4551-2 skema bio trial spm 2013

SULIT 4551/2

4551/2©2013 Hak Cipta BPSBPSK [Lihat halaman sebelah SULIT

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN

KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA

PENTAKSIRAN DIAGNOSTIK AKADEMIK SBP 2013

PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

BIOLOGI

Kertas 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

SULIT 2 4551/2


Question 1

No Mark scheme Sub

total

Total

1(a)(i) Able to name system P.

Answer :

Nervous system

1

1

1

(ii) Able to name cell Q and cell R

Answer :

Cell Q : efferent / motor neurone

Cell R : Interneurone

2

1

1

2

(iii) Able to draw afferent / sensory neuron

Sample answer :

Cell body in the middle

any diagram of afferent neuron.

*Reject : symbol of afferent

1

1

1

(b) (i) Able to name level of cell organization shown in level T.

Answer:

Organ

1

1

1

(ii) Able to give one reason for the answer in 1(b)(i).

Sample answer :

Because it contains more than one of different type of tissue //

build up by grey matter and white matter // more than one type

of tissue // any suitable explanation.

1

1

SULIT 3 4551/2


(c)(i) Able to explain the role of cell Q, cell R and cell S in a

reflex action.

Sample answer :

P1: the impulse are transmitted from an afferent neurone / Q to

the spinal cord.

P2: (in the spinal cord), the (nerve) impulses are transmitted

from the afferent neurone to an interneurone

P3: the impulses are transmitted to an efferent neurone.

Any two

2

1

1

1

2

(ii) Able to explain one importance of reflex action to human.

Sample answer :

F : To provide a rapid / automatic / spontaneous action

P1 : to respond immediately / faster (to dangerous) stimuli /

condition / situation

P2 : to protect from (serious) injury

Any two

2

1

1

1

2

(d) Able to suggest two ways to help the person to do their

daily routine of life.

Sample answer :

P1: (The Alzheimer`s person becomes confused/ forgetful/

lost their sense of direction), help them to find the way //

any explanation.

P2: ( lose the ability to read / write/ eat / walk / talk) help them

to read news paper // any explanation

P3: Care of patients / lots of patience / understanding // any

explanation // pay more attention //

P4: Visits homes for aged / old folks/ old people of

Alzheimer`s patients.

Any two

2

1

1

1

1

2

TOTAL 12

SULIT 4 4551/2


Question 2

No Mark scheme Sub

total

Total

2(a)(i) Able to name the structures labeled P and Q.

Answer

P : Chromosomes / Chromatid / sister chromatid

Q : Centriole

2

1

1

2

(ii) Able to state one function of Q.

Sample answer

To form spindle fibres during cell division/meiosis

*Reject : mitosis

1

1

1

(iii) Able to state the stage of division of cell X and Y.

Sample answer

X : Prophase 1

Y : Metaphase 1

2

2

(b)(i) Able to state one difference between the chromosomal

behaviour in cell x and cell Y.

Sample answer

PROPHASE 1/ Cell X METAPHASE 1/ Cell Y

D1- Homologous

chromosomes are arranged

randomly

Homologous chromosomes

are arranged on the

metaphase plate/ equatorial

plane / middle of the cell

D2- The centromeres of the

chromosomes are not hold

by/ attached to any spindle

fibre.

The centromeres of the

chromosomes are hold by/

attached to the spindle fibres.

D3- Crossing over takes

place between the non-sister

chromatids / homologous

chromosome

Crossing over has already

taken place between the non-

sister chromatids /

homologous chromosome

Any one

1

1

1

1

1

SULIT 5 4551/2


(ii) Able to explain one important event that takes place

during stage shown in cell X.

Sample answer

F1: Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

P1: An exchange of segments of DNA / genetic materials

/information (between non-sister chromatids /homologous

chromosomes / bivalent / tetrad)

P2: which results in new combinations of genes / alleles on a

Chromosome

P3 : to produce variations (in gametes / offspring)

Any three

*Reject : cross over

3

1

1

1

1

3

(c)(i) Able to explain how the chromosomal behaviour in cell Y

involved in reducing the chromosomal number in the cell

J.

Sample answer

P1: (After metaphase 1), anaphase 1 takes place

P2 : 23 / n / half of sister chromatid move / pulled / separate

away to the opposite pole.

P3: after completed meiosis// meiosis 1 and meiosis 11

P4: gamete / sperm with 23 / n chromosome formed.

Any three

*Reject : attract

3

1

1

1

3

TOTAL 12

SULIT 6 4551/2


Question 3

No Mark scheme Sub

total

Total

3(a)(i) Able to name structure P

Answer

Gall bladder

1

1

1

(ii) Able to state the role of P to maintain the alkaline medium

in R.

Sample answer

P1 : Channel / release bile into the R / duodenum.

P2 : bile neutralize the acid (from the stomach).

P3 : bile optimizes the pH ( for enzyme action)

Any one

1

1

1

1

1

(b) Able to explain how to overcome the difficulty.

Sample answer

P1: Bile acts as an emulsifier

P2: Lowers the surface tension of the lipids

P3: Coats tiny/ fat droplets to form a stable emulsion

P4 : providing a greater/large surface area ( for digestion )

Any two

2

1

1

1

1

2

(c)(i) Able to name the enzyme and product of protein digestion

in R and S in Table 1.

Sample answer

Structure Enzyme Product

R Trypsin Peptide

S Erepsin Amino acids

**Enzyme and product must be correct = 1 mark

*Reject : protease

2

1

1

2

(ii) Able to explain how the enzyme hydrolysed quaternary

structure of proteins in Q.

Sample answer

P1: Loosen the of quarternary structure // change to three

dimensional shape / tertiary structure

P2 : breaking (specific) peptide bond

P3: In acidic medium / pH around 2

Any two

2

1

1

1

2

(d) (i) Able to state differences between human and rabbit 1

SULIT 7 4551/2


Sample answer :

Human Rabbit

Small caecum / appendix Big / large caecum /

appendix

1

1

(ii) Able to explain how the rabbit get energy from the

vegetables.

Sample answer

P1: bacteria in the caecum/appendix produce cellulase

P2 : to digest / hydrolyse / break down cellulose ( in food)

P3 : to glucose

P4 : Glucose/ the breakdown product pass through the

alimentary canal of rabbit twice // the first batch of faeces

eaten again

P5: Glucose /nutrient / digested food / product are absorbed

(for the energy.)

Any three

*Reject : convert

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

TOTAL 12

Question 4

No Mark scheme Sub

total

Total

(a)(i) Able to explain one function of hormone secreted by X

Answer :

F : Oestrogen

P : to repair/ stimulate the thickening uterine lining /

endometrium wall.

2

1

1

2

(a)(ii) Able to label to show a part which fertilization take place

Answer :

Any part of fallopian tube.

1

1

(b)(i) Able to explain how the brain regulate hormones in the 2

SULIT 8 4551/2


menstrual cycle.

Sample answer :

F : Brain consists of pituitary gland// hypothalamus

P1 : Secrete Follicle Stimulating Hormone/ FSH/ Luteinizing

Hormone/ LH // Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone/GnRH

P2 : Stimulate the development of follicle into Graffian

follicle/ stimulate ovulation // Stimulate pituitary gland to

secrete hormone

Any two

1

1

1

2

(b)(ii) Able to name phase S and T in uterus lining during

menstrual cycle.

Answer :

Phase S : Menstruation

Phase T : Vascularise

2

1

1

2

(b)(iii) Able to explain how contraceptive pills prevent the process

at N from occur.

Sample answer :

P1 : Contraceptive pills contains oestrogen and progesterone

P2: Inhibit Secretion of LH

P3: Prevent ovulation (from occur)

2

1

1

1

2

(c)(i) Able explain why female have higher risk to acquired

oesteoporosis compare to male

Sample answer :

P1 :(At 60) woman undergoes menopause

P2 : ovary no longer secrete oestrogen hormone

P3 : less absorption of calcium (in small intestine)

Any two

2

1

1

1

2

(c)(ii) Able to suggest one way to reduce the effects of menopause

symptom

Sample answer :

P1 : Taking diet with high calcium

P2 : Take oestrogen hormone supplement

P3 : Seek psychiatrist for counseling

P4 : Have healthy lifestyle // regular exercise // avoid smoking

P5 : Avoid stress

Any one

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

TOTAL 12

Question 5

SULIT 9 4551/2


No Mark scheme Sub

total

Total

5(a)(i) Able to write the parent`s genotype in the spaces provided

Sample answer

Ali : IᴬIᴼ

Aisyah : IᴼIᴼ

2

1

1

2

(ii) Able to write the genotype of gametes in the circle provided

Sample answer

Ali : Iᴬ , Iᴼ

Aisyah : , Iᴼ , Iᴼ

**Both type of gametes for Ali and Aisyah correct 1 mark

2

1

1

2

(iii) Able to write the offspring`s genotype in the spaces

provided.

Sample answer

Iᴼ Iᴼ

1

1

1

(b) Able to explain how the offspring inherits blood group O.

Sample answer

P1 : during meiosis

P2 : father / Ali produced gametes with allele Iᴬ while

mother

also produced gametes with allele Iᴬ

P3 : The gametes fused / fertilized (to produced zygote)

P4: Zygote / offspring has genotype Iᴬ Iᴬ , ( blood group O)

Any Three

3

1

1

1

1

3

(c) Able to explain why her husband /Ali is not a compatible

donor.

Sample answer

P1 : Ali has antigen A ,

P2 : Aisyah has antibody a

P3 : Antigen A and antibody a is compatible

P4 : Agglutination will occur .

Any three

3

1

1

1

1

1

3

SULIT 10 4551/2


(d) Able to name the genetic disease .

Sample answer

Haemophilia

1

1

TOTAL 12

SECTION B

Question 6

No Mark Scheme Sub

total

Total

6(a)

(i) Able to explain the cellular respiration process that occurs

in individual X and Y correctly.

Sample answer:

Individual X

F1 : Anaerobic respiration / not required oxygen

P1 : Occur in cytoplasm

P2 : The glucose is partially/ not completely oxidised /

broken down

P3 : releases less energy / 150 kJ of energy (per mole of

glucose)

P4 : produce lactic acid

Individual Y

F2 : Aerobic respiration / required oxygen

P5 : occurs in mitochondria (and cytoplasm)

P6 : The glucose is completely oxidised / broken down

P7 : releases much energy / 2898 kJ of energy (per mole of

glucose)

P8 : produce carbon dioxide and water

** Reject ATP

Any six

Max 6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

SULIT 11 4551/2


(ii) Able to explain why the individual X carries out the action.

Sample answer

Wears a track suit :

F : To prevent lose of heat

P1 : Heat that traps by the track suit is used to maintain the

body temperature

P2 : Less oxygen is used to produce heat and the oxygen can

be used to oxidise lactic acid

Takes a few long deep breaths :

F : to obtain more oxygen

P3 : to pay the oxygen debt

P4 : Oxygen is used to breakdown lactic acid

Walks freely as a “cooling down” activity :

F : To maintain the blood circulation rate (to transport the

lactic acid to the liver)

P5 : To ensure that oxygen is supplied continuously to the

muscle cells

Any six involve all actions

Max 6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

(b) Able to explain the similarities and differences of both

system.

Sample answer :

Similarities :

F1 : Both have (large) surface area for gaseous exchange

P1 : Human has alveolus and fish has filaments/lamellae

F2 : Both have surface that increase the diffusion rate of

gases

P2 : The wall of alveoli in human very thin / only 1 cell thick

// The membrane of filaments/lamellae in fish very thin /

only 1 cell thick

F3 : Both respiratory organs have blood capillaries

network

P3 : To transport the respiratory gases rapidly / faster/

efficiently

F4 : Both have moist surface for gaseous exchange

P4 : to dissolve more respiratory gases

Max 8

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

SULIT 12 4551/2


F5 : Both use muscles to change the pressure in the

thoracic cavity

P5 : Human has diaphragm muscle and intercostals muscles

Fish has muscles at mouth and operculum

F6 : Both have circulatory system to transport oxygen to

body tissues in blood vessels

P6 : Human and fish have closed circulatory systems

Differences

Human (has) Fish (has) Explanation

(P)

F7 Cartilage rings

at trachea

prevent the

trachea from

being collapse

But the water

flow prevents

the grills

from being

stick together

(1 m)

P7 To ensure

the continuous

and sufficient

oxygen supply

(1 m)

F8 Gaseous

exchange

surface in

alveoli are

always moist

// Gaseous

exchange

surface in

alveoli do not

expose to the

environment

directly

But Gaseous

exchange

surface is

constantly

moist by

water

(1 m)

P8 Position of

the organ to

ensure that the

gaseous

exchange

surfaces do not

dry up // any

explanation

(1 m)

Any eight

At least 1 point of similarity and 1 point of differences.

1

1

1

1,1

1,1

1,1

8

TOTAL 20

SULIT 13 4551/2


Question 7

No Mark Scheme Sub

total

Total

7(a) Able to explain the adaptation of xylem to its functions

Sample answer :

F1 : Xylem vessels are elongated cells arranged end to end

P1 : to allows water to flow in continuous column.

F2 : (end) walls (of the vessels) have (broken down in the)

pits

P2 : to allows water to pass/diffuse/move from cell to cell.

F3 : The side walls of the xylem vessels are perforated by

pits,

P6 : to allows water to pass/move sideways/lateral movement

F4 : The lignified walls

P4 : prevent the xylem vessels from collapsing // for

mechanical support

F5 : The lumen of xylem vessels is narrow

P5 : increases the capillarity forces / action

Any 2F with P

Max 4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

(b) Able to explain the movement of water through the roots

Sample answer :

F : involve Root pressure

P1 : The root hairs provide a large surface area ( for absorption

of water.)

P2 : The root hair cells are hypertonic to the surrounding soil

water.

P3 : water diffuse into the root hair cell

P4 : by osmosis.

P5 : The root hair cells become hypotonic to the cells in the

cortex.

P6 : (In the cortex) water diffuses (into the parenchyma cells)

P7 : into endodermis.

P8 : By osmosis

P9 : Casparian strips ( lining the side of the cell wall of

Endodermal) is impermeable to water.

P10 : Water movement through the cell wall is blocked.

P11 : Water diffuses through the cytoplasm / vacuole of

Max 8

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

SULIT 14 4551/2


endodermal cells (to the xylem vessels) // any explanation

Any six

P4 and P8 give mark once

(c) Able to explain why the rate of transpiration differ from

the time 0000 to time 2400.

Sample answer :

From 0000 to 0600 :

F1 : Rate of transpiration is low.

P1 : Stomata close due to low light intensity.

P2 : Less water is lost

From 0600 to 1800

F2 : Rate of transpiration increases.

P3 : Light intensity is high, guard cells carry out

photosynthesis,

P4: The sugar content in the guard cells increase causing its

osmotic pressure to increase // guard cells is hypertonic to

epidermal cells // Potassium ion diffuse into guard cell

P5 : Water diffuse into the guard cells

P6 : by osmosis

P7: and the guard cells become turgid

P8 : The guard cells curve due to the inner cell wall being

thicker than the outer cell wall // any explanation

P9 : causing the stoma to open.

P10 : More water lost to surrounding.

From 1800 to 2400

F3 : Rate of transpiration decreases.

P11 : Light intensity is low, photosynthesis is low / does not

occur.

P12 : Osmotic pressure in guard cells decrease // guard cells is

hypotonic to epidermal cell

P13 : Water diffuse out of cells

P14 : by osmosis

P15 : The guard cell lose water / become flaccid causing the

stoma to close.

Any 10

P6 and P14 : give mark once

Max

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

TOTAL 20

SULIT 15 4551/2


Question 8

No Mark Scheme Sub

total

Total

8(a)(i) Able to explain two adaptive characteristic for efficient

transport in human

Sample answer

F1 : Biconcave disc //thinner at the centre than at its edges

P1 : to increase total surface area

P2 : for efficient gaseous exchange

F2 : No nucleus

P3 : to contain more heamoglobin

P4 : to bind with oxygen/carbon dioxide/respiratory gases/to

form oxyhaemoglobin/carbaminohaemoglobin

F3 Elastic membrane

P5 : Can squeeze into (tiniest) capillaries

Any four

Max 4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

(a)(ii) Able to explain the possible consequences of this condition

on the health and state the type of food he should take

Sample answer

F : Anaemia

P1 : Less red blood cells/erythrocyte / haemoglobin to

combine with oxygen

P2 : to form oxyhaemoglobin

P3 : less oxygen is transported to body tissues

P4 : for cellular respiration

P5 : less energy is produced

P6 : resulting in tiredness / breathlessness / weakness / fatigue

P7 : pale looking appearance

Any 4

Type of food

P8 : Food rich in iron / ferum

P9 : cockles / liver / spinach / folic acid // any suitable example

Max 6

(4+2)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

SULIT 16 4551/2


(b) Able to discuss about the statement.

Sample answer

F : People should consume balanced diet, not smoking and

practice healthy lifestyle

Balance diet

B1: Balance intake of fats / lipids / carbohydrate / sugar /

cholesterol // follow the food guide pyramid

B2: Avoid the accumulation / deposition of cholesterol in the

lumen of blood vessel / avoid obesity

B3: Maintain blood flow / circulation

B4: Prevent artherosclerosis / stroke / thrombosis / embolism

B5: Correct amount intake of salt in diet

B6: Avoid raises the blood osmotic pressure / increase the

blood pressure / hypertension

B7 : Prevent heart attack/ cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction

Smoking

C1: No nicotine , blood vessel not constrict // not addicted

C2: Normal / maintain blood pressure

C3: Prevent accumulation of plaque

C4: Prevent thrombosis / artherosclerosis / arteriosclerosis

C5: No smokes which contain carbon monoxide

C6: No competition to bind with heamoglobin between carbon

monoxide and oxygen

C7: Prevent inefficiency of transporting of oxygen //

transporting of oxygen is efficient.

C8: Prevent difficulty in breathing / fatigue / stroke / chest

pain / angina

C9 : Prevent heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial

infarction.

Practicing unhealthy lifestyle

L1: Good of exercise / physical exercise // no sedentary

lifestyle

L2: Prevent obesity // excess fat can be burnt

L3: Avoid stress / high blood pressure

L4 : Avoid heart attack / cardiac arrest / myocardial infarction.

Any 10

B7. C9, L4 : give mark once

At least 1 B, 1 C , 1 L

Max

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

TOTAL 20

SULIT 17 4551/2


Question 9

No Mark Scheme Sub

total

Total

(a) Able to explain what measures can be taken to ensure a

balanced and stable ecosystem is maintained

Sample answer:

Technological approach:

F1: Using unleaded petrol / hybrid car

E1: Reduce the emission of lead/ plumbum into the

Atmosphere

F2: Use of catalytic converter

E2: Convert hazardous gases into harmless substances

F3 : Use of renewal energy

E3 : Reduce emission of carbon dioxide into atmosphere

F4 : Treatment of sewage

E4 : Prevent from domestic waste/ industrial waste from

polluted the sea

Non-Technological Approach

F1: Implementation of law

E1: Fine the offender

F2: Education/ campaign

E2: To instill awareness of importance of nature to public

F3: Practice of biological control

E3: Reduce the usage of herbicide and pesticide

Any 10

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

(b) Able to discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained

according to following criteria:

o F1 : Description of balanced ecosystem

o F2 : Importance of maintaining the balanced

ecosystem

o F3 : Reason to maintain

Sample answer

F1 : It is a balanced ecosystem // interaction between biotic

and abiotic factors.

Max

10

1

SULIT 18 4551/2


P1 : ensure conservation of biodiversity // preservation of flora

and fauna

P2 : preventing extinction of flora and fauna

F2 : maintaining major soures of human food / examples //

sources of medicinal resource

P3 : sustain food web / chain in the ecosystem

P4 : preventing disruption of natural cycle of water / carbon /

balance between photosynthesis and respiration.

P5 : to provide natural water catchment area

P6 : to preserve natural resoures for outdoor / recreational

activities / tourism / ecotourism

P7 : to reduce stress / promote healthy life style

F3 : the loss of plants / animals // destruction of flora and

fauna in the ecosystem // lost of habitat / ecological

niche / certain organisms

P8 : to prevent reduction in food resources / food chain / size

of food web

P9 : to prevent soil erosion / land slide/ muddy flood / flash

flood / natural disaster

P10 : to prevent extinction of a few animals / plant species

which might be useful in the future.

Any 10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

TOTAL 20

4551-2 skema bio trial spm 2013

Documents