LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Telah dipresentaasikan refarat dengan judul Demensia Alzheimer oleh Maria

Skolastika M. da Rato, Maria Conchita Dae, Chandra Maria D. I. L. Manehat pada

hari Sabtu, 15 November 2014

Kupang, November 2014 Mengetahui, Pembimbing

dr. Johana Herlin, Sp.S

Demensia Alzheimer Page ii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan

karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan refarat dengan judul Demenzia

Alzheimer. Penulis juga ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada :

1 dr. Johana Herlin Sp.S selaku pembimbing

2. Segenap staf Kedokteran Bagian Saraf RSUD Prof W.Z Johannes Kupang.

3. Seluruh pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya refarat ini.

Penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan refarat ini

karena keterbatasan waktu, tenaga, dan pengetahuan penulis. Oleh sebab itu

sangat diperlukan masukan dan saran dalam penyempurnaan refarat ini.

Akhi kata, semoga refarat ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi kita semua.

November 2014

Penulis

Demensia Alzheimer Page iii

DAFTAR ISI

HalamanHALAMAN JUDUL...................................................................................... iLEMBAR PENGESAHAN........................................................................... iiKATA PENGANTAR................................................................................... iiiDAFTAR ISI................................................................................................... ivDAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... vDAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................... viBAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA2.1 Defenisi.................................................................................................... 42.2 Etiologi.................................................................................................... 42.3 Faktor Risiko............................................................................................ 52.4 Patofisiologi.............................................................................................. 62.5 Gambaran Klinis....................................................................................... 92.6 Kriteria Diagnostik.................................................................................. 132.7 Pemeriksaan Penunjang........................................................................... 162.7 Diferential Diagnosis............................................................................... 172.8 Penatalaksanaan....................................................................................... 182.9 Prognosis.................................................................................................. 19

BAB 3 PENUTUP........................................................................................... 19DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 20

Demensia Alzheimer Page iv

DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 2.1 Etiologi Demensia Alzheimer............................................................ 4Tabel 2.2 Faktor Risiko Demensia Alzheimer................................................. 5Tabel 2.3 Kriteria Diagnosis Demensia Alzheimer.......................................... 16

Demensia Alzheimer Page v

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Metabolisme Amyloid Precursor Protein.................................... 6Gambar 2.2 Metabolisme Neuronal Injury....................................................... 6Gambar 2.3 Mekanisme Molekuler Demensia Alzheimer............................... 8

Demensia Alzheimer Page vi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

Aβ Amiloid-β

APP Amyloid Precursor Protein

BACE beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme

CAT Colin asetil transferase

CT Computerized Tomography

DSM-IV The Diagnostic and Statical Manual of Mental Disorder

EEG Electroencephalogram

FDA Food and Drug Administration

ICD-10 International Classification of disease

MRI Magnetic Resonance imaging

NFT Neurofibrillary Tangles

NINCDS-ADRRDA National Institute of Neurogical and Communicative

Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer Disease and Related

Disorders Assosiation

PET Positron Emission Tomography

PPDGJ Pedoman Penggolongan Diagnosis gangguan Jiwa

SPECT Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography

Demensia Alzheimer Page vii