a1 ls 2011 gramatika

8/7/2019 A1 LS 2011 gramatika

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WEEK 1

Future - Budoucnost: rozdl v pouit will x going to

Will

pouvme, chceme-li vyjdit oekvn nebo jistotu

I will / ll probably beat home at six.I expect that Carol will arrive tonight.Im sure that he will pass the exam.

asto se vyskytuje po I think / I dont think

I feel a bit thirsty. I think Ill have something to drink.

It is a difficult job. Will you cope with it? Yes, I think Ill manage.It is five o clock. I dont think he will catch his train.

pouvme v situacch,

kdy nco nabzme

Your bag is too heavy. I will help you.I cant find my mobile. OK. I will look for it.

kdy s nm souhlasme:

Lets go to the party. Will you come with me? Yes, I will. I like parties.Will you have something to drink? Yes, I will have coffee, please.Can I speak to you? Yes, I will call you tomorrow.

kdy nco slibujeme:

I can meet you at five. OK. I will wait for you at the corner.It is a secret. Dont tell anybody. OK. I wont tell anyone.Remember me to your wife. I will not forget, I promise.

kdy nkoho o nco zdvoile dme:

Will you be there on time?Will you close the window, please?Will you call me? I need to speak to you.

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pouvme tehdy, kdy se rozhodneme nco udlat v okamiku, kdyhovome.

What would you like to drink? I will / Ill have coffee, please.I have left the light on. Ill go backand switch it off.

It is cold in here. Oh, I will close the window.to be going to

pouvme tehdy, kdy jsme se ji rozhodli nco udlat; je to n mysl

Its Mikes birthday next week. Were going to buy him something nice.Tom doesnt know the way. Hes going to asksomeone.Im quite happy with the offer. Im going to accept it.

pouvme tehdy, kdy pedvdme budouc dj na zklad evidentn situace.

Its going to rain. Look at the clouds. Vidme ty mraky.I feel terrible. Im going to be sick. Nen mi dobe te.She is writing that he is going to come next Sunday. M u letenku.

Cvien

1) Fill in either will/wont or to be going to.

They dont want to walk. They .................... (wait) for a bus.I think he ......................(prefer) the brown one. He likes dark colours.Camillas not feeling well, She ...................... (stay) at home.Question number four is very difficult.The students ....................................... (understand) it.Thanks for the books. I............................. (start) it this week.What would you like, sir?I........................... (have) an espresso and a glass of water, please.I dont know where my keys are. ................................... (go) and look for them.Dont worry, Mr Brown. This ......................... (hurt), said the dentist.Helen likes wearing trousers. She .............................. (try) them on.Mum is working in the garden. ................................. (help) her.You can phone me tomorrow, I............................... (be) home by three.I wonder if it ....................... (be) a nice day tomorrow.But crying ................................. (help) the situation, Liz.

2) Translate.

Stane se to znovu?Budu o tom pemlet.Neboj, bude v podku.To bude prima.Ztra bude chladno.

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To ona nikdy nepochop.Myslm, e budeme muset brzo odjet.Ale tomuhle vit nebudou!Dobr. Budu se snait. (= pokusm se).Budu vydlvat vc penz.

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WEEK 2

Podmnkov vty (Conditional clauses)

Podmnkov vty vyjaduj podmnku uskutenitelnou neboneuskutenitelnou.

Uskuteniteln podmnka se vyjaduje spojkami: if (jestlie, -li), unless (jestliene), provided( za pedpokladu e), in case (v ppad e)

Pro uskutenitelnou podmnku se ve vedlej vt uv as ptomn (pro ptomnost abudoucnost) a as minul (pro minulost).

Nap.

If he is there, he helps them. (Je-li tam, pomh jim.)If he is there, he will help them. (Bude-li tam, pome jim.)If he was there, he helped them. (Byl-li tam, pomohl jim.)

Neuskuteniteln podmnka se nejastji uvd spojkou if (kdyby) a dl se na:

podmnku neuskutenitelnou v ptomnosti (tj. kdyby te), kdy ve vedlej vt seuv as minul (u slovesa be se uv tvar were ve vech osobch, i kdy was seu prosazuje v 1. a 3.os. . jedn. stle astji) a v hlavn vt je ptomn podmiovaczpsob (would /might /could + ptomn infinitiv bez to)

Nap.

If I knew his number, I would phone him.(Kdybych znal jeho telefonn slo, zavolal bych mu.)

If he were there, he would help them.(Kdyby tam byl, pomohl by jim.)

If we waited till spring, the weather might be better.(Kdybychom pokali do jara, poas by mon bylo lep.)

If it stopped raining, we could go out.

(Kdyby pestalo pret, mohli bychom jt ven.)

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Cvien

1) Translate

If the nucleus contains an excess of neutrons, one or more of them will be converted intoprotons.

If the current passes through a solenoid, strong magnetic fields are set up.The plant increases its production provided it is equipped with modern machinery.If the results do not correspond, we will have to check all the steps.If you underestimate the difficulties, you may fail.Only if you are ready, you can leave the laboratory.Provided a more effective apparatus is applied, the costs will decrease.In case the production of the new type of reactor starts soon, it will be a success.

2) Write the sentence using the prompts

wake up late / miss bus If I wake up late, I ll miss the bus.miss bus / lose joblose job / have no moneyhave no money / stay at homestay at home / sleep a lotsleep a lot / wake up earlywake up early / get new jobget new job / be tiredbe tired / wake up late

3) Complete the sentences using the words in brackets

If you (listen) carefully, I (tell) you what to do.I (not/ buy) that coat if I were you.We would need a car if we (live) in the country.If you (study) hard, you (pass) all your exams.You (have) an accident, if you (not be ) careful.If you (miss) the bus, you (be) late.Your teacher (be) angry, if you (be) late.This soup isnt very good. It (taste) better if it wasnt so salty.Im not tired. If I (be) tired, Id go home now.If you (go) to bed late, you (feel) tired in the morning.If you (invite) me to your party, I (help) you with your homework.

(Murphy,R.: English Grammar in Use)

4) Translate

Pjm mu tu knihu, bude-li ji potebovat.Nevydlm si moc penz, kdy nebudu piln pracovat.Platil bys vc, kdybys poslal ten dopis letecky?Museli bychom tu knihu vrtit, kdyby ji potebovali.

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Kdybych byl na tvm mst, poslal bych jim telegram.Pivedu je s sebou, bude-li souhlasit.

(Zbojov,E., Peprnk,J., Nangonov,S. :Anglitina pro jazykov koly)

5) Write a sentence with If for each situation

We dont visit you very often because you live so far away.He doesnt speak very clearly thats why people dont understand him.Its raining, so we cant have lunch in the garden.


6) Translate

Co bys ekl, kdybych se ho zeptal?Kdybych byl tebou, nezval bych ho.Jestlie si vechny tyto vty pelom, naum se podmnkov vty v anglitin.

(Peters,S.- Grf,T.: Cviebnice anglick gramatiky)

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WEEK 3

Verbs ending with -ise/-ize

-ize (also -ise) is used to form a verb1) cause to be, make like, change into

e.g. computerize, dramatize2) act with the qualities of

e.g. criticize, deputize

Exercise 1Form a verb from the following adjectives:

rational - ...................................

immobile - ................................

general - ....................................

Exercise 2Use the correct forms of the verbs ending -ise/-ize in the sentences and dont change themeaning. Some of them should be used more than once.

computerize, deputize, formalize, legalise, modernize, magnetise

a) The whole system has been operated by a computer.

................................................................................................................................................b) I am doing the job of the director during his absence.

................................................................................................................................................c) I want to have those records stored on a computer.

................................................................................................................................................d) His beautiful voice completely attracted my attention.

................................................................................................................................................e) The government has decided not to continue the ban on personal handguns.

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................................................................................................................................................f) The tourist authority does not want to conserve all the old buildings in the historic

town centre.

................................................................................................................................................g) The office hasnt become equipped with a computer yet.

................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 3Complete the sentences using the correct form of the following verbs:

dramatize, specialise, criticize, magnetize, formalize

a) The novel is currently being .............................................. for TV.

b) The government is being widely ........................................ for its failure to limit airpollution.

c) Each worker has to carry a ....................................... plastic entry card.

d) The shop ...................................... in selling antique furniture.

e) He was heavily ...................................... for saying that some of the team did not workhard enough.

f) I enjoy working in general medicine, but I hope to be able to ..........................................

g) They started as informal gatherings but they have becomeincreasingly .................................. in thelast two years.

Exercise 4Use the following verbs in sentences:

minimize .................................................................................................................................................

maximize ................................................................................................................................................

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nostalgize ................................................................................................................................................

stabilize ................................................................................................................................

................mobilise ................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 5Match the verbs with their meanings.a) customize 1) to make internatio

b) naturalize 2) to put things into o

important ones are done firstc) nationalize 3) to make or change so

users needs

d) monopolize 4) to make somebody a leganot born in

e) memorize 5) to control businesshaving any effect on what happens

f) internationalize 6) to take control of a business or indu

g) prioritize 7) to learn some

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WEEK 4

Trpn rod (Passive)Trpn rod se tvo v anglitin stejn jako v etin:to be + past participle

tj. sloveso to be mus bt ve sprvnm ase a sle, past participle se tvo v anglitin od slovespravidelnch pponou ed a u nepravidelnch je to tet tvar

nap.

The Beatles are known all over the world. (The Beatles jsou znmi po celm svt.)His house has been destroyed by fire. (Jeho dm byl znien ohnm.)Her first novel will be published next year. (Jej prvn romn bude vydn pt rok.)

Doplte tabulkuas inn rod Trpn rodPtomn prost They build bridges.Ptomn prbhov They are building a bridge.Minul prost They built a bridge.Minul prbhov They were building a bridge.Pedptomn prost They have built a bridge.Budouc (will) They will build a bridge.Podmiovac zp.ptomn They would build a bridge.s modl.slovesem must They must build a bridge.s modl.slovesem can They can build a bridge.

Pevdn z aktiva do pasiva

Somebody cleansthis room every day. This roomis cleanedevery day.

Vimnte si, e pedmt se posune do pozice podmtu a sloveso si ponech stejn as, alezmn se z innho rodu na trpn. Podmt, pokud nen konkrtn, se vypust.

Pozor na vty se dvma pedmty

(nejastji u sloves give, ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell)

Peter gave Marysome flowers. Mary was given some flowers by Peter.(Petr dal Marii kvtiny.) Some flowers were given to Mary by Peter.

(Marii byly dny kvtiny Petrem.)

We gave the police the information. The police were given the information.(Dali jsme policii tu informaci.) The information was given to the police.

(Policii byla dna informace.)

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Jestlie chceme vyjdit, kdo nebo co to zpsobilo, pouijeme pedloku by + pvodnpodmt (pokud to byla osoba) nebo with + pvodn podmt (pokud to byl nstroj)

This house was built by my father. (Dm byl postaven mm otcem.)

These photographs were taken by a friend of mine. (Tyto fotografie byly pozeny mmptelem.)These photographs were taken with a very good camera. (Tyto fotografie byly udlnyvelmi dobrm fotoapartem.)

Cvien

1) Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody, they, people etc. writea passive sentence.

They cancelled all flights because of fog.People dont use this road very often.

Somebody accused me of stealing money.How do people learn languages?People advised us not to go out alone.They have invited him to the party.They will produce cheese from milk.Somebody has cleaned the room.Somebody is using the computer at the moment.When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game.


2) Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or

passive.Its a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there.Water (cover) most of the Earths surface.Most of the Earths surface (cover) by water.The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.The letter (post) a week ago and it (arrive) yesterday.The boat (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue).Rons parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) up by theirgrandparents.I was born in London but I (grow) up in the north of England.While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) from my hotel room.

While I was on holiday, my camera (disappear) from my hotel room.Why (Sue/resign) from her job? Didnt she enjoy it?Why (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?


3) Translate

V Itlii se mluv vtinou italsky.Fotbal se hraje po celm svt.

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V Mlad Boleslavi se vyrbj svtoznm automobily ji mnoho let.Do kina by se nemlo brt jdlo.Doufme, e se vybere hodn penz na tuto akci.Bylo mi eeno, e nen doma.Jak se rozbilo to zrcadlo?

Tento lk nelze podvat dtem.Tento romn napsala A.Christie.Minul tden nebyl na verku, protoe nebyl pozvn.To auto jet nen zaplaceno.Jej prvn dt se narod za nkolik msc.

(Peters,S.- Grf,T.: Cviebnice anglick gramatiky)

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WEEK 5

Present perfect continuous (Pedptomn prbhov as)

Pedptomn prbhov as tvome pomoc pedptomnho asupomocnho slovesa to be (I have been) a tvaru ing (studying).

I have been studying we have been waitingyou have been learning you have been speakinghe has been working they have been travelling

Zpor vytvome pomoc zporky NOT:

I have not been studying we have not been waiting

you have not been learning you have not been speakinghe has not been working they have not been travelling

Tvary have not been meme zkrtit na haventbeen a has not been na tvarhasntbeen.

Otzku tvome tzv. inverz, tzn. zmnou slovosledu:

Have I been studying ? Have we been waiting ?Have you been learning ? Have you been speaking ?Has he been working ? Have they been travelling ?

Pouit

Pedptomn prbhov as vyjaduje dj, kter zaal v minulosti, probha do souasnosti a pedpokldme, e bude jet pokraovat.

I have been learning English for three years. Um se u ti roky anglicky.How long have you been waiting? Jak dlouho u ekte?It has been raining since 5 oclock. Pr u od 5 hodin.

Do etiny pekldme ptomnm asem. asto pouvanmi vrazy jsou for jakdlouho, since od kdy, how long v otzce, jak dlouho u.

Pedptomn prbhov as vyjaduje dj, kter zaal v minulosti, probhaldo nedvn doby a nyn je vidt jeho dsledek

My hands are dirty. I have been repairing the car. M ruce jsou pinav. Opravoval jsemauto. (klademe draz na dj samotn)ALE: I have repaired the car. Opravil jsem auto. (klademe draz na vsledek dje)

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I have been reading this book. tu tuto knihu. (klademe draz na dj samotn)ALE: I have read two chapters today. Peetl jsem dnes dv kapitoly. (klademe draz navsledek dje)

Pedptomn prbhov as lze vyut i k vyjden pocitu rozmrzelosti,

vitky nebo netrplivosti.What have you been doing with my pen? Cos dlal s mm perem?

Nkter slovesa netvo ing formu, a tak se nepouvaj v asepedptomnm prbhovm. (nap. know, like, love, believe, be, have, hear, see )

Cvien

1) React according to the example, use the expressions for, since:

Example: She is reading.

She has been reading since morning.

She is cooking. Tom is working. The boys are swimming. They are playing cards. Granny is watching TV. Mary is practicing the piano.

(Dr. Ludmila Kollmannov, Anglitina pro samouky)

2) React according to the example, use the expression how long.

Example: The Browns are living in the country.How long have they been living in the country?

Mrs. Parker is staying at the Sports Hotel. I am learning English. Susan and Peter are cooking. David and Joan are working in sales department. I am doing lesson 20. Mr. Green is waiting for his son.

(Dr. Ludmila Kollmannov, Anglitina pro samouky)

3) Read the situation and complete the sentences:We started watching TV two hours ago. We are still watching it now.We for two hours.

I started learning Spanish in December. I am still learning Spanish now.I .. since December.

Years ago I started writing to a pen friend. You still write to each other regularly now.

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We ..for years.

It started snowing in January. It is still snowing now.It .since January.

My sister started working abroad. She started working there on 1 February.She ............since 1 February.

I am looking for my keys. I started looking for the keys two hours ago.I .. for two hours.

(R. Murphy, English Grammar in Use)

4) Translate:

Jak dlouho u tady sed?Jsi ln. Cel veer se dv na televizi.U dlouho o tom pemlm, ale pod nevm, co udlat.

M erven oi. Plakala jsi?Tady v kuchyni je horko. Od t hodin vam.Hraje dobe tenis. Hraje u nkolik let.Bydl v Anglii od roku 1968.Pracuje na tom pekladu od osmi hodin rno.Od t doby, co chodm do jazykov koly, mluvm lpe anglicky.

(S. Peters, T. Grf, Cviebnice anglick gramatiky)

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WEEK 6

NEPM E - SOUSLEDNOST ASOV (INDIRECT SPEECHor REPORTED SPEECH SEQUENCE OF TENSES)Pi reprodukci projevu, kter byl pronesen v jin situaci, pouijeme buto pmou e(John said: My parents are very well. John ekl: Moji rodie se maj dobe.), nebonepmou e (John said (that) his parents were very well. John ekl, e se jeho rodiemaj dobe.)

Slovesa uvozujc nepmou e (tzv. reporting verbs) jsou vtinou v minulm ase (hesaid, they toldme, we knew, I thought, he suggested, they explained, it wasannounced, shereplied, he remarked apod.), v tom ppad as ve vedlej vt, kternsleduje, ji neme mt dnou formu ptomnho asu a posouv do minulosti podle

pravidla o souslednosti asov (sequence of tenses):

present simple past simple

Greg said: I need a new car. Greg said (that) he needed a new car.Greg ekl: Potebuji nov auto. Greg ekl, e potebuje nov auto.Tom told me: My motheris ill. Tom told me (that) his motherwas ill.Tom mi ekl: Moje matka je nemocn. Tom mi ekl, e jeho matka je nemocn.The windows are closed. Mark told him the windows were closed.Okna jsou zaven. Mark mu ekl, e okna jsou zaven.

present continuous past continuous

She said:The baby is sleeping . She said (that) the baby was sleeping .Ona ekla: Dt prv sp. ekla, e dt prv sp.

present perfect past perfect

I have heard about it, he said. He said (that) he had heard about it.U jsem o tom slyel, ekl. ekl, e u o tom slyel.

past simple past perfect

We didnt comeby car, Mary said.. Mary said they hadnt come by car.Marie ekla,Nepijeli jsme autem. Marie ekla, e nepijeli autem.

am/is/are was/werehave/has haddo/does didwill would

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can couldmay mightmust had to

She said: I will watch TV. She said she would watch TV.

She said: I can watch TV. She said she could watch TV.She said: I may watch TV. She said she might watch TV.She said: I must watch TV. She said she had to watch TV.

Poznmka:

should, would, might, ought to, used to, mustnt a had better se v souslednosti seneposouv.

She said: I would watch TV. She said she would watch TV.

Pedminul as (past perfect) se rovn neposouv.

Id forgotten, Peter said. Peter said that he had forgotten.

Jestlie sloveso uvozujc vedlej vtu je v ptomnm ase prostm,

pedptomnm, nebo budoucm ase, k posunu as podle souslednosti nedojde.She says, I watch TV every day. She says she watches TV every day.She has said,I watch TV every day. She has said she watches TV.She will say, I watch TV every day. She will say she watches TV.

S neposunutm slovesnm asem se nejastji setkvme, jestlie nepm eobsahuje obecn platn zkon (prodn i spoleensk).

The teacher told the students that water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.Galileo said that the earth goes round the sun.

V nepm ei, kter je uvozena slovesem v minulm ase, a dochz tedyk posunu as do minulosti, se nemohou vyskytovat dal vrazy (zjmena,pslovce), kter se tak posouvaj do minulosti. V anglitin se nazvaj

here-and-now words

now then, at the time, immediatelytoday, tonight that day, that nightyesterday the day before, the previous daytomorrow the next day, the following daythis week that week these days those dayslast week the week before, the previous week

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next week the week after, the following weektwo days ago two days before/earlier here therean hour ago an hour earlier/before

Pklady:Rachel (a week ago): Im taking my test tomorrow.You (today): When I saw Rachel, she said she was taking her test

the next day.Kdy jsem vidl Rachel ekla mi, e ztra pe test.

Emma (two days ago):Ive only had this new computer since yesterday.You (today): Emma said shed only had the new computer since

the previous day.Emma ekla, e m ten nov pota od verejka.

Matthew (a week ago): Im meeting a friend at the station later today.You (today): Matthew said he was meeting a friend at the station

laterthat day.Matthew ekl, e m sraz s ptelem/ptelkyn na ndra pozdji toho dne.

Pedminul as (Past Perfect)Ve je uvedeno, e minul prost (past simple) a pedptomn as (present perfect) sev souslednosti mn na pedminul as (past perfect). Je tedy nutn se ble o tomto asezmnit.

Pouit: pro dj, kter probhl ped jinm djem v minulosti.Jak se tvo: had + past participle (pest trpn)

pro vechny osoby je stejn tvar.Otzka: inverz (pehozenm slovosledu): Had she studied English before

she went to England?Studovala anglitinu dve ne odjela do Anglie?

Zpor: pidnm not She was upset because Andrew hadnt telephoned.Byla rozruen, protoe Andrew nezavolal.

Pklady

When I came home I noticed that somebody had broken the window.Kdy jsem piel dom, viml jsem si, e nkdo rozbil okno.Halfway to the office Paul turned round and went back home because he hadforgottento turn the gas off.Na polovin cest do kancele se Pavel otoil a el zptky dom, protoe zapomnlvypnout plyn.The lesson had already started when I arrived.

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Vyuovn ji zaalo, kdy jsem pijel..

Pedminul prbhov (Past Perfect Continuous)Pouit: dj probhal nepetrit do uritho bodu v minulosti.Jak se tvo: had been+ - ing

Otzka: inverz (pehozenm slovosledu)Zpor: pidnm not

Pklady:

All the roads were blocked because it had been snowing all night long.Vechny silnice byly neprjezdn, protoe snilo celou noc.After I had been working for an hour, I decided to have a rest.Potom co jsem pracoval ji hodinu, jsem se rozhodl, e si odpoinu.She fell ill because she had been working too hard.Onemocnla, protoe pli namhav pracovala.

Cvien

1) Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I wasdoing), past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I hadbeen doing).

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours . (have)a party.

2. We were good friends. We . (know) each otherfor a long time.

3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him becausehe (walk) so fast.4. Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She

... (run).5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths

full. They . (eat).6. When I arrived, everybody was sitting eound the table and talking. Their

mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They (eat).

7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He .(look) for his contact lens.

8. When I arrived, Kate .. (wait) for me. She wasrather annoyed with me because I was late and she.. (wait) for a very long time.

9. I was sad when I sold my car. I (have) it for avery long time.

10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We (travel) for more than 24 hours.

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..ekli, e nikdy pedtm necestovali letadlem...Matka mi ekla, e bych ml nosit tepl obleen.

V nvodu se k, e fotoapart potebuje dv baterie.

Mysleli jsme, e on hraje tenis u dlouho.

ekla, e vera napsala otci. ....

Alan ekl, e prv hled Helenu. ..............................................................

NEPM OTZKA (INDIRECT QUESTION)

Nepm otzka je odlin od pm otzky, nen zde pomocn slovesodo/does/did, nen zde pehozen slovosled, na konci nen otaznk. V nepm otzceje tedy slovosled jako ve vt oznamovac, jak ji bylo uvedeno v gramaticev zimnm semestru kurzu A1.

Je-li nepm otzka uvozena slovesem v minulm ase (they asked, I wanted to know,he inquired, I wondered), dochz tak k posunu as podle pravidla o souslednostiasov i ke zmn nkterch zjmen a pslovc.

Pklady:

What did you make for dinner yesterday? Bob asked me.Bob asked me what I had made for dinner the day before.

Where do you work? she asked.She asked where I worked.

Why are you driving on the right?The policeman asked why I was driving on the right.

Do I need another filling?I asked the dentist if I needed another filling.

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Zan-li pm otzka tzacm vrazem (who, where, how old, how long,when, why, what, which tvz. wh-questions), pak nepm otzka je uvozenastejnm vrazem. Nezan-li pm otzka tzacm vrazem - tvz. yes/noquestions), je nutno pidat if (jestli), nebo whether (zda) na zatek nepm otzky.

Pklady:Why do you want to leave your job? Pam asked me.Pam asked me why I wanted to leave my job.Pam se m zeptala, pro chci zanechat svou prci.

What is the problem? we asked.We asked what the problem was.Zeptal se, v em je problm.

Do you like rock music? he asked us.He asked us if/whether we liked rock music.Zeptal se, jestli/zda mme rdi rockovou hudbu.

Can you ride a motorcycle? Ben asked David.Ben asked David if/whether he could ride a motorcycle.Ben se zeptal Davida, jestli/zda um jezdit na motorce.

Cvien

1) Steve Kramer, Amko Chief Executive, is talking to a reporter about hisbusiness career. He can still remember his first job interview after leaving school.Complete the Steves part.

Interviewer Steve Kramer1. What is your name? The interviewer asked me what my name was.2. Have you worked before? She asked me if I had worked before.3. Why do you want the job? She wanted to know.............................4. How did you hear about it? I remember she asked .........................5. Are you fit? She wondered ........................................6. Can you work on Saturdays? Then she asked me ............................7. How will you travel to work? She wanted to know .........................8. Have you got a driving licence? She asked ......................................9. How much do you hope to earn?She also asked .............................

10. When can you start? And finally she asked ...................................(Oxford Practice Grammar, J. Eastwood)

Change these sentences to inderect speech (reportedsome time later).

When is the car going to be ready? (I asked)What am I doing here? (I wondered)Did Mary phone back? (I asked)

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Who was at the door? (David asked Janet)Vicky, how much money have you got? (I was wondering)What is the capital of your country? (He asked me)

Translate

Zeptal se, jak se jmenuji.Chtli vdt, zda ztra pijdu na schzku.Zeptala se, jestli jsem se bavil na verku.Nevdl, kdy se zkouka bude konat.Zeptal se m, jestli mm as.Dti se zeptaly, kdy pijede babika.Nancy se zeptala Martina, jestli j nkdo nevolal.

NEPM ROZKAZ (INDIRECT IMPERATIVE)

Je-li pm e v rozkazovacm zpsobu, pevd se do nepm ei

infinitivem. V etin je zde vedlej vta se spojkou aby.

Je-li rozkaz zporn, uijeme zporn infinitiv. Jak se tvo si zapamatujemepodle znmho cittu ze Shakespeara: To be or not to be (bt i nebt).

Nejbnj slovesa, kter uvozuj nepm rozkaz jsou ask (podat), say,tell.

Pklady:

The policeman said to the thieves, Put your hands up!

The policeman said to the thieves to put their hands up.Policista ekl zlodjm, aby dali ruce nahoru.

The cheftold me, Put the cake in the oven.The chef told me to put the cake in the oven.fkucha mi ekl, abych dal kol do trouby.

Mr Sanders asked Fred, Please, dont smoke in my car.Mr Sanders asked Fred not to smoke in his car.Pan Sanders podal Freda, aby v jeho aut nekouil.

Cvien1) First read then report what the teacher told the students before the exam.

Please, leave your bags at the front of the room.He asked the students ..............................................................................Dont talk during the exam.He asked the students .............................................................................

Raise your hand if you need something.

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.................................................................................................................Write all your answers in pen...................................................................................................................Answer all the questions...................................................................................................................

Dont forget to write your name at the top of the page....................................................................................................................Check your answers again before you hand the paper in.....................................................................................................................

(Source: Grammarway 4, J. Dooley, V. Evans)

a. The following sentences are direct speech:

Dont wait forme if Im late.Will you marry me?Can you open your bag, please?Please, slow down!

Hurry up!Mind your own business.Could you repeat what you said, please?Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?Do not worry, Sue.

b. Now choose one of these to complete each sentence below. Use indirectspeech.

Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up.Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked ..............................................Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told .........................

I couldnt move the piano alone, so I ...............................................The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and .........................I had difficulty understanding him, so I ............................................I didnt want to delay Ann, so I ........................................................John was very much in love with Mary, so he ..................................He started asking me personal questions, so .....................................

(Murphy R., English Grammar in Use)

Translate

Policista ekl Tomovi, aby pestal kiet.Doktor mi ekl, abych vce cviil.Eric podal Sue, aby mu dala slo mobilu.Uitel ekl km, aby nejedli bhem vyuovn.Velitel nadil vojkm, aby nestleli.Rodie chtli, aby se Julie provdala za bohatho lechtice Parise.Podal jsem nka, aby mi pinesl vodu.ekla mi, abych dal vechny psady do msy.

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WEEK 8

Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed

(Pdavn jmna konc na -ing a -ed)Mnoho pdavnch jmen je odvozeno od vznamovch sloves. Vznamy a pouitodvozench pdavnch jmen se li podle jejich koncovky.

Pdavn jmna konc na -ed maj stejn tvar jako pest minul odvznamovch sloves. Popisuj pocity.

nap.bore bored znudntire tired unaven

worry worried ustaran, znepokojeninterest interested mt zjem

Ve vtch se tato pdavn jmna poj zejmna se slovesy to be (sound, seem, look).I am bored because I have nothing to do. Nudm se, protoe nemm co dlat.He is tired because he worked hard today. Je unaven, protoe dnes hodn pracoval.Everybody was very worried when they Vichni byli znepokojen, kdy uslyeliheard the news. tu zprvu.I am not interested in my job anymore. Nemm ji o svoji prci zjem.

Pdavn jmna konc na -ing maj stejn tvar jako pest prbhov od vznamovch

sloves.

Popisuj vlastnosti / kvality lid, vc a situac.

nap.depress depressing depresivnshock shocking okujcbore boring nudnsurprise surprising pekvapujc

Ve vtch se tato pdavn jmna opt poj se slovesy to be (sound, seem, look).

My job is depressing. Moje prce je depresivn.The news was shocking. Ta zprva byla okujc.George always talks about the same things. Ji stle mluv o stejnch vcech.Hes really boring. Je vn nudn.It was quite surprising that he passed Bylo dost pekvapujc, e udlal tuthe examination. zkouku.

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Pozn.: Tato pdavn jmna mohou stt i ped podstatnmi jmny. Jejich vznam senemn.shocking news okujc zprva tiring task navn kolshocked person okovan osoba tired dog unaven pes

Cvien1) Choose the correct word.

Are you interesting / interested in football?The football match was quite exciting / excited. I enjoyed it.Its sometimes embarrassing / embarrassed when you have to ask people for money.Do you easily get embarrassing / embarrassed?I had never expected to get the job. I was really amazing / amazed when I was offered it.She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing / astonished progress.It was a really terrifying / terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was very shocking /shocked.

Why do you always look so boring / bored? Is your life so boring / bored?Hes one of the most boring / bored people Ive ever met. He never stops talking and henever says anything interesting / interested.I was disappointing / disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be better.


Fill in the correct forms of adjectives.

Arent you .......................... in the results? (interest)Why are you never ....................... ? (satisfy)She said some ................... things. (surprise)The rabbit was ........................ by the noise. (frighten)

I was a little ........................ by your questions. (confuse)Cold tonic with lemon is a ........................... drink. (refresh)Its such a ....................... offer. (tempt)This weather makes me so ...................... (depress)

(Peters, S., Grf, T. Nov cviebnice anglick gramatiky)

Vztan vty (Relative Clauses)Vztan vty jsou vedlej vty, kter ble uruj podstatn jmno. V etin nejastjipouvme vztan zjmeno kter, v anglitin vztan zjmeno WHO pro osoby aWHICH pro vci.

That is the man who works with my husband. To je ten mu, kter pracuje s mmmanelem.He took an umbrella which was not his. Vzal detnk, kter nebyl jeho.

Zjmeno WHO m ti tvary:

WHO [hu:] kter, jenWHOSE [hu:z] jeho, jej, jejich

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WHOM [hu:m] kterho, jeho, nm; pouv se po pedloce, kter sezpravidla pesouv na konec vty

Today I met the man whose daughter I teach. Dnes jsem potkal toho mue, jeho dceruum.

Did you give some money to the man whose car you borrowed? Dal jsi njak penzetomu mui, jeho auto jsi si pjil?Do you have a friend with whom you can play tennis? Do you have a friend you canplay tennis with? M njakho kamarda, se kterm me hrt tenis?That is the teacher to whom I gave your telephone number. That is the teacherwho(m)I gave your telephone number to. To je ten uitel, ktermu jsem dal tv telefonn slo.

THAT - kter, kterho, ktermu atd. se vztahuje jak k osobm, tak i vcem(viz ne uveden omezen)

Have you found the keys that you lost? Nael jsi ty kle, kter jsi ztratil?Do you know the woman that Tom is talking to? Zn tu enu, se kterou mluv Tom?The bed that I slept in last night was not very comfortable. Postel, ve kter jsem spal,nebyla moc pohodln.

Vztan vty dlme na urujc (defining) a neurujc (non-defining).

Urujc vztan vty (Defining relative clauses)- tento druh vztanch vt ble uruje podstatn jmno. Nen mon tuto vedlej vtuv souvt vynechat, nebo by zbyl vta nemla pln vznam. Meme pout zjmenaWHO, WHICH a THAT. Tento typ vt neoddlujeme rkou!

The man who came in was a foreigner. lovk, kter vstoupil, byl cizinec.Those are the people who live next door. To jsou ti lid, kte bydl vedle ns.The hotel which is in King Street is very expensive. Hotel, kter jev King Street, jevelmi drah.

- v pedmtnm pdu meme vztan zjmeno vynechat

The people (that, who) I have invited are my colleagues. Lid, kter jsem pozval, jsoumoji kolegov.That is the young lady (that, who) we saw at the party. To je ta slena, kterou jsmevidli na prty.

Neurujc vztan vty (Non-defining clauses)- tento druh vztanch vt podv dodaten informace. Pro vznam vty nejsou tytoinformace dleit, lze je pln vynechat, ani by tm hlavn vta ztratila smysl. Memepout zjmena WHO a WHICH, nikoliv THAT !!! Vty oddlujeme rkou a vztanzjmeno v tchto vtch nememe vynechat.

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My brother, who lives in London, is a dentist. Mj bratr, kter bydl v Londn, jezuba.Colin told me about his new job, which he is enjoying very much. Colin mi ekl o svnov prci, kter ho velmi bav.

Dal vztan zjmena:WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY, WHAT = to, co

Cvien

1) Finish the sentence according to the example:

An atheist An atheist is someone who does not believe in God.

A burglar A pessimist

A teacher ....A customer An architect ....


Put in who, that, which or whom.

The people I met there came to see me.Did you get the postcard we sent from our holiday?The lecturer .. we are listening to comes from Spain.A pacifist is a person .. believes that all wars are wrong.The room into we came was cold and dark.

This is the person .wanted to see you.You can go by bus . stops outside the museum.Tell me all . you know about it.That is the girl about we were talking.

(T. Chud, J. Chud, Practise your English Grammar)

Put in whose, what, which or where.

It was raining hard, kept us indoors.We sat in the room from windows we could see the garden... I need is a lawyer.

What is the name of the person . camera you borrowed?The children .. mothers work have to attend kindergarten.He said he had lost money, . was untrue.The place we spent our honeymoon was really nice.

(T. Chud, J. Chud, Practise your English Grammar)

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Join the two sentences into one and use commas ifnecessary.

There is a man living next door. He is a teacher.The man

Margaret has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He is a surgeon.Margaret showed me

I have got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He is a doctor.My brother Jim .

There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over.The strike at the car factory

Peter is one of my closest friends. I have known him for a very long time.Peter .

We often go to visit our relatives in Glasgow. It is not far away.We often go


Translate:

Zn toho kluka, kter tam dnes byl?Bydl v dom, kter je pln nov.Bydlme ve mst, kter m ti kina a divadlo.Nezn nikoho, komu me dvovat.Neznm toho lovka, od kterho jsem dostal tento dopis.Ten mu, jeho penze jsi nael, je velmi vdn.U nikdy nechci vidt toho mue, jeho auto jsem pokodil.Moje sestra pracuje pro spolenost, jej kancel je v tto budov.Odeli jsme z hotelu, jeho ceny pro ns byly pli vysok.Je asto neslun k mm ptelm, co nen dobr vc.

(S. Peters, T. Grf, Cviebnice anglick gramatiky)

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WEEK 9

Modln slovesa vyjden jistoty / pravdpodobnosti

Nkter modln slovesa se v anglitin, stejn jako v etin, pouvajk vyjden jistoty nebo pravdpodobnosti, e se nco stane / nestane ; stalo /nestalo.

pro budouc jevy

MUSTCANT + ptomn infinitiv ASK / WRITEMAYMIGHT

Jistota, e se nco stane (certainty)He must come, he promised. On pece muspijt. = Urit pijde.You must be tired. Ty ale mus bt unaven!You must be joking! Ty si dl legraci,vid?Carol must get very bored, look at her! Carol se musstran nudit, koukni na ni!

Carol se urit stran nud.

Jistota, e se nco nestane

He cant come, he had to stay home. On uritnepijde.She cant be angry at you. Urit se na tebe nebude zlobit.It cant be him! To neme bt on!It cant happen! To se urit nestane! Neme se to stt!

Pravdpodobnost (probability) / Nejistota

He may come, you know him, he usually comes. Asisp pijde.It may not be so easy. Asi to nebude lehk.They may still be there. Asi tam jet budou.

Might jen slou k vyjden vt mry nejistoty. V bn ei se to ale nemusrozliovat.

He might come, but you know him, he rarely comes.Asi pijde, ale zn ho, chodmlokdy.He might redeem the promise. Asi ten slib spln, ale nevm.They might like it. No, snad se jim to bude lbit.

Nkdy mme k dispozici vce monost, jak vyjdit stejnou situaci.Pravdpodobnost i nejistotu lze vyjdit i pslovci. Pozor na postaven ve vt.

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Srovnejte:She may (not) be at home. Perhaps she is (not) at home.You may have been asleep. You wereprobably asleep.It might(not) be true. Maybe it is(not) true.

He might have left his bag in the shop. He possiblyleft his bag in the shop. pro minul jevy

MUSTCANT + minul infinitiv HAVE ASKED / HAVE WRITTENMAY / MIGHT

Dinosaurs may / might have died out. Dinosaui pravdpodobn vyhynuli.She may / might not have known about it. Asi o tom nevdla.The ring may / might have been ringing. Ten zvonek asi zvonil.

Cvien

1) Put in must, cant nebo may (might).

The film ________ be very good. Everybody I know speaks badly of it.I'm not sure if she will come to the party. She ________ stay at home.That restaurant ________ be very good. Its always full of people.That restaurant ________ be very good. Its always empty.Where is John? He _________ be in his office.Congratulations on passing your exam. You __________ be very pleased.You have just eaten. So you ________ be hungry.

Ask Ann, she _________ know.Brian said he would be here before nine. Its ten, now. He ________ be coming.Bill and Sue travel very often, they _________ have a lot of money.

Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.

Jane walked past me without saying anything. She must __________ thoughtful.Bob isnt at work today. He must __________ ill.Somebody is calling. It cant __________ Mary. She has just called me.I couldnt find my purse. I must ___________ _____( to forget) it in my office.Ann was in a very difficult situation. It cant __________ easy for her.The Smiths havent lived here for long. They cant ____________( to know) many

people.

Express the certainty or probability in the past.

I wonder how the fire started. Do you think it was an accident?No, the police say it _______________________ the accident.How did the fire start? I suppose it was an accident.Well, the police arent sure. They say it _____________________an accident.

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I havent seen the people next door for ages. They _____________________(to goaway).Don passed the exam without studying for it.The exam (to be) _____________________ very difficult.She knew everything about our plans. She _____________________(to listen) to our

conversation.Why are the people waiting in the street?They ___________________________ (to wait) for a bus.

Write the sentences in a different way.

Perhaps Margaret is busy.Maybe she went home earlier.She probably doesnt want to see me.She isnt possibly working today.

Pelote. Pouijte modln slovesa.

Mon, e je doma.Urit to potebuje.Mon, e to nen to CD.Urit neml tolik penz.Tohle urit nen ten hrad.Mon, e nen pstupn veejnosti.Urit ten film nevidli.Ta kamera asi nen tak star, jak k.Cindy urit jet ek ped kinem.Urit ten et zaplatil.On tu zkouku nemohl udlat.Asi studuje, u jsem ho dlouho nevidl..On urit studuje medicnu.To nemusela bt vhoda!Mon, e se mu to nebude lbit.

English Grammar in Use, R. MurphyModern uebnice anglitiny ; S. Tryml, T.Gottheinerov, A.Jansk

a1 ls 2011 gramatika

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