bab 2 hubungan kerajaan

8/12/2019 Bab 2 Hubungan Kerajaan

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BAB 2

Hubungan individu dengan diri

sendiri


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Latar belakang ilmu tingkahlaku

Kajian-kajian awal tentang individu oleh

ahli psikologi

Psikologi strukturalisme berhubung

aspek WHAT & HOW

Psikologi fungsionalisme mengkaji aspek

WHY- contohnya:

Freud (Id..), Skinner (Behavior

reinforcement theory), Maslow (need)


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Ilmu tingkahlaku

Sikap

Emosi

Konsep-konsep kendiri Motivasi

Komunikasi intrapersonal


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Sikap (attitude)

Statements that reflect values either

favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects,

people, or events

Values-personal beliefs/preferences thatguide behavior

Model ABC

Sikap terdiri daripada 3 komponen asas iaitu:Affective-merupakan perasaan fizikal yg

menbentuk emosi/mood


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Behavioral-mewakili keinginan untuk

bertindak/berkelakuan

Cognitive-merujuk kepada proses

pemikiran

Changes in any of the three componentswill result in an attitudes change

Contoh: I like this class


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Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi

sikap

Sosial-keluarga, rakan, masyarakat

Budaya-etnik,tradisi

Pengalaman-kesan positif/negatif Idola-pengaruh seseorang/media

Ekspektasi kerja-matlamat, majikan,

rakan kerja


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Emosi

Elemen perasaan (feeling) yang

mmempengaruhi pemikiran dan kelakuan

seseorangcontoh: takut, gembira

Perasaan ini muncul berdasdarkanaktiviti/rangsangan yang berlaku di sekeliling

kita

Apabila perasaan ini diaktifkan, otak akan

mentafsirkan apa yang berlaku samada

secara rasional/tidak rasional


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How we behave depends on how we

feel??...think, think, think?

IQ only determines 20% of success, other

forces contribute 80%...EQ is one of them Emotional imbalance: when we inhibit the

expression of certain emotions.contoh:

crying-only for kids, for grown-ups-a sign of

weakness

emoticons


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Factors that shape our emotions

Temperament-an individuals style ofexpressing needs & emotions (could begenetics or nurtured)

Subconscious mind-warehouse offorgotten/blocked memories, experiencesthesub is active and influential in decision making

Cultural conditioning-what we hear and see so

often can be mistaken as realitycontoh:rich= happy, win=best, women who are notmarried=taboo


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How to achieve emotional control?

1. Identify your emotional patterns-might

discover that much of our behavior

often influenced by irrational thinking

2. Fine-tune your emotional style-contoh:

Take charge of your emotions,

share/express

Feelings are manifested in actions


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Konsep kendiri

Self-concept-the attitude, belief, judgementand perception about the self

What is self?-all things that are part of I and

Me Ideal-self?-what we would like to be

Self-concept also called:Self-esteem

Self-image Having a positive self-concept is part of

emotional intelligence


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Self-esteem

A persons overall sense of self worth or personalvalue

Your opinion of yourself

High self-esteem is a good opinion of yourself & low

self esteem is a bad opinion of yourself Self-esteem is influenced by:-

1) Job/occupation

2) Self image

3) Personality

4) How do we see our strengths & weaknesses5) Social status


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Komponen penting dalam

pembentukan SE

Self-awareness-mengenali/memahami

diri sendiri

Self-acceptance-menerima diri sendiri

Self-efficacy-keyakinan yang anda

mampu untuk mencapai apa yang ingin

dilakukan

Self-respect-apa yang anda fikir/rasa

tentang diri sendiri


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Maintaining a positive self-concept

Recognize mistakes & interpret them as

opportunity to learn and grow

Reward yourself

Monitor self-talk

Develop a plan

Do you like what you see in the mirror?


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Johari window

A concept that demonstrate self-

awareness and self-disclosure

Allows us to know ourselves better, as

well as the people around us

How much we know, how much we show

Self-disclosure-letting others know whatis real about ones thoughts, desires and

feelings


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Four frames:

1. Open

2. Blind3. Hidden

4. Unknown

Which frame is largest?


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Motivation

Derived from a Latin word movere = to

move

Motivation refers to three parts:

1. An internal need exists

2. Action taken to satisfy the need

3. Feeling of satisfaction afterwards


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Two types of motivation

Intrinsic motivation- inner drive, when

you are motivated from withincontoh,

belajar untuk mendalami ilmu

Extrinsic motivation- when you expected

something in return.contoh,belajar

untuk ijazah semata


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Most studies on motivation seek to answer

two questions:

1. How do I motivate myself?

2. How do I motivate others?

Foundation to these questions are largely

interrelated with the self-concepts

Among motivation theories: Maslows hierarchyof need, McGregors X&Y, Herzbergs Two-

factor


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Komunikasi intrapersonal

Bagaimana seseorang itu melihat dan

memberi maklumbalas terhadap diri sendiri

Melibatkan perasaan, pemikiran, emosi..

Individu memainkan kedua-dua peranansebagai sumber/penyampai dan penerima

mesej melalui saluran (contoh, otak, hati,

deria, nilai..)

Menghantar maklumbalas (contoh, menangis,

tersenyum, menjerit)


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Pengaruh komunikasi intrapersonal

Perasaan

Peranan

Nilai Kapasiti intelektual

Personaliti

Penampilan diri

bab 2 hubungan kerajaan

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