DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... vi

LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................... vii

1. PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang.................................................................................... 11.2 Tujuan.................................................................................................. 2

II. Biologi Udang Vannamei.......................................................................... 3

2.1. Taksonomi............................................................................................ 3

2.2. Morfologi Udang Vannamei............................................................... 4

2.3. Penyebaran.......................................................................................... 6

2.4. Siklus Hidup........................................................................................ 6

2.5. Karakteristik Budidaya...................................................................... 7

2.6. Sistem Produksi................................................................................... 8

2.6.1. Perkembangan Gonad................................................................ 8

2.6.2. Perkawinan/ mating dan Pemijahan/ spawning........................ 8

2.7. Perkembangan embrio....................................................................... 10

2.8. Perkembangan Larva......................................................................... 10

2.9. Moulting............................................................................................... 13

2.9.1. Proses Moulting........................................................................... 13

2.9.2. Faktor- faktor moulting.............................................................. 14

2.9.3. Kegagalan Moulting dan Pencegahannya................................. 15

2.10. Makan dan Kebiasaan Udang.......................................................... 15

2.11. Pigmentasi.......................................................................................... 16

2.12. Pertumbuhan..................................................................................... 17

III.PERSIAPAN TAMBAK........................................................................... 18

3.1. Pemilihan Lokasi................................................................................. 18

3.1.1. Syarat Teknis............................................................................... 18

i

3.1.2. Syarat Non Teknis....................................................................... 20

3.2. Konstruksi Tambak............................................................................ 20

3.3. Persiapan Tambak.............................................................................. 21

3.4. Persiapan Sarana Tambak................................................................. 22

3.5. Persiapan Media Tambak.................................................................. 23

IV. MEMILIH dan MENEBAR BENUR..................................................... 25

4.1. Benur.................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1 Pemilihan Benur........................................................................... 25

4.1.2 Pengujian Benur........................................................................... 27

4.1.3 Persiapan Tebar........................................................................... 30

4.1.4 Musim Tebar................................................................................ 31

4.1.5 Menebar Benur............................................................................. 32

V. MANAJEMEN PEMBERIAN PAKAN.................................................. 33

VI. PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS AIR....................................................... 42

VII. PENYAKIT UDANG.............................................................................. 46

VIII. PANEN dan PENANGANAN PASCA PANEN................................. 48

IX. ANALISIS USAHA.................................................................................. 51

9.1 Analisi Laba/ Rugi .............................................................................. 51

9.2 Revenue cost ratio (R/C)....................................................................... 51

9.3 Payback period (PP).............................................................................. 51

9.4 Break event point (BEP)....................................................................... 51

9.5 Deskripsi Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname....................................... 52

X. DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................. 66

i

DAFTAR TABEL

TABEL 1.Perkembangan stadia udang........................................................ 12

TABEL 2.Interval Moulting dan Penambahan Bobot Badan.................... 14

TABEL 3.Parameter kualitas tanah............................................................. 19

TABEL 4.Parameter kualitas air sumber.................................................... 19

TABEL 5. Blanko Penelitian Kualitas Benur.............................................. 29

TABEL 6.Perkiraan aklimatisasi benur berdasarkan perbedaan

salinitas dan suhu antara air tambak dan air hatchery........... 31

TABEL 7.Pengaruh Periode Musim Pada

Budidaya Udang Vannamei........................................................ 32

TABEL 8.Jenis dan ukuran pakan berdasarkan ABW udang.................. 34

TABEL 9.Pertumbuhan Udang yang diberi Pakan dengan

Berbagai Kandungan Protein..................................................... 35

TABEL 10.Pemberian Pakan di Saat awal penebaran............................... 36

TABEL 11.Presentase Pakan Terhadap Bobot Biomas Udang (BBM)

untuk Penentuan Jumlah Pakan............................................... 37

TABEL 12.Jumlah Anco Pada Petakan Tambak........................................ 38

TABEL 13. Analisa Nafsu Makan Udang Berdasarkan Checking Anco. . 38

TABEL 14. Biaya Investasi............................................................................ 60

TABEL 15. Biaya Tetap................................................................................. 60

TABEL 16. Biaya Variabel............................................................................ 61

i

DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR 1.Anatomi lengkap Litopenaeus vannamei................................ 5

GAMBAR 2.Siklus hidup udang Vanamei................................................... 7

GAMBAR 3.Tingkah laku mating pada udang vaname............................. 9

GAMBAR 4.Perkembangan embrio udang penaeid................................... 10

GAMBAR 5.Perkembangan larva – post larva udang vannamei.............. 13

i

LAMPIRAN

I. LAMPIRAN................................................................................................. 56

Contoh Nyata Deskripsi Usaha BAPPL-STP SERANG............................. 57

Bagan 1............................................................................................................ 63

Bagan 2............................................................................................................ 63

Bagan 3............................................................................................................ 64

Bagan 4............................................................................................................ 64

Bagan 5............................................................................................................ 64

Bagan 6............................................................................................................ 65

i