vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ...................................................................................... xii

INTISARI ............................................................................................................. xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 4

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 4

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 4

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 4

1.4.1. Manfaat untuk Penelitian ....................................................... 4

1.4.2. Manfaat untuk Masyarakat ..................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................... 6

2.1. Kolesterol ........................................................................................ 6

2.1.1. Definisi Kolesterol ................................................................. 6

2.1.2. Fungsi Kolesterol ................................................................... 6

2.1.3. Biosintesis Kolesterol ............................................................ 7

2.1.4. Transpor Kolesterol................................................................ 8

2.1.5. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Kolesterol Dalam Darah

.............................................................................................. 10

2.2. Buah Pir ......................................................................................... 13

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2.2.1. Secara Umum ....................................................................... 13

2.2.2. Morfologi ............................................................................. 14

2.2.3. Kandungan Buah Pir ............................................................ 15

2.3. Simvastatin .................................................................................... 20

2.3.1. Definisi ................................................................................. 20

2.3.2. Mekanisme Kerja ................................................................. 20

2.3.3. Efek Samping ....................................................................... 21

2.4. Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar .................................................... 21

2.5. Telur Puyuh ................................................................................... 21

2.6. Mekanisme Kerja Ekstrak Buah Pir Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol

Total pada Tikus Putih yang diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak ................ 22

2.7. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 23

2.8. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 24

2.9. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 24

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN...................................................................... 25

3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................... 25

3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ................................................ 25

3.2.1. Variabel ................................................................................ 25

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................ 25

3.3. Populasi dan sampel ...................................................................... 27

3.3.1. Populasi ................................................................................ 27

3.4. Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian .................................................... 28

3.4.1. Instrumen ............................................................................. 28

3.4.2. Bahan Penelitian .................................................................. 28

3.5. Cara penelitian ............................................................................... 29

3.5.1. Dosis..................................................................................... 29

3.5.2. Prosedur Penelitian .............................................................. 30

3.5.3. Menyiapkan kandang tikus beserta tempat Pakan dan

Minumnya ............................................................................ 31

3.5.4. Pemberian Perlakuan ............................................................ 31

3.5.5. Cara Pembuatan Ekstrak Buah Pir ....................................... 32

3.5.6. Cara Pengambilan Darah dan Preparasi Serum ................... 33

3.5.7. Cara Pemeriksaan Kadar Kolesterol Total ........................... 33

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3.6. Tempat dan Waktu ........................................................................ 34

3.6.1 Tempat ................................................................................. 34

3.6.2 Waktu ................................................................................... 34

3.7. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 35

3.8. Analisis Hasil ................................................................................. 36

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 37

4.1. Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 37

4.2. Pembahasan ................................................................................... 40

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 43

5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 43

5.2. Saran .............................................................................................. 44

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 45

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... 48

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Buah Pir (Pyrus Communis) ........................................................... 15

Gambar 4.1. Diagram batang rerata kadar kolesterol total antar kelompok

perlakuan ........................................................................................ 38

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Kandungan nutrisi buah pir (Pyrus communis) tiap 100 gram ............ 18

Tabel 2.2. Kandungan phenol pada ekstrak metanol daging segar dan kering

buah pir (Pyrus communis) ................................................................. 19

Tabel 2.3. Komposisi phenol pada daging dan kulit buah pir (mg/100 g bahan

kering) ................................................................................................. 19

Tabel 4.1. Data rerata kadar kolesterol total ........................................................ 38

Tabel 4.2 Hasil uji normalitas (Uji Shapiro-Wilk) .............................................. 39

Tabel 4.3 Hasil uji homogenitas (Uji Levene) ..................................................... 39

Tabel 4.4 Perbedaan rerata kadar kolesterol total antar kelompok dengan Uji

Post Hoc .............................................................................................. 40

xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Hasil Uji Statistik Deskriptif ............................................................ 48

Lampiran 2. Hasil Uji Analisis Deskriptif ............................................................ 48

Lampiran 3. Hasil Uji Analisis Normalitas ........................................................... 50

Lampiran 4. Hasil Uji Analisis Homogenitas ....................................................... 50

Lampiran 5. Hasil Uji Anova ................................................................................ 51

Lampiran 6. Hasil Uji Post Hoc ............................................................................ 51

Lampiran 7. Surat Ethical Clearence .................................................................... 52

Lampiran 8. Surat Keterangan Penelitian ............................................................. 53

Lampiran 9. Hasil penelitian ................................................................................. 54

Lampiran 10. Dokumentasi Penelitian .................................................................. 57

xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CHOD-PAP : Cholesterol Oxydase Pheny Amino Phyrazolone

HDL : High Density Lipoprotein

HMG CoA : Hydroymethylgluturyl Coenzim Asetil

IDL : Intermediate Density Lipoprotein

LDL : Low Density Lipoprotein

LPL : Lipoprotein Lipase

NAD : Nicotinamide Adenine Nucleotide

PJK : Penyakit Jantung Koroner

VLDL : Very Low Density Lipoprotein