iv

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL .................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. iii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1

1. Alasan Pemilihan Tempat Praktik Industri ............................................. 1

2. Alasan Pemilihan Bidang yang Dipelajari .............................................. 2

B. Tujuan Praktik Industri ................................................................................. 3

1. Tujuan Secara Umum .............................................................................. 3

2. Tujuan Secara Khusus ............................................................................. 3

C. Manfaat Praktik Industri ............................................................................... 4

1. Manfaat Bagi Mahasiswa ........................................................................ 4

2. Manfaat Bagi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta ........................................ 4

3. Manfaat Bagi Industri ............................................................................. 5

BAB II PROFIL INDUSTRI .......................................................................................... 6

A. Manajemen Industri ...................................................................................... 6

1. Sejarah PT. Janata Marina Indah ............................................................ 6

2. Lokasi PT. Janata Marina Indah.............................................................. 7

3. Visi dan Misi PT. Janata Marina Indah ................................................... 8

4. Struktur Organisasi PT. Janata Marina Indah ......................................... 9

5. Jenis Pekerjaan ........................................................................................ 9

6. Departemen ........................................................................................... 10

B. Proses Jasa ................................................................................................... 17

C. Peralatan dan Fasilitas yang Digunakan ..................................................... 17

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BAB III KEGIATAN KEAHLIAN .............................................................................. 26

A. Kegiatan Industri ......................................................................................... 26

B. Peraturan Class dan Survei Kapal Menurut Standar Biro Klasifikasi

Indonesia (BKI) ........................................................................................... 26

1. Annual Survey ....................................................................................... 27

2. Intermediate Survey .............................................................................. 28

3. Renewal Survey atau Spesial Survey .................................................... 29

C. Pembahasan Proses Replating Pada Lambung Kapal ................................. 29

1. Pengertian Replating ............................................................................. 29

2. Pengertian Lambung Kapal ................................................................... 29

3. Proses Replating .................................................................................... 33

a. Kapal Masuk Dock .......................................................................... 34

b. Pembersihan Plat Badan Kapal ....................................................... 36

1) Pembersihan dengan Metode Penyekrapan ............................... 38

2) Pembersihan dengan Metode Waterjet Cleaning ...................... 38

3) Pembersihan dengan Metode Sand Blasting ............................. 39

c. Identifikasi Kerusakan Plat ............................................................. 41

1) Identifikasi secara umum .......................................................... 41

2) Pengukuran Ketebalan Plat Badan Kapal dengan Ultrasonic

Test ............................................................................................ 43

d. Pemotongan Plat ............................................................................. 46

e. Pengelasan Lambung Kapal ............................................................ 49

f. Pengujian Hasil Pengelasan ............................................................ 55

1) Pengujian Secara Visual ............................................................ 55

2) Pengujian Menggunakan Minyak (Solar) dan Kapur................ 56

3) Penyebab Cacat Pada Hasil Pengelasan .................................... 59

BAB IV PERMASALAHAN DAN SOLUSI ............................................................... 62

A. Permasalahan Pada PT Janata Marina Indah .............................................. 62

B. Solusi ........................................................................................................... 63

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................................... 65

A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................. 65

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B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 66

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... 68

LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................. 69

vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Layout Galangan PT. JMI Semarang Unit I .................................................. 7

Gambar 2. Layout Galangan PT. JMI Semarang Unit II................................................. 8

Gambar 3. Struktur Organisasi PT. Janata Marina Indah ............................................... 9

Gambar 4. Prosedur Perbaikan dan Perawatan Kapal ................................................... 17

Gambar 5. Kantor Janata Marina Indah Unit I .............................................................. 18

Gambar 6. Graving Dock JMI Unit I ............................................................................ 18

Gambar 7. Mesin Bubut JMI Unit I .............................................................................. 20

Gambar 8. Bending Machine JMI Unit I ....................................................................... 20

Gambar 9. Graving Dock JMI Unit II ........................................................................... 21

Gambar 10. Gentry Crane JMI Unit II.......................................................................... 22

Gambar 11. Balancer Propeller JMI Unit II ................................................................. 23

Gambar 12. Bending Machine JMI Unit II ................................................................... 23

Gambar 13. Dock Crane JMI Unit II ............................................................................ 24

Gambar 14. Mobile Crane JMI Unit II ......................................................................... 24

Gambar 15. Forklift JMI Unit II ................................................................................... 25

Gambar 17. Panjang Kapal ........................................................................................... 30

Gambar 18. Lebar Kapal ............................................................................................... 30

Gambar 19. Skema Proses Replating ............................................................................ 33

Gambar 20. Skema Singkat Proses Docking ................................................................. 35

Gambar 21. Landasan Kapal Selama Proses Pengedokan ............................................ 36

Gambar 22. Organisme Laut pada Dinding Kapal ........................................................ 37

Gambar 23. Sea Chest ................................................................................................... 37

Gambar 24. Penyekrapan Lambung Kapal ................................................................... 38

Gambar 25. Pot Blast .................................................................................................... 40

Gambar 26. Blast Hose ................................................................................................. 40

Gambar 27. Pembersihan dengan Sand Blasting .......................................................... 41

Gambar 28. Plat yang Terjadi Deformasi ..................................................................... 43

Gambar 29. Alat Ultrasonic Test .................................................................................. 44

Gambar 30. Pengukuran Ketebalan Plat dengan Ultrasonic Test ................................. 44

viii

Gambar 31. Brander Las Potong .................................................................................. 46

Gambar 32. Pemotongan Plat dengan Brander Las ...................................................... 47

Gambar 33. Plat Baru/Plat Pengganti............................................................................ 47

Gambar 34. Pemotongan Plat Baru ............................................................................... 48

Gambar 35. Pembentukan Plat ...................................................................................... 48

Gambar 36. Alat Perlengkapan Las .............................................................................. 49

Gambar 37. Transformator ............................................................................................ 50

Gambar 38. Elektroda ................................................................................................... 50

Gambar 39. Mesin Las SMAW ..................................................................................... 50

Gambar 40. Pengangkatan Plat dengan Mobile Crane ................................................. 51

Gambar 41. Pembuatan las titik .................................................................................... 52

Gambar 42. Tahapan Jalur Las...................................................................................... 53

Gambar 43. Pengelasan Lambung Kapal ...................................................................... 53

Gambar 44. Las Posisi 2G ............................................................................................. 53

Gambar 45. Las Posisi 3G ............................................................................................. 54

Gambar 46. Perataan Permukaan Plat dengan Dipaju .................................................. 54

Gambar 47. Pemasangan Plat dengan Dipaju ............................................................... 54

Gambar 48. Hasil Pengelasan ....................................................................................... 56

Gambar 49. Pemberian Solar dan Kapur....................................................................... 58

Gambar 50. Sambungan Las yang Diberi Kapur .......................................................... 58

Gambar 51. Sambungan Las yang Diberi Solar ............................................................ 58

ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Fasilitas-Fasilitas di JMI Unit I ....................................................................... 19

Tabel 2. Peralatan-Peralatan di JMI Unit I.................................................................... 19

Tabel 3. Fasilitas-Fasilitas di JMI Unit II ..................................................................... 21

Tabel 4. Peralatan-Peralatan di JMI Unit II .................................................................. 22

Tabel 5. Jenis Kerusakan pada Plat dan Cara Perbaikannya ......................................... 42

Tabel 6. Keausan Maksimum yang Diijinkan Terhadap Ketebalan Plat yang

Disetujui Klasifikasi pada Keadaan Baru ....................................................... 45

Tabel 7. Parameter Las .................................................................................................. 51

Tabel 8. Pengaruh Arus Las .......................................................................................... 59

Tabel 9. Pengaruh Panjang Busur ................................................................................. 60

Tabel 10. Pengaruh Kecepatan Las ............................................................................... 60

x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Piagam Lulus Pembekalan Praktik Industri ............................................. 70

Lampiran 2. Surat Ijin/Tugas dari Dekan ...................................................................... 71

Lampiran 3. Catatan Kegiatan Harian Praktik Industri ................................................. 72

Lampiran 4. Matriks Program Kegiatan Praktik Industri ............................................. 80

Lampiran 5. Kesan dan Rekomendasi Industri ............................................................. 84

Lampiran 6. Kartu Bimbingan Praktik Industri ............................................................ 86

Lampiran 7. Layout PT. Janata Marina Indah ............................................................... 87

Lampiran 8. Ucapan Terima Kasih dari Fakultas Kepada Industri ............................... 89