edisi 1/2011 makmal kesihatan awam ipoh -...

4
Berhenti la berfacebook tu… Tahu dek bos, habis kamu… Ooo...ini kerja korang yek…. Ee..Ada orang nak jumpa kite le…. Betul ke di restoran ni?.. Sila..jemput duduk..hehe.. Mak Ooii…. Mak Ooii…. Mak Ooii…. Mak Ooii…. Boss..aku….. Boss..aku….. Boss..aku….. Boss..aku….. AAAaaaaaaa…. AAAaaaaaaa…. AAAaaaaaaa…. AAAaaaaaaa…. HUZAIMAN Pengajarannya jangan lah berfacebook waktu kerja…waktu rehat boleh le….hehehe….. MAKMAL KESIHATAN AWAM IPOH MAKMAL KESIHATAN AWAM IPOH MAKMAL KESIHATAN AWAM IPOH MAKMAL KESIHATAN AWAM IPOH KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA Edisi 1/2011 Edisi 1/2011 Edisi 1/2011 Edisi 1/2011 DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS …… 1 …… 1 …… 1 …… 1 INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) …… 2 …… 2 …… 2 …… 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 …… 3 …… 3 …… 3 …… 3 USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE …… 4 …… 4 …… 4 …… 4 RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY- RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY- RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY- RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY- URAN SEKITAR DAERAH P URAN SEKITAR DAERAH P URAN SEKITAR DAERAH P URAN SEKITAR DAERAH P …… 5 …… 5 …… 5 …… 5 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 …… 7 …… 7 …… 7 …… 7 SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK …… 8 …… 8 …… 8 …… 8 DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS at Ipoh Public Health Laboratory By: Zulhainan Hamzah, Lim Jia Min, Nuriah Nuruddin, Yuen Tsae Yann, Junainah Mat Said, Nor’Akma Ibrahim, Suhaila Abdul Rahman, Fatimah Ramli R R R ecently, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a huge issue for public health. Generally, MDR-TB is defined as resistance towards two important TB drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin. However, any resistance towards the primary drugs such as Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol will lead to a more difficult and costly treatment for TB patients. Therefore, drug susceptibility test (DST) plays an essential role in detection of drug resistant isolates. A fast result-reporting is crucial for effective TB patient management. In year 2010, a total 6,320 clinical samples taken from hospitals and health clinics in Perak State were received and cultured at Ipoh Public Health Labora- tory (IPHL). Of the 6,320 samples, a total of 1,162 samples were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). All of these positive cultures were further sent to National Public Health Laboratory, Sungai Buloh (NPHL) for drug sus- ceptibility testing (DST). All MTB samples were successfully tested for DST. In general, the turnaround time (TAT) for DST will take around 4-8 weeks be- fore the result is available. Therefore, in order to provide faster results and to improve the turnaround time (TAT) of DST result-reporting, IPHL has initiated and started the drug susceptibility testing (DST) for all MTB positive cultures commencing January 2011. This DST service is offered at the beginning only for the State of Perak with the hope that it will reduce the high workload of drug susceptibility test (DST) performed at National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Sungai Buloh. At IPHL, the drug susceptibiity testing (DST) offered will be based on two methods. The first method is known as the BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE test; it utilizes the liquid BACTEC MGIT system and the DST results will be readied and can be obtained by 4-13 days. While for the second method, which is known as absolute concentration method (ACM), it uses the solid media (LJ media). Drug susceptibility test is carried out by comparing the colony counts on drug-containing and drug-free media. Resis- tance to a drug is detected when there is growth of more than 19 colonies on the particular drug-containing media. By employing this method, result is obtainable by the 4 th week of test. It is hoped that by the availability of Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) service at Ipoh Public Health Laboratory (IPHL), the possibility of DST result-reporting TAT being delayed is lessened, and a faster and more reliable DST result can be produced for a better and more ef- fective TB treatment, especially for TB patients in Perak State. BACTEC MGIT 960 Absolute Concentration Method MGIT Tubes MGIT Drug susceptibility test

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Berhenti la

berfacebook

tu…

Tahu dek

bos, habis

kamu…

Ooo...ini kerja

korang yek….

Ee..Ada orang

nak jumpa kite

le….

Betul ke di

restoran ni?..

Sila..jemput

duduk..hehe.. Mak Ooii….Mak Ooii….Mak Ooii….Mak Ooii….

Boss..aku…..Boss..aku…..Boss..aku…..Boss..aku…..

AAAaaaaaaa….AAAaaaaaaa….AAAaaaaaaa….AAAaaaaaaa….

HUZAIMAN

Pengajarannya jangan lah berfacebook waktu kerja…waktu rehat boleh le….hehehe…..

M A KM A L K E S I H A TA N AWAM I P O HM A KM A L K E S I H A TA N AWAM I P O HM A KM A L K E S I H A TA N AWAM I P O HM A KM A L K E S I H A TA N AWAM I P O H

KEMENTER IAN KES IHATAN MALAYS IA KEMENTER IAN KES IHATAN MALAYS IA KEMENTER IAN KES IHATAN MALAYS IA KEMENTER IAN KES IHATAN MALAYS IA

Edisi 1/2011Edisi 1/2011Edisi 1/2011Edisi 1/2011

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST) FOR

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

…… 1…… 1…… 1…… 1

INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @ INNOVATIVE & CREATIVE CIRCLE (ICC) @

KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK) KUMP. INOVATIF & KREATIF (KIK)

…… 2…… 2…… 2…… 2

HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2 HIV 1 & HIV 2

…… 3…… 3…… 3…… 3

USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE USB PEN DRIVE

…… 4…… 4…… 4…… 4

RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY-RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY-RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY-RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAY-

URAN SEKITAR DAERAH PURAN SEKITAR DAERAH PURAN SEKITAR DAERAH PURAN SEKITAR DAERAH P

…… 5…… 5…… 5…… 5

JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010 JAMUAN MAKAN MALAM 2010

…… 7…… 7…… 7…… 7

SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK SEKADAR USIK

…… 8…… 8…… 8…… 8

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST)

FOR MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

at Ipoh Public Health Laboratory

By: Zulhainan Hamzah, Lim Jia Min, Nuriah Nuruddin, Yuen Tsae Yann,

Junainah Mat Said, Nor’Akma Ibrahim, Suhaila Abdul Rahman, Fatimah Ramli

RRRR ecently, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a huge issue for

public health. Generally, MDR-TB is defined as resistance towards two important

TB drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin. However, any resistance towards the primary

drugs such as Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol will lead to a

more difficult and costly treatment for TB patients. Therefore, drug susceptibility test (DST)

plays an essential role in detection of drug resistant isolates. A fast result-reporting is crucial for

effective TB patient management.

In year 2010, a total 6,320 clinical samples taken from hospitals and health

clinics in Perak State were received and cultured at Ipoh Public Health Labora-

tory (IPHL). Of the 6,320 samples, a total of 1,162 samples were identified as

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). All of these positive cultures were further

sent to National Public Health Laboratory, Sungai Buloh (NPHL) for drug sus-

ceptibility testing (DST). All MTB samples were successfully tested for DST.

In general, the turnaround time (TAT) for DST will take around 4-8 weeks be-

fore the result is available. Therefore, in order to provide faster results and to

improve the turnaround time (TAT) of DST result-reporting, IPHL has initiated

and started the drug susceptibility testing (DST) for all MTB positive cultures

commencing January 2011. This DST service is offered at the beginning only for the State of Perak with

the hope that it will reduce the high workload of drug susceptibility test (DST) performed at National

Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Sungai Buloh.

At IPHL, the drug susceptibiity testing (DST) offered will be based on two methods. The first

method is known as the BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE test; it utilizes the liquid BACTEC MGIT system

and the DST results will be readied and can be obtained by 4-13 days. While for the second

method, which is known as absolute concentration

method (ACM), it uses the solid media (LJ media). Drug

susceptibility test is carried out by comparing the colony

counts on drug-containing and drug-free media. Resis-

tance to a drug is detected when there is growth of

more than 19 colonies on the particular drug-containing

media. By employing this method, result is obtainable

by the 4th week of test.

It is hoped that by the availability of Drug Susceptibility

Testing (DST) service at Ipoh Public Health Laboratory

(IPHL), the possibility of DST result-reporting TAT being

delayed is lessened, and a faster and more reliable

DST result can be produced for a better and more ef-

fective TB treatment, especially for TB patients in Perak

State.

BACTEC MGIT 960

Absolute Concentration Method MGIT Tubes

MGIT Drug susceptibility test

Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Perak di bawah kelolaan Jawatankuasa Induk

KIK Negeri Perak telah menganjurkan Bengkel KIK Negeri Perak (Sesi 1)

yang bertempat di Pusat Latihan Felcra Seberang Perak ,Kg. Gajah,

Perak Darul Ridzuan pada 3o Mac hingga 31 Mac dan 1 April 2011.

Seramai 5 orang wakil daripada Makmal Kesihatan Awam Ipoh telah

menyertai bengkel tersebut iaitu Puan Kasnawati Bt Kassim, Cik Nazratul

Shiha Bt Mat Isa, Cik Nurliziana Bt Mohamad Asli, Cik Rabiatul Adwiyyah

Bt Md Harita dan En Huzaiman

Fitri Bin Hussin.

Definisi ICCDefinisi ICCDefinisi ICCDefinisi ICC

• ICC adalah satu kumpulan kecil

yang ahli-ahlinya terdiri dpd pekerja

yang mewakili tempat kerja yang

sama @ bersilang fungsi, berkumpul

secara sukarela untuk mengenal-

pasti masalah, menganalisanya dan

seterusnya mencetuskan idea2 yang

kreatif & berunsur inovasi bagi tu-

juan penyelesaian kepada masalah

yg telah dikenalpasti.

Ojektiff ICCOjektiff ICCOjektiff ICCOjektiff ICC

• Menyelesaikan masalah secara

sistematik dalam kumpulan den-

gan menggunakan alat2 ICC &

teknik2 yang sesuai.

Faedah ICCFaedah ICCFaedah ICCFaedah ICC

• Kepada OrganisasiKepada OrganisasiKepada OrganisasiKepada Organisasi

1. Membolehkan organisasi menge-

luarkan barangan atau perkhidma-

tan yang menepati kehendak pe-

langgan

2. Menjana keuntungan kepada

organisasi melalui pendekatan

inovasi & penghasilan nilai

Sumber : http://bpap.mpc.gov.mySumber : http://bpap.mpc.gov.mySumber : http://bpap.mpc.gov.mySumber : http://bpap.mpc.gov.my

PENAUNG

Dr. Hj. Mohamed Naim B Hj. Abdul KadirDr. Hj. Mohamed Naim B Hj. Abdul KadirDr. Hj. Mohamed Naim B Hj. Abdul KadirDr. Hj. Mohamed Naim B Hj. Abdul Kadir

KETUA EDITOR

Pn. Sherry Rahayu Bt Mohamad RadziPn. Sherry Rahayu Bt Mohamad RadziPn. Sherry Rahayu Bt Mohamad RadziPn. Sherry Rahayu Bt Mohamad Radzi

EDITORIAL

Pn. Nurhazwani Bt Md SuhaimyPn. Nurhazwani Bt Md SuhaimyPn. Nurhazwani Bt Md SuhaimyPn. Nurhazwani Bt Md Suhaimy

Cik Nazratul Shiha Bt Mat IsaCik Nazratul Shiha Bt Mat IsaCik Nazratul Shiha Bt Mat IsaCik Nazratul Shiha Bt Mat Isa

Pn. Nor’Akma Bt IbrahimPn. Nor’Akma Bt IbrahimPn. Nor’Akma Bt IbrahimPn. Nor’Akma Bt Ibrahim

Cik Rabiatul Adwiyyah Bt Md HaritaCik Rabiatul Adwiyyah Bt Md HaritaCik Rabiatul Adwiyyah Bt Md HaritaCik Rabiatul Adwiyyah Bt Md Harita

Cik Hamidah Bt JamaludinCik Hamidah Bt JamaludinCik Hamidah Bt JamaludinCik Hamidah Bt Jamaludin

Pn. Nurafida Bt SubdiPn. Nurafida Bt SubdiPn. Nurafida Bt SubdiPn. Nurafida Bt Subdi

En. Huzaiman Fitri B HussinEn. Huzaiman Fitri B HussinEn. Huzaiman Fitri B HussinEn. Huzaiman Fitri B Hussin

JURUGAMBAR

En. Mohammad Gadaffi Maula Abdullah En. Mohammad Gadaffi Maula Abdullah En. Mohammad Gadaffi Maula Abdullah En. Mohammad Gadaffi Maula Abdullah

AzmiAzmiAzmiAzmi

Pemena

ng King

& Quee

n MKAI

Pemena

ng King

& Quee

n MKAI

Pemena

ng King

& Quee

n MKAI

Pemena

ng King

& Quee

n MKAI

Pemenang Pemenang Pemenang Pemenang

Senyum CeriaSenyum CeriaSenyum CeriaSenyum Ceria

AJK KKR MKAIAJK KKR MKAIAJK KKR MKAIAJK KKR MKAI

Pengarah MKAIPengarah MKAIPengarah MKAIPengarah MKAI

Pengacara Majlis

Pengacara Majlis

Pengacara Majlis

Pengacara Majlis

Pemenang Pemenang Pemenang Pemenang

Cabutan BertuahCabutan BertuahCabutan BertuahCabutan Bertuah

Sebagai langkah inisiatif, Unit Residu Racun Perosak, Seksyen Makanan, Makmal Kesihatan Awam Ipoh telah

menjalankan kajian pemantauan pencemaran residu racun makhluk perosak dalam sayur sawi. Sampel sayur sawi

diambil bermula April 2009 - Jun 2010 dari sekitar daerah Kinta, Kuala Kangsar, Larut Matang dan Selama, Batang

Padang, Manjung, Kerian, Hilir Perak dan Hulu Perak. Jenis-jenis sampel yang diambil adalah seperti sawi putih, sawi

bunga, sawi hijau, sawi jepun, sawi panjang dan pak choy.

Jumlah keseluruhan sampel yang diambil dan dianalisa adalah sebanyak 151 sampel. Setelah dianalisa, didapati

sebanyak 44 sampel dikesan mengandungi residu racun perosak. Daripada jumlah ini, 36 sampel adalah melanggar

akta makanan atau dengan erti kata lain mengandungi residu racun perosak melebihi paras maksimum yang dibenar-

kan.

Daripada kajian dan data yang diperolehi, dapat disimpulkan bahawa masih lagi terdapat hasil sayuran teruta-

manya sawi yang dijual di Negeri Perak mengandungi sisabaki racun perosak yang melebihi paras maksimum yang

dibenarkan. Oleh itu, sebagai pengguna kita haruslah bijak dalam memilih sumber-sumber untuk dijadikan makanan

seharian. Amalan membasuh sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan sebelum dimakan boleh mengurangkan risiko keracunan

racun perosak.

Graf di bawah menunjukkan lokasi, bilangan sampel yang

dianalisa, bilangan sampel dikesan dan bilangan sampel

yang melanggar akta makanan.

" Jika kejahatan di balas kejahatan, maka itu adalah dendam.

Jika kebaikan dibalas kebaikan itu adalah perkara biasa. Jika

kebaikan dibalas kejahatan, itu adalah zalim. Tapi jika keja-

hatan dibalas kebaikan,itu adalah mulia dan terpuji."

(La Roche)

9

82

9

12

17

9

6

7

3

26

2

5

0

4

3

1

3

21

2

3

0

4

2

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Batang Padang

Kinta

Kuala Kangsar

LMS

Kerian

Manjung

Hilir Perak

Hulu Perak

BIL. SAMPEL

KAJIAN RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAWI SEKITAR NEGERI PERAK (APRIL 2009 - JUN 2010)

BIL. SAMPEL MELANGGAR

BIL. SAMPEL DIKESAN

BILANGAN SAMPEL

DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?

HIV was considered to be one single virus type. However, it was soon revealed that there were basically two strains of the HIV virus; HIV1 and HIV2. While HIV1 is the most common type of strain, which affects the

populations all across the globe, another strain of HIV1, i.e. HIV2 is increasingly becoming a similar threat.

Although both HIV1 and HIV2 are very similar, as far as transmission modes, as well as symptoms are concerned, there are few major

differences. The following are some of the major differences between the two strains:

1. The first major difference between the two strains lies in the number of cases reported under each strain. While HIV1 is

the most common strain and is found in the majority if HIV infection cases, HIV2 is the less common strain and is not

found very often.

2. Another major difference between HIV1 and HIV2 is in relation areas of prevalence. While HIV1 can be found across

all the places of the world, the less common HIV2 is mainly concentrated to areas of Western Africa. HIV2 cases are

mainly found in countries like Senegal, Nigeria, as well as the Ivory Coast. Apart from this, it has also spread into

countries like France and Portugal, as a result of economic relationships with these countries.

3. Also, HIV2 has been found to be slow in progress and has been found to weaken the immune system at a much slower

rate, than the HIV1 strain. It has also been said that, HIV2 is less infectious in the earlier stages and is also said to be

less easily transmitted.

4. However, in the later stages, it is HIV2 which does more damage. It has been found to be more infectious in the later

stages, causing a number of ailments in a very short span of time. Although there may be a few differences between

both HIV1 and HIV2, both the strains are equally dangerous. Therefore, both should be avoided at any cost. The pre-

vention modes are the same in both the cases.

HIV 1/2 DUAL INFECTIONHIV 1/2 DUAL INFECTIONHIV 1/2 DUAL INFECTIONHIV 1/2 DUAL INFECTION

HIV1/2 dual infections are observed in areas where the infection prevalence of the two viruses overlaps. Due to cross-reacting antibod-

ies between HIV1 and HIV2, correct determination of actual HIV1/2 dual infection poses difficulty.

Graph below showed the distribution of HIV1 and HIV1&2 among prisoners in Penjara Batu Gajah (Determine by Particle Agglutination

Test)

There is no “ I” in “TEAMWORK” TEAM = TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MOREThere is no “ I” in “TEAMWORK” TEAM = TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MOREThere is no “ I” in “TEAMWORK” TEAM = TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MOREThere is no “ I” in “TEAMWORK” TEAM = TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE

NONE OF US IS AS SMART AS ALL OF USNONE OF US IS AS SMART AS ALL OF USNONE OF US IS AS SMART AS ALL OF USNONE OF US IS AS SMART AS ALL OF US

Nazratul Shiha Mat Isa, Leong Sau Seong

H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2H IV 1 & H IV 2

USB Pen Drive – Apakah lagi fungsi lain

yang boleh dilakukan?

Sherry Rahayu Mohamad Radzi

Selain menyimpan data dalam pemacu simpanan data mudah alih

(USB Pen Drive), apakah lagi fungsi lain yang boleh dilakukan?

Pada hari ini USB Pen Drive atau Cakera Flash USB mengambil alih

peranan disket yang suatu ketika dahulu digunakan sebagai tempat simpanan

data luaran yang mudah di bawa ke mana-mana. Malah, ia mempunyai kapasiti

yang lebih tinggi daripada disket dan bentuk fizikalnya juga lebih kecil dan

ringan berbanding disket.

Dalam dunia teknologi maklumat hari ini, ia merupakan alat yang sangat

penting dalam kehidupan seharian kita sama ada untuk pekerjaan atau sebagainya.

Malah dengan rupa bentuk yang pelbagai dan menarik, ia dijadikan sebagai sebahagian

fesyen kepada seseorang.

Antaranya adalah seperti berikut:-

* Ia boleh digunakan untuk melarikan (running) program-program komputer secara

terus daripadanya seperti OpenOffice, Mozilla Firefox dan lain-lain.

Program-program komputer ini boleh dipilih oleh anda untuk memasangkannya

kepada Cakera Flash USB tersebut.

Sila lawati laman web PortableApps.com untuk mengetahui faedah ini.

* Sekiranya anda mahu Cakera Flash USB ini berfungsi lebih daripada melarikan

(running) program-program komputer, maka ia perlu berupaya melarikan sistem pengoperasian.

ini boleh dilakukan sama ada anda mahu larikan (run) sistem pengoperasian Windows atau Linux.

Konfigurasinya agar rumit tapi anda boleh dapati manualnya di Internet.

* Cakera Flash USB juga boleh dijadikan alat untuk sambungan tanpa wayar

dengan menggunakan fungsi konfigurasi sambungan tanpa wayar yang ada

dalam Windows dan menyimpan salinan konfiguasi sambungan wayar itu ke

dalamnya.

* Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk dijadikan sebagai alat mereset kata laluan

bagi Windows.

Sumber : Utusan Malaysia

PPPPenggunaan racun perosak pada tanaman merupakan satu topik yang sering diutarakan dalam isu kese-

lamatan makanan. Ia sering diperkatakan samada oleh pihak pengguna mahupun pihak berkuasa.

Racun perosak adalah sebarang bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk membunuh atau mengawal populasi-populasi

kulat, haiwan atau tumbuh-tumbuhan yang tidak dikehendaki, lazimnya dikenali sebagai makhluk perosak.

Dalam Peraturan-Peraturan Makanan (1985), istilah "racun perosak" termasuklah:-

a) apa-apa sediaan yang digunakan, atau yang boleh atau berupa sebagai boleh digunakan, bagi mencegah

serangga dari, atau bagi membinasakan:-

(i) kulat atau lain-lain pokok parasit atau bakteria yang mengganggu atau menyerang tumbuhan, buah-buahan, biji-bijian, bi-

natang atau harta benda;

(ii) serangga atau lain-lain perosak yang mengganggu atau menyerang tumbuhan, buah-buahan, binatang atau harta;

(iii) binatang atau burung merbahaya; atau

(iv) rumpai atau lain-lain tumbuhan berbahaya; dan

b) apa-apa bahan yang berupa racun perosak.

Secara teorinya, terdapat kemungkinan sisabaki racun perosak akan kekal pada tanaman yang disembur den-

gan racun perosak. Sisabaki racun perosak pada tanaman boleh memberikan kesan negatif kepada kesihatan manu-

sia sekiranya tanaman tersebut dijadikan sumber makanan.

Simptom-simptom biasa keracunan racun perosak adalah sakit kepala, keletihan, lemah badan, pening, cemas,

berpeluh, mual dan muntah, diarrhoea dan hilang selera makan. Lain-lain simptom yang lebih serius adalah air liur

dan peluh yang berlebihan, kekejangan perut, menggeletar dan keregangan saraf. Pesakit juga mungkin mengalami

penglihatan yang kabur, denyutan nadi yang cepat dan kesukaran untuk bernafas. Keracunan yang serius menye-

babkan sawan, mata dengan pupil mengecil, tidak dapat bernafas dan tidak sedarkan diri.

Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, pihak berkuasa telah menetapkan paras maksimum residu racun perosak yang

boleh didapati dalam sesuatu tanaman segar ataupun yang telah diproses.

RESIDU RACUN PEROSAK DALAM SAYURAN

SAWI DI NEGERI PERAK

Kalai Vaani a/p Vengrasalam, Nurhazwani Md. Suhaimy, Rabiatul Adwiyyah Md Harita