"%m(!. )e(!"!r &er!#! )e(!&s!#!!##-! memer(%&!# )e#/e&!t!# -!#' $er(!i#!#

T!#''%#'"!!$ me#e'!&&!# /isi)(i# ti/!& ter.!/ &e)!/! '%r% /isi)(i# !t!% )e#'et%!

s!.!"! $!.&!# memer(%&!# &er"!s!m! !#t!r! sem%! )i.!& Sem%! '%r% !/!(!. '%r%

/isi)(i# !'i &es,&es terte#t% se)erti ti#'&!. (!&% !#tis+si!( se)erti mer+&+&

)+#te#' se&+(!. me#e/er!!# )e(!"!r (!i# ti/!& .+rm!t '%r% !t!% me(!&%&!#

"e#!-!. .!r%s me(!&s!#!&!# .%&%m!# r+t!# &e !t!s )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r I#i /ise$!$&!#

)e(!"!r -!#' me(!&%&!# &es!(!.!# /isi)(i# ti/!& !&!# mer!s! se/i. /!# me#-es!(

se&ir!#-! ti/!& /i.%&%m !t!% /ir+t!# De#'!# it% )e(!"!r seri#' %#t%& me#'%(!#'i

&es!(!.!# -!#' s!m!

P!r! )e(!"!r -!#' (!i# "%'! /!)!t me#'!m$i( i&ti$!r /!# te(!/!# !)!$i(!

me(i.!t r!&!# mere&! /i.%&%m r+t!# >i&! me(!(%i &!%#se(i#' s!.!"! )e(!"!r &%r!#'

ter!#'s!#' %#t%& $er%$!. K!%#se(i#' (e$i. $!i& $erti#/!& se$!'!i )em$eri

&ese/!r!# m!#!&!(! .%&%m!# r+t!# !/!(!. se$!'!i )e#'!"!r!# &e)!/! &es!(!.!#

-!#' te(!. /i(!&%&!# +(e. )e(!"!r M!&! )em$e#t%&!# se+r!#' )e(!"!r -!#'

$er/is)(i# memer(%&!# '!$%#'!# )e#/i/i&!# se!r! (em$%t i!it% &!%#se(i#' /!#

)e#/i/i&!# &er!s i!it% r+t!# Se$e#!r#-! mem%&%( !t!% mer+t!# me#%r%t Is(!m

%//.! /!# Kristi!# !/!(!. ti/!& s!(!. "i&! $ert%"%!# %#t%& me#'!"!r /!# ti/!&

me#/!r!t&!# )e(!"!r L!'i )%(! ti#/!&!# mer+t!# )e(!"!r se(!m! i#i te(!.

me#%#"%&&!# &es!# )+siti* /!(!m mere!(is!si&!# /isi)(i# )e(!"!r

Pe(!"!r "%'! /i'!(!&&!# me#-ert!i &+,&%ri&%(%m -!#' /ise/i!&!# +(e.

se&+(!. s!m! !/! /!(!m &e'i!t!# )!s%&!# $er%#i*+rm &e'i!t!# )ers!t%!# !&!/emi&

!t!% )%# &e'i!t!# s%&!# I#i /!)!t me#'e(!&&!# )e(!"!r /!ri)!/! me#'.!$is&!# m!s!

/e#'!# si!,si! /i &+m)(e&s $e(i,$e(!. )!#''%#' !-!#' Se(!i# it% &+&%ri&%(%m

"%'! /!)!t me#'e(!&&!# )e(!"!r /!ri)!/! tere$%r /!(!m 'e"!(! -!#' /!)!t

mer+s!&&!# !&.(!& K+,&%ri&%(%m /!)!t me#-em!i sem!#'!t &e&it!!# !#t!r! )e(!"!r

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-!#' ter/iri /!ri)!/! )e($!'!i &et%r%#!# /!# !'!m! Ke'i!t!#,&e'i!t!# )!s%&!#

$er%#i*+rm "%'! $+(e. mem$i#! /isi)i# )e(!"!r -!#' &%&%. I! $!i& %#t%&

mem%(i.&!# /isi)(i# )e(!"!r -!#' &i!# mer+s+& i#i Ke'i!t!# )ers!t%!# )%(! $+(e.

me#'em$!#'&!# $!&!t )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r /!ri se'i $er)i/!t+ $er$!.!s $er)!#t%# sert!

&em!.ir!#,&em!.ir!# $er%!) Ke(!$ –&e(!$ s%&!# "%'! mem$!#t% )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r

memi#!ti ses%!t% )erm!i#!# /!# /!)!t me#'em$!#'&!# )+te#si mere&! /!(!m

)erm!i#!# terse$%t Pi.!& se&+(!. .!r%s(!. me#-e/i!&!# !&ti?iti,!&ti?iti me#!ri&

)er.!ti!# se(%r%. )e(!"!r %#t%& me#-ert!i &e'i!t!#,&e'i!t!# terse$%t /!# $%&!# !t!s

)!&s!!# Mere&! )er(% $i!r )e(!"!r se#/iri se/!r !&!# *!e/!. me#-ert!i &e'i!t!#

terse$%t /!# me#'!#''!)#-! ti/!& mem$%!#' m!s! Pi.!& se&+(!. /!# '%r%,'%r%

)er(% $ers%#''%.,s%#''%. /!(!m me(!&s!#!&!# !&ti?iti /!# mem$eri i#se#ti* &e)!/!

)e(!"!r -!#' me#-ert!i &e'i!t!#,&e'i!t!# se$e'i#i Ke'i!t!# &+,&%ri&%(%m i#i se/i&it

se$!#-!& /!)!t mem$i#! si&!) /!# &e)eri$!/i!# )e(!"!r /!# sert! me#e'!. )e(!"!r,

)e(!"!r /!ri)!/! ter(i$!t /e#'!# )er&!r!,)er&!r! -!#' #e'!ti*

7.:.? 9eranan Guru%Guru

D!(!m me#-e(es!i&!# m!s!(!. /isi)(i# )e(!"!r '%r% t%r%t mem!i#&!# )er!#!# -!#'

!m!t )e#ti#' I#i !/!(!. &er!#! se(!i# i$% $!)! '%r% $+(e. /i&!t!&!# mer%)!&!#

+r!#' -!#' )!(i#' r!)!t /e#'!# )e(!"!r O(e. -!#' /emi&i!# sese+r!#' '%r% it%mesti(!. $er(!&% !/i( Se(!i# it% )e(!"!r /!# i$% $!)! !&!# (e$i. me#'.+rm!ti '%r%,

'%r% -!#' $er(!&% !/i( U#t%& $er(!&% !/i(!)!$i(! me#'.%&%m sese+r!#' )e(!"!r

'%r% .!r%s(!. me#-i!s!t /e#'!# te(iti s%)!-! ti/!& m%/!. ter)e/!-! /e#'!# ti)%

.e(!. )e(!"!r,)e(!"!r -!#' sem!&i# !#''i. !r! )em$+.+#'!# mere&! Di s!m)i#'

it% '%r% .!r%s(!. mem)%#-!i )er!t!&!# -!#' $!i& Ti#'&!. (!&% '%r% .!r%s(!.

$+(e. /i+#t+.i /!# /ite(!/!#i +(e. )e(!"!r /i/i&!##-! J+#t+.#-! !/!(!. ti/!&

m!s%& !&!( sese+r!#' '%r% mem!r!.i )e(!"!r -!#' )+#te#' !t!% (e!t /!t!#' &e

se&+(!. se/!#' '%r% it% se#/iri seri#' &!(i ti/!& mem!s%&i &e(!s t!#)! !(!s!#

>!#'!# s!#'&! '%r% s!.!"! -!#' memer.!ti&!# )e(!"!r Pe(!"!r (e$i. e(i&

memer.!ti&!# '%r%,'%r% mere&! Se.%$%#'!# it% Presi/e# MM D!t%& Seri Dr

M+.!m!/ K.ir T+-+ memi#t! seti!) '%r% s%)!-! me#%#"%&&!# +#t+. &e(!&%!#

-!#' $!i& /!(!m%s!.! mem)er$!i&i /isi)(i# /!# !&.(!& )e(!"!r -!#' sem!&i# $%r%&

!&.ir,!&.ir i#i S+$ri A.m!/ 20038 U#t%& me#"!/i se+r!#' )e#/i/i& -!#' $!i&

sese+r!#' '%r% "%'! )er(% mem)%#-!i /%! si&!) -!#' $erte#t!#'!# i!it% te'!s /!#

)e#-!-!#' %r% .!r%s $erte'!s /e#'!# )er!t%r!# )ri#si) /!# &e)er!-!!# %r%

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-!#' te'!s !/!(!. '%r% -!#' e&!) ser%)! $i&i# /!# me#'!m$i( ti#/!&!# s%s%(!# &e

!t!s !)! -!#' /is%r%. !t!% /i!r!.&!# I#i s!m!(!. se)erti me(!&s!#!&!# )er!t%r!#

-!#' /itet!)&!# Am!(!# -!#' $!i& se$e#!r#-! (!.ir /!ri)!/! si&!) -!#' te'!s

Se$!(i-! )e(!"!r -!#' $ers!(!. .!r%s /i$im$i#' /!# /i$!#t% Mere&!.e#/!&(!. /i#!si.!ti /e#'!# s!$!r /!# )e#%. &!si. s!-!#' De#'!# !/!#-! /%!

si&!) i#i -!#' /i'!#/i#'&!# $!r%(!. sese+r!#' '%r% /!)!t me#-!&i#i )e(!"!r mere&!

T!m$!.!# )%(! '%r% se)!t%t#-! $ert!#''%#'"!!$ ter.!/!) t%'!s#-! Am!(!#

&e$!#-!&!# '%r% me#-er!.&!# $%(!t,$%(!t )e(!"!r $erm!s!(!. &e)!/! '%r% /isi)(i#

/!# '%r% &!%#se(i#' ti/!& se.!r%s#-! $er(!&% %r% /isi)(i# .!#-! me#"!(!#&!#

.%&%m!# se/!#'&!# t%'!s mem$eri #!si.!t )%(! /iser!.&!# &e)!/! '%r% &!%#se(i#'

Se!r! ti/!& (!#'s%#' '%r% /isi)(i# !&!# me#"!/i m%s%. &e)!/! )e(!"!r $erm!s!(!.

se/!#'&!# '%r%,'%r% (!i# -!#' me#+(!& t!#''%#'"!!$ me#"!/i )+)%(!r %r%

&!%#se(i#' )%(! me#"!/i +r!#' /is!-!#'i &er!#! mem!.!mi m!s!(!. )e(!"!r %r%,

'%r% ti/!& se.!r%s#-! (!ri /!ri)!/! t!#''%#'"!!$ A/!(!. /i.!r!)&!# sem%! '%r%

(e$i. $ert!#''%#'"!!$ /!(!m me#!#'!#i m!s!(!. /isi)(i# )e(!"!r Me#/i/i&

term!s%& me#-!m)!i&!# i(m% )e#'et!.%!# /!# mem%)%& &em!.ir!# /i s!m)i#'

mem$et%(&!# &esi(!)!# /!# &es!(!.!# )e(!"!r Kit! ti/!& /!)!t (!ri /!ri)!/! $ersi&!)

te'!s /!# )e#-!-!#' )!/! &eti&!,&eti&! -!#' ses%!i mem!i#&!# )er!#!# -!#'

$er(!i#!# )!/! !&t%,!&t% -!#' $er$e! %#t%& me#/i/i& /!# $%&!# se&!/!r

me#-!m)!i

7.:.@ 9eranan I+u -apa

>!/i )ers+!(!##-! se&!r!#' i!(!. "i&! i$% $!)! $ert!#''%#'"!!$ me#+r!&&!#

)er!#'!i /!# ti#'&!. (!&% !#!&,!#!& &e#!)!&!. m!s!(!. /isi)(i# )e(!"!r m!si.

$er(!&% /i )erse&it!r!# se&+(!. P!tters+# 19;98 me#'!t!&!# $!.!! si&!) !#!&,

!#!& /!# )erse&it!r!# &e(%!r'! -!#' /estr%&ti* ti/!& m%#'&i# $+(e. /i)%(i.&!# "i&!

mere&! ti/!& me#/!)!t $!#t%!# /!ri)!/! )i.!& -!#' $et!#''%#'"!!$ M!&! i$%

$!)! )er(% memi&%(&!# $!(i& t!#''%#'"!!$#-! %#t%& me#'!m$i( $er!t /!# )ri.!ti#

ter.!/!) !#!&,!#!& mere&! Per(% /ite&!#&!# "%'! $!.!! m!s! $ers+si!( )e(!"!r /i

se&+(!. !/!(!. &e/%! (!m!#-! se(e)!s /i r%m!. M!&! Per!#!# i#stit%si se&+(!.

!/!(!. set!r!* /e#'!# Per!#!# i#stit%si &e&e(%!r'!!# /!(!m mem$e#t%& me#t!( /!#

r+.!#i )e(!"!r M!(!. s%!s!#! /!(!m se&+(!. !&!# me#e#t%&!# &es%/!.!# +r!& "i!

)e(!"!r /i )eri#'&!t rem!"! Se'er! %s!.! )er(% /ise'er!&!# sem!s! )e(!"!r $er!/! /i

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i#stit%si -!#' &ei( /!# ter&!!( i!it% se&+(!. S%!t% &!e/!. )e#e'!.!# /i)er(%&!#

%#t%& mem!sti&!# #i(!i #e'!ti* /!)!t /i$e#/%#' /!# ti/!& ter(e)!s /!ri)!/! &!!(!#

Se$e#!r#-! i$% $!)! !t!% )e#"!'! s!#'!t $er)er!#!# /!(!m )em$e#t%&!# /!#

)e#'!!(!# /isi)(i# !#!&,!#!& mere&! Se!r! ti/!& *+rm!( &!#!&,&!#!& me#erim!

/i/i&!# !!( /i r%m!. /!ri i$% $!)! Se$!$ it%(!. !#!& /!mit /i%m)!m!&!# se)erti

&!i# -!#' )%ti. $ersi. m!&! i$% $!)!#-!(!. -!#' $!#-!& mem)e#'!r%.i

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