1st idr annual research seminar 2014: towards transforming...

1ST IDR ANNUAL RESEARCH SEMINAR 2014:

TOWARDS TRANSFORMING PERAK TO BEA DEVELOPED STATE

COPYRIGHT © INSTITUT DARUL RIDZUAN, 2014

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ACCEPTANCE OF FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION (E-JARI) AMONG SUPPORTING STAFF IN UITM SRI ISKANDAR, PERAKRozita Mengen, Teh Zahariah Nasaruddin, Mohammad Norqamar Nazar, Muhamad Syamill Mokhtar, Ahmad Kidri Razali

ACHIEVING DEVELOPED STATUS BY 2020 : THE PERAK STATE Prof. Dr Rajah Rasiah

ACTION PLAN OF ZERO UNEMPLOYMENT DESTINATION Asst. Prof. Dr Mariana Bt Osman

ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT: A CASE STUDY OF PERAK Asst. Prof. Dr Mariana Bt Osman

APLIKASI GIS DALAM KAJIAN TABURAN AKTIVITI KEGUNAAN TANAH DI KAWASAN BUKIT BATU KAPUR DI IPOHKamrul’ain Kamal dan Nor a’ Aini Othman

ARKEOLOGI HULU PERAK Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

ARKEOLOGI LENGGONG Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL MELAYU DI PERAK DAN KEDAHZulkifli Bin Hanafi

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1FOREWORD BY CEO

BENTUK KESENIAN DI MASJID KAPITAN KELING DAN MASJID YAHYA UBUDIYAH: SATU KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN Sakinah Abu Bakar, Melissa Edward dan Nazirah Md Yusof

BIOECODS AT FORENSIC WAD AT BAHAGIA HOSPITAL, ULU KINTA, IPOH, PERAK Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

BIOECODS AT KLINIK KESIHATAN TAIPING (JENIS KK2), TAIPING, PERAK Nor Azizi Et Al

BIOECODS AT RESORT TASIK RABAN, PERAK Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

BARRIERS TO INTERNET ADOPTION AND USAGE AMONG ENTREPRENEURS IN SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK DARUL RIDZUANNorafiza Mohd Hardi, Rozita Mengen dan Dayang Yuslina Yusoff

THE CHANGING TREND OF INVESTMENT IN THE ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES : IMPLICATION FOR HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT IN PENANG, KEDAH AND PERAK Hassan Naziri Bin Khalid

CITY MARKETING THROUGH ADAPTIVE RE-USE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS AND INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF IPOH, PERAK Mohd Jaki Bin Mamat

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CURRENT STATUS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG PANGKOR ISLAND COMMUNITY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA FROM UNIVERSITI MALAYAArine Fadzlun Ahmad, Romano Ngui, Muhammad Aidil Roslan, Yvonne Lim Ai Lian dan Rohela Mahmud

DAYA SAING LENGGONG DAN PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI TEMPATAN Mastura Jaafar dan Fatimah Hassan

DEVELOPMENT OF HEC-SERIES PROGRAM TO PREDICT SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FOR RIVERS IN MALAYSIA Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

DOES MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION VARY WITH HANDEDNESS?NEED OF DISCRETE EVALUATION! Dr Padmavathy, Dr RK Marya, Dr Inbam Indrasingh dan Dr Rukhsana Hussain Malik et al

THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SECRETARIAL JOB FUNCTIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN IPOH, PERAK Nordayana Zulkifli dan Rohana Ehsan

DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN FOR TANJUNG MALIM, PERAKNor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS OF ‘ORANG ASLI’ STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICTS OF SUNGAI SIPUT, PERAK AND ROMPIN-ENDAU, PAHANG AND JOHOR, MALAYSIAShahrier Pawanchik, Fatan Hamamah Yahaya dan Anton Abdulbasah Kamil

ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: A STUDY OF IMPACTS, BENEFITS AND INVOLVEMENT OF ORANG ASLI COMMUNITIES ALONG THE PERAK - PAHANG - KELANTAN BORDERS Chan Ngai Weng

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

EXPERIMENTAL WORK FOR ECOLOGICAL DRAINAGE COMPONENTNor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

EXPLORING KINTA VALLEY’S POTENTIAL: A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN HYDRAULIC TESTING Ismail Abustan, Mobarak Hussain, Ismail Ahmad dan Nabsiah Abdul Wahid

EKSPLORASI FIBER BULUH DALAM TARIAN MELAYU PERAKRozimah Bidin

FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN SERI ISKANDAR Thuraiya Mohd dan Nadia Idros

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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING OF RATING OBJECTIONS IN PERAK TENGAH DISTRISCT AREA Thuraiya Mohd

FELDA PLANTATION TOURISM: THE UNEXPLORED LOCAL TOURISM PRODUCT Nurwati Badarulzaman

FLOOD RISK MAPPING FOR RIVERS IN MALAYSIA INCORPORATING SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER CHANNEL: CASE STUDY OF PARI RIVER, IPOH Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

FINANCIAL PROTECTION PLAN IN MALAYSIA Noor Ashikin Mohd Rom

GOVERNMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM: EFFECTIVENESS OF PBTS Assistant Prof Dr Mariana Bt Mohamed Osman

GUA SEBAGAI ASET PELANCONGAN SEMULA JADI DI LENGGONG, PERAK.Prof Madya Dr Main Rindam

HOMESTAY KAMPUNG BENG: PELANCONGAN BERASASKAN KOMUNITI Mastura Jaafar, Fatimah Hasan dan Noor Khairiah

HUMAN CAPITAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN PERAK Dr Rohani Salleh, Hairulzila Idris, Khalidah Khalid Ali, Azelin Mohd Nor, Haryanni Harun dan Md Anwar Yusuff

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IKON SEJARAH, WARISAN DAN PELANCONGAN DAERAH HILIR PERAK Dr Baharuddin Jabar, Dr Khairi Ariffin, Mohd Hairy Ibrahim, Azmi Mohd Baharom, Mohamad Kamal Kamaruddin dan Zahrullail Ahmad

IMPAK FAKTOR HUJAN DAN PERUBAHAN GUNA TANAH TERHADAP CIRI LUAHAN DAN LUAHAN ENDAPAN DI LEMBANGAN SUNGAI KINTA Mohmadisa Hashim dan Wan Ruslan Ismail

INNOVATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERED EMERGENCY BEACON Dr Chong Wen Tong

INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT: APPLICATION OF GIS-ASSISTED MODELLING FOR BUKIT MERAH DAM OPERATIONNor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

INVESTIGATION OF PAST CLIMATE, HYDROLOGICAL REGIME AND CHANGING WATER POLLUTION HISTORY USING THE DEPOSITED SEDIMENT RECORD IN RESERVOIR: A CASE OF TASIK MERAH AND ITS CATCHMENT AREA, PERAK Wan Ruslan Bin Ismail

INVOLVEMENT OF THE LANOH TRIBE IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN LENGGONG, PERAK Fatan Hamamah Yahaya dan Liyana Syafiqah Yahaya

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AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PERAK Shahrina Md Nordin dan Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad

AN INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER PLAN FOR DEVELOPING PULAU PANGKOR AS A NEW ECO-TOURIST DESTINATIONAssistant Prof Dr Mariana Bt Mohamed Osman

JENAYAH DAN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN-KAWASAN LUAR BANDAR NEGERI-NEGERI KEDAH, PERAK & SELANGOR Cheah Boon Kheng

KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN BANDAR-BANDAR KOLONIAL DI KAWASAN KINTA BARAT Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Bin Aliasak, Mohd Farid bin Sa’ad, Siti Rahayu Bt Zakaria, Nur Lesya Firsya Bt Johaimi dan Mhd Nor Bin Osman

KESAN PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBANTUKAN KOMPUTER (PPBK) TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN MATEMATIK PELAJAR BERMASALAH PENDENGARAN Low Gaik See, Chew Leong Woon dan Abdul Rahim Razalli

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS GREEN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT Norafiza Mohd Hardi, Nor Faizah Abdullah, Nawwar Sakeenah Insyirah Isyar dan Nor Asmaa Arina Zakaria

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON DENGUE FEVER PREVENTION IN PERAK Mohammad Nasir Bin Abdullah, Wan Nor Hazimah Bt Wan Azib, Mohd Addin Bin Burhanuddin dan Almarhum Prof Madya Dr Mohd Fauzi Bin Mohd Harun

KAJIAN AWALAN CIRI-CIRI SALURAN ULU SUNGAI PERAK Wan Ruslan Bin Ismail

KAJIAN ASPEK LIMNOLOGI DAN DAYA PENGELUARAN TASIK TEMENGGOR DAN TASIK BERSIA, SUNGAI PERAK Ahyaudin Bin Ali

KAJIAN EKOLOGI DAN BIOLOGI POPULASI IKAN DAN PERIKANAN DI TASIK CENDEROH DAN TASIK KENERING, SUNGAI PERAK Ahyaudin Bin Ali

KAJIAN EKOLOGI TUNTUNG SUNGAI BATAGUR BASKA DI SUNGAI PERAK, MALAYSIA Mohamed Hifni Bin Baharuddin

KAJIAN KUARTENARI HULU PERAK DAN SABAH TIMUR Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

KAJIAN KEATAS KETIDAKSAMAAN PEMUKAAN JALAN DI PROJEK JALAN SUNGAI DULANG/BEREMBANG PANJANG DI DAERAH HILIR PERAKRosli B. Hamir

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KAJIAN TABURAN LOGAM-LOGAM BERAT DI BEBERAPA KAWASAN PERLOMBONGAN DI SERATA NEGERI PERAK DAN KEDAHTuan Besar Bin Tuan Sarif

KAJIAN TAHAP KEDUA KUALITI DAN HIDUPAN AIR DI SUNGAI PERAKMohamed Hifni Bin Baharuddin

KE ARAH MENCARI SATU KERANGKA TEORETIS PERPADUAN ETNIK MENGIKUT ACUAN MALAYSIA: KAJIAN KES NEGERI PERAK DAN KELANTAN Salfarina Bt Abdul Gapor

KEBUDAYAAN PALEOLITIK DI TAPAK BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

KESEDARAN DAN PENYERTAAN KOMUNITI REMAJA: SATU ANALISISMastura Jaafar dan Shuhaida Md Nor

KOMUNITI LENGGONG DAN KEUSAHAWANAN Norziani Dahalan, Mastura Jaafar dan Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi

MASAKAN TRADISIONAL BERASASKAN IKAN AIR TAWAR: UNTUK KELESTARIAN PELANCONGAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG, PERAK Norsuhana Abdul Hamid dan Farhana Che Dah

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KRAF ANYAMAN MENGKUANG; ANTARA TRADISI YANG DITINGGALKAN DAN POTENSI KELESTARIAN Sakinah Abu Bakar, Nazirah Md Yusof dan Melissa Edward

MECHANICAL MOULDING PROPERTIES OF TAILING SAND-CLAY MIXTURE FROM BATU GAJAH, PERAK, MALAYSIA FOR MAKING GREENSAND CASTING MOULD A.Abdullah, S. Sulaiman, Baharuddin Ariffin , T.R. Vijayaram dan N.H.A. Hamid

MINING ACTIVITIES IN SUNGAI TERAP, BATU GAJAH A HISTORICAL APPROACH (1876 – 1990)Mohd Sabriza Abd Rashid, Zarlina Mohd Zamari, Johana Yusof dan Airil Haimi Adnan

MODUL PENGUKUHAN BAHASA ARAB UNTUK IMAMAhmad Sa’aduddin Bin Haji Wahab, Ahmad Fauzee Bin Abdullah dan Burhanuddin Bin Haji Wahab

MEMBINA IDENTITI JENAMA TAPAK WARISAN DUNIA LEMBAH LENGGONG: MENILAI NILAI TERAS MASYARAKAT SETEMPAT Shuhaida Md Noor

MEMODELKAN SEMULA PALEO ALAM TAPAK ARKEOLOGI LENGGONG, PERAK Tarmiji Bin Masron

MELESTARIKAN MASYARAKAT ORANG ASAL DI KOMPLEKS HUTAN HUJAN TROPIKA BELUM-TEMENGOR MELALUI KONSEP ECO–ILLAGE Zalina Ismail

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MICRO-CREDIT AND GENDER RELATIONS IN SAUK, PERAK Zainab Bt Wahidin

MITOS-LEGENDA: TARIKAN NILAI TAMBAH UNTUK LEMBAH LENGGONG Fatimah Hassan

NATURE TOURISM PLANNING USING RIVER-BASED RESOURCES AND RECREATIONAL ASSESSMENT Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin dan Ali Muhammad Ali

A NEW SPECIES OF FISSIDENS (BRYOPSIDA, FISSIDENTACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Iwatsuki, K-T. Yong dan T. Suzuki

OECOPHYLLA SMARAGDINA (FORMICIDAE: FORMICINAE) FORAGING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS FOR PREDATION AND PROTECTION: IMPROVING PEST MANAGEMENT IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA Pierre Moise Exelis, Azarae, Hj Idris, Azidah Abdul Aziz, Norman Kamarudin, Tsuji Kazuki dan Yamane Seiki

PERAK AS AN ATTRACTIVE TOURIST DESTINATION: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Nabsiah Abdul Wahid, Siti Nabiha Abdul Khalid, Anees Janee Ali dan Aizzat Mohd. Nasurdin

PERAK BRANCH CAMPUS PEAK FLOW ATTENUATION USING INFILTRATION ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND STORAGE TANK AT USMNor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

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PEMBANGUNAN METRIKS EKUITI JENAMA TAPAK WARISAN DUNIA Shuhaida Md Noor dan Haja Mydin Abdul Kuthoos

PEMBANGUNAN PELANCONGAN LESTARI DI FELDA GUGUSAN TROLAK: SATU ANALISIS Fatimah Hassan dan Fauziah Che Leh

PEMBANGUNAN TANAH BUKIT DAN KESAN-KESAN KE ATAS ALAM SEKITAR: SATU KAJIAN KES DI BUKIT BENDERA (PULAU PINANG), BUKIT LARUT (PERAK) DAN TANAH TINGGI CAMERON (PAHANG) Chan Ngai Weng

PEMBENTUKAN BANDAR BERDAYA SAING: KAJIAN KES BANDAR WARISAN TAIPING, PERAK Fatimah Hassan dan Nurwati Badarulzaman

PEMBINAAN SEMULA KEJADIAN BANJIR LAMPAU DARI LAPISAN ENDAPAN DALAM SALURAN LAMA DATARAN BANJIR SUNGAI PERAK Wan Ruslan Bin Ismail

PENGESANAN PERUBAHAN LITUPAN BUMI DAN GUNA TANAH PESISIRAN PANTAI DAERAH MANJUNG Rusamah Abdul Jalil dan Kamarul’ ain Kamal

PENSABITAN NUSYUZ ISTERI DI MAHKAMAH RENDAH SYARIAH IPOH PERAK Amir Fariz bin Che Man , Prof Madya Dr Zaini bin Nasohah dan Fasahah bt Haji Abu Mansor

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PENGINAPAN GUA MASYARAKAT PRASEJARAH DAN PENGUPAYANNYA SEBAGAI PRODUK PELANCONGAN DI LENGGONG, PERAK Prof Madya Dr Main Rindam

PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING LEMBAH LENGGONG BERASASKAN PELANCONGAN SUMBER SETEMPATFatimah Hassan, Zuraini Zakaria, Norsuhana Abdul Hamid, Main Rindam dan Fatan Hamamah Yahya

PENGGUNAAN TUMBUHAN BERFAEDAH UNTUK MENGAWAL SECARA SEMULAJADI INFESTASI ULAT BUNGKUS (DALAM LADANG KELAPA SAWIT DI FELDA PLANTATION, BESOUT, TROLAK, PERAK) Che Salmah Bt Md Rawi

PENGURUSAN DESTINASI PELANCONGAN WARISAN DAN PERANAN PIHAK-PIHAK BERKEPENTINGANMastura Jaafar dan Fatimah Hassan

PENGETAHUAN KOMUNITI SETEMPAT TENTANG TARIKAN WARISAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG Fatimah Hassan dan Farhana Che Dah

PENYELIDIKAN SERAMIK BERASASKAN TANAH LIAT Radzali bin Othman

PERLOMBONGAN TIMAH DAN PERTANIAN SETINGGAN:EKONOMI POLITIK LEMBAH KINTA, PERAK 1880-1980 Loh Kok Wah@ Francis

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PERNIAGAAN BERSAIZ MIKRO, KECIL DAN SEDERHANA (PKS) DI LENGGONG Mastura Jaafar, Norziani Dahalan dan Munira Mhd Rashid

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEUPAYAAN PENGEMBANGAN DANA MASJID Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Fidlizan Muhammad, Nurul Fadly Habidin, Mohammaed Tasyreef Mohamd Tarmizi dan Fakharuddin Hatta Takaijudin

POTENSI DAN CABARAN MENJADIKAN MITOS DAN LEGENDA SEBAGAI TARIKAN PELANCONGAN: KAJIAN KES LEMBAH LENGGONG Fatimah Hassan

THE POTENTIAL OF LENGGONG VALLEY AS A NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCE IN A RURAL SETTING Main Rindam dan Fatimah Hassan

PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE REEF CHECK ON PULAU PANGKOR 17-18 DECEMBER 2002 Affendi Yang Amri

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ENTREPRENEURIAL AND MARKETING ORIENTATION OF BUDGET ACCOMODATION IN PANGKOR ISLAND, MALAYSIA Rosmanizah Bt Derahman

PROJEK KORIDOR EKOLOGI CENTRAL FOREST SPINE (CFS) DI GERIK (PL2:CFS1) HUTAN SIMPAN TEMENGGOR-TAMAN NEGERI ROYAL BELUM: PENGEMBANGAN SOSIOEKONOMI BERASASKAN PERKHIDMATAN HUTAN En. Mohd Afandi Bin Abu Bakar

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A PROTOTYPE OF EMPLOYABILITY TEST KIT FOR MALAYSIAN GRADUATES (ET-Kit) Shahrul Ridzuan Arshad dan Ima Shanaz Wahidin

PENGARUH PERSONALITI DESTINASI TERHADAP PENILAIAN IMEJ JENAMA DAN NIAT UNTUK BERTINDAK DI TAPAK PELANCONGAN ARKEOLOGI: SATU KAJIAN TERHADAP PELANCONG DI TAPAK WARISAN DUNIA LEMBAH LENGGONGShuhaida Md Noor dan Pong Kok Shiong

THE PROSPECTS OF TIN INDUSTRY IN PERAK: A SWOT ANALYSISSofri Yahya dan Muhammad Hasmi abu Hassan Asaari

R&D SAINS SOSIAL: KES BUANGAN SULTAN ABDULLAH (PERAK) KE PULAU SYCHELLES, 1877 Cheah Boon Kheng

RECREATIONAL FISHERY: FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT OF SUNGAI PERAK: INLAND AND RECREATIONAL FISHERY Ahyaudin Bin Ali

REHABILITATION OF EXISTING WETLANDS AND MINING PONDS AS AN ECOLOGICAL PARK AT DID’S MECHANICAL SECTION, IPOH Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

RIVER SEDIMENT DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

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RUSA (CERVUS TIMORENSIS) DAYA TARIKAN PELANCONGAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG, PERAK Norsuhana Abdul Hamid dan farhana Che Dah

SPATIAL FEATURE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN GREEN SPACE IN IPOH CITY Rabi’ah Bt Ahmad dan Assoc, Professor Dr. Mohd Sanusi S. Ahamad

SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RESIDENTS LIVING IN GATED AND GUARDED COMMUNITY Thuraiya Mohd dan Muhammad Irwan Shah Hamzan

STRATEGIES TO ATTRACT PROFESSIONAL WORKFORCE INTO PERAK DARUL RIDZUANIma Shanaz Wahidin, Nordayana Zulkifli, Raja Mayang Delima Mohd Beta, Rohana Ehsan dan Norlida Mohd Noor

SUITABILITY OF ”GATED AND GUARDED COMMUNITY” CONCEPT FOR HOUSING IN IPOH, PERAKThuraiya Mohd, Noraini Johari dan Rohaya Abdul Ghani

SCLERACTINIAN CORAL DIVERSITY OF KEPULAUAN SEMBILAN, PERAK, MALAYSIA Lau CM, Affendi Yai, Jillian Ols dan Yuen

STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS OF THE SEMBILAN ISLANDSRESULTS OF REEF CHECK SURVEYS AND RAPID BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2012 Affendi Yang Amri

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SURVEY ON AVAILABILITY OIL PALM FROND GENERATED FROM SADC OIL PALM ESTATE IN PERAK Norfaryanti Kamaruddin dan KamaAzira Md Basri

SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT BALANCE OF BUKIT MERAH RESERVOIR, PERAK Wan Ruslan Ismail dan SAM Najib

SEDIMENT IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF THE BUKIT MERAH RESERVOIR, PERAK, MALAYSIAWan Ruslan Ismail, Zullyadini A.Rahman, Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib dan Zainudin Othman

SISTEM PENGURUSAN SERTA PEMANTAUAN KUALITI AIR DAN KESIHATAN IKAN DI SANTUARI IKAN KELAH DI SG ENAM TASIK TEMENGGOR, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN Mashhor Bin Mansor

STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF THE PROPOSED E-BIOHERBAL PROGRAMME IN REALISING THE VISION OF A KNOWLEDGE STATE, KPERAK 2010: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Noornina Dahlan dan Noorliza Karia

STRENGTHS-WEAKNESSES-OPPORTUNITIES-THREATS ANALYSIS OF LENGGONG VALLEY FOR NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN RURAL SETTING Fatimah Hassan dan Main Rindam

SUMBER TUMBUHAN DAN MAKANAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT TEMPATAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG Zuraini Zakaria dan Siti Hajar Abd Aziz

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SURVIVAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITI HIDUP SOSIAL. KAJIAN KES DI KAWASAN GUGUSAN FELDA TROLAK, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN Fatimah Hassan et. al

TAPAK BUKIT BUNUH LENGGONG PERAK - SUMBANGANNYA KEPADA KEBUDAYAAN PALEOLITIK DUNIA Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

TINJAUAN PENDAHULUAN KUALITI DAN KEHIDUPAN AIR DI SUNGEI PERAK Mashhor Bin Mansor

TOURISM PRODUCT MARKETING STRATEGY : EXAMINING TOURIST SPENDING BEHAVIOUR OF PANGKOR ISLAND Rosmini Ismail, Dr Hartini Jaafar, Khalizul Khalid, Azita Yunos@Ahmad, Fairisa Othman, Dr Marinah Awang, Dr Norasibah Abdul Jalil dan Dr Suriani Abdul Hamid

THE USE OF MSMA FOR INTEGRATED URBAN DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN IPOH AND MELAKA Nor Azizi Zakaria Et Al

TUMBUHAN SEMULA JADI DAN KEGUNAANNYA DALAM KOMUNITI TEMPATAN LEMBAH LENGGONG from Universiti Sains MalaysiaZuraini Zakaria dan Siti Hajar

WARISAN ALAM DAN BUDAYA DENGAN MEMFOKUS KEPADA KAWASAN UTARA SEMENANJUNG (PULAU PINANG, PERLIS, KEDAH DAN UTARA PERAK) Abu Talib Bin Ahmad

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WARISAN LENGGONG: LAKARAN ARTISTIK DI GUA-GUA BATU KAPUR SEBAGAI DAYA TARIKAN PELANCONGAN Sakinah Abu Bakar, Nazirah Md Yusof, Norziani Dahalan dan Fatan Hamamah Yahaya

WEBQUEST: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LIFELONG LEARNINGIma Shanaz Wahidin dan Shahrul Ridzuan Arshad

WETLAND FOREST MAPPING FOR PERAK Dr Khali Aziz Hamzah

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FOREWORD BY THE CEO

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Institut Darul Ridzuan (IDR) is committed to realising the vision of Perak

Amanjaya Development Plan (Perak Amanjaya) where the State Government

determines to improve the socio-economic status of Perak, parallel to that

of the Federal Government’s development agenda. Accordingly, IDR works to

assist the State Government in formulating development policies and initiating

innovative strategies and programmes with the aim of achieving peace, stability

and progress by focusing on the delivery of “3Qs” – Quality Opportunity, Quality

Income and Quality Living.

The transformation agenda ensures that Perak achieves these

objectives: a dynamic and sustainable economy; a high and equitable

distribution of income; the creation of well-educated and highly skilled

human capital; and a vibrant private sector – while maintaining a high

quality of life for the people.

In line with Perak Amanjaya’s vision, IDR organised its 1st IDR Annual

Research Seminar 2014. It is an event where Perak’s government and

business leaders, and academics share and deliberate on the findings

of research conducted by various institutions in Malaysia related to the

state of Perak.

This publication compiles all the abstracts of the research and serves

as a tool for IDR to identify areas of improvement within the economic,

social and environment domains. It is also instrumental in discovering

new and relevant ideas to guide Perak in its transformation agenda.

IDR strongly believes that research is imperative in the development

of impactful policy and programme in driving and achieving Perak

Amanjaya.

In 2014, we will continue to focus on improving the State Government’s

policies through various programmes, much like the 1st IDR Annual

Research Seminar 2014, and through publications such as this

compilation of abstracts.

I trust that this publication will serve you beneficially as it will serve

us. Last but not least, I believe that the contents of this publication will

provide a glimpse of what’s to come in the future of Perak.

DR. MAZALAN KAMIS

Chief Executive Officer

Institut Darul Ridzuan

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JOINTLY ORGANISED BY IDR AND KPERAK



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ACCEPTANCE OF FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION

(E-JARI) AMONG SUPPORTING STAFF IN UITM SRI

ISKANDAR, PERAK

Rozita Mengen1, Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak), 36210 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Email:[email protected]

Teh Zahariah Nasaruddin2, Faculty of Architecutre, Planning & Surveying, UiTM (Perak), 36210 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Email: [email protected]

Mohammad Norqamar Nazar3, Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak), 36210 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Email:[email protected]

Muhamad Syamill Mokhtar4, Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak), 36210 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Email:[email protected]

Ahmad Kidri Razali5, Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak), 36210 Seri Iskandar, Perak,Email: [email protected]

Fingerprints are one of many biometric identification approaches being used to identify individual identity. This study was conducted to investigate the acceptance of fingerprint identification system usage called e-Jari, among supporting staff in Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Perak in recording their work attendance. The data collection methods used was through questionnaires distributed among the supporting staff. Fingerprint identification system was selected among other biometric system devices in UiTM Perak due to its affordability, in comparison to other biometric system devices. Reliability also contributes to the selection of the system. Other reason for its selection was it could provide higher security level, eliminate buddy clocking, increase productivity and simplify many aspects of work, improve punctuality, and eliminate physical punch cards thus there will be no recurrence cost. The fingerprint identification system provided benefits to the organization in order to achieve the organization goal.

Keywords: UTAUT, biometric, user acceptance, fingerprint identification system

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ACHIEVING DEVELOPED STATUS

BY 2020: THE PERAK STATE

Professor Rajah Rasiah

Khazanah Nasional Chair of Regulatory Studies and Professor of Technology and Innovation PolicyUniversity Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, [email protected]

Perak aspires to catch up and join the ranks of developed states. As such, the Institute of Darul Ridzuan (IDR) in collaboration with University Malaya Centre of Regulatory Studies (UMCoRS) undertakes a study to map the overall economic development of the Perak state. The objective of the study is to assess the development of Perak in terms of macroeconomic achievements, sectorial development and the enablers of growth using secondary data. The emphasis is on industrial development due to the fact that evidence has suggested the importance of the manufacturing sectors as a catalyst that has a larger impact in moving the economy at a greater pace. In doing so, the study identifies the sources of growth as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the Perak economy at large. Based on this analysis, broad recommendations are made to the IDR for further deliberations at agency.

ACTION PLAN OF ZERO UNEMPLOYMENT

DESTINATION

Assistant Prof Dr Mariana Bt Mohamed Osman

Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design(KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia,Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, [email protected]

One of the main socio-economic problems facing the nation at present is unemployment. Unemployment in Malaysia is becoming increasingly serious. The unemployment rate can be defined as the percentage of the labor force unemployed (McConnell & Brue, 2008). From the unemployment rate, it reflects how businesses aresustaining growth and creating jobs for people and pictured the consumers spending rate on goods and services. Snowdon and Vane (2005,p.1) expressed‘an economy that has successful macroeconomic management should

7

experience low unemployment and inflation, and steady and sustained economic growth’s one of the macroeconomic variables,unemployment issues reflect how well an economy is using its resources (Andrei, Vasile and Adrian, 2009). Meanwhile, others see unemployment as one of the developmental problems (Akintoye, 2008) that measure the health of economy (Griffiths, 2007). Changes in unemployment depend mostly on inflows made up of non-employed people starting to look for jobs, of employed people who lose their jobs and look for new ones and of people who stop looking for employment. Overall, unemployment appears as a waste of scare resources. Thus, as one of key determinant in economy development, the study of unemployment is important. Through that, an active and positive result can be inserted into the governmental policy and direction to bring prosperous changes in economy development. A country’s unemployment rate tells more than just the percentage of the population that is without work. From the unemployment rate, it reflects how businesses are sustaining growth and creating jobs for people and pictured consumers are spending rate on goods and services. As increase in unemployment rate, people are inclined towards social-economic problems and life of crime. Subsequently, these phenomena will affect the economic growth.

ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT:

A CASE STUDY OF KERIAN



Good cities need effective public transport. It plays a vital role in creating competitive economies, and liveable, inclusive communities. Public transport enables people to access families and friends, jobs, recreation, education, health care and the many activities that contribute to individual and community wellbeing. It provides independence for people whocannot or do not drive.

This report compiled the data and findings of public transport study at Kerian District Perak. The report was compiled in 2012 and presents a summary of key policy, planning, and operational data and issues relevant to understanding the current status, potential issues, and future directions public transport in Kerian District.The chapters information contained in the body of this report contributes to a cohesive vision for a future transportation system.

The generalisation findings from this study is subjected to the data collected according to thespecific time. Survey was conducted during the offpeak of public transport services. Findings

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can be different if longer survey period is conducted, survey is conducted during peak hours, more allocation on funding to do on-board survey in multiple times and equip with more numbers of enumerators.

APLIKASI GIS DALAM KAJIAN TABURAN AKTIVITI

KEGUNAAN TANAH DI KAWASAN BUKIT BATU

KAPUR DI IPOH, PERAK

Kamarul’ain Kamal dan Nor a’Aini Othman

Fakulti Senibina, Perancangan dan Ukur, UiTM PerakKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Batu kapur adalah merupakan salah satu material penting dalam proses pembinaan. Aktiviti pembangunan yang pesat telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan permintaan terhadap batu kapur terutama sekali dalam bentuk simen dan marmar. Ini mengakibatkan banyak kawasan bukit batu kapur terutamanya yang berhampiran dengan kawasan bandar dieksploitasi. Aktiviti kuari yang dijalankan mengakibatkan cerun dan tebing di kawasan bukit batu kapur berisiko tinggi mengalami proses tanah runtuh terutama ketika hujan lebat. Kajian ini tertumpu kepada taburan aktiviti kegunaan tanah yang berada di persekitaran kawasan bukit batu kapur dengan tujuan mengenalpasti aktiviti kegunaan tanah yang berada dalam lingkungan zon sangat bahaya dan zon bahaya sekiranya berlaku kejadian tanah runtuh. Kajian ini menggunakan aplikasi GIS menerusi operasi pengukuran jarak dan analisis kedekatan yang mana telah dapat menentukan sempadan jarak zon keselamatan dengan tepat dan efektif. Maklumat kegunaan tanah diperolehi melalui kajian inventori di tapak dan seterusnya semakan terhadap data reruang sekunder dari Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh. Kajian yang dijalankan di persekitaran Gunung Lengkun (dalam kawasan MBI) mendapati bahawa tidak terdapat sempadan zon penampan yang jelas diantara kaki bukit batu kapur dan aktiviti kegunaan tanah di persekitarannya. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan aktiviti kegunaan tanah tersebut berisiko tinggi menghadapi bahaya sekiranya berlaku kejadian tanah runtuh. Sehubungan itu, penyediaan dan penguatkuasaan peraturan dan garis panduan yang berkesan oleh pihak berkuasa adalah sangat penting dalam usaha untuk mengelakkan daripada berlakunya kesan negatif kepada manusia dan alam persekitaran.

Kata kunci: Bukit batu kapur, aktiviti kuari, aktiviti kegunaan tanah, zon keselamatan, zon Penampan

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ARKEOLOGI HULU PERAK

Mohd Mokhtar Bin Saidin

Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi GlobalUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Hulu Perak adalah sebuah daerah yang telah banyak menyumbang data kepada pengetahuan sejarah negara. Contohnya, di Lembah Lenggong, Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Malaysia (PPAM), Universiti Sains Malaysia telah memanjangkan pengetahuan prasejarah negara sehingga lebih kurang 100,000 tahun dahulu melalui tapak Bukit Jawa. Di Lembah Lenggong juga, PPAM telah mendedahkan adalah keterusan budaya dari Paleolitik, Neolitik dan Logam. TujuanKajian arkeologi di Hulu Perak perlu diperluaskan lagi secara mendalam bukan sahaja di Lembah Lenggong, malah memasuki kawasan lain iaitu di Lawin, Gerik dan Kroh. Untuk itu, diperlukan, (1) mengenalpasti tapak baru yang in situ, (2) memetakan tapak yang berpotensi dan hubungkaitnya dengan paleoalam kawasan, dan (3) membuat ekskavasi, menganalisa artifak dan interpretasi tapak-tapak berkenaan. Projek penyelidikn arkeologi di Hulu Perak ini akan menggunakan metodologi yang telah dibangun dan digunakan di Lenggong di dalam proses mendapatkan data dan penganalisaan. Survei lapangan dan pemetaan untuk mencari tapak, menentukan kedudukan tapak dijalankan. Strategi dan teknik ekskavasi yang detail digunakan di kesemua peringkat kerja melalui cara pengrekodan dan pendaftaran artifak dan analisis awalan dilakukan untuk membenarkan analisis artifak yang terperinci. Hasil dijangka akan diperolehi, (1) menambahkan data baru tentang zaman prasejarah negara yang signifikan, (2) memantapkan lagi kursus Pakej Minor Arkeologi USM melalui data baru, dan (3) memantapkan lagi Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Malaysia dalam membangunkan kemudahan dan kakitangan.

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ARKEOLOGI LENGGONG

Mokhtar Saidin


USM telah memulakan kajian arkeologi di Lenggong pada tahun 1987 oleh Zuraina Majid. Sehingga kini Lenggong telah mendedahkan bukti sejak lebih 1.83 juta tahun dahulu, di huni berterusan daripada semasa ke semasa sehingga kini. Bukti prasejarah Lenggong adalah lengkap dengan bukti Paleolitik, Neolitik dan Zaman Logam yang ditemui di tapak terbuka dan juga gua. Zaman Neolitiknya bermula sekitar 7,000 tahun dahulu dan zaman logam gangsa ditemui sekitar 4,000 tahun dahulu. Antara temuan terpenting ialah alat batu kapak genggam berusia lebih 1.83 juta tahun dahulu yang ditemui tertanam di dalam batuan suevit, rangka manusia Perak Man yang berusia sekitar 10,000 tahun dahulu dan juga kapak gangsa 4,000 tahun dahulu. Atas sumbangan penting Lenggong kepada prasejarah dunia, ianya telah diiktiraf sebagai tapak warisan dunia pada Jun 2012. Kajian arkeologi Lenggong dan Hulu Perak masih diteruskan lagi bagi melengkapkan data sedia ada. Lenggong sangat unik dan tiada ditempat lain untuk dibangunkan sebagai satu produk terlengkap dunia dalam akeo pelancongan.

BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL MELAYU DI PERAK DAN

KEDAH

Zulkifli Bin Hanafi

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan Dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Seni Bina Melayu merupakan legasi bangsa Melayu yang unik dan mengkagumkan. Tetapi kini menghadapi masalah kepupusan. Sekiranya tiada sebarang initiatif yang diambil untuk merekod dan mendokumentasikan bangunan tersebut suatu masa nanti warisan Melayu akan hilang untuk selama-lamanya. Kajian yang dicadangkan bertujuan merekod dan mendokumentasikan warisan Melayu dalam bentuk lukisan terukur kerana kaedah inilah paling berkesan dan tepat. Untuk

11

menjalankan Lukisan Terukur ke atas semua bangunan di seluruh Malaysia mengambil masa yang lama. Siri pertama hanya akan menumpukan kepada bangunan di negeri Perak, kemudian diikuti dengan negeri-negeri lain. Kajian ini merangkumi dua fokus utama iaitu menjalankan lukisan terukur pada bangunan dan pengumpulan maklumat secara teks. Hasil yang diperolehi ialah satu set lukisan terukur yang lengkap dan satu set berbentuk laporan.

BENTUK KESENIAN DI MASJID KAPITAN KELING

DAN MASJID YAHYA UBUDIYAH: SATU KAJIAN

PERBANDINGAN

Sakinah Abu Bakar, Melissa Edward & Nazirah Md Yusof

Pusat Pengajian Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Kepelbagaian dan keunikan warisan kebudayaan Malaysia terhasil daripada pertembungan pelbagai budaya. Pertembungan budaya ini berlaku kerana wujudnya pengaruh kebudayaan dan kesenian dari negara-negara lain terhadap bentuk- bentuk seni di Malaysia. Justeru, fenomena transformasi dan pengaruh menjadikan seluruh artifak, monumen, cara hidup dan pelbagai aspek kehidupan mengalami perubahan. Semua perubahan itu terakam dalam bentuk-bentuk seni yang kini menjadi warisan yang sangat bernilai. Masjid Kapitan Keling merupakan monumen sejarah yang terletak di Pulau Pinang yang kini menjadi tapak warisan UNESCO yang mempamerkan pelbagai bentuk seni yang sangat tinggi nilai estetika nya. Manakala, Lenggong, Perak juga merupakan tapak warisan UNESCO dan mempunyai beberapa buah tapak arkeologi. Justeru perbandingan antara Masjid Kapitan Keling dan Masjid Yahya Ubudiyah Yahya adalah wajar kerana keduanya terletak dalam tapak warisan UNESCO dan mempunyai keunikan dan keistimewaan masing-masing.

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BIOECODS AT FORENSIC WAD AT BAHAGIA

HOSPITAL, ULU KINTA, IPOH, PERAK

Nor Azazi Zakaria Et Al.

RedacUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

The Public Works Department (JKR) has constructed a new building for the forensic wad at Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Tanjung Rambutan, Ipoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan. In this project, the drainage system has been designed to comply with the new guideline which is published by Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) in the year 2000 and gazetted by the government in the following year, namely Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia or MSMA. River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia has assisted JKR in-house design team extensively during design stage. Alira Sepakat Sdn. Bhd. was appointed by the main contractor as the nominated specialist sub-contractor in realizing this project. This project consists of the construction of a single building, which includes administration unit, clinical unit, forensic block and wad. The project covers a catchment area of 1.51 hectares. More than 60 % of the total area has been developed into impervious area such as paved road and car park, sheltered walkway, and utilities other than the building. The design criteria for this project were based on MSMA. The manual recommends “control-at-source” concept in order to manage this valuable water resources as an asset towards creating a sustainable environment. The objectives of new stormwater management approach emphasize the control of both the quantity and quality of urban runoff. The proposed drainage system is known as Bio-Ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS). This has been embodied in the concept of ecologically sustainable development which is aimed at ensuring that development can occur without long-term degradation of natural resources and the environment. This project has applied new storm water management approach to minimize the impact of urbanization on the environment. It adopts an integrated approach to obtain both practical and cost effective solutions for drainage system. With this drainage system, the quantity and quality of the runoff from new developed areas at Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta can be maintained to be the same as pre-development condition.

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BIOECODS AT KLINIK KESIHATAN TAIPING (JENIS

KK2), TAIPING, PERAK



River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia has been appointed to provide consultancy services for the drainage works as part of Civil and Structure components for the proposed “Cadangan Mendirikan Sebuah Klinik Kesihatan Taiping – 2 Tingkat (Jenis KK2) Di Atas Lot 2089, Jalan Tupai, Mukim Tupai, Daerah Larut & Matang, Perak Darul Ridzuan”. In this project the Government is planning to construct a drainage system to comply with the new guidelines of Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA). The Government of Malaysia via Public Works Department (JKR) Malaysia has planned to construct a new building for the Taiping Town Clinic and its infrastructure on the area approximately 7 acres in Larut & Matang District in Perak. This project consists of the construction of a double storey building block, chemical store, condenser block, TNB block, store and garage, security guard house, sewerage treatment plant, pavilion and car park. The soil profile for overall project area is consistent from silty sand at the first 10m depth to hard layer of silty clay. Ground water level is observed at 0.95m to 1.35m depth from original ground surface. The proposed drainage system which is known as Bio-Ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) is consistent with objectives of new stormwater management approach which focus on the control of both the quantity and quality of urban runoff. This has been embodied in the concept of ecologically sustainable development which is aimed at ensuring that development can occur without long-term degradation of natural resources and the environment. The new stormwater management approach, BIOECODS, based on set of broad and holistic principles for effective stormwater environment management: The new environmental-friendly drainage system, uses “control at source” principle simulating the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas by combining infiltration, detention storage, retarded flow as well as runoff treatment techniques. Among the stormwater facilities provided are grassed swale, underground detention storages and dry ponds. The proposed BIOECODS is an applicable concept that will fulfill new urban stormwater management objectives to restore each component of the hydrological cycle to its natural level. This new stormwater management approach has taken into broad consideration with the purposes (a) to provide safety for the public, (b) to minimize and control nuisance flooding, (c) to stabilize the landform and erosion control, (e) to enhance the urban landscape, and (f) to minimize the environmental impact of urban runoff on water quality.

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BIOECODS AT RESORT TASIK RABAN, PERAK



River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia has been appointed to provide consultancy services by Majlis Daerah Lenggong for the drainage improvement works at Resort Tasik Raban, Perak. The project covers a catchment area of 0.60 hectares. The proposed drainage system which is known as Bio-Ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) is consistent with objectives of new stormwater management approach which focus on the control of both the quantity and quality of urban runoff. This has been embodied in the concept of ecologically sustainable development which is aimed at ensuring that development can occur without long-term degradation of natural resources and the environment. The proposed drainage system has several runoff control facilities to regulate the runoff from the site as follow:

a) Grassed Swale: Grassed swale is designed to cater any excess water from perimeter drain (for individual building) whilst the flow from pervious and impermeable surface will be directed to the grassed swale. The grassed swale is defined as grass earth channel combined with subsurface module which enclosed within a permeable geotextile. Grassed swale has the ability to reduce on-site peak flow rates by increasing the roughness of the channel and infiltration rates. These vegetated systems also provide runoff quality treatment by removing low concentrations and quantities of TSS, heavy metals, hydrocarbons and nutrients from stormwater. The vegetated systems remove pollutants by means of sedimentation, filtration, soil absorption and plant uptake.

b) Dry Type On-Site Detention: The excess stormwater shall be stored in the dry pond constructed with a storage function. The proposed landscape pond is a dry type detention basin with the purpose to temporary store the stormwater runoff. This detention basin is designed to store the surface excess rainfall under design average recurrent interval and shall blend with the surrounding landscape. Therefore, the quantity and quality of the runoff from developed areas can be maintained to be the same or less than the pre-development condition. Dry type onsite detention pond is normally dry or empty when not in operation. It can be utilised for multi-purpose use to incorporate passive and active recreational areas such as public parks and open space or sporting facilities.

15

BARRIERS TO INTERNET ADOPTION AND USAGE

AMONG ENTREPRENEURS IN SERI ISKANDAR,

PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

Norafiza Mohd Hardi*, Rozita Mengen, Dayang Yuslina Yusoff

* Corresponding author, Address: Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak) 32610, Sri Iskandar, Perak, [email protected]

This study was conducted to identify the barriers to Internet adoption and usage among entrepreneurs in Seri Iskandar, Perak. Though the usage of Internet has been spreading quickly all over the world, the level of entrepreneurs’ knowledge need to be examined and identified as it can show their level of awareness to the Internet technology especially for those at the rural area. This study also investigates whether age and knowledge have affected the technology towards the Internet adoption and usage. With the increasing of the Internet technology in improving the business performance, there will be possibility that those who are at rural areas will be left out in the activities due to the limited skills and facilities limitations. The research has been done descriptively and was conducted through a set of questionnaire as its instrument. The findings showed that age, knowledge and facilities do affect the Internet adoption and usage among entrepreneurs in Seri Iskandar. The Internet knowledge is a barrier for age range 4. Age range 3 showed only training was discovered as a barrier to the Internet adoption and usage but the rest was not an issue. The study found that Internet facilities that consisted of Internet fee, Internet coverage and hardware cost influenced the adoption and usage of Internet among entrepreneurs in Seri Iskandar. Internet facilities were the barriers towards the Internet adoption and usage in the sample taken from all age range. The State Government of Perak should organize the training programme on the Internet technology and application to the entrepreneurs to improve their Internet knowledge and skills. The training agencies are responsible to provide the ICT training to entrepreneurs not only focus the benefits and advantage of the ICT application but also the obstacles that they will face through the Internet technology.

Keywords: ICT, Internet facility, Internet usage, Entrepreneur, Internet technology, Rural area

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THE CHANGING TREND OF INVESTMENT IN THE

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES : IMPLICATION FOR

HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT IN PENANG,

KEDAH AND PERAK

Hassan Naziri Bin Khalid

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemanusiaanUniversiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Global pattern of industrial production shifts and changes as a result of the evolving corporate strategies of major firms. In this sense there has been a considerable geographical shift in many countries including in the East and South East Asian region. Fierce competition forces firms to increase their degree of functional integration, to diversify into new product lines, to relocate production in more favorable locations in terms of market or costs, and generally to rationalize their operations on global basis. Technological change has been extremely rapid particularly in the manufacturing industry and the result has been increasing labour productivity. Some of the major TNCs greatly reducing the number of workers required for a given level of production (Hobday 1995). In virtually all the major electronics companies for a given level of productivity has soared whilst employment has either not kept pace or has actually fallen (Dicken 1998). These strategies to rationalize and reorganize on a global scale have adversely affected employment in many industrial regions where the geographical shifts in employment do not necessarily follow a simple path in countries where labour costs are high and through this transition the phenomena is not as simple as it is when it comes to restructuring of the production system and the effects it has upon the requirement and local demand of skilled and unskilled workers. The research focuses on the changing patterns of industrial investment especially in the manufacturing sector and how these have implication on the nature of human resource requirement. Recent studies hypothesise that the adoption of advanced manufacturing technology leads to changes in the composition of the labour force in favour of workers with higher skill levels.

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CITY MARKETING THROUGH ADAPTIVE RE-USE

OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS AND INVOLVEMENT OF

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE

CITY OF IPOH, PERAK

Mohd Jaki Bin Mamat

Department of CommercePoliteknik Ungku OmarJalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, [email protected]

Ipoh city was known by the most number of historical monuments in the state of Perak, if developed systematically, the city has the potential to support the development of various economic sectors such as tourism, business, service and recreation. This study exposes three main problems that must be addressed prior to marketing the City of Ipoh, namely; addressing the issue of a decline in adaptive reuse activities for heritage buildings owned by individuals, embarking on a government policy of conservation of heritage buildings which has never existed before, and overcoming the weaknesses of the existing urban marketing agenda. This research uses the case study to find answers of synergizing the usage of heritage buildings in Ipoh; identifying adaptive reuse of such heritage buildings and the involvement of various organizations to contribute towards the marketing of the city.

Keywords: city marketing, heritage buildings, adaptive reuse, involvement of organizations

18

CURRENT STATUS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS

AMONG PANGKOR ISLAND COMMUNITY IN

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Arine Fadzlun Ahmad*, Romano Ngui, Muhammad Aidil Roslan, Yvonne Lim Ai Lian,Rohela Mahmud

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, [email protected]

Limited data is available on the prevalence of parasitic infections among the island communities in Malaysia with most studies performed between 1960s-1970s. Since then, no subsequent studies were undertaken to determine the recent prevalence of parasitic infections in these communities. This study was conducted to determine the current prevalence of parasitic infections among Pangkor Island community in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 131 stool and 298 serum samples were collected and subjected to microscopic examination for intestinal protozoa and helminths and detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using commercial ELISA kits respectively. In addition, thin and thick peripheral blood films were prepared and microscopically screened for the presence of Plasmodium sp. and filarial nematodes respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the Pangkor community was 9.9 % (13/131) with Trichuris trichiura (5.3 %) being the most common intestinal parasite detected. For the first time, toxoplasmosis was reported in almost 60% of the community with significantly (p=0.038) higher prevalence rate among females (112/173; 64.7 %) compared to males (66/125; 52.8 %). None of the island community was infected with intestinal sarcocystosis, malaria and filariasis. The findings in this study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the Pangkor Island community has greatly reduced compared to those reported 35 years ago. Massive improvements in the socioeconomic status, personal hygiene, water facilities and sanitation may have contributed to the low prevalence of parasitic infections among the Pangkor community. Nevertheless, further studies need to be performed to determine the possible risk factors for the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the island community.

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DAYA SAING LENGGONG DAN PENGLIBATAN

KOMUNITI TEMPATAN

Mastura Jaafar dan Fatimah Hassan

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Senibina dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Destinasi adalah tempat yang menawarkan gabungan produk dan perkhidmatan pelancongan manakala daya saing destinasi adalah menentukan keupayaan destinasi untuk mengekalkan kedudukan pasarannya dan memperbaiki keupayaan bersaing melalui masa. Kepentingan menggunakan daya saing destinasi adalah untuk menyediakan barangan dan perkhidmatan bagi memenuhi keperluan pelancong dan mewujudkan destinasi pelancongan yang berdaya saing. Matlamat utama daya saing destinasi adalah untuk meningkatkan ekonomi negara, meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kualiti hidup penduduk, dan pada masa yang sama mengekalkan kualiti alam sekitar. Rancangan Malaysia Ke-9 ( 2006-2010) telah memberikan tumpuan kepada pembangunan masyarakat luar bandar melalui dua strategi iaitu untuk mengurangkan ketidakseimbangan pendapatan antara kawasan luar bandar dengan bandar dan antara negeri-negeri yang kurang maju dan lebih maju. Pendekatan ini mengintegrasikan pembangunan dan pembinaan masyarakat berprinsipkan konsep kelestarian dalam proses perancangan pelancongan dan membantu membantu meningkatkan daya saing destinasi di pasaran pelancongan global dengan menyokong pemeliharaan aset kebudayaan dan semula jadi, keunikan dan identiti. Kebelakangan ini, pelancongan telah menjadi satu pasaran yang sangat berdaya saing. Atas sebab ini adalah penting untuk setiap destinasi mengukur daya saing mereka bagi mengenal pasti kekuatan dan kelemahan bagi membangunkan strategi masa depan. Lembah Lenggong bukan sahaja dikenali dengan kekayaan warisan semulajadi tetapi juga kaya dengan elemen bukan warisan. Lembah Lenggong kaya dengan peninggalan arkeologi, warisan budaya yang berbeza-beza seperti muzik, makanan tradisional, tarian, upacara, kraftangan, kehadiran orang Asli di samping habitat yang kaya dengan pelbagai flora dan fauna. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan maklumbalas daripada penduduk dan pelancong tentang kelebihan destinasi pelancongan di Lembah Lenggong dengan tumpuan kepada aset semulajadi dan infrastruktur pelancongan seperti hotel, tarikan, rangkaian pengangkutan, dan acara. Kajian ini akan membuat pengumpulan data pada bulan Mac 2014. Antara lain, kajian ini akan mendedahkan elemen utama yang telah dan berpotensi untuk dibangunkan bagi meningkatkan daya saing Lembah Lenggong sebagai destinasi pelancongan dunia

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DEVELOPMENT OF HEC-SERIES PROGRAM TO

PREDICT SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FOR RIVERS IN

MALAYSIA



Four rivers were selected as study sites namely Pari River (Ipoh), Kerayong River (Kuala Lumpur), Kulim River (Kulim) and Malacca River (Mallaca City). Total bed material loads were collected from these rivers. The appraisals of the existing sediment transport equations showed that Yang, Ackers & White and Graf equations were suitable for the prediction of sediment transports in these rivers. A number of equations were also developed for the prediction of sediment transport rates using the collected sediment transport data especially for low to medium flows. During the study period, a 50-year flood occurred at Pari River on the 19th November 1997 causing structural damages to the rigid bank walls on both sides of the river especially at bends. Subsequently, the flood hydrograph was used to calibrate the HEC-6 model to predict the recorded flood water levels. A good agreement was found between the predicted and observed water levels using Yang equation. Another model namely, FLUVIAL-12 was also used to predict the erosion and deposition trends during the flood. The calibration results using Yang and Graf equations show that the FLUVIAL-12 model could well predict the observed erosion and deposition patterns along the river including at the bends. The results from the calibration of HEC-6 and FLUVIAL-12 models were then used for the rehabilitation work of Pari River. A flood risk map was also developed for Pari River to represent the effect of the flood event by developing an ArcView GIS extension namely AVHEC-6.AVX integrating the HEC-6 model within GIS environment. The extension has the capability of analyzing the computed water surface profiles generated from HEC-6 model and producing a related flood map for Pari River in the ArcView GIS.

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DOES MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION VARY WITH

HANDEDNESS?

NEED OF DISCRETE EVALUATION!

Dr KM Padmavathy1, Dr RK Marya2, Dr Inbam Indrasingh2,Dr Rukhsana Hussain Malik2 et al.

Quest International University Perak (QIUP)No 227, Plaza Teh Teng Seng,Jalan Raja Permaisuri Bainun, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, [email protected]

The electrodiagnostic evaluation such as nerve conduction studies provides valuable quantitative and qualitative insights into neuromuscular function. Nerve conduction velocity being affected by factors such as age, gender and temperature is a well-known fact but the effect of handedness on nerve conduction is not much known.

In the present study 30 medical students of Quest International University Perak (QIUP) aged between 20-22 years were participated. Motor Nerve Conduction Velocities (MNCV) of median nerve was recorded with the help of computerized equipment - Power Lab with standard techniques of supramaximal percutaneous stimulation with constant current and surface electrodes. The anthropometric measurements and the neurophysiological parameters such as latency, peak amplitude, peak latency and MNCV of median nerve on both sides were taken. Out of thirty students only 4 students had left hand dominance.

The height was associated with the distance between wrist and elbow (r2=36.08 %; p<0.05); and on the dominant hand, height correlated with conduction velocity (r2= 45.45%; p < 0.01) and latency at elbow (r2=66.25%; p<0.001). BMI also correlated significantly with the conduction velocity (r2= 40.0%; p<0.01), and latency at elbow (r2=34.5%; p<0.05) on dominant hand.

The peak amplitude at wrist and at elbow (9.42 ± 3.66 vs 7.81 ± 3.58 ; 6.84 ± 3.36 vs 4.41 ± 2.72); and peak latency at elbow (0.0095 ± 0.0019 vs 0.0065 ± 0.0010) were more in non-dominant hand than in dominant hand. Though there was no significant difference in conduction velocity between the dominant and non-dominant hands, the mean MNCV (m/sec) was more in non-dominant hand (55.43 ± 12.43) as compared to dominant hand (53.60 ± 8.01) in right handed subjects. However MNCV was found more in dominant hand of left handed subjects than right handed subjects. These findings suggest that there should be a separate set of normative data for both dominant and non-dominant hands of both handed ness to be used in practice.

Keywords: motor nerve, conduction velocity, dominant hand

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THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SECRETARIAL JOB

FUNCTIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS BETWEEN

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN IPOH, PERAK

Nordayana Zulkifli & Rohana Ehsan

Faculty of Business ManagementUniversiti Teknologi MARA,Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Associates with the advent of office technologies in recent years, the secretarial job functions have widely expanded. Hellerstein (1995) noted that secretary are working in pools to support one or more departments and office technologies act as a bridge to mid-management jobs. Furthermore, their salaries and career opportunities now compete with other executive level positions. It clearly defined that secretarial functions were growing rapidly and encountered enormous changes. Unfortunately, the emergence of changes frequently occurred mostly in the private sectors which enable managers and professionals to operate more independently and the technology redefined the secretary’s roles and career path. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison of the secretarial job functions and qualifications between public and private sectors in Ipoh, Perak and to determine whether changes are needed in the secretarial job functions and qualifications in the public sector. This comparative and quantitative research employed an instrument with five sections that had been validated and distributed to the specified sampling in Ipoh, Perak. The respondents were the public sector staffs holding the position as Administrative Assistant (Secretarial) with the salary scheme of N17, N22 and N32 worked in Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Perak and private sector secretarial staffs engaged in multiple industry in Ipoh area. Based on the findings, the private sector staffs were more specific and realistic to ensure their jobs defensibility and also their understanding of what, why and how the work is done rather than public sector staffs. The SKA’s perform by the secretarial staff should describes the true quality of the secretary. Public sector (Perak State Government) should perceived changes like the private sectors and revise the SKA’s to produce a high quality administrative and secretarial worker, in the same time it can enhance their spirit and motivation to develop a quality workforce in Perak Darul Ridzuan.

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DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN FOR TANJUNG MALIM,

PERAK



The study was commissioned by Tanjong Malim District Council (MDTM) to address the drainage issues and problems in Tanjong Malim city area. This study shall also cover the immediate surrounding area set to undergo landuse transformation from agriculture to commercial and industrial area as plan in the structure plan 2010. The total study site covered an area of almost 2000 ha consisting of four main river catchment, all of which were tributaries of the Sungai Bernam catchment. The objectives of the study were: (a) tTo formulate Drainage Master Plan for the project area up to the planning horizon of the structure plan covering the following components: i) trunk drains and secondary drains in the existing built-up areas of the study area; ii) trunk drains for the remaining areas of the study area, (b) to study the flooding and drainage problems in the study area, (c) to propose conceptual and preliminary designs of the proposed drainage improvement works including their layout and typical designs of components and to determine the land acquisition requirements, and (d) to propose feasible detailed design for urgent flood mitigation and drainage enhancement works for immediate implementation in the project area. REDAC carried out this study by first conducting thorough stormwater asset inventory, which was recorded in GIS format. Water quality monitoring and rapid ecological assessment were conducted during field works. These data were sorted out, filtered, cleaned and were used in further analyses. Hydrodynamic model was set up to evaluate the performance of the existing river and drainage system, and to identify the causes of any current issues. Future development scenario was also considered. Finally, stormwater master plan was drafted based on the findings of the analyses. The master plan was thoroughly debated several rounds at local council level involving all stakeholders before being finalised. The final master plan included both structural and non-structural parts measures to control and manage stormwater efficiently. As part of the scope of work, REDAC also prepared a full set of detailed engineering design for the immediate flood mitigation work of Sungai Berop (one of the four river system in the study area).

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS OF ‘ORANG ASLI’

STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE

DISTRICTS OF SUNGAI SIPUT, PERAK AND

ROMPIN-ENDAU, PAHANG AND JOHOR, MALAYSIA

Shahrier Pawanchik, Fatan Hamamah Yahaya & Anton Abdulbasah Kamil

Pusat Pengajian Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

This research aims at exploring the English language needs of indigenous (Orang Asli) students in primary schools in the districts of Sungai Siput, Perak and Rompin-Endau, Pahang. These students comprise of different sub-ethnic groups, the Temiar are found in the Sungai Siput district, Perak and the Jakuns are in the Rompin-Endau district, Pahang. Though they are classified under ‘Orang Asli,’ their spoken languages are different and culturally they are different too. Six years after the implementation of teaching mathematics and science in English, the problem of students’ proficiency in English especially ‘Orang Asli’ students in primary schools in the rural areas is still debatable. Unless this problem is solved at the primary level, it will fossilize and contribute towards students’ low confidence and self esteem, and anxiety in the language at the secondary and tertiary levels. The researchers will focus on the students’ English language needs and make recommendations on overcoming their language difficulties.

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ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE

TOURISM: A STUDY OF IMPACTS, BENEFITS AND

INVOLVEMENT OF ORANG ASLI COMMUNITIES

ALONG THE PERAK - PAHANG - KELANTAN

BORDERS

Chan Ngai Weng

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemanusiaanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

In recent decades, the environment in many parts of Malaysia has undergone profound charges, largely due to land use changes over the decades. For example, deforestation has profound effects not only on natural systems such as forest ecosystems, water/hydrological systems, climate systems, soil systems and wildlife, but more importantly also has immense effects on people, especially indigenous people such as orang asli who depend on the natural environment for survival. In the border areas fringing Perak, Pahang and Kelantan, the highland ecosystems are a rich natural heritage but environmental change due to deforestation (e.g. highway construction, farming, tourism and other developments) are increasingly bringing above negative effects and such systems are currently under threat. Environmental change has brought above environmental hazards and disasters in recent decades that have caused loss of life, property and crop damage and destruction to public amenities (Chan, 2000a; Chan,2000b). Upstream development of highlands and forests have also severely altered natural environments causing sedimentation and pollution of water resources (Chan and Wan Ruslan, 19917; Ab Latiff Ibrahim et al., 2002). The border areas in the proposed study,i.e. the triangle bordering the three states of Perak-Pahang-Kelantan, centring on Cameron Highlands, Tapah-Cameron Highlands Road, Simpang Pulai-kampung Raja Road and Ulu Kepantan, are currently developed for tourism. However, despite the are being a haven for nature, forests, wildlife and biodiversity, the kind of tourism practiced is mostly focussed upon mass-tourism, agro-tourism (vegetable farms) and resort development. Ecotourism, which is potentially a “Gold Mine” that can be sustainably developed is hitherto not fully operationalised and maximized. More importantly, local expertise such as orang asli involvement in the ecotourism industry is not well developed. The vast majority of orang asli are found working in the farms, tea estates and hotel/hospitality industry, mostly as labourers and others inskilled jobs. Land rights of orang asli has also been uncertain, and all these have not helped them uplift their standard of living much (Hood Salleh, 1997). More importantly, tradisional cultures of orang asli has been eroded due to this sudden change of life style from their collector-hunter-shifting cultivator traditions to the modern way of life. Environmental

26

degradation, loss of biodiversity and encroachment (by farms, highways and townships) have also contributed to erosion of orang asli habitats (Kiew, 1997). Objectives- (1) to ascertain the current status of development in the study area, and to identify its effects on the environment as well as the livelihood of the orang asli communities; (2) to identify, assess and map natural resources in the area, including ecotourism; (3) to identify and map environmental hazards in the study area; (4) to identify the extent to which current developments have benefited and impacted upon orang asli, especially involving them in ecotourism and other developments; (5) to identify and recommend policies and processes to bring orang asli into the mainstream of Malaysian society, that also encourage and ensure the long term survival of orang asli communities and their unique culture with the view to also improve their quality of life; (6) to identify and recommend policies which will lead towards economically and environmentally sustainable development, especially ecotourism in the study area; (8) To recommend guidelines and policies for sustainable development of border areas to ensure the conservation, protection and sustainability of forests, water catchments, wildlife reserves, biodiversity reservoirs, indigenous cultures and other resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS



Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an environmental requirement to minimize impact of development to the environment. This plan relates the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the development project to the policies of regulating bodies. The Environmental Management Plan also outlined actions to be taken to ensure proper environmental observations by all parties involved in the project. USM was appointed as the EMP consultant for the development project of Universiti Teknologi Petronas and thus was responsible to monitor the environmental adherence throughout the construction period until the project was handed over to the owner. EMP ensures that the following impacts are minimized and control within the desirable limits and comply with all applicable standard and guidelines (a) soil erosion and sedimentation, (b) impact on water quality/pollution, (c) impact on air quality/pollution, (d) noise pollution, (e) impact on ecology, and (f) impact from construction traffic. USM was responsible in preparing EMP report, conduct monitoring and auditing, conduct environmental training to contractors and site inspections throughout the construction period. The scope of works included the following (a) preparing

27

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as a proper environmental approach during project implementation to conform with approved EIA report by DOE, EIA Condition’s Approval from DOE and related Authorities and Contract Specifications, (b) review the mitigation and abatement measures proposed in the EIA report, and Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) by contractors, (c) to set out a comprehensive program which forms the basis for implementing environment mitigation measures, environment monitoring and environment auditing of the construction works by the Contractor, (d) to ensure that the Contractor engaged by the Government comply with all applicable environmental standard and guidelines, legislative requirements, limit values and other relevant conditions related to the environments in the implementation of the project, (e) to specify a detailed environment monitoring and auditing program to ensure that the Contractor and all Sub-contractors comply with all stipulated requirements throughout the duration of the project, and (f) to ensure all activities and operations of the Contractor are protected from any environmental impacts throughout the construction phase of the project. It shall also include but not limited to environmental monitoring, conservation and preservation and auditing activities. Through close coordination and cooperation, the new campus of UTP was successfully completed in 2002. The EMP was closely implemented at all stages of construction under the monitoring and guidance of USM.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK FOR ECOLOGICAL

DRAINAGE COMPONENT



Rapid development in Malaysia with the construction of new towns may change the hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics of previously rural catchments. Flash flood and lower replenishment of groundwater may occur downstream of the new development areas as a result of increase in impermeable areas. The main feature of ecological drainage is the use of subsurface drainage modules acting as both stormwater conveyor and attenuation agent. This study reported the findings on the laboratory invstigation of drainage modules in order to determine their suitability and workability as well as to confirm the specifications of these components under local condition. The objectives of this study were (a) to test the hydraulic capacity of the drainage module, and (b) to check the water quality improvement capability of the drainage module.The results showed that the drainage module should be designed as pipe flow. The resulting turbulence would increase the DO level as flow travels downstream.

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EXPLORING KINTA VALLEY’S POTENTIAL: A

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN HYDRAULIC TESTING

Ismail Abustan, Mobarak Hussain, Ismail Ahmad, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid

Pusat Pengajian PengurusanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Several inter-related factors have change water situation in Malaysia abundance to one of scarcity. Since water is crutial for everyone and the cost to manage it is very costly, it is important to ensure water systems to be properly managed and maintained. Hence, the requirement to conduct hydraulic model testing in many big water-related construction projects (e.g. dam, water supply, irrigation and flood mitigation pump house, barrage, inlet channel, etc.) The testing is to ensure suitability and the safety of the design, and to possibly minimize the cost of operation and maintenance of the system in the long term. However, usually the testing is conducted overseas due to unavailable testing centre in the country, burdening the government with high fees to bear. Thus, there is crutial need for a hydraulic testing centre to be set up in Malaysia to cater our needs as as the region. The development of the centre will provide opportunity to conduct basic and applied research in hydraulic engineering for both the public and the private sectors. Apart from this, it can provide advisory services on matters relating to hydraulics development and engage in collaborative hydraulic engineering research with other institutions. As it is, DID mechanical and Electrical Services, partnering with USM has taken steps into making this centre a reality. This paper attempths to recommend the suitability of Kinta Valley in Perak as the most ideal and suitable location for the development of the centre.

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EKSPLORASI FIBER BULUH DALAM TARIAN

MELAYU PERAK

Rozimah Bidin

Fakulti Seni lukis dan Seni rekaUiTM PerakKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Keunikan budaya masyarakat Melayu di Malaysia bukan sahaja dapat dilihat pada cara hidup mereka seperti kekeluargaan, perkahwinan, cara makan dan lain-lain malah ia dapat dilihat menerusi budaya tarian yang dipelopori sejak zaman berzaman. Budaya tarian seperti zapin, canggong, mak yong, dabus, bubu dan banyak lagi mempunyai keistimewaannya tersendiri dan hanya terkenal di negeri-negeri tertentu sahaja. Tarian bubu terkenal di negeri Perak. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana fiber buluh dieksplorasi oleh masyarakat Melayu dan direpresentasikan dalam tarian bubu Perak. Eksplorasi buluh bubu begitu unik untuk beberapa maksud dan tujuan, dan antara lain adalah pembentukan gerak tari dan irama lagu sehingga tarian bubu terus mendapat tempat di hati masyarakat setempat. Investigasi eksplorasi fiber buluh selanjutnya akan dibincangkan.

FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

IN SERI ISKANDAR

Thuraiya Mohd¹, Nadia Idros

¹ Lecturers, Department of Real Estate ManagementFaculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTMKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, Malaysia

2Valuation Executive, Oriental Realty Sdn BhdE-mail: [email protected]

Seri Iskandar is an area experiencing rapid development in housing scheme and commercial development. Currently, housing scheme in Seri Iskandar is rapidly growing. Therefore, this

30

research an attempt to explored the factors that influence housing development. Thus, an empirical research has been conducted in the new rapidly developing, Seri Iskandar. This research consisted of two objectives which are to identify the factors influencing housing development and to identify the significant factors influencing housing development. In order to achieve these objectives, the structured questionnaires were distributed to the respondent using purposive sampling method. The respondents were housing developers in Seri Iskandar. The data were analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) through Frequencies and Likert Scale analysis. The finding from the empirical study showed that there are 19 factors that influence the housing development in research area. Among the factors are location, occupation, neighbourhood, income level, housing market, cost of construction, facilities, and others. The most significant factors influencing the housing development in Seri Iskandar are location, population and occupation. It is hoped that this empirical research can be used as useful reference by developer, local authorities, and others parties in developing the housing development project.

Keywords: Housing development, developer, supply, demand

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING OF RATING OBJECTIONS

IN PERAK TENGAH DISTRISCT AREA

Thuraiya Mohd

Lecturers, Department of Real Estate ManagementFaculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTMKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, MalaysiaE-mail: [email protected]

Local Authority has the authorities to collect the property tax for the purpose of local expenditure. According to the Section 127 Act 171, the Local Authority may, with the approval of the State Authority, from time to time as is deemed necessary, impose the rate of the property tax within a Local Authority area. The Issue of Revaluation has always has been oppose by the occupier. In this regard, Local Authority shall concern with any objection raised about the New Valuation List before finalized and approved the new property tax. Another question raised out in this issue was whether all objections meet basis legal point of view. Scope of this study is targeted on occupier in the Perak Tengah District area. The main objective of this study is to identify reasons of rating objections. In order to achieve the objective, three types of analysis were conducted by the author which including frequency analysis, Likert Scaling analysis and Cross-Tabulation analysis. The result showed that the management of Local Authority in the aspect of process determination

31

and performance did meet the requirements in the Act 171. Generally, the major objection reason from the occupiers was the payment of property tax was not congruent with the services given by Local Authority. Apart from that, occupiers hope the Local Authority can reduce the property tax rate. Thus, occupiers opined that this issue can be resolved by Non-Government Organizations (NGO). In connection with that, negotiation between valuation officer and state authority are needed to decide a reasonable rate.

Keywords: Rating, objection, Local authority, revaluation, property tax

FELDA PLANTATION TOURISM: THE UNEXPLORED

LOCAL TOURISM PRODUCT

Nurwati Badarulzaman

School of Housing, Building and Planning

Fatimah Hassan

Geography Section, School of Distance EducationUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Tourism development in plantation areas is a relatively new phenomenon in the local tourism scene. Plantation tourism generally refers to all tourism-related activities that take place within a plantation setting and the surrounding area. It is a unique form of mixed farm-based tourism which incorporates other types of tourism including rural tourism, agro-tourism, education-tourism, eco-tourism and industrial tourism, but operating at a much larger scale. It is usually located in the rural areas which host an array of farm and non-farm activities and products. Once implemented, the host area may accrue direct and indirect benefits from increased farm productivity, employment generation, wealth distribution, environmental conservation, local participation, and adaptation of traditional cultures and values. The FELDA land schemes in Malaysia have the potentials for plantation tourism development since they offer a host of agro and aqua-tourism products from plantation resort to hot spring, herbal garden, chalet, home-stay, food industry, cottage industry, freshwater fishing and jungle trekking. Tourism development in the FELDA plantations has been perceived as an opportunity for the settlers to upgrade their economic wellbeing by engaging in entrepreneurial ventures, while curbing the out-migration amongst FELDA youth through rural employment generation. This paper highlights the concept of plantation tourism that has been implemented in the FELDA land schemes in Malaysia. Two case studies of FELDA land schemes in Jengka, Pahang and Trolak, Perak are presented to

32

illustrate the plantation tourism initiatives in these localities. A successful strategy for plantation tourism lies in an interactive involvement of the tourists with the local community, the natural environment and related authorities. Such interface is vital in promoting the consumption of plantation tourism products beyond the borders. A community-oriented, ecological approach in plantation tourism is therefore essential to incorporate the key components in tourism development such as the environment, economics, social, cultural and managerial aspects. Based on these case studies, this paper proposes several recommendations to be considered by the FELDA authority, settlers’ association and other relevant bodies, in order to establish a new brand, outstanding and consumable plantation tourism products in FELDA schemes to be savored by domestic and international travelers.

FLOOD RISK MAPPING FOR RIVERS IN MALAYSIA

INCORPORATING SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER

CHANNEL: CASE STUDY OF PARI RIVER, IPOH



The objectives of the study were (a) to identify areas of flood inundation in Sungai Pari Catchment Area, (b) to provide better understandings on depth-of-flood details, spatial variation in flood risk mapping and sediment transport based on hydrological, hydraulic and socio-economic factors for Sungai Pari Catchment Area, and (c) to produce digital flood risk maps for Sungai Pari Catchment Area that can be updated easily. Severe flooding has occurred in recent years at several parts of Malaysia, both as localized flash floods and as basin-wide floods on major river systems. Some of the badly affected areas are situated at the river basins in Penang (Juru River Basin), Pahang (Pahang River Basin), Terengganu (Setiu River Basin) and Perak (Kinta River Basin). By their nature, floods are generated by the random coincidence of several meteorological factors but urbanization of the river catchment can also have an impact on the severity and frequency of the events. There is no particular attempt yet in Malaysia to provide digital flood risk maps taking into account of sediment movement along the river channel. Ab. Ghani et al. (1998) attempted to quantify the effects of sediment movement and corresponding cross-sectional changes in producing the flood levels. Successful applications of several sediment transport models such as HEC-6 and FLUVIAL-12 indicated that the possibility of extending the obtained results in mapping the flood prone areas by incorporating sediment transport bearing in mind the physical aspects of river ability to change its boundary. A sediment transport equation applicable for rivers

33

in Malaysia was developed based on sediment data collection carried out from 1994 until 2002. It was later embedded in a modified version of HEC-6 model and named SEDFlood model. A user-friendly, menu-driven GUI for 2D and 3D digital floodplain delineation was developed based on ArcView GIS and SEDFlood tight coupling procedure. Flood risk maps for the present and future land use can be produced using the SEDFlood model GUI.

FINANCIAL PROTECTION PLAN IN MALAYSIA

Noor Ashikin Mohd Rom

Multimedia UniversityJalan Multimedia 63100 Cyberjaya Selangor [email protected]; [email protected]

Kesejahteraan rakyat adalah tunjang kepada pengukuhan pembangunan manusia, sosial, ekonomi dan politik sesebuah negara. Peningkatan kualiti kehidupan rakyat termasuk peluang mendapatkan kesihatan pada kadar segera dan baik, jaminan perlindungan diri dan keluarga sekiranya berlaku sebarang musibah, kehilangan saraan hidup atau tempat bergantung, ketidakupayaan bekerja akibat kemalangan atau penyakit kritikal dan kemelaratan di hari tua kerana ketiadaan simpanan wang. Kajian-kajian di serata dunia sebelum ini telah menunjukkan hampir semua kategori penduduk yang berpendapatan rendah dan miskin tidak mempunyai perlindungan kewangan yang merangkumi perlindungan hayat diri dan keluarga, kesihatan dan simpanan masa tua. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji samada wujud perlindungan kewangan di kalangan penduduk yang berpendapatan rendah dan miskin. Kedua, untuk mengenalpasti keupayaan kewangan dalam menyumbang secara berterusan untuk menyertai perlindungan mikrotakaful. Seramai 132 responden miskin dan berpendapatan rendah di temuduga di beberapa kawasan luar bandar, negeri Perak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan 97% daripada responden tidak memiliki apa-apa perlindungan kewangan dan tidak mampu untuk menyumbang bagi mendapatkan perlindungan kewangan yang sedia ada di pasaran. Mereka juga tiada mekanisma tertentu untuk menangani musibah dan 73% daripada responden pernah memohon bantuan kewangan untuk menangani masalah banjir, rumah rosak dilanda ribut, kemalangan atau penyakit yang memerlukan rawatan perubatan. Seramai 97% responden tidak mendapatkan rawatan perubatan apabila sakit kerana tidak mampu dari segi pengangkutan dan kos ubatan. Kebanyakan responden memilih untuk mendapatkan perlindungan sekiranya di tawarkan oleh kerajaan dan mampu menyumbang setakat RM10 sahaja pada setiap bulan. Pengkaji menggalakkan penglibatan dan sokongan kerajaan dalam memberikan keupayaan kewangan bagi golongan ini. Sebuah perlindungan hayat, perubatan dan simpanan perlu di reka khas untuk golongan berpendapatan rendah dan miskin. Perlindungan komprehensif mikrotakaful adalah berbeza dengan perlindungan yang ditawarkan di peringkat nasional yang sedia ada iaitu 1Malaysia Micro Protection Plan yang kurang memberi manfaat yang diperlukan oleh golongan ini kerana tiada perlindungan perubatan dan manfaat simpanan di hari tua.

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GOVERNMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM :

EFFECTIVENESS OF PBTS



Innovation and transformation in service delivery are taking place around the world as governments recognize the value that can be achieved through innovation and transformation for desired policy outcomes and increased citizen trust in government. Citizens have come to expect the same level of services from government that they experience in the commercial sector. Research shows there is a strong link between quality of services and the trust and confidence citizens have in their government. Thus, some governments are adopting truly innovative practices that effect changes in service delivery to their citizens.

This research aims in evaluating the performance of the service delivery by LAs in Perak. The current issues regarding service delivery by LAs in Perak were highlighted and analyzed to recommend better strategies and action plan for improving service delivery of PBTs towards a world class status. Therefore, this research highlighted some of the project outcomes and key features of the project that would directly emphasize the focus of this research in evaluating the effectiveness of local authorities in delivering their services to the people of Perak.

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GUA SEBAGAI ASET PELANCONGAN SEMULA JADI

DI LENGGONG, PERAK

Main Rindam1

1 Prof. Madya Dr. Main Rindam,

Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia.Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected].

Gua adalah tempat perlindungan manusia paling awal di dunia. Gua sebagai tempat tinggal, tempat perlindungan dan juga tempat beribadah telah disebut di dalam kitab-kitab suci baik dalam Al-Quran mahupun Injil. Gua terjadi menerusi beberapa cara seperti menerusi aktiviti hakisan, rekahan dan melalui proses pelarutan.Bagaimanapun kajian ini hanya akan memberikan fokus kepada kejadian gua menerusi proses pelarutan sahaja kerana gua jenis ini terdapat di bumi Lenggong, Perak. Sehubungan dengan itu satu kajian telah dijalankan di Lenggong, Perak mulai tahun 2011 hingga 2013 di bawah pembiayaan gran penyelidikan kluster pelancongan. Objektif kajian ialah utuk mengenengahkan gua sebagai lanskap fizikal yang boleh dinaiktaraf sebagai produk pelancongan penting kepada masyarakat tempatan dan antarabangsa selaras dengan pengikterafan Lembah Lenggong sebagai tapak warisan dunia pada tahun 2012. Hasil kajian ini mendapati gua adalah tempat penginapan paling awal dikesan di Lenggong bukan sahaja kerana di situlah tempat asal Perak Man ditemui tetapi ia merupakan bentuk muka bumi yang paling selamat untuk dihuni oleh manusia pra sejarah baik daripada ancaman haiwan buas mahupun daripada bencana alam.

Kata kunci: Gua Kajang, Geografi fizikal, Pelancongan, Gua batu kapur, Kars.

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HOMESTAY KAMPUNG BENG: PELANCONGAN

BERASASKAN KOMUNITI

Mastura Jaafar, Fatimah Hasan dan Noor Khairiah

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Pembangunan pelancongan di kawasan luar bandar yang berasaskan komuniti semakin popular dewasa ini. Homestay kampung Beng adalah antara homestay yang dibangunkan berasaskan komuniti atau Community-Based Tourism (CBT). CBT melibatkan komitmen penduduk tempatan untuk mengambil bahagian dalam proses perancangan dan perlaksanaan projek-projek. Penyertaan komuniti dalam pelancongan adalah merupakan satu aspek penting dalam pelancongan luar bandar yang mana keusahawanan adalah sebahagian daripada proses pembangunan ekonomi yang mapan. Menurut Pelan Induk Teras Kedua Pembangunan Luar Bandar, homestay disenaraikan sebagai salah satu daripada 10 strategi utama yang akan meningkatkan ekonomi luar bandar kepada ekonomi berpendapatan tinggi. Definisi Homestay di Malaysia ialah pelancong tinggal bersama keluarga tersebut untuk merasai kehidupan kampung dan cuba aktiviti-aktiviti bersama keluarga tuan rumah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka konsep pelancongan berasaskan komuniti melalui pelaksanaan Homestay Kampung Beng. Yang merupakan satu destinasi homestay yang terkenal di Perak. Kajian kualitatif ini berdasarkan temuduga secara mendalam dengan tiga orang penting di homestay Kg. Beng. Tidak dapat dinafikan sokongan pelbagai pihak telah berjaya merealisasikan sambutan pelancong termasuk kerjasama sesama komuniti. Pakej perlancongan tidak mungkin dapat direalisasikan tanpa kerjasama komuniti.Walaupun begitu, setelah beberapa tahun beroperasi, homestay ini perlu mendapatkan suntikan baru untuk menonjolkan lagi keupayaan homestay ini. Tambahan pula dalam keadaan homestay Kg Beng terpaksa berhadapan dengan pelbagai kekangan termasuk aspek pengurusan iaitu kesediaan kepimpinan baru, kerjasama dan kemahuan generasi kedua untuk terlibat, pembinaan laman sesawang yang terkini disamping komitmen daraipada komuniti sediaada dan generasi baru. Sikap dan semangat bekerjasama perlu dipupuk dan diperkembangkan kepada generasi seterusnya. Kebanyakan generasi baru tidak berminat untuk meneruskan program ini dan ini mewujudkan keterbatasan utama kepada komuniti berasaskan pelancongan di Kg Beng. Bantuan daripada pelbagai aspek terutamanya daripada generasi muda amat penting untuk memastikan manfaat kepada komuniti Kg Beng khususnya dan Lenggong amnya

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HUMAN CAPITAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN

THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN PERAK

Dr.Rohani SallehHairulzila IdrisKhalidah Khalid AliAzelin Mohd NorHaryanni HarunMd.Anwar Yusuff

Universiti Teknologi PetronasBandar Seri Iskandar,31750, Tronoh, Perak, [email protected]

Human capital concerns the attributes of skills acquired by an individual in the cause of vocational and technical education training and the industrial workplace. Human capital includes the aspects of attitude, aptitude and the knowledge sharing desire. Human capital can be considered as one of the key determinants of organizational success.

Productive and motivated human capital are valuable assests to all organisations. In line with this, attracting and retaining talents are always of central concern for many organisations. Although critical, managing human capital is never an easy task for many organisations.

The changing global environment and technological advances have posed new challenges to the world of today. Individualism and fulfilling self- interests are common characteristics of today’s workforce. Communitarian values and esprit de corps spirits are fast diminishing. Although workforce mobility has increased to reap the benefits of new job opportunities created as a result of globalization, it has also created negative impacts at the workplace. Employees of today are seen to be lacking in sense of loyalty to the organization. In addition, employees’ demands are ever increasing as they see these as a right or entitlement.

These myriad of issues have become a major challenge to many business organizations/companies. Retaining talented employees is becoming a headache. In fact, many business organizations/companies are persistenly struggling in recruiting and retaining the best employees to sustain their businesses, what more to maximize profits.

Business organizations in Perak are ni exception. These emerging scenarios have prompted an organizational study to be conducted to address some of these human capital issues as Perak goes through the waves of economic growth in line with Malaysia’s Tenth Malaysia Plan.

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IKON SEJARAH, WARISAN DAN PELANCONGAN

DAERAH HILIR PERAK

Dr. Baharuddin JabarDr. Khairi AriffinMohd Hairy IbrahimAzmi Ahmad BaharomMohamad Kamal KamaruddinZahrullail Ahmad

Fakulti Sains KemanusiaanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Kajian ini bertujuan menjadikan tapak dan warisan sejarah di daerah Hilir Perak sebagai ikon sejarah dan warisan yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai satu produk pelancongan. Beberapa tinggalan sejarah yang terdapat di daerah Hilir Perak telah dikenal pasti dan menjadi fokus dalam kajian ini. Kajian mendapati perlunya semua tinggalan sejarah ini dipelihara dan dipulihara agar generasi sekarang dan akan datang dapat mengenali warisan yang ada di samping memajukannya sebagai satu produk pelancongan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati banyak perubahan yang telah berlaku kepada ikon dan persekitarannya. Keseluruhan ikon berkenaan didapati terbiar dan tidak dipedulikan, kecuali Menara Condong yang sememangnya diberi perhatian, namun ada ruang untuk penambahbaikan. Malahan didapati masyarakat setempat juga langsung tidak mengetahui kewujudan atau signifikannya ikon-ikon berkenaan. Oleh itu, adalah perlu ikon-ikon tersebut dibangunkan serta dipulihara agar generasi sekarang dan akan datang dapat mengetahuinya di samping ikon-ikon ini sendiri dapat dimajukan sebagai satu tarikan dan destinasi pelancongan.

Hasil penemuan dan penyelidikan ini, didapati sebelas ikon sejarah, warisan dan pelancongan yang dibahagikan kepada beberapa kawasan tertentu dalam daerah Hilir Perak sesuai dan berpotensi bagi menjadikan Hilir Perak sebagai tempat tumpuan pelancong dan pelawat dari dalam dan luar negara. Antara kawasan yang diberikan perhatian dan berpotensi sebagai ikon sejarah, warisan dan pelancongan mencakupi kawasan di Bagan Datoh yang memberi fokus kepada Beting Beras Basah dan pekan Bagan Datoh, Kawasan Hutan Melintang yang mencakupi kawasan di jeti-jeti perikanan dan pelabuhan Hutan Melintang, kawasan di Kampung Batak Rabit yang memberi fokus kepada Masjid Jamek Batak Rabit dan makam jurai Kesultanan Perak, kawasan bandar Teluk Intan yang memberi tumpuan kepada bangunan-bangunan bersejarah, bangunan Menara Condong, Kampung Terengganu, Durian Sebatang dan Makam Kesultanan Perak, landasan kereta api dan stesen kereta api Teluk Intan, warf dan kawasan perkampungan padi sawah di Mukim Sungai Manik dan sekitarnya. Kesemua kawasan yang cuba dipetakan sebagai lokasi atau tapak warisan sejarah ini amat memberi sumbangan bermakna kepada perubahan landskap pelancongan di negeri Perak.

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IMPAK FAKTOR HUJAN DAN PERUBAHAN GUNA

TANAH TERHADAP CIRI LUAHAN DAN LUAHAN

ENDAPAN DI LEMBANGAN SUNGAI KINTA

1Mohmadisa Hashim & 2Wan Ruslan Ismail

1Jabatan Geografi & Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan, Universiti PendidikanSultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak2Bahagian Geografi, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Guna tanah berdasarkan peta guna tanah sedia ada untuk tahun 1974, 1984, 1990, 1997 dan 2004. Analisis siri masa digunakan untuk mengkaji trend jangka masa panjang ciri hujan, luahan, luahan endapan dan perubahan guna tanah di lembangan Sungai Kinta. Analisis deskriptif, korelasi dan ujian Mann-Kendall telah digunakan untuk menilai trend dan perubahan yang berlaku terhadap ciri-ciri tersebut. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan trend hujan di lembangan Sungai Kinta adalah meningkat (S=217) dengan purata hujan tahunan adalah 2741 mm. Trend luahan menunjukkan peningkatan dengan nilai S=232 tetapi trend luahan endapan menunjukkan trend yang menurun (S=-393). Guna tanah hutan telah berkurangan dari 1350 km2 (1974) kepada 1184 km2 (2004) dengan perubahan relatif sebanyak -12.3 peratus. Perubahan badan air juga berkurangan dari 445 km2 (1974) kepada 417 km2 (2004) dengan nilai -6.3 peratus. Guna tanah terbina pula meningkat dari 111 km2 kepada 244 km2 (+120%) dan guna tanah pertanian 659 km2 kepada 721 km2 (+9.4%) pada tahun 1974 dan 2004. Nilai P dalam ujian Mann-Kendall menunjukkan trend yang meningkat dan menurun adalah signifikan pada aras keyakinan 99 peratus (P<0.01). Berdasarkan data luahan endapan tahunan, satu imbangan luahan endapan telah dibentuk bagi lembangan Sungai Kinta. Bagi tempoh 1961-1974 imbangan luahan endapan sebanyak 2,621,512 tan/tahun dan berkurangan bagi tempoh 1998-2006 kepada 1,428,088 tan/tahun (-46%). Berdasarkan keputusan kajian ini, faktor hujan telah mempengaruhi jumlah luahan dan luahan endapan tetapi perubahan guna tanah tidak memberi kesan signifikan dalam menyumbang kepada jumlah imbangan luahan endapan. Keadaan ini dapat dikaitkan dengan proses pemendapan yang berlaku dalam sungai dan bekas lombong yang terdapat di bahagian tengah lembangan sungai ini.

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INNOVATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERED

EMERGENCY BEACON

Chong Wen Tong, Engr, Dr.

Dept. of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya50603 KualaLumpur, [email protected]

The wind-solar hybrid energy system is designed to revolutionize the idea of stand-alone renewable energy generation systems. The renewable energy powered beacon can be placed in remote areas, i.e. forests or mountain range to assist those who are lost or in distress. The green energy powered emergency beacon comprises of an omni-direction guide-vane (ODGV), vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), a pole, a global positioning system (GPS) unit (serves as an SOS beacon), a mosquito repeller, a CCTV camera, a charging station for smartphones and a first aid kit. A vertical axis wind turbine is placed within the guide vanes to harvest wind energy. The ODGV is used to shroud the VAWT in order to improve its performance in regions where the wind speed is lower than the required velocity (self-starting speed). The top plate of the ODGV also serves as a platform to strategically position a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel to harness energy from thesun. These two renewable energy sources are useful to cover the load demand under varying weather conditions, hence improving the system’s reliability. Overall, the unique design of this Light-Glowry is such that when it emits light, it will be able to attract attention from distance. The great advantage of the invention is that it is a stand-alone, on-site clean energy generation system which does not need to be connected to the grid line. Hence, the system can be deployed anywhere without the concern for energy from the grid. During an emergency, the GPS system can be activated, alerting the local authorities of its position for immediate rescue. As an extra provision, the first aid kit is accessible within a compartment on the pole. Moreover, the unit can serve as a lighting system and as mentioned, as charging station for smartphones, laptops or tablets.

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INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT:

APPLICATION OF GIS-ASSISTED MODELLING FOR

BUKIT MERAH DAM OPERATION



Bukit Merah Dam is located in Kerian District, Perak, where its catchment is mostly located in the Larut, Matang and Selama District, Perak. Although the dam/reservoir was originally constructed to supply water for Kerian Irrigation Scheme, it currently is the main potable water source for Kerian District. Land use of the reservoir catchment is predominantly rural, agricultural based activities, and forested areas. Normally, any reservoir will face water quantity and quality problems. This study focused on the application of mathematical models to estimate the water quantity (flood hydrographs) and sediment yield (water quantity and storage problems) contributed by the catchment area to the dam reservoir using HEC-HMS and SWAT respectively. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were utilized for both modellings. This exercise was conducted as an attempt to bridge the gap between the technical and scientific facts and decision making process to ensure sustainable managment of the reservoir and dam. Each model underwent the calibration and validation processes. Simulations for proposed 2015 land use and 20% increase of Curve Number (CN) values throughout the study area scenarios were conducted using the calibrated parameters. Results from the simulations using proposed 2015 land use showed an increase of peak flow by 4.7% and sediment yield by 54.86% at Pondok Tanjung. Whereas, results of simulation using the 20% increase of CN values showed an increase of peak flow by 20.48% and sediment yield by 80.88%. The results indicated that the proposed land use for year 2015 was suitable in term of flow but not for the sediment yield. Since more than 35% of the catchment areas are alienated lands, management of the catchment area requires coordinated effort to ensure the sustainability of the water resources and longevity of Bukit Merah Reservoir. This can be done by applying the Integrated River Basin Management concept. This study approach can be adopted to assist decision making. Establishment of Decision Support System can definitely enhance the Bukit Merah Dam operation.

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INVESTIGATION OF PAST CLIMATE,

HYDROLOGICAL REGIME AND CHANGING WATER

POLLUTION HISTORY USING THE DEPOSITED

SEDIMENT RECORD IN RESERVOIR: A CASE OF

TASIK MERAH AND ITS CATCHMENT AREA, PERAK

Wan Ruslan Bin Ismail


To investigate methods of differentiating sediment sources and processes governing suspended sediment transport, To reconstruct past climate history of climate change based on preserved record in the lake sediment, To investigate the history of riverine pollution in river input and Tasik Merah, and to model the transport of pollutant based on past sedimentary record.

INVOLVEMENT OF THE LANOH TRIBE IN THE

TOURISM SECTOR IN LENGGONG, PERAK

Fatan Hamamah Yahaya & Liyana Syafiqah Yahaya

Pusat Pengajian Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]& [email protected]

The Lanoh tribe represents one of the clusters of communities of the Orang Asli (Aborigines) found within Lenggong, Perak. The originality of the cultural heritage, history and surrounding environment of the unique Lanoh tribe has indirectly become one of the tourism products promoted to the general public, particularly to local and international tourists. The Lanoh tribe cultural resources and tribal way of life has created interactions with various stakeholders such as government agencies, the private sector and the general public in various efforts to develop the community. Preservation of cultural elements such as economic activities, dance, festivals,

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customs, traditional games, food and crafts and architecture has attracted various parties to reach out and get to know them. Effort to highlight the cultural tourism sector in Lenggong which involved the indigenous communities especially the Lanoh tribe is carried out through planning, development and activities implemented by certain agencies such as providing public facilities, the construction of Orang Asli galleries, cultural activities carried out in the village of Orang Asli and demand for handicraft goods. Experience, knowledge and skills acquired hereditarily found on the Lanoh tribe are among the contributors to their involvement in the tourism sector. Extensive knowledge about the uses of natural resources that are used in daily life as well as the skills to produce cultural material for the tribe’s continual survival has attracted more tourists to get closer and explore the Lanoh tribe culture and indirectly involved this cluster in the tourism sector of Lenggong.

AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTING

FACTORS TO LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN

PERAK

1Shahrina Md Nordin and 2Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad

Managememt and Humanities Department1Computer and Information Science2Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750, Tronoh, Perak, [email protected]

It is a concern that eventhough there is an increasing trend in the nation wide standardized examination, Perak is still amongst the bottom in achievement when compared to other states in Malaysia. An empirical study to thoroughly examine the contributing factors to the low academic achievement in Perak was hence a necessity to be conducted to provide an empirical basis and research-based foundations for impactful recommendations for further improvement. The effort is in line with the Tenth Malaysian Plan where Malaysian government emphasizes on the education sector through its formation of six NKRA in improving the quality of the students and education. The research focused on four main dimensions which included self-efficacy of students and teachers, family’s support and perception of education, cognitive ability that includes literacy and numeracy proficiency and also socio-economic factors. A triangulation method, using quantitative and qualitative approaches, was employed to collect data from the students, teachers, school principals and parents through survey, interviews and focused group sessions.

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AN INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER PLAN FOR

DEVELOPING PULAU PANGKOR AS A NEW ECO-

TOURIST DESTINATION



The vision of Perak Amanjaya Development Plan is to enhance the socio-economic status of Perak people corresponding to the Federal Government’s development philosophy. In order to achieve this vision, Institut Darul Ridzuan is committed in playing the roles whereby IDR assists the Perak State Government in formulating development policies and initiating innovative strategies and programs with the aim of driving peace, stability and progress by focusing on the delivery of “3Qs” – Quality Opportunity, Quality Income and Quality Living. Therefore, collaboration with local and international research communities, helped IDR to gain insights into the theoretical and practical problems concerning the development in Perak State. One of the projects is to study the infrastructure and public utilities in Pulau Pangkor as vibrant tourism destination. To achieve the goal, the research is conducted regarding the infrastructure master plan for developing Pulau Pangkor as a new eco-tourism tourist destination.experience feelings of worthlessness and incompetence, and suffer higher rates of 1-2 depression and suicide. Therefore full employment should be regarded as both a moraland economic imperative.The pace of economy growth in Malaysia is increasing. The progress of its economic, social and government transformation brings Malaysia closer to achieve the Vision 2020. From the perspective of macro-economic, employment policy and its implementation are the main economics tools that can help the country policies and strategies making. Therefore, the formulation of Action Plan of full employment for Perak is one of the serious measures to overcome unemployment problems and indirectly promote for sustainable social well-being in the study area.

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JENAYAH DAN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN-

KAWASAN LUAR BANDAR NEGERI-NEGERI KEDAH,

PERAK & SELANGOR

Cheah Boon Kheng


Projek ini adalah lanjutan kepada penyelidikan mengenai jenayah dan masyarakat luar bandar di negeri Kedah antara 1900-1930an. Tujuan penyelidikan ialah untuk mengkaji perhubungan antara kongsi-kongsi gelap Melayu dan Cina dengan masyarakat masing-masing di negeri Kedah, Perak dan Selangor dalam masa penjajahan Inggeris dari tahun-tahun 1900-1941.

KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN

BANDAR-BANDAR KOLONIAL DI KAWASAN KINTA

BARAT

Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Bin Aliasak, PhD1Mohd Farid Bin Sa’ad2Siti Rahayu Binti Zakaria3Nur Lesya Firsya Binti Johaimi Ling4Mhd. Nor Bin Osman5

1, 2, 3 dan 4Fakulti Senibina, Perancangan dan Ukur5Fakulti Senilukis dan SenirekaUniversiti Teknologi Mara (Perak)Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Kajian ini merupakan kajian ekploratori yang bermatlamat untuk mengumpul semula sejarah perkembangan sosioekonomi bandar-bandar kolonial Kinta yang mempunyai hubungan dengan

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aktiviti perlombongan bijih timah dan Perkhidmatan Keretapi Lembah Kinta.Data-data kajian yang akan digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada data-data sekunder yang berbentuk data sejarah. Pemerolehan data-data ini adalah melalui pencarian di pelbagai sumber arkib dan penerbitan-penerbitan buku serta jurnal yang berkaitan dengan kajian ini. Teknik penilaian data yang akan digunakan ialah teknik kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Pendekatan ini memerlukan penilaian ke atas sumber sekunder dan sumber utama yang diperoleh menerusi temuduga terbuka di lapangan dengan menggunakan skrip soalan yang standard. Pemilihan responden adalah secara rawak di mana penyelidik akan memfokuskan kepada penduduk tempatan yang tinggal di sekitar bandar-bandar kolonial Kinta Barat.

KESAN PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN

BERBANTUKAN KOMPUTER (PPBK) TERHADAP

PENCAPAIAN MATEMATIK PELAJAR BERMASALAH

PENDENGARAN

Low Gaik See1, Chew Leong Woon2, Abdul Rahim Razalli3

1Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam,2Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik,Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak.3Fakulti Pendidikan Dan Pembangunan ManusiaUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

Kajian ini telah membangunkan Perisian PPBK “Bulatan I” sebagai bahan bantu mengajar yang menggunakan pendekatan tutorial berdasarkan Model ADDIE sebagai model reka bentuk instruksional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perisian PPBK yang dibangunkan dan membandingkan kesan kaedah PPBK yang menggunakan perisian PPBK tersebut dengan kaedah tradisional dalam topik Bulatan I. Kajian kuasi eksperimen dengan gabungan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif berbentuk merangkumkan QUAN(qual) telah dijalankan ke atas 10 orang pelajar tingkatan dua di sekolah menengah yang melaksanakan program integrasi pendidikan khas bermasalah pendengaran di negeri Perak. Data kualitatif dianalisis dan digunakan untuk menyokong dapatan kajian kuantitatif. Soal selidik penilaian perisian PPBK “Bulatan I”, ujian pencapaian matematik (ujian pra dan ujian pos), senarai semak pemerhatian dan temu bual separa berstruktur telah digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian. Data kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Pada keseluruhannya, pakar penilai memberi penilaian yang positif terhadap isi kandungan, reka bentuk interaksi, reka bentuk persembahan dan reka bentuk informasi perisian tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan PPBK telah memberi kesan positif yang

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lebih ketara kepada pelajar bermasalah pendengaran dalam pencapaian matematik berbanding kaedah P&P tradisional. Kesimpulannya, perisian PPBK ini boleh diguna pakai bagi pelajar bermasalah pendengaran yang terlibat dalam kajian ini

Kata Kunci: perisian PPBK, Model ADDIE, pelajar bermasalah pendengaran, pendidikan matematik.

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS GREEN

OFFICE ENVIRONMENT

Norafiza Mohd Hardi*, Nor Faizah Abdullah, Nawwar Sakeenah Insyirah Isyar, Nor Asmaa Arina Zakaria

* Corresponding author, Address: Faculty of Business Management, UiTM (Perak) 32610, Sri Iskandar, Perak, [email protected]

The concept of green environment is still new to Malaysian, although many green onferences, seminars and campaigns have been carried out to teach Malaysian on green environment. Green office is an environmental service for offices. The implementation of green office environment in the organization can help to reduce their burden on the environment, save money and natural resources through conservation and efficiency and help to slow down climate change. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between knowledge and perception towards green office environment among staff in Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah Perak Tengah, Seri Iskandar, Perak . The data collection methods used was through questionnaires distributed among the staff. A total of 125 staff participated in the study. The result showed that knowledge and perception of the staff have meaningful and positive relation towards green office environment. Therefore, to encourage staff as consumers to go green, a better marketing strategy should be developed by the organization to further enhance the green office environment. The organizations can start to create or apply more green office initiative such as providing recycle bins at each departments and promotes more program to create awareness on green office environment among staff.

Keywords: Knowledge towards green office environment, perceptions towards green office environment, green office concept

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON

DENGUE FEVER PREVENTION IN PERAK

Mohammad Nasir Bin Abdullah (Team Leader)StatisticsWan Nor Hazimah Binti Wan AzibFakulti Pengurusan Perniagaan, Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Matematik

Muhamad Addin Bin BurhanuddinFakulti Pengurusan Perniagaan

(Almarhum) Prof Madya Dr Mohd Fauzi Bin Mohd HarunFakulti Pengurusan Perniagaan

Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak)Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue transmitted by bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito. The study design was a cross sectional study with concerning the knowledge, attitude and practices of the dengue fever prevention among the people in Perak Tengah district, Perak. The sampling frame for this study was the residents of Perak Tengah district, Perak who were living there for at least one year. The study area were Perak Tengah District, Perak were divided into several sub area such as Bandar Universiti, Belanja, Bota Kanan, Jaya Baharu, Kampong Gajah, Kota Setia, Lambor Kanan, Lambor Kiri, Layang-layang, Pasir Panjang Ulu, Pasir Salak and Pulau Tiga. This study was undertaken from May 2012 until May 2013. The sample size after considered 10% of missing data was for case group it would be 200 respondents. The Ethical Clearance was obtained from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Research Ethics Committee. The results showed that the mean of age of the respondents was 32.60 years old with standard deviation of 14.12 years old. The age of respondents were estimated to lies between 30.64 years old and 34.36 years old with 95% confidence interval. Next, the mean incomes of the respondents in Perak Tengah district were RM2558.65 with standard deviation of RM1888.77. Based on this value, we estimated that the income of respondents in Perak Tengah district were between RM2296.68 and RM2820.42 with 95% confidence interval. On the other hand, from the distribution of gender of respondents, there were 88 out of 200 (44.0%) were male respondents and the balanced 56% were female respondents. The proportion of Malay respondents was the biggest compared to others race (Indian and Chinese) by 97.50% (198 respondents). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice for overall respondents

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were more than average. The mean total score of knowledge was 65.02 (SD=13.19) out of a possible maximum score of 100. While for attitude, the mean total score of attitude was 75.21 (SD=19.48) out of possible maximum score of 100, whereas for practice, the mean total score of practice was 61.12 (SD=24.4) out of a possible maximum score of 100. Interestingly, we found that the mean knowledge have significant difference on the variable age, location and education. Whereas, mean attitude were have significant difference on the variable location and education. Lastly, the mean practice was having significant difference only on location.

KAJIAN AWALAN CIRI-CIRI SALURAN ULU SUNGAI

PERAK



Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mengkaji beting kelikir dari segi taburan, isihan saiz dan kadar pemendapanya. Mengkaji kualiti air dan pemetaan spesies makrophyte dan populasi alga yang mengkoloni longgokan kelikir tersebut. Mengkajimakroinvertebrate bentik yang terdapat di atas longgokan kelikir tersebut. Hasil yang dijangka diperolehi ialah untuk menentukan kadar hakisan dan pemendapan di Hulu Sungai Perak.

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KAJIAN ASPEK LIMNOLOGI DAN DAYA

PENGELUARAN TASIK TEMENGGOR DAN TASIK

BERSIA, SUNGAI PERAK

Ahyaudin Bin Ali

Pusat Pengajian Sains KajihayatUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Sungai Perak mempunyai bilangan empangan yang paling tinggi sekali di Malaysia. Empangan ini terdiri dari Cenderoh, Kenering, Bersia dan Empangan Temenggor yang terletak di hulu sekali. Bahagian-bahagian sungai di hiliran Empangan Cenderoh telah pun dikaji dengan mendalam. Begitu juga dengan Empangan Kenering dan terutama sekali Cenderoh di mana kajian ke atas limnologi, daya pengeluaran dan seterusnya.

KAJIAN EKOLOGI DAN BIOLOGI POPULASI IKAN

DAN PERIKANAN DI TASIK CENDEROH DAN TASIK

KENERING, SUNGAI PERAK

Ahyaudin Bin Ali


Kajian status perikanan di Tasik Cenderoh merupakan kajian berterusan ekosistem Sungai Perak. Kajian ke atas populasi ikan lomah (Thynnichthys thynnoides) dan tengalan (Puntius Bulu) telahpun dijalankan. Walaubagaimanapun, untuk mencirikan dengan lengkap status populasi ikan dan perikanan di kawasan hulu Sungai Perak kajian berterusan haruslah diteruskan. Kajian ke atas ikan lomah menunjukkan yang populasi.

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KAJIAN EKOLOGI TUNTUNG SUNGAI BATAGUR

BASKA DI SUNGAI PERAK, MALAYSIA.

Mohamed Hifni Bin Baharuddin


Kajian yang dicadangkan ini sudah tentu akan memberikan manfaat kepada semua terutama dunia sains dengan membekalkan data-data asas ekologi Batagur Baska. Kajian ini juga akan meningkatkan lagi pengetahuan penduduk tempatan tentang kepentingan pemuliharaan haiwan ini dari terus berkurangan. Dengan ini satu pendekatan yang lebih positif proses pemuliharaan dapat dijalankan dengan jayanya. Kajian ini juga akan meningkatkan lagi usaha kerajaan melindungi dan mengekalkan haiwan untuk generasi akan datang. Ianya akan juga membantu kerajaan persekutuan, kerajaan negeri dan kerajaan tempatan mengenal pastikan kawasan yang boleh diwartakan untuk pemuliharaan. Kawasan seperti ini kemudiannya boleh ditingkatkan di masa hadapan sebagai kawasan tarikan pelancungan bagi industri pelancungan.

KAJIAN KUARTENARI HULU PERAK DAN SABAH

TIMUR



Zaman kuartere bermula 2 juta tahun dahulu sehingga sekarang. Pada masa ini manusia awal muncul di beberapa bahagian dunia pada masa tertentu. Oleh kerana itulah, kajian arkeologi berkait raoat dengan kajian kuaterner. Data yang ditemui daripada tapak arkeologi menyumbang secara langsung kepada kajian zaman Kuarterner- daripada aspek manusia awal, fauna, flora dan sekitarnya pada ketika itu. Melalui kumpulan ini, CGAR boleh menyumbangkan data tentanf manusia awal (teknologi dan aktiviti), fauna, flora, iklim dan sekitaran Malaysia sejak 2 juta tahun dahulu. Secara tidak langsungnya, kajian ini akan dapar menyediakan peta taburan manusia awal,

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fauna, flora dan iklim, serta perkembangannya. Sebelum ini bukti tentang kuarterner Malaysia adalah kurang jelas kerana hanya bergantung kepada data geologi. Data arkeologi tidak digunakan secara langsung. Pengetahuan tentang kuarterer Malaysia hanya boleh diperluaskan oleh mereka yang mempunyai latarbelakang geologi dan paling utamanya telah menjalankan kajian arkeologi. Memandangkan USM adalah salah satu-satunya Universiti dalam negara ini yang mempunyai pusat penyelidikan arkeologi, maka kajian kuater di Hulu Perak dan Sabah Timur adalah sangat penting kepada negara. Kedua kawasan oni dipilih kerana hasil kajian 1987-2007 mendedahkan bukti penting Kuarter iaitu, (a) bukti tertua sekitar 100,000 tahun dahulu telah ditemui di tapak Mansuli, Kompleks Lahad Datu, Sabah Timur, b) penemuan 9 tapak terbuka di Sabah Timur, c) penemuan bukti tertua penghuni gua sekitar 46,000 tahun dahulu di Gua Samang Buat pada kedalaman 4 m dan d) penemuan 12 tapak terbuka di Hulu Perak, tertua sekitar 200,000 tahun dahulu. Secara keseluruhannya, kumpulan ini akan buat pertama kalinya menghasilkan data yang lebih lengkap tentang Kuarterner Malaysia daripada segi budaya, geologi, zoology dan botani.

KAJIAN KEATAS KETIDAKSAMAAN PEMUKAAN

JALAN DI PROJEK JALAN SUNGAI DULANG/

BEREMBANG PANJANG DI DAERAH HILIR PERAK

Rosli B. Hamir

Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan AwamUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Penyelidikan ini akan memberi kefahaman yang mendalam berkenaan dengan sebab terjadinya enapan kebezaan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian ini. Kefahaman yang mendalam berkenaan hal ini akan memberi gambaran yang jelas kepada semua Jurutera Awam semasa merekabentuk kerja-kerja baikpulih dan jalan baru di kawasan bekas lombong.

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KAJIAN TABURAN LOGAM-LOGAM BERAT DI

BEBERAPA KAWASAN PERLOMBONGAN DI SERATA

NEGERI PERAK DAN KEDAH.

Tuan Besar Bin Tuan Sarif

Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan Dan Sumber MineralUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Sistem batuan-air-tanah banyak mempengaruhi unsur utama,surih & radioaktif. Unsur tersebut wujud asalnya didlm batuan samada di permukaan ataupun di bawah permukaan, yg mana apb terdedah kpd environmen kimia dan fizikal yg berlainan, maka ia akan mengurai & menghasilkan berbagai taburan unsur2 tadi mengikut pengaruh geokimia masing2. Usaha ini akan dapat mengkasilkan satu peta geokimia yang penting.

KAJIAN TAHAP KEDUA KUALITI DAN HIDUPAN AIR

DI SUNGAI PERAK

Mohamed Hifni Bin Baharuddin


Penyelidikan ini bertujuan menyelidik dan meninjau hidupan air dan menumpukan kepada aspek-aspek hidupan yang terdapat di Sungai Perak, terutama sekali ikan, udang dan tuntung. Ia adalah lanjutan daripada projek “Tinjauan Pendahuluan Kualiti dan Hidupan Air di Sungei Perak”

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KE ARAH MENCARI SATU KERANGKA TEORETIS

PERPADUAN ETNIK MENGIKUT ACUAN MALAYSIA:

KAJIAN KES NEGERI PERAK DAN KELANTAN

Salfarina Binti Abdul Gapor

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemasyarakatanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Mengukur tahap perpaduan merupakan satu usaha yang tidak mudah. Perpaduan adalah suatu entiti yang kompleks yang dipengaruhi atau dihasilkan oleh pelbagai komponen pengalaman sosial, ekonomi dan politik, serta komponen - komponen nilai, sikap , tingkah laku dan juga persepsi yang terbentuk di kalangan anggota -masyarakat. Kebanyakan penulisan yang dibentangkan mengenai keadaan masyarakat berbilang etnik, termasuk Malaysia lebih merupakan penulisan akademik yang cuba menilai keadaan dalam masyarakat berasaskan pemikiran teori tertentu, umpamanya faktor - faktor yang menjadi punca konflik etnik dan yang m empengaruhi mobilisasi kepentingan, kesedaran dan identiti etnik dalam masyarakat ( Horowitz 1985, Husin 1991, Lee 1986). Di Malaysia persoalan ketidakseimbangan agihan kekayaan dan peryertaan dalam sektor pekerjaan yang berbeza dan hubungan kuasa antara etnik telah dilihat sebagai faktor yang mewujudkan konflik dan mempengaruhi tahap perpaduan dalam masyarakat. Kerana inilah maka dari awal lagi perkongsian kuasa dan kerjasama antara etnik dan politik dan pemerintahan negara serta dasar ekonomi (DEB) telah dibentuk dan dilaksanakan seiring dengan dasar sosio - budaya lain untuk mengeratkan ikatan perpaduan. Terdapat kajian menilai kekuatan batas etnik dalm masyarakat seperti Mansor (1992) dan Mariappan (1996) yang mengkaji perhubungan etnik dengan mengukur kekuatan kepenting etnik dalam masyarakat. Kedua - dua kajian ini cuba mengukur perpaduan etnik sebagai proksi kepada tahap batas etnik yang diukur. Rumusan mereka ialah jika batas etnik tebal maka perhubungan antara etnik menurun dan sebaliknya. Bagi pembuat dasar di negara yang menpunyai masyarakat majmuk, kajian yang lebih khusus dengan menggunakan satu instrumen indeks perpaduan bagi tujuan mengukur tahap perpaduan di sebuah negara dapat menolong mereka dalam penggubahan dan pelaksanaan dasar. Di Amerika Syarikat, model kajian perpaduan berdasarkan instrumen yang dikenali sebagai Index ofvDissimilarity, Index of Exposure atau Index of Integration telah digunakan untuk mengukur tahap integrasi di peringkat institusi sekolah berdasarkan peratus interaksi yang bersifat antara etnik (Duncan, 1955, Greene & Mellow 1998). Untuk menghasilkan satu petunjuk tahap perpaduan negara yang menyeluruh, maka satu instrumen indeks perpaduan yang komprehensif meliputi komponen - komponen pengalaman, sikap. nilai, tingkah laku dan persepsi penduduk yang dapat menunjukkan tahap perpaduan dalam pelbagai aspek atau dimensi yang mempengaruhi hubungan etnik perlu dibangunkan secara sistematik. Objectives: Perpaduan merupakan satu aspek penting dalam

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kestabilan dan kemajuan sesebuah negara. Walaubagaimanapun adalah sukar untuk mengukur dan menentukan tahap perpaduan sesebuah negara kerana aspek perpaduan itu sendiri merupakan sesuatu yang abstrak. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan mencapai beberapa objektif seperti di bawah, bagi memahami tahap perpaduan antara kaum terutama tahap perpaduan di Negeri Perak dan Kelantan. Kajian ini cuba mencapai objektif - objektif berikut: 1. membina kerangka teoretis baru yang menjelaskan tentang hubungan etnik di Malaysia, 2. Menyumbang ke arah mempelbagaikan teori terkini mengenai hubungan etnik di Malaysia, 3.Membina konsep baru sebagai pemangkin anjakan paradigma dalam melihat perpaduan antara etnik di Malaysia, 4.Mengenengahkan satu kerangka teoretis dari perspektif pemikiran tempatan mengenai hubungan etnik yang hanya kini lebih dikuasai oleh sarjana - sarjana barat.

KEBUDAYAAN PALEOLITIK DI TAPAK BUKIT

BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK



Tapak Bukit Bunuh telah ditemui hasil penyelidikan geran jangka pendek ‘Projek Arkeologi Hulu Perak Jangka Pendek’ dari 1 Ogos 2000 hingga 31 Mei 2001. Penyelidikan melalui geran tersebut telah menemukan tujuh tapak Paleolitik dan tiga tapak gua di Hulu Perak. Data ini menyokong kepentingan Hulu Perak dalam meyumbangkan data prasejarah negara. Kajian kepentingan awal di Bukit Bunuh mendapati tapak ini adalah terpenting dari tujuh tapak yang ditemui kerana mendedahkan bukti Paleolitik yang terbesar dirantau ini, banyak kawasan yang masih in situ, dan kawasan ini sedang dibangunkan untuk tanaman semula kelapa sawit. Oleh itu kajian di Bukit Bunuh perlu disegerakan supaya datanya tidak hilang akibat projek tanaman semula kelapa sawit. Kajian awal mendapati tapak Bukit Bunuh adalah tapak Paleolitik terbesar di Asia Tenggara dan masih mempunyai banyak bukti in situ. Maka kajian terpeinci adn sistematik perlu dijalankan bagi menjawab persoalan tentang pentarikhan, rupabentuk paleoalam, tingkahlaku masyarakat dan juga teknologi pembuatan masyarakatnya.

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KESEDARAN DAN PENYERTAAN KOMUNITI

REMAJA: SATU ANALISIS

Mastura Jaafar dan Shuhaida Md Nor

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Penglibatan komuniti adalah salah satu kemestian bagi tujuan menjamin pemuliharaan dan pengekalan status Tapak Warisan Dunia (TWD). Kesedaran remaja terhadap nilai TWD akan meningkatkan motivasi mereka untuk menyertai program TWD pada masa hadapan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat tahap kesedaran remaja di Lembah Lenggong setelah ianya diiktirafkan oleh UNESCO sebagai TWD pada bulan Jun 2012 oleh Pusat Pengajian Komunikasi USM. Komuniti merujuk kepada penduduk yang menghuni di sekitar kawasan TWD dan memainkan peranan yang penting dalam memastikan kejayaan dan pengekalan taraf TWD yang diiktirafkan oleh United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Penyertaan komuniti dalam pengurusan tapak warisan amat signifikan dan akan memudahkan dan menjayakan proses pemuliharaan. Kesedaran tentang pengiktirafan tapak warisan dunia dapat memperkasakan remaja untuk merefleksikan dan juga membahaskan nilai-nilai warisan sejarah mereka yang menyumbang kepada pengurusan serta memelihara status TWD. Kempen ini melibatkan seramai 175 pelajar dari SMK Tan Sri Abdul Aziz, SMK Sultan Azlan Shah, and SMK Dato’ Ahmad. Kempen remaja ini direka dengan aktiviti yang “youth-friendly” seperti pertandingan fotografi yang dapat menerokai tempat-tempat sejarah di Lembah Lenggong dan pertandingan “scrapbook” yang dapat mencungkil bakat golongan remaja dan menekan keunikan Lembah Lenggong. Pada masa yang sama, borang kajian soal selidik telah diedarkan sebelum dan selepas kempen. Kajian ini mendapati golongan muda di Lembah Lenggong kekurangan kesedaran dan kesudian untuk melibatkan diri dalam program pemuliharaan Lembah Lenggong pada masa depan. Kebanyakkan komuniti remaja tidak mempunyai pengetahuan maksud TWD dan tidak dapat melihat faedah yang akan mereka perolehi selepas pengiktirafan tersebut. Tambahan pula, mereka amat kurang didedahkan dengan daya tarikan setempat yang terdapat di Lembah Lenggong. Oleh itu, kebanyakkan mereka tidak sudi untuk melibatkan diri dalam program pemuliharaan TWD ataupun memainkan peranan dalam memulihara nilai budaya dan sejarah di Lembah Lenggong. Selain itu, perkembangan kemahiran remaja dan “capacity-building” akan membantu dalam mengekalkan program pemuliharaan TWD Lembah Lenggong dengan baik pada masa depan. Untuk destinasi pelancongan yang terletak di luar bandar, penerokaan tempat-tempat yang menarik perlu ditekankan kepada remaja tempatan untuk menjadikan Lembah Lenggong sebagai daya tarikan kepada pelancong. Oleh itu, kajian ini menyarankan keperluan kepada program kesedaran yang intensif yang diorganisasikan oleh pihak kuasa tempatan dan juga pihak berkuasa untuk dijadikan satu persediaan kepada komuniti Lembah Lenggong untuk menyambut pelancong antarabangsa pada masa hadapan.

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KOMUNITI LENGGONG DAN KEUSAHAWANAN

Norziani Dahalan; Mastura Jaafar, Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi.

Pusat Pendidikan Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Keusahawanan memainkan peranan penting dalam peningkatan ekonomi negara. Kebanyakan negara membangun menggunakan media keusahawanan sebagai mekanisme untuk peningkatan taraf ekonomi penduduk luar bandar. Dari Perspektif masyarakat luar bandar keusahawanan menawarkan pelbagai peluang perniagaan untuk mencapai kualiti hidup yang lebih baik. Walau bagaimanapun dalam membangunkan usahawan luar bandar, penyertaan masyarakat dianggap sebagai faktor kritikal. Kesediaan komuniti tempatan untuk menjadi seorang usahawan telah menjadi permasalahan utama. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat sejauh manakah tahap kesediaan komuniti Lenggong terhadap keusahawanan. Satu set pemboleh ubah bebas yang terdiri dari komponen sikap ( sikap terhadap wang dan sikap memulakan perniagaan), norma sosial ( akses kepada modal dan keterikatan) dan perceived behavioural control ( kecerdasan emosi) dan Niat untuk menjadi usahawan (pemboleh ubah bersandar) telah digunakan sebagai kajian. Kaedah tinjauan telah digunakan untuk mengumpul maklumat melalui borang kaji selidik. Seramai 500 orang daripada komuniti Lenggong telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Keputusan analisis regresi menunjukkan terdapat perhubungan antara sikap memulakan perniagaan, modal, keterikatan (embeddedness) dan kecerdasan emosi adalah signifikan terhadap niat menjadi usahawan. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan sikap untuk memulakan perniagaan dan modal memainkan peranan penting kepada komuniti lenggong untuk menjadi usahawan. Selain itu, keterikatan dalam kelompok sosial juga turut menyumbang kepada niat untuk menjadi seorang usahawan. Peranan mood dalam kecerdasan emosi turut bertindak sebagai penyumbang kepada niat seseorang untuk menjadi usahawan. Kajian juga turut mendapati sikap terhadap wang bukanlah penyumbang kepada niat untuk menjadi usahawan.

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MASAKAN TRADISIONAL BERASASKAN IKAN AIR

TAWAR : UNTUK KELESTARIAN PELANCONGAN DI

LEMBAH LENGGONG, PERAK

Norsuhana Abdul Hamid & Farhana Che Dah

Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Makanan dan pelancongan sering disatukan dalam perkembangan bidang perlancongan kulinari serta turut menjadi salah satu produk pelancongan di Malaysia. Kepelbagaian spesies ikan air tawar di Lembah Lenggong, Perak menyumbangkan pelbagai masakan tradisional berasaskan ikan air tawar. Kajian komposisi nutrien yang terdiri daripada kandungan proksimat (air, abu, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat) dan asid lemak dalam lima jenis masakan tradisional ikan air tawar (masak pindang, bakar cicah air kerabu, masak asam, masak tempoyak dan masak lemak cili api), mendapati ikan Loma (Thynnichthys thynnoides) masak asam, rendah kandungan lemak (1.41 % ) tinggi kandungan asid lemak poli tak tepu (PUFA) iaitu 25.13% Peratusan asid lemak omega 3 adalah tinggi iaitu 10.19% yang mana peratusan utamanya disumbangkan oleh asid lemak alfa-linolenik (ALA) iaitu berjumlah 6.43%. Nisbah omega 3 kepada omega 6 dan nisbah PUFA kepada SFA, masakan ini juga didapati bertepatan seperti mana yang disarankan iaitu masing-masing 1.55 dan 0.55. Kesimpulannya, Loma masak asam mempunyai nilai nutrien yang baik serta perlu dipopularkan sebagai salah satu jenama pelancongan kulinari yang lestari di Lembah Lenggong, Perak.

KRAF ANYAMAN MENGKUANG; ANTARA TRADISI

YANG DITINGGALKAN DAN POTENSI KELESTARIAN

Sakinah Abu Bakar, Nazirah Md Yusof dan Melissa Edward


Kraf tangan dan apa-apa jua barangan kesenian mencerminkan budaya sesuatu bangsa. Kraf Malaysia mencerminkan budaya Malaysia. Potensi kraf tangan sebagai industri boleh

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memberikan pulangan yang baik di samping menghidupkan warisan kraf Malaysia. Industri kraf tangan berpotensi tinggi untuk menjana pendapatan. Industri sering dikaitkan dengan teknologi namun tanpa disedari industri yang bermula secara kecil-kecilan dan diusahakan secara tradisional mempunyai teknologinya yang tersendiri dan masih mampu mengekalkan keaslian dan keunikannya. Kekangan yang membantutkan industri kecil ini wajar ditumpukan kepada persoalan minat, sikap dan kesedaran; soal modal, tenaga mahir dan teknologi dapat diselesaikan secara berperingkat dan sistematik. Sambutan yang agak menggalakkan daripada para pelancong dalam dan luar negara terhadap barangan kraf seharusnya diberi perhatian serius dan dapat dianggap sebagai suatu kekuatan.

MECHANICAL MOULDING PROPERTIES OF TAILING

SAND-CLAY MIXTURE FROM BATU GAJAH, PERAK,

MALAYSIA FOR MAKING GREENSAND CASTING

MOULD

A. Abdullah12,a , S. Sulaiman1,b, B.T.H.T. Baharudin1,c, M.K.A. Ariffin1,d, T.R.Vijayaram,3e, N.H.A.Hamid4,f1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Ungku Omar,Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi,31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

3Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET) Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, BukitBeruang, 75450, Melaka. Malaysia

4 Department of Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Sg. Lang, 45100 Sungai Air Tawar,Selangor, Malaysia.

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Tailing sand from ex-tin mine in Batu Gajah containing between 95.9 to 98.9% silica. In this research involved the process of, conducting the mechanical sieve grading to identify the size spread, plotting the grain size distribution and calculating the average grain size. Further on with the effects of controlled additions of clay (bentonite) and water and determining the working range on the mechanical moulding properties. The investigation involved comparing the mechanical properties of the tailing sand to the requirement for foundry sand applications listed by Foseco Ferrous Foundryman’s Handbook (Foseco). Permeability

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and green compression strength are the important mechanical properties and considered much in the sand casting mould preparation. These mechanical properties play a vital role in determining the allowable clay and moisture content for working range of tailing sand for making green sand casting mould. Experiments for this investigation were conducted according to American Foundrymen Society (AFS) standard of procedures. Cylindrical test pieces dimensioning of Ø50 mm×50 mm in height from various sand–water ratios bonded with 4% clay and then 8% clay, were compacted by applying three ramming blows of 6666 g each using Ridsdale-Dietert metric standard rammer. The specimens were tested for green compression strength using Ridsdale-Dietert universal sand strength machine and permeability number with Ridsdale-Dietert permeability meter. Before the tests were conducted, the moisture content was measured using moisture analyzer. Tailing sand with allowable moisture content ranging from 3 to 3.5% (bonded with 4% clay) and 5.5 to 6% (bonded with 8% clay) were found to have optimum working range with effective green compression strength and permeability.

Keywords: Tailing sand, grain size distribution, average grain size, clay and moisture content, permeability, green compression strength.

MINING ACTIVITIES IN SUNGAI TERAP, BATU

GAJAH: A HISTORICAL APPROACH (1876 – 1990)

**Mohd Sabriza Abd Rashid, * Zarlina Mohd Zamari *Johana Yusof and *Airil Haimi Adnan

* Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, UiTM (Perak)** Fakulti Senibina, Perancang dan Ukur, UiTM (Perak)Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

Tin mining which started in the 17th century Malaya, did not only change the physical landscape of various places around the country. The industry had contributed to the initial development of buildings, infrastructure, economic and social bearings of the nation. Kinta Valley, being the largest producer of tin ore in the world in the 18th Century, holds the richest historical remnants of the industry’s former glory. Sungai Terap, Batu Gajah, as one of the six main districts of Kinta Valley tin mining greatly benefited from the tin mining activities in its vicinity. Chinese, Indians and Punjabi immigrants flocked the area changing its colonized social landscape. Buildings such as schools, hospital, railways, hydropower station and trunk roads were developed to sustain the lifestyles of the miners and the locals. Active mining activities have left behind various tin-mining pits of which some are transformed into theme parks, agricultural farms and recreational

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areas. Unlike Gopeng and Kampar, historical research and compilation of documents as well as materials for mining activities in Sungai Terap areas are very limited. Thus, this study which is based on the oral history method is carried out to gather as many historical narratives as possible to reconstruct the social and economic transformations that had taken place in the chosen vicinity. Interviews were carried out with individuals who once resided or worked with companies that run various businesses related to mining. Historical documents were retrieved from The National Archives as well personal collections.

Keywords: Mining, historical narratives, transformations

MODUL PENGUKUHAN BAHASA ARAB UNTUK IMAM

Ahmad Sa’aduddin bin Haji Wahab (Ketua)

Pensyarah Akademi Pengajian Bahasa UiTM PerakKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, Malaysia

Ahmad Fauzee bin Abdullah (Ahli)Pensyarah Akademi Pengajian Islam Kontemporari (ACIS) UiTM Perak

Burhanuddin bin Haji Wahab (Ahli)Pensyarah Akademi Pengajian Bahasa UiTM Kedah

[email protected]

Jawatan imam merupakan jawatan yang dilantik oleh pihak berkuasa agama bagi menjalankan tugas-tugas tertentu di dalam kariah yang didiaminya. Pelaksanaan tugas imam bukan hanya terikat di masjid atau surau sahaja, malah imam juga turut bertugas di luar masjid atas keperluan dan jemputan ahli-ahli kariah. Kebiasaan tugasan imam adalah untuk mengetuai solat jemaah, menyampaikan khutbah dan mengadakan aktiviti-aktiviti mingguan seperti bacaan surah Yaasin, majlis tahlil, doa dan mengadakan kuliah agama. Tidak dinafikan bahawa tugasan yang dilaksanakan ini sama ada di dalam atau di luar masjid akan melibatkan penggunaan bahasa Arab. Hasil kajian yang pernah dibuat oleh pengkaji mendapati penguasaan bahasa Arab para petugas agama di negeri Perak berada di tahap yang tidak memuaskan. Manakala kajian berkaitan penyampaian khutbah mendapati berlaku kesilapan dalam mengendalikan bahasa Arab oleh para imam terutamanya dari aspek nahu dan sorof. Sehubungan itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengemukakan satu pendekatan yang sesuai sebagai panduan dan bimbingan kepada golongan ini supaya dapat menguasai bahasa Arab agar penampilan mereka lebih mendapat kepercayaan dan memudahkan mereka dalam kerja-kerja dakwah. Justeru kajian ini akan dapat menghasilkan

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satu modul latihan bahasa Arab kepada para petugas agama khususnya imam-imam di negeri Perak. Semoga kewujudan modul tersebut serta pendekatan latihan yang bersesuaian akan meningkatkan kemahiran berbahasa Arab dan keberkesanan dakwah.

MEMBINA IDENTITI JENAMA TAPAK WARISAN

DUNIA LEMBAH LENGGONG: MENILAI NILAI TERAS

MASYARAKAT SETEMPAT

Shuhaida Md Noor

Pusat Pengajian KomunikasiUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menyumbang kepada pembangunan identiti jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia Lembah Lenggong. Bagi membangunkan identiti jenama destinasi pelancongan, adalah penting untuk aspirasi dan nilai-nilai budaya pemilik jenama (contohnya: penduduk tempatan, kerajaan negeri dan kerajaan pusat) dikenalpasti pada peringkat awal supaya pembangunan destinasi pelancongan akan berasaskan kepada aspirasi dan nilai-nilai budaya tempatan dan bukannya nilai-nilai luar. Seramai 20 orang wakil masyarakat tempatan telah ditemubual untuk mendapatkan pandangan mereka mengenai perkara yang dianggap oleh mereka sebagai nilai-nilai utama yang boleh dijadikan sebagai identiti Tapak Warisan Dunia Lembah Lenggong. Antara wakil masyarakat tempatan yang ditemubual termasuklah ketua kampung, ketua puak orang asli, dan penduduk tempatan. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan, pentakrifan makna warisan bagi masyarakat tempatan Lembah Lenggong adalah kurang bertepatan dengan makna yang disarankan oleh Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Sains dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization atau singkatannya UNESCO) dalam senarai warisan dunia. Kepada pihak UNESCO, warisan merujuk kepada tinggalan arkeologi yang membantu pemahaman terhadap evolusi manusia. Manakala, kepada penduduk tempatan pula, warisan lebih merujuk kepada perkara–perkara yang relevan secara peribadi kepada mereka seperti alam semula jadi, perkara yang diwarisi daripada nenek moyang, cara hidup mereka, cerita-cerita dongeng atau mitos dan makanan. Walaupun masyarakat setempat memperakui kepentingan warisan arkeologi namun mereka masih tidak dapat mewujudkan kaitan dari segi emosi dan psikologi ke atas warisan tersebut. Ketidak setaraan tentang pentakrifan warisan akan memberikan cabaran dalam melibatkan masyarakat tempatan untuk mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti promosi, pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar tindakan diambil untuk menggalakkan hubungan emosi dan psikologi pada tahap yang lebih tinggi ke atas warisan arkeologi dalam kalangan masyarakat tempatan. Hal ini, mungkin dapat

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dilaksanakan melalui aktiviti-aktiviti yang menggalakkan masyarakat untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang kerelevanan warisan arkeologi untuk mereka pada masa kini dan juga pada masa hadapan. Pada masa yang sama, warisan bukan arkeologi yang dipandang tinggi oleh masyarakat juga perlu ditampilkan sebagai sebahagian daripada identiti jenama bagi Tapak Warisan Dunia Lembah Lenggong agar masyarakat tempatan turut serta dalam aktiviti promosi, pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan tapak warisan arkeologi.

MEMODELKAN SEMULA PALEO ALAM TAPAK

ARKEOLOGI LENGGONG, PERAK

Tarmiji Bin Masron

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemanusiaanArkeloUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Analisis saintifik semakin hari semakin memainkan peranan penting dalam penyelidikan arkeologi. Menghidupkan kembali masa silam (paloe alam) adalah satu cabaran kepada penyelidikan aekeologi dalam usaha memahami senario serta fenomena pada masa tersebut, serta perubahan yang telah dialami oleh lokasi serta masyarakat di sesuatu tapak arkeologi serta kawasan sekitarnya. Konsep vitual arkeologi buat pertama kalinya diperkenalkan oleh Paul Reilly (1990) untuk merujuk kepada penggunaan model tiga dimensi (3D) untuk menggambarkan keadaan masa silam sesuatu lokasi/tapak arkeologi. Teknologi ruangan seperti Sistem Maklumat Geogradi (GIS) boleh membantu kerja-kerja ivonteri, pemilihan, pemuliharaan dan pemodelan tapak arkeologi. Integrasi teknologi ruangan seperti GIS, sistem kedudukan global (GPS) dan penderian jauh boleh digunakan dalam membina semula zaman silam. Menurut pengetahuan terkini kebih kurang 200,000 tahun dahulu penduduk Hulu Perak merupakan penduduk terawal di Malaysia, termasuk Segenting Kra (sekarang Selatan Negara Thai). Daripada rekod pentarikhan, di dapati bahawa Lembah Lenggong merupada pusat penempatan terawal manakala di bahagian lain di Malaysia tidak dihuni sehingga ke masa yang lebih lewat. Perak Man merupakan penemuan terpenting di Lenggong Perak. Di Lenggong, muafakat saintifik telah banyak menambahkan pengetahuan prasejarah. Berdasarkan kajian geologi, sekitar 70,000-75,000 tahun dahulu, sebahagian besar Selat Melaka merupakan dataran kerana paras laut lebih kurang 50 meter lebih rendah dari sekarang. Dengan itu Lenggong lebih jauh dari pantai berbanding sekarang. Kajian persekitaran menunjukkan pada masa tersebut penduduk tinggal di pinggiran tasik yang redup oleh rimbunan pokok dan paku-pakis yang tumbuh di tebing tasik. Suhu lebih rendah berbanding suhu sekarang. Zaman paleolitik menadakan bermulanya kemunculan manusia awal di dunia dan pembuatan alat batu pertama iaitu lebih kurang 2 juta tahun dahulu. Sepanjang zaman prasejarah, terdapat

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dua kawasan utama bagi habitat manusia iaitu gua dan tapak terbuka (Zurina Majid, 2003). Sehubungan itu kajian ini akan cuba membina kembali paleo alam penting untuk memahami kewujudan dan senario prasejarah dahulu dan bagaimana alam sekitar fizikal mempengaruhi kewujudan masyarakat prasejarah di Lenggong. Objektif khusus kajian ini antaranya cuba mengenalpasti maklumat ruangan zaman silam tapak arkeologi Lenggong, perak berasaskan data dan penemuan arkeologi dan pra sejarah serta data geologi, dan setalit. Mengenalpasti petunjuk-petunjuk ruangan tapak arkeologi di Lenggong, Perak seterusnya mengsimulsi proses kewujudan dan perubahan paloe alam di Lenggong, Perak. Daripada data yang diperolehi serta simulasi yang dijalankan kewujudan serta taburan tapak arkeologi mempunyai perkaitan dalam sekitar lampau di kawasan tersebut.

MELESTARIKAN MASYARAKAT ORANG ASAL DI

KOMPLEKS HUTAN HUJAN TROPIKA BELUM-

TEMENGOR MELALUI KONSEP ECO–VILLAGE

Zalina Ismail

Pusat Pengajian Sains KesihatanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Orang Asal telah lama menjadi sasaran projek penyelidikan, perancangan pembangunan dan program pembelajaran yang bertujuan membantu mereka berintegrasi dengan masyarakat moden di Malaysia. Namun, Orang Asal masih terpinggir. Kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa kekurangan keyakinan diri dan kekurangan kebolehpercayaan kendiri adalah endemic di kalangan mereka. Sejak 2012, Universiti Sains Malaysia melalui BRAINetwork Centre for Neurocognitive Sciences [BRAINetwork], telah bekerjasama dengan Orang Asal RPS Air Banun dan Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli [JAKOA] bagi menangani masalah ini melalui kaedah neurokognitif yang memperkasakan minda serta memupuk semangat kebanggaan demi kelestarian hari muka. Kaedah neurokognitif ini diterjemahkan melalui projek eco–village yang menggunakan proses “low tech” yang senang difahami tetapi turut memberi peluang untuk berinteraksi dengan dunia“high tech”. Eco–village ini dilaksanakan mengikut garis panduan Global Ecovillage Network dan berasaskan keseimbangan diantara ekosistem manusia dan ekosistem biologi di Kompleks Hutan Hujan Tropika Belum-Temengor. Matlamat utama ialah untuk mempertengahkan Orang Asal melalui ekoturisme disamping mengekalkan khazanah biologi di Pulau Banding. Projek ekoturisme ini turut mendapat sokongan daripada Pulau Banding Foundation,MK Holdings serta Mattel Children’s Foundation,USA. Projek ini mempunyai dua komponen: 1. Penilaian kelestarian masyarakat berasaskan empat aspek:ekologi,

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sosiologi,ekonomi dan rohaniah. 2. Intervensi LIMA penjuru hasil percambahan fikiran bersama Orang Asal:nA. PusatnMinda Juara:Memanah ke arah kecemerlangan. B. Pusat Minda Bistari:Komputer untuk komuniti C. Pusat Minda Mesra: Pembelajaran berasaskan minda, D. Pusat Minda Sihat:Pertolongan cemas di perhutanan, E. Pusat Minda Prihatin: Kelestarian melalui ekologi Kesemua projek diketuai oleh Orang Asal dengan kerjasama BRAINetwork. Projek Eco–village ini mendorong Orang Asal supaya proaktif didalam menentukan masa depan mereka. Ia mempertengahkan masyarakat Orang Asal untuk membangun melalui ekoturisme di samping menggunakan teknologi sebagai sumber utama untuk mengekalkan budaya hidup mereka.

MICRO-CREDIT AND GENDER RELATIONS IN SAUK,

PERAK

Zainab Binti Wahidin,

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemasyarakatanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Micro-credit programmes have been organized to alleviate poverty among targeted groups especially women. These programmes have been developed as an alternative to commercial banking that view the poor as high risk. Micor-credit provide loans to finance income generating activities that will contribute to increases in household income. The literature on women’s participation in micro-credit programmes have identified that their participation enhances their role in household dicision-making. At the community level there is an increased awareness of women’s economic contribution thereby enhancing the recognition of women’s multiple roles. For the women themselves they gain confidence through the economic success of their business and develop a sense of a collective with their loan group partners (B. Woroniuk and J. Schalwark, SIDA Equality Prompt No. 6: Micro-Credir and Equality Between Men and Women, Nov. 1988, SIDA; www.sida.se) However the degree of gender transformation that can accure with micro-credit need to take into consideration the unequal position of women within the family. Studies conducted in Bangladesh documented that loans that a women take can be ultimately controlled by male family members. Also despite increases in income many participants report an increased overall workload, as there is no respite from their domestic responsibilities. In addition, self-employment may not be women’s first choice. A job in the formal sector; with more job security, benefits and protection may be the preferred option (A.M. Goetz and Rina Sen Gupta (1996) “Who Takes The Credit? Gender and Power in Rural Credit Programmes in Bangladesh’’, World Development, Vol. 27, No. 1, January. Also in IDS Working Paper No. 8, Sussex). Theories on

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gender empowerment have developed various indicators to bench mark best practices for gender sensitive community development intervention. Women’s capacity to make decisions within the household and the community are a critical dimension of this framework. Other indicators include women’s self esteem, their sense of collectivity as well as social support networks within the household and the community. Self-esteem is an important internal resource that is linked strongly to decision making within the private domestic sphere. For example, studies on women’s sexual health have identified that equipping women with more knowledge and information about health risks related to certain sexual practices does not necessarily translate into preventative behaviour. In AIDS prevention programs it has been identified that women who are high on the scale of self-esteem are more able to practice safe sex with their partners as opposed to women who are low on the scale. The general objectives of the research is to identify the impact of micro-credit on gender relations within the household and the community. Specifically the research objectives aim to: 1. Document the changes in work and leisure that loan recipients experience, 2. Chart the changes in household decision-making before and after the project commenced, 3. Identify the changes in men’s roles and atiitudes towards recipients as wives as well as community members. In order to meet the research objectives we will apply these research questions- 1. What are the productive and reproductive workload of micro-credit loan recipients before and after project start-up. Have they increased.? If. yes, why and if not why 2. Have women’s field of decision-making within the family expanded through their increased contribution to the family economy?, and 3. Have women’s increasing productive role in the economy translated into their increased participation in decision making at the level of the community, either in a direct or indirect manner, eg. membership in village committees, political parties, women’s masjid committee, etc.)

MITOS-LEGENDA: TARIKAN NILAI TAMBAH UNTUK

LEMBAH LENGGONG

Fatimah Hassan

Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Mitos-legenda merupakan cerita zaman dahulu yang dianggap benar, terutamanya yang mengandungi unsur-unsur konsep atau kepercayaan tentang sejarah awal kewujudan sesuatu suku bangsa, kejadian-kejadian alam, dan sebagainya. Setiap tempat memiliki mitos-legenda tersendiri dan wujud mitos-legenda yang menarik lagi dipercayai kerana ada peninggalan atau kesan yang boleh dilihat dan dijejaki. Beberapa mitos terkenal Malaysia misalnya kisah Mahsuri dan Pulau Dayang Bunting di Langkawi, Hang Tuah di Melaka, Gua Kota Gelanggi di Pahang, Puteri Santubong dan Puteri Sejinjang di Sarawak, Si Malin Kundang atau Si Tanggang dan sebagainya

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di dapati berupaya menjadi sumber tarikan tempat-tempat pelancongan berkenaan. Hal ini ada kaitannya dengan motif melancong dan ciri-ciri pelancong semasa. Artikel ini akan meneroka isu ini dan menggunakan Lembah Lenggong sebagai kawasan kajian. Lembah Leggong, suatu kawasan yang telah diiktiraf sebagai tapak warisan arkeologi dunia oleh UNESCO pada 30 Jun 2012 lalu, bukan sahaja kaya dengan warisan arkeologi tetapi turut memiliki beberapa mitos yang tersendiri. Antara mitos yang terkenal ialah kisah Gua Puteri dan Batu Gajah yang berupaya menjadi tarikan tambahan kepada Lembah Lenggong. Bagi memastikan mitos ini menjadi tarikan tambahan untuk Lembah Lenggong beberapa tindakan seperti pemeliharaan artifak serta proses mendokumentasi dan menganimasikan peristiwa wajar diberi perhatian segera oleh pihak yang berkepentingan.

NATURE TOURISM PLANNING USING RIVER-BASED

RESOURCES AND RECREATIONAL ASSESSMENT

FOR PERAK

1,3Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin and 2Ali Muhammad Ali

1Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP),Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia2Perhilitan, KM 10. Jln Cheras, 561000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia3Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, [email protected]

Rivers and stream corridors provide a variety of valuable resources including aquatic habitats for fish and other organism, riparian habitats for fish and other organism, riparian habitats for vegetation and terrestrial wildlife. They also provide potential recreational and nature tourism activities. In order to fully identify potential recreational and activities, assessment of recreation resource element should be carried out. The objective of this study was to plan for nature tourism activities using river-based resources and recreational assessment of Sungai Dinding, Manjung, Perak. Uniqueness ratio of each zone for was measured along a 7 km stretch of Sungai Dinding. The highest uniqueness ratio value was Zone 5 with the total value of 13.20. Zone 3 and 1 ranked the second and third respectively with the total value of 9.59 and 8.79. In the physical and chemical category, Zone 5 has the highest score with the value of 6.23. The highest uniqueness value scored in this area is the width of the river during low flow and bank height. Several recreational and nature tourism activities were suggested as a result of the assessment. Building of facilities such as jetties and fishing docks are proposed to enhance recreational experience to the people who want to enjoy the many activities in Sungai Dinding. This approach helps natural resource managers to plan for nature tourism activities.

Keywords: River Assessment, Recreation, Water, Mangrove, Riparian

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A NEW SPECIES OF FISSIDENS (BRYOPSIDA,

FISSIDENTACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Z. IWATSUKI 1, K.-T. YONG 2 AND T. SUZUKI

1 The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Okazaki Branch, 10-3 Mutsuna-shin-machi,Okazaki- shi, Aichi-ken 444-0846, Japan 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia3The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Shimada Branch, 6480-3 Takasago-cho, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka-ken 427-0054, [email protected]

A new moss species collected from Peninsular Malaysia, Fissidens benitotanii Z.Iwats., K.T.Yong & Tad.Suzuki is described. The species belongs to subgenus Fissidens section Fissidens. Most of the members in sect. Fissidens have smooth laminal cells, except for a few species, which included this newly described species, possess unipapillose laminal cells. Fissidens benitotanii is easily distinguished from other Fissidens species in the region by the following characteristics: narrowly lanceolate leaves with shortly excurrent costa, thin limbidia that disappear near leaf apex, and unipapillose laminal cells with distinctive sharp papilla.

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OECOPHYLLA SMARAGDINA (FORMICIDAE:

FORMICINAE) FORAGING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

FOR PREDATION AND PROTECTION: IMPROVING

PEST MANAGEMENT IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN

MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Pierre Moïse Exélis1*, Azarae, Hj Idris, Azidah Abdul. Aziz1, Norman Kamarudin2, Tsuji Kazuki3, Yamane Seiki4

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia2 Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Department of Biology; 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang Selangor3 Laboratory of Subtropical Zoology, Department of Environmental Scienses and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus. Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan, 903-02134 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan: [email protected]

Oecophylla smaragdina a generalist predator of insect pests in the tropics is commonly found in oil palm fields exhibiting polydomous nesting occupancy of massive individual forager’s abundance. Monitoring Oecophylla smaragdina from September 2010 to May 2013 in oil palm plantations was conducted to elucidate foraging activities in relation to air temperature and relative humidity. That aspect of the investigation was a prerequisite for recent study on the weaver ants’ predatory ability as a biological control agent in the district of Perak. A strong sense of territorial behavior is highly significant with major workers occupancy forming a large dense society in oil palm trees and immediate surroundings secondary territories, used for hunting purposes, in natural conditions located on the ground; and intermittent territories in the forest zone (strictly diurnal), used for hunting and the tending of homopterans. By permanent surveillance of the territories and efficient recruitment, the societies rapidly adapt to fluctuations in the quantity of prey. There is a close correlation between aggressive territoriality and predation. The Asian weaver ants exhibited a bimodal diurnal foraging circadian rhythm with two peaks: midday (12:00 h -15:00 h) and around dusk (17:30 h- 18:30 h), irrespectively during both dry and rainy seasons. Lowest nocturnal peak occurred at 01:00 h – 05:00 h. All intensively surveyed oil palm blocks gave similar results. This behavior was prevalent in peninsular and East Malaysia (Sabah/Sarawak) regardless of the seasons. Activity is regular and continuous during whole days with more diurnal intensity and lesser, much slower nocturnal movements. Similarity of the Malaysian O. smaragdina species with her African counterpart O. longinoda,

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unpredictably contrast stalwartly with same species from Australia. O. smaragdina showed a moderate positive correlation of foraging activity with increase in air temperature. However it is negatively correlated to relative humidity. The implementation of O. smaragdina is suggested to alleviate small holders’ management cost and environmentally friendlier for large commercial plantations. A more ecologically sustainable industry by adoption of natural enemies for pest management, resulting in an attenuation of loss in biodiversity, caused by forest diminution, may improve product quality and international negative perception. This report is pioneering, answering the scarcity of data on the subject in oil palm, will help a larger public awareness by diminishing skeptical interpretations of industry players to better understand the benefits gain from its gradual implementation by decision makers.

PERAK AS AN ATTRACTIVE TOURIST DESTINATION:

ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Nabsiah Abdul WahidSiti Nabiha Abdul KhalidAnees Janee AliAizzat Mohd. Nasurdin


The tourism sector is the second highest contributor to Malaysia’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As such, it is important to focus on the tourism industry in order to enhance the economic stability (revenues) of the nation. Although Perak has a variety of tourism products to offer, it has lagged behind other states in terms of number of tourists and revenues. The purpose of this article is to analyze Perak’s potential as a tourist destination and to provide recommendations on both progressive and anticipatory plans for the state government to develop and sustain Perak’s attractiveness within Malaysia tourism industry. To achieve this objective, the article is divide into three components. The first part of the paper focuses on observations made of the general tourism scene in Malaysia and the emerging trends within the industry. The overview of Perak and a SWOT analysis of Perak as a tourist destination follow suit. The article concludes with recommendations on strategic plans and actions for the state government to act upon to sustain its tourism industry and be competitive with other state.

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PERAK BRANCH CAMPUS PEAK FLOW

ATTENUATION USING INFILTRATION ENGINEERING

SYSTEMS AND STORAGE TANK AT USM



This research presented the performances for the subsurface infiltration and storage tank systems which were used to control stormwater quantity in Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Tronoh, Perak. The purposes of this study were: As a pilot research for Malaysian application (a) to study the efficiency of subsurface infiltration and storage tank to attenuate stormwater runoff, (b) to study the effectiveness and efficiency of infiltration and storage tank technique to reduce flood woes in Malaysia, (c) to analyses cost benefit of the systems and (d) to provide a sustainable environment for urban communities. Three different infiltration and storage techniques had been selected based on the surrounding soil conditions. These systems were module infiltration system, loose rock infiltration system and module storage tank system.

Data acquisition were carried out in two stages from July 2000 to March 2001 (Stage I) and from April 2001 to September 2001 (Stage II). Stage II was executed after few modifications had been made to improve system efficiency. Around 50 rainfall events were recorded and analysed. A guideline on infiltration and storage tank design for Malaysian application was produced as a part of the output of this study.

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PEMBANGUNAN METRIKS EKUITI JENAMA TAPAK

WARISAN DUNIA

Shuhaida Md Noor & Haja Mydin Abdul Kuthoos


Pengiktirafan sesebuah kawasan sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia menyebabkan mata seluruh dunia tertumpu pada kawasan tersebut bagi melihat nilai warisan yang ditonjolkan dikawasan tersebut. Aktiviti penjenamaan strategik penting bagi menghebahkan kawasan dan warisan yang diiktiraf kepada rakyat tempatan dan juga masyarakat global untuk menarik pelancong. Penjenamaan yang berkesan akan mewujudkan kesedaran, pengetahuan dan nilai tentang Tapak Warisan Dunia pada mata pemegang taruh kawasan tersebut. Oleh yang demikian, pengukuran ekuiti jenama bagi Tapak Warisan Dunia adalah suatu proses yang penting bagi menilai persepsi pemegang taruh terhadap jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia tersebut. Kajian ini meneroka kaedah pengukuran ekuiti jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia melalui metriks jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia. Pengukuran tersebut dilakukan berasaskan pengubahsuaian terhadap 27 dimensi yang dicadangkan oleh Lehmann dan rakan-rakan (2008) bagi mengukur ekuiti jenama produk. Pengukuran tersebut dijalankan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan ke atas pandangan pemegang taruh yang terpilih, iaitu seramai 100 pelancong di Tapak Warisan Dunia. Pembangunan metriks jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia melibatkan pengesahan dimensi-dimensi pengukuran ekuiti jenama destinasi Tapak Warisan Dunia menggunakan analisis faktor ke atas data yang diperolehi. Dapatan kajian ini memberikan gambar awal bahawa, bagi mengukur ekuiti jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia hanya 10 dimensi utama yang boleh digunakan daripada 27 dimensi asal iaitu dimensi Pengetahuan, Nilai, Perkhidmatan Penerimaan, Keterusan, Suasana, Warisan, Kerelevanan, Kepercayaan dan Ikatan. Daripada 10 dimensi tersebut, satu dimensi iaitu Nilai merupakan dimensi baru yang wujud setelah analisis faktor dilakukan dan dimensi Nilai ini meliputi aspek nilai secara keseluruhan. Melalui dapatan kajian ini, diharapkan agar dimensi-dimensi yang telah dikenal pasti dapat membantu pihak yang berkenaan untuk mengenal pasti kedudukan jenama Tapak Warisan Dunia pada mata pemegang taruhnya, mengenal pasti kelebihannya dan mengenal pasti dimensi yang perlu diberikan penambahbaikan.

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PEMBANGUNAN PELANCONGAN LESTARI DI FELDA

GUGUSAN TROLAK: SATU ANALISIS

FATIMAH HASSAN1 dan FAUZIAH CHE LEH2

1 Bahagian Geografi, Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, USM2 Jabatan Geografi, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, [email protected] & [email protected]

Pengertian pembangunan lestari atau mampan yang telah diterimapakai memuatkan tema sejagat yang merangkumi aspek persekitaran (environment), masa depan (futuristic) dan kesaksamaan (equity). Penekanan pembangunan lestari adalah kepada penggunaan sumber yang ada dengan bijak khususnya dalam konteks perancangan, komitmen dan penglibatan pihak pengurusan serta pihak lain yang berkaitan atau berkepentingan. Konsep kelestarian ini mengingatkan bahawa pelbagai elemen untuk pembangunan sama ada bandar, ekonomi, budaya dan sebagainya yang menjamin kesejahteraan semasa harus berterusan tanpa mengabaikan kesejahteraan generasi masa depan walaupun tuntutan dan kerenah pembangunan menjadi semakin dinamik dan luwes. Justeru itu, pembangunan pelancongan lestari yang merupakan sub-tema dalam pembangunan lestari sehingga kini masih lagi menarik perbincangan yang berterusan. Dengan berfokuskan kepada kawasan Felda Gugusan Trolak yang memiliki beberapa produk pelancongan sedia ada seperti Taman Rekreasi Air Panas Sungai Klah dan yang bakal diperkenalkan seperti Dusun Trolak, kertas kerja ini akan mengupas elemen-elemen pelancongan lestari yang bakal direalisasi dalam kawasan kajian. Antara elemen ini termasuklah keupayaan membantu meningkatkan integriti tempat berdasarkan kelebihan tempat, menjana ekonomi setempat dan memulihara alam sekitar dan kesejahteraan komuniti setempat. Kertas kerja ini turut mencadangkan beberapa langkah bagi merealisasikan pembangunan pelancongan perladangan lestari dalam usaha mempelbagaikan lagi konsep pelancongan negara serta membantu meningkatkan taraf hidup peneroka FELDA, keluarga dan generasi peneroka pada masa depan.

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PEMBANGUNAN TANAH BUKIT DAN KESAN-KESAN

KE ATAS ALAM SEKITAR: SATU KAJIAN KES DI

BUKIT BENDERA (PULAU PINANG), BUKIT LARUT

(PERAK) DAN TANAH TINGGI CAMERON (PAHANG)

Chan Ngai Weng

Pusat Pengajian Ilmu KemanusiaanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Berasakan Wawasan 2020, Malaysia berhasrat mencapai taraf sebuah negara maju berindustri menjelang tahun 2020, pembangunan pesat telah dialami di merata tempat di seluruh negara. Tidak ketinggaan juga ialah pembangunan pesat yang dirasai di kawasan-kawasan tanah bukit seperti tanahtinggi Cameron Highlands, Genting Higlands, Bukit Fraser, Bukit Bendera, Bukit Larut dan Bukit Lojing. Pembangunan tanah-tanah bukit tersebut adalah untuk pelbagai tujuan seperti pertanian, pelancongan, petempatan, perumahan dan lain-lain. Namun demikian, kawasan-kawasan tanah bukit adalah kawasan-kawasan ekologi dan semula jadi yang amat sensitif kepada perubahan. Kebanyakan kawasan-kawasan tersebut merupakan sumber hutan asli yang kaya dalam hidupan flora dan fauna tropika yang unik. Biodiversiti hutan tropika telah didokumentasikan sebagai sesuatu yang luas dan penyahutan telah mengakibatkan kehilangan biodiversiti. Penyahutanan juga telah mengubah iklim mikro hutan dan ini telah membawa kepada perubahan pola-pola hujan, suhu, angin dan lain-lain. Selain daripada kesan-kesn penyahutanan, pembangunan tanah bukit telah memusnahkan tadahan air, meningkatkan kadar hakisan tanah dan kejadian tanah runtuh, memesatkan lagi sedimentasi dalam sungai, mencemarkan air sungai dan akhirnya menyebabkan banjir di kawasan hilir sungai. Terdapat banyak contoh-contoh buruk pembangunan tanah bukit yang berlaku pada akhir-akhir ini seperti keruntuhan Highland Towers, tanah runtuh di Gua Tempurung, Pos Dipang, pencemaran air akibat penggunaan racun serangga di Cameron Highlands, dan banjir-banjir besar di Pulau Pinang. Kesemua kesan-kesan pembangunan bukit tersebut perlu didokumentasikan dan dikaitkan secara saintifik kepada pembangunan tanah bukit. Cadangan-cadangan mengatasi kemudian dapat dikemukakan supaya kesan-kesan buruk itu dapat dikurangkan dan dielakkan. Walaupun ekonomi Malaysia dijejaskan seketika (pada jangka masa pendek) oleh kelembapan ekonomi semasa, adalah dijangkakan bahawa pembangunan pesat akan terus berkembang maju pada jangka masa yang panjang. Kedua-dua proses perindustrian dan urbanisasi akan terus berkembang pesat, dan membawa tekanan tanah serta perubahan negatif pada alam sekitar kawasan bukit. Lebih-lebih lagi, kesan-kesan pembangunan tersebut berpotensi membawa kepada degradasi alam sekitar sehingga munculnya bahaya dan bencana alam. Malaysia merupakan penyokong aktif dalam Agenda 21 yang dipersetujui di Rip pada tahun 1992. Dalam hal itu, Malaysia perlu mengawal kesan-

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kesan buruk terhadap alam sekitar yang dibawa oleh pembangunan tanah bukit. Lebih-lebih lagi, tanah bukit harus diperlindungi oleh undang-undang dan berbagai lagi langkah pemulihan yang berasaskan pembangunan lestari.

PEMBENTUKAN BANDAR BERDAYA SAING: KAJIAN

KES BANDAR WARISAN TAIPING, PERAK

FATIMAH HASSAN1 DAN dan NURWATI BADARULZAMAN2

1Bahagian Geografi, Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh2Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected] , [email protected]

Taiping diwartakan sebagai Bandar Warisan pada 1997 bagi mengekalkan warisan sejarah seterusnya memberi imej serta identiti yang unik kepada bandar ini. Sebagai bandar warisan, kawasan bandar Taiping dikelaskan kepada Zon Sejarah, Zon Perdagangan, Zon Pelancongan Desa dan sebagainya. Rupa bandar warisan seperti Taiping wajar dipelihara kerana elemen estetiknya yang unik harus diwarisi oleh generasi akan datang. Namun sejauh manakah imej dan identiti bandar warisan dapat dipertahankan dalam persekitaran ekonomi yang kompetitif dan dinamik? Bagaimanakah kualiti hidup penduduk tempatan dapat ditingkatkan melalui sektor ekonomi berasaskan warisan? Bandar Warisan Taiping dikenalpasti mempunyai pelbagai potensi ekonomi. Transformasi pembangunan ke arah bandar berdaya saing (competitive city) perlu diaplikasi bagi mengukuhkan kedudukan ekonomi bandar Taiping dalam pasaran utama komersil, industri dan perkhidmatan. Bandar Taiping perlu mencapai status entiti yang kukuh kedudukan kewangannya bagi bersaing dan berpengaruh di peringkat ekonomi setempat, wilayah, mahu pun nasional. Dengan mengambil Bandar Warisan Taiping sebagai kes kajian, kertas kerja ini mengunapakai strategi pemasaran tempat (place marketing) bagi mengenalpasti aset utama dan elemen istimewa yang wujud di bandar Taiping untuk dieksploitasi bagi menilai faktor kelebihannya, seterusnya membentuk bandar berdaya saing. Kertas kerja ini menggariskan beberapa saranan bagi menambahbaik dan mencorak agenda pembangunan ekonomi yang kompetitif dan efektif bagi bandar Taiping. Ianya seiring dengan hasrat Kerajaan dalam penubuhan Wilayah Ekonomi Koridor Utara (NCER) bagi menjana pembangunan ekonomi dan pembangunan komuniti di negeri-negeri wilayah utara iaitu Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan Perak.

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PEMBINAAN SEMULA KEJADIAN BANJIR LAMPAU

DARI LAPISAN ENDAPAN DALAM SALURAN LAMA

DATARAN BANJIR SUNGAI PERAK



Banjir di sesebatang sungai akan berkurangan selepas pembinaan empangan.Kejadian banjir dikaitkan dengan keadaan iklim lampau dan kegiatan manusia zaman lampau. Rekod hidrologi digunakan untuk menganggarkan banjir dan keadaan aliran sungai. banjir sebelum wujudnya rekod hidrologi itu? Oleh rekod iklim yang jarang atau pendek, anggaran perubahan iklim dan hidrologi pada abad lampau lazimnya bergantung kepada kaedah tidal langsung iaitu berdasarkan petunjuk ‘ proxy’ - sama ada asli atau arkib manusia yang melaporkan keadaan variari iklim lampau ( Benito and Thorndycraft 2004;Benito et,al.2005). Banjir juga akan mengangkut dan memendapkan endapan di atas dataran banjir. Dataran banjir membentuk saluran lama (paleochannel) yang terbentuk akibat pembentukan likuan sungai (meander). Likuan ini akan membentuk tasik ladam di mana tasik ladam pula lama kelamaan akan ditimbus selepas beberapa kejadian banjir membentuk lapisan pasir halus dan kelodak di dalam dataran banjir boleh digunakan sebagai proksi kepada rekod lampau yang tidak direkod. Penggerekan ( Coring) bahan endapan di dalam dataran banjir dapat digunakan sebagai rekod untuk mengimbas kembali kejadian banjir lampau bermula dari tarikh pemotongan sungai dalam proses likuan. Objectives: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, 1.Sejarah kejadian banjir di Perak sebelum pembinaan empangan, 2.Menganggarkan hakisan dan pemendapan pada masa lalu hingga sekarang, 3. Membina satu kronologi perubahan iklim dan hidrologi Sg Perak.

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PENGESANAN PERUBAHAN LITUPAN BUMI

DAN GUNA TANAH PESISIRAN PANTAI DAERAH

MANJUNG

Rusamah Abdul Jalil, Kamarul’ain Kamal

Fakulti Senibina, Perancangan dan Ukur, UiTM PerakFakulti Senibina, Perancangan dan Ukur, UiTM PerakKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, MalaysiadanDr. Muhammad Radzali MispanMARDI, Serdang, [email protected]

Selaras dengan kepesatan arus perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih, sewajarnya bidang perancangan bandar di Malaysia mengaplikasi penggunaan remote sensing sebagai satu kaedah atau alat dalam memantau dan seterusnya merancang pembangunan masa hadapan aktiviti kegunaan tanah negara. Kajian ini mengaplikasi data remote sensing dalam memantau perubahan guna tanah di kawasan pesisiran pantai Daerah Manjung yang telah mengalami pembangunan yang pesat sejak kebelakangan ini. Analisis pengesanan perubahan (change detection) untuk jangka masa 12 tahun iaitu dari 1990 sehingga 2002 telah dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan iaitu secara pandangan visual dan kaedah kuantitatif. Menerusi teknik transformasi Gramm Schmidt Orthogonal dan Tesseled Cap, proses pengkelasan di kawasan kajian mendapati berlaku perubahan guna tanah dalam tempoh 12 tahun mengikut kelas-kelas tertentu. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa penggunaan imej satelit Landsat yang beresolusi rendah adalah sesuai untuk mengesan perubahan guna tanah pada skala wilayah atau daerah,sementara perincian kepada tepubina bandar lebih sesuai menggunakan imej satelit beresolusi tinggi seperti Quickbird.

Secara kesimpulannya, kajian mendapati kaedah pengesanan perubahan guna tanah adalah berfaedah dan cepat di samping dapat mengesan perubahan tersebut secara berkala, sistematik, berfaedah dan cepat di samping dapat mengesan perubahan tersebut secara berkala, sistematik, luas liputan dan terkini/real time. Sehubungan itu beberapa cadangan dikemukakan iaitu pertama, kaedah pengesanan perubahan sangat berguna untuk mengesan perubahan guna tanah, kedua penggunaan imej satelit beresolusi tinggi sangat diperlukan untuk mengesan perubahan di peringkat tempatan. Ketiga, kajian juga mencadangkan supaya pihak kerajaan Malaysia mempunyai stesen cerapan bumi dan satelit sendiri untuk mengatasi masalah kesulitan mendapatkan data imej satelit yang pada masa kini tertakluk kepada simpanan pihak Agensi Remote Sensing Negara. Peta-peta guna tanah juga dicadangkan dikemaskini secara berkala di samping menggunakan pendekatan automasi komputer dalam GIS untuk mengintegrasikan data

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dengan tepat, cekap dan pantas. Adalah dicadangkan juga supaya pihak berkuasa yang berkenaan sentiasa memantau perubahan pesisiran pantai dan muara di samping mendokumentasikan semua maklumat sebelum, semasa dan selepas pembangunan untuk mengesan aktiviti yang boleh menjejaskan kualiti alam persekitaran.

Kata kunci: Remote Sensing, Pengesanan Perubahan (change detection), GIS, Gunatanah

PENSABITAN NUSYUZ ISTERI DI MAHKAMAH

RENDAH SYARIAH IPOH PERAK

Amir Fariz bin Che Man1, (Prof. Madya Dr. Zaini bin Nasohah2, Fasahahbinti Haji Abu Mansor3)

1Pensyarah Politeknik Ungku [email protected] Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak.

2(Pensyarah Univerisiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)[email protected]

3(Guru Sekolah Kebangsaan Pasukan Polis Hutan)[email protected]

Persoalan nusyuz isteri merupakan suatu isu kritikal dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Dari aspek perundangan, isu pensabitan nusyuz isteri dilihat memerlukan penyelesaian apabila beberapa permasalahan didapati mengganggu kelancaran pengendalian kes-kes berkaitan dengannya. Permasalahan tersebut ialah kekaburan peruntukan berkaitan pensabitan nusyuz isteri dalam enakmen, prosedur tuntutan sabitan nusyuz isteri yang kurang jelas dan beban pembuktian nusyuz isteri yang berat sehingga membawa kepada penghakiman yang tidak konsisten. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisa peruntukan dan tatacara pensabitan nusyuz dalam Enakmen Keluarga Islam Negeri Perak. Kajian ini turut menganalisa sama ada penghakiman kes-kes nusyuz isteri di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Ipoh Perak dibuat secara konsisten serta selaras dengan fiqh Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan metod analisa dokumen dan metod temubual tidak berstruktur. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa peruntukan berkaitan nusyuz isteri ada dinyatakan dalam Enakmen Keluarga Islam Negeri Perak tetapi bukan khusus tentang pensabitan nusyuz sebaliknya berkaitan kesan nusyuz terhadap nafkah. Penghakiman sebaliknya berkaitan kesan nusyuz terhadap nafkah. Penghakiman untuk pensabitan nusyuz isteri pula didapati dibuat mengikut prosedur yang ketat dan bersifat berhati-hati demi memastikan

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keadilan pihak-pihak yang bertelingkah dapat ditegakkan selaras dengan fiqh Islam.

Kata kunci: Nusyuz, pensabitan, penghakiman, enakmen, tatacara.

PENGINAPAN GUA MASYARAKAT PRASEJARAH

DAN PENGUPAYANNYA SEBAGAI PRODUK

PELANCONGAN DI LENGGONG, PERAK.

Main Rindam1

1 Prof. Madya Dr. Main Rindam,

Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia.Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected].

Gua adalah tempat perlindungan manusia paling awal di dunia. Gua sebagai tempat tinggal, tempat perlindungan dan juga tempat beribadah telah disebut di dalam kitab-kitab suci baik dalam Al-Quran mahupun Injil. Gua terjadi menerusi beberapa cara seperti menerusi aktiviti hakisan, rekahan dan melalui proses pelarutan.Bagaimanapun kajian ini hanya akan memberikan fokus kepada kejadian gua menerusi proses pelarutan sahaja kerana gua jenis ini terdapat di bumi Lenggong, Perak. Sehubungan dengan itu satu kajian telah dijalankan di Lenggong, Perak mulai tahun 2011 hingga 2013 di bawah pembiayaan gran penyelidikan kluster pelancongan. Objektif kajian ialah utuk mengenengahkan gua sebagai lanskap fizikal yang boleh dinaiktaraf sebagai produk pelancongan penting kepada masyarakat tempatan dan antarabangsa selaras dengan pengikterafan Lembah Lenggong sebagai tapak warisan dunia pada tahun 2012. Hasil kajian ini mendapati gua adalah tempat penginapan paling awal dikesan di Lenggong bukan sahaja kerana di situlah tempat asal Perak Man ditemui tetapi ia merupakan bentuk muka bumi yang paling selamat untuk dihuni oleh manusia pra sejarah baik daripada ancaman haiwan buas mahupun daripada bencana alam.

Kata kunci: Gua, Geografi fizikal, Pelancongan, Arkeologi, Sejarah.

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PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING LEMBAH LENGGONG

BERASASKAN PELANCONGAN SUMBER SETEMPAT

Fatimah Hassan, Zuraini Zakaria, Norsuhana Abdul Hamid,Main Rindam, Fatan Hamamah Yahya

Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh,Universiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Lembah Lenggong telah mendapat pengiktirafan sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia oleh Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) pada 30 Jun 2012 lalu. Lembah Lenggong perlu meningkatkan daya saing kerana arus globalisasi menyebabkan persaingan antara tempat, terutama tempat pelancongan menjadi semakin sengit. Antara kaedahnya ialah dengan mengenengahkan kelebihan dan keunikan elemen yang dimiliki tempat. Usaha ini adalah sesuatu yang kritikal dan hasil kajian mendapati Lembah Lenggong ternyata mempunyai pelbagai keunikan tersendiri, selain daripada sumber arkeologi yang menyebabkan status istimewa ini diperolehi. Artikel ini membincangkan kerelevenan konsep elemen setempat dan kaitannya dengan kelebihan atribut tempat di Lembah Lenggong. Selain dari sumber arkeologi dan arkeogeologi yang sudah terkenal, kawasan Lembah Lenggong kaya dengan sumber asli (fizikal, flora & fauna), sumber budaya (kraftangan, muzik, masakan tempatan dan masyarakat Orang Asli), sumber legenda (sejarah, senibina, mistik), pelbagai sumber berasaskan air dan lain-lain. Semua aset tambahan berasaskan elemen tempat ini harus dikenal pasti, digilap dan diserlahkan dengan strategi berkesan untuk meningkatkan daya saing tempat. Moga pendedahan ini akan meningkatkan lagi daya saing Lembah Lenggong di persana dunia dan berupaya menjadi antara tarikan pelancongan utama negara dalam masa terdekat.

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PENGGUNAAN TUMBUHAN BERFAEDAH UNTUK

MENGAWAL SECARA SEMULAJADI INFESTASI ULAT

BUNGKUS (DALAM LADANG KELAPA SAWIT DI

FELDA PLANTATION, BESOUT, TROLAK, PERAK)

Che Salmah Binti Md Rawi


Background of the Project: Bagworms [Psychidae:Lepidoptera] are the major defoliator pests of oil palm [Basri and Noman, 2000]. Yield loss from bagworm defoliation ranged between 30-50% [Basri 1993, Liau and Ahmad 1993]. In recent survey carried out in FELDA Plantation Besout between 6th to 19 Feb. 2004, about 1,283 ha out of 7,714 ha of oil palm plantation were infested with bagworm at 17% infestation rate [Ahmad Rusli Yunus, Regional GM-personal communication]. The young stages or the caterpillar are destructive. They are characterized by the possession of case in which they inhabit throughout their development. The case is made of tiny leaf glued together with silk and enlarged in size as the caterpillars mature. The young caterpillars scrape the epidermis whilst the late instar make holes in the leaf. In a serious attack the oil palm leaves.

There are several species of bagworms but the major species causing outbreaks in Malaysia are Metisa plana [Walker], Pteroma pendula [Joannis] and Mahesa corbietti Tams. Primary account of bagworm outbreaaks in oil palm were caused by excessive vegetation and weed removal [Delvare and Genty 1992, Mexzon and Chinchilla 1993, Teh 1996, Siburat adn Mojiun 1998]. A wide range of weeds and understorey plants have associated with encouragement of bagworm natural enemy acitivity. When the natural enemy population is disrupted pest outbreak occur. Many of the weedy plants prolonged the life span of natural enemies. These beneficial weeds provide nectar to parasites and the preys of the predators. Teh (1996), BLRS (1997) adn Basri etal (1999 & 2001) reported that weedy plants such as Euphorbia sp. Cassia cobanensis , Agretum sp. and Turneria subulata have prolonged the longevity of parasitoids (insect parasite of the bagworms) significantly. In North Sumatra, Euphorbia prunifolia, Ageratum conyzoides and Turneria subulata were grown in oil palm estates and parasitism of M. plana between 12% to 40% by natural enemies (BLRS 1997). Ho etal. (2003) found that Euphorbia heterophylla, Antigonan leptopsus, Cassia cobanensis and Turneria subulata were the beneficial plants that have shown bioefficacy against bagworms. Norman etal, (1996, 1998) and Ho (2002) have identified the natural enemies of bagworms in Malaysia that can be utilised to suppress that population of bagworms. In this research various species fo flowering weeds will be established

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in The Besout FELDA Plantaiton which has serious problem of bagworm infestation in the oil palms. This research will attempt to use beneficial plants for natural suppression of bagworms in oil palms plantation in field conditions. It is a biological control of insect pest which has many advantages over the use of chemical insecticides. Biological control is environmentally safe-no residue, safe to non target organism, long lasting once established, cost effective and no resistance of pest to insecticides. Once suitably plant or a combination of plants found to be effective in maintaining a suitable balance of natural enemies adn bagworm control, this findings will be recommended to FELDA Plantation for management of bagworms.Objektif Projek: 1- Untuk menentukan komposisi musuh semula jadi [natural enemies of bagworms-parasites and predators] ulat bungkus dalam ladang kelapa sawit di FELDA Plantation Besout. 2- Untuk menilai bioefikasi di ladang beberapa spesies tumbuhan berfaedah untuk mengawal secara alamiah infestasi (kerosakan) keatas kelapa sawit oleh ulat bungkus di FELDA Plantation, Besout. 3- Memilih beberapa spesies atau satu spesies tumbuhan berfaedah yang berkesan untuk di cuba dalam satu blok ladang kelapa sawit di FELDA Plantation, Besout untuk mengawal letusan (outbreak) populasi ulat bungkus. 4- Mengembangkan hasil penyelidikan penggunaan musuh semula jadi untuk mengawal serangan ulat bungkus kepada pengurus ladang kelapa sawit FELDA melalui mengembangan [contoh workshop di FELDA Plantaiton Sdn. Bhd - Technology transfer].

PENGURUSAN DESTINASI PELANCONGAN

WARISAN DAN PERANAN PIHAK-PIHAK

BERKEPENTINGAN

Mastura Jaafar dan Fatimah Hasan

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Senibina dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Aset kebudayaan terutamanya di lenggong mempunyai nilai yang sangat tinggi. Setelah di iktirafkan sebagai tapak warisan dunia, pengurusan tapak warisan perlu memenuhi keperluan pengiktirafan untuk memastikan kelestarian aset-aset khazanah negara. Industri pelancongan telah menjadi industri terbesar dunia. Jumlah pelancong yang tinggi telah menjadi isu utama dalam pengurusan tapak warisan dan ianya perlu selari dengan pembangunan sosio, ekonomi dan fizikal setempat. Kebanjiran pelancong dan pekerja daripada luar akan mempengaruhi fabrik dan pembangunan setempat dan menimbulkan isu pencemaran kepada kebudayaan masyarakat setempat, perubahan habitat dan risiko kesihatan. Oleh itu pengurusan destinasi telah menjadi fokus utama kajian ini. Adalah penting untuk pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan seperti

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komuniti tempatan dan pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk mempunyai objektif ke arah memastikan pemuliharaan aset Lembah Lenggong. Kajian ini akan melihat teori yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan tapak warisan serta faktor-faktor yang perlu diambilkira seperti sejarah, kualiti pelbagai daya tarikan, komuniti tempatan, pengurusan pihak berkuasa tempatan serta akta-akta yang terlibat. Kajian ini akan menghasilkan satu model pengurusan tapak warisan yang dapat dicadangkan bagi pengurusan tapak warisan Lembah Lenggong.

PENGETAHUAN KOMUNITI SETEMPAT TENTANG

TARIKAN WARISAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG

Fatimah Hassan dan Farhana Che Dah


Tahap pengetahuan tentang tarikan tempat oleh masyarakat tempatan adalah penting dalam mentrasformasi dan memperkenal suatu destinasi sebagai tarikan pelancong. Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mengetahui tahap pengetahuan dan persepsi tentang ciri-ciri serta tarikan kawasan Lembah Lenggong daripada masyarakat setempat. Lembah Lenggong yang memiliki hasilan warisan dan arkeologi yang unik dan sangat menarik, telah diisytiharkan sebagai tapak warisan dunia pada 30 Jun 2012 oleh UNESCO, satu organisasi dunia bagi perkara-perkara berkaitan pendidikan, sains dan kebudayaan. Malangnya, dapatan daripada tinjauan ke atas 500 penduduk kawasan Lembah Lenggong menunjukkan bahawa, pengetahuan penduduk setempat tentang tarikan kawasan Lenggong adalah rendah. Kira-kira 67.8% tidak mengetahui tentang abu gunung berapi di Bukit Sapi dan 65.6% tidak pernah mengetahui Bukit Bunuh yang merupakan tapak petempatan sejak Zaman Pertengahan-Awal Pleistosen. Memandangkan pemahaman penduduk tempatan agak rendah, kertas kerja ini mencadangkan kepada pengurusan destinasi beberapa aktiviti seperti pameran warisan, lawatan tapak dan pameran bergerak untuk tindakan lanjut. Kertas kajian ini ditulis dengan niat mencetuskan perbincangan tentang isu-isu ini sebagai sebahagian daripada strategi untuk membangunkan dan meningkatkan kelebihan ciri daya saing Lenggong sebagai satu daripada destinasi pelancongan popular di dunia pada masa hadapan.

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PENYELIDIKAN SERAMIK BERASASKAN

TANAHLIAT

Radzali bin Othman

Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber MineralUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Kajian-kajian ini telah menjangkaui masa daripada awal tahun 1980’an sehingga kini. Kesemua kajian ini merupakan kajian ilmiah peringkat siswazah sarjana muda dan juga ijazah tinggi yang telah disempurnakan di Pusat Pengajian, kecuali ada dua atau tiga yang telah dilakukan sebagai kerja perundingan bagi syarikat-syarikat swasta. Kajian yang telah dilakukan termasuklah, (i) kajian mengenai penghasilan labu Sayong, Kuala Kangsar, dan Pulau Tiga, Kampung Gajah. Dalam kajian ini, penyelidik telah menginap selama 1-2 minggu dengan pengusaha labu Sayong untuk mendapatkan sejarah, amalan dan kegunaan perusahaan tersebut. Yang utama, asas sains telah dipelopori dan dikenal pasti untuk menentukan teknologi yang paling sesuai untuk menghasilkan, menghitamkan dan menguatkan labu Sayong, (ii) kajian pencirian ke atas pelbagai sumber asli (tanahliat, serisit, felspar, debu kuari, dll.) di negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan termasuklah dari Changkat Chermin, Langkap, Teluk Intan, Bidor, Gerik, Simpang Pulai, (iii) kajian seterusnya memadankan sumber-sumber ini dengan beberapa produk pembuatan seperti porselin elektrik, ubin lantai dan dinding, produk sanitari, dsb. menerusi pendekatan formulasi semula berasaskan sains, (iv) kajian perundingan ke atas sumber kaolin dan serisit di kawasan Tapah-Bidor untuk kegunaan tambah nilai, iaitu sebagai pengisi dan penyalut dalam pembuatan kertas, bagi sebuah firma bumiputera yang turut mencari dana pembiayaan daripada New Zealand, Jepun, Singapura, dsb. Penyelidik telah dilibatkan dalam perbincangan dengan pihak-pihak pelabur sebagai penasihat teknikal.

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PERLOMBONGAN TIMAH DAN PERTANIAN

SETINGGAN: EKONOMI POLITIK LEMBAH KINTA,

PERAK 1880-1980

Loh Kok Wah @ Francis

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemasyarakatanUniversiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

Penyelidikan ini akan mengkaji kemajuan yang dicapai dalam sektor perlombongan timah, kampong baru dan pertanian tunai di Lembah Kinta dan kaitannya dengan proses politik di kawasan tersebut. Ia juga dapat membantu pihak Kerajaan merumuskan dasar yang lebih berkesan.

PERNIAGAAN BERSAIZ MIKRO, KECIL DAN

SEDERHANA (PKS) DI LENGGONG

Mastura Jaafar, Norziani Dahalan dan Munira Mhd Rashid

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan dan PerancanganUniversiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

PKS telah diiktiraf sebagai tulang belakang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Lenggong, sebagai tapak pelancongan baru di Malaysia, menyediakan peluang yang luas untuk perniagaan mikro dan kecil yang baru. Pembangunan industri pelancongan bergantung kepada sokongan kewujudan PKS yang ada dalam pelbagai sektor yang berkaitan. Contoh perniagaan yang berkaitan ialah penginapan, perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman, kraf dan cenderamata, pengangkutan dan peruncitan. Kajian kuantitatif dilakukan berdasarkan bilangan dan profail PKS yang telah didaftarkan di bawah agensi-agensi kerajaan seperti Majlis Daerah Lenggong , RISDA , Mini RTC (Pusat Transformasi Luar Bandar), dan Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Produk Perikanan Lenggong. Melalui soal selidik diedarkan kepada 108 pemilik - pengurus yang mengendalikan PKS. Kajian mendapati majoriti daripada responden adalah wanita dalam umur 41 hingga 50

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tahun dan 51 hingga 60 tahun, Melayu dan terdiri daripada masyarakat setempat. Lebih separuh daripada responden mempunyai tahap minimum pendidikan di tahap menengah. Hampir 80 % daripada responden memulakan perniagaan mereka sendiri berdasarkan inisiatif mereka sendiri. Tiga alasan utama yang diberikan untuk memulakan perniagaan mereka termasuk yang mempunyai sumber pendapatan, membuat pendapatan tambahan, dan bekerja sendiri. Perniagaan tunggal merupakan jenis utama perniagaan. Majoriti telah menjalankan perniagaan mereka untuk kurang daripada 10 tahun dengan kurang daripada lima pekerja. Di samping itu, 75.9 % daripada perniagaan adalah perniagaan mikro, dan selebihnya adalah perniagaan bersaiz kecil. Kajian itu mendedahkan bahawa 31 % perniagaan di Lenggong terlibat dalam pengeluaran produk-produk makanan (seperti ikan jeruk, kek dan biskut, makanan tempatan, seperti bahulu, serunding, keropok, dodol, dan rempah) serta makanan dan minuman, peruncitan, penginapan, dan pertanian. Kewujudan PKS amat signifikan untuk meningkatkan daya saing Lenggong sebagai destinasi pelancongan dunia dan kelestariannya sebagai satu peluang menjana pendapatan di kawasan tersebut. Kajian semasa mencadangkan bahawa kerajaan tempatan perlu melihat ancaman dan kelemahan perniagaan mikro dan kecil yang akan dibangunkan di Lenggong. Kebimbangan utama yang didapati ialah masyarakat tempatan tidak bersedia untuk menerima ketibaan pelancong berdasarkan perkembangan perniagaan yang perlahan di sini. Oleh itu, pelan tindakan yang serius perlu dilaksanakan seawal mungkin. Di samping itu, kesedaran keusahawanan di kalangan masyarakat adalah asas untuk membentuk usahawan yang lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mencari peluang perniagaan baru. Sebagai destinasi luar bandar, masyarakat tempatan perlu dilatih dan dibimbing ke arah mencapai kecemerlangan dalam perniagaan, dan tanggungjawab ini perlu digalas dan dilakukan bersama oleh kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan. Ini selaras dengan pembangunan Lenggong sebagai satu tapak warisan dunia yang akan membawa nama Malaysia amnya dan Perak khususnya ke merata dunia.

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PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEUPAYAAN

PENGEMBANGAN DANA MASJID

Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Fidlizan Muhammad, Nurul Fadly Habidin,Mohammaed Tasyreef Mohamd Tarmizi (MAIP),Fakharuddin Hatta Takaijudin (JAIP)

Fakulti Pengurusan dan EkonomiUniversiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris35900 Tanjong MalimPerak , [email protected]

Masjid merupakan sebuah institusi agama yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam masyarakat Islam. Meskipun fungsi penubuhan masjid pada awalnya agak sempit iaitu sebagai sebuah tempat ibadat, namun fungsi dan kepentingannya semakin berkembang dari semasa ke semasa. Salah satu peranannya ialah membangunkan ekonomi umat Islam menerusi pengurusan sedekah, wakaf dan sebagainya. Bersumberkan sumbangan sedekah dan wakaf daripada pelbagai pihak, institusi masjid diyakini mampu untuk melaksanakan tanggungjawab dan amanah ini. Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap 4,000 orang responden di seluruh negeri Perak dengan maklum balas diterima seramai 2,337 orang (58.42 peratus). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan hampir 75 peratus daripada responden bersetuju agar dana kewangan masjid ini dikembangkan kepada aktiviti-aktiviti yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masjid dan memberi kesan berantaian yang positif kepada masyarakat. Namun begitu, dalam mengupayakan dana masjid ini, beberapa isu berkaitan pengurusan dan pentadbiran masjid juga perlu diatasi dengan segera. Isu-isu ini melibatkan ahli dan kecekapan jawatankuasa masjid yang dilantik serta perbezaan ideologi politik. Isu-isu sebegini perlu segera untuk diatasi bagi memastikan peranan institusi masjid sebagai pusat penyatuan dan kegemilangan ummah Islam dalam pelbagai ruang kehidupan dapat dicapai.

Kata Kunci: Institusi Masjid, Negeri Perak, Pentadbiran Masjid, Dana Masjid

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POTENSI DAN CABARAN MENJADIKAN MITOS

DAN LEGENDA SEBAGAI TARIKAN PELANCONGAN:

KAJIAN KES LEMBAH LENGGONG

Fatimah Hassan

Pusat Pengajian Jarak Jauh

Hamid Mohd. Isa


Setiap tempat mempunyai legenda dan mitos masing-masing. Ada mitos dan legenda yang menarik dan lebih dipercayai dan ada juga yang dilupakan oleh generasi semasa. Perspektif pemasaran dan imej destinasi mendakwa bahawa hubungkaitan dengan mitos dan legenda berupaya menambah nilai dan menjadi tarikan sampingan untuk sesuatu destinasi pelancongan. Kertas kerja ini akan meneroka isu ini dan menggunakan Lembah Lenggong sebagai kawasan kajian. Hal ini adalah kerana Lembah Leggong memiliki beberapa mitos dan legenda yang berupaya menjadi tarikan tambahan kepada lokasi yang telah diiktiraf sebagai tapak warisan dunia oleh UNESCO pada 30 Jun 2012 lalu. Antara mitos dan legenda yang diterokai dalam perbincangan ini Legenda Sumpahan Sang Kelembai seperti di Gua Badak dan Gua Puteri, Lagenda Batu Ring, Asal usul nama Lenggong. Seterusnya perbincangan diteruskan dengan perincian kisah mitoes dan legenda dalam kalangan komuniti asli masyarakat Lanoh yang juga terletak dalam Lembah Lenggong. Hasil kajian menunjukkan beberapa tindakan seperti pemeliharaan artifak serta proses mendokumentasi dan menganimasikan peristiwa wajar diberi perhatian segera agar mitos dan legenda ini kekal menjadi tarikan bagi Lembah Lenggong untuk masa depan.

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THE POTENTIAL OF LENGGONG VALLEY AS

A NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCE IN A RURAL

SETTING

Main RindamFatimah Hassan

Pusat Pengajian Jarak JauhUniversiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) have recognised Lenggong Valley as a world heritage site in 31 June 2012. Located in a remote area of Perak, Lenggong Valley, though better known as an archaeological site and being a location where millions of prehistoric man-made artefacts were buried, is actually rich in natural resources. A study was conducted to identify the potential of Lenggong Valley as a natural tourism resource in a rural setting. Four visits were made from September to November 2011 to record the natural resources found in the valley that could be considered as assets for a potential natural tourism destination. The main objective of this study is to find value-added resources based on natural resources in Lenggong Valley, in addition to valuable and popular archaeological resources. This study also intends to identify the constraints that complicate the efforts to highlight the richness of Lenggong’s natural resources. Findings of the study showed that Lenggong Valley is rich in natural resources, which could be used as additional assets in attracting more tourists to visit it. These include a meteor crater, exploring missing streams, being in limestone caves, cruising in tranquil rivers and dipping in waterfalls with green landscapes as well as the morning fog, all of which could be among some truly exciting and memorable experiences that could call for continuous visits to Lenggong Valley.

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PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE REEF CHECK ON

PULAU PANGKOR 17-18 DECEMBER 2002

Affendi Yang Amri

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Sponsored by A&L Adventure and Leisure Sdn BhdSupported by The Royal Malaysian [email protected]

Environmental changes is occurring rapidly in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Coral reefs on the west coast has yet to receive its due attention by the public if compared to its counterpart on the east coast. The waters around Pulau Pangkor has a substantial coral reef ecosystem and has the potential for sustainable ecotourism. As a result, this expedition was organised to study its coral reef status and document the level of pollution of its waters. With a co-ordinated development plan, proper waste management and sensible tourism it could make Pulau Pangkor an important marine tourist destination.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE

ENTREPRENEURIAL AND MARKETING

ORIENTATION OF BUDGET ACCOMODATION IN

PANGKOR ISLAND, MALAYSIA

Rosmanizah bt Derahman

Department of Commerce, Politeknik Ungku Omar,Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi,31400 Ipoh, Perak, [email protected]

This study aims at investigating the effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and marketing orientation (MO), promotional strategies and distribution channel towards perceived business success of chalet operators. Based on a survey on 35 SME’s chalet operators in Pangkor Island, Malaysia, the study discloses that the entrepreneurial orientation when

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accompanied with distribution channel will positively affect perceived business success. Overall independent variables explain 37% of the total variances. These findings suggest that to reach perceived business success, chalet operators should enhance its effort in entrepreneurial orientation and put more extensive distribution channel. The investigation on SME’s chalet entrepreneurs also reveals the high level of entrepreneurial and marketing orientation among them with extremely low level of promotional and distribution channel and moderate level of business success perceptive among the chalet operators. However mostly, all variables have an association to each other except for MO towards business success is insignificantly correlated. Investigation is carried out on more than 80% of the population, personally administered questionnaires has been conducted in two weeks and finally meets the objectives.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Marketing Orientation, Promotional Strategies, Distribution Channel, Perceived Business Success.

A PROTOTYPE OF EMPLOYABILITY TEST KIT FOR

MALAYSIAN GRADUATES (ET-Kit)

Shahrul Ridzuan ArshadKolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor,Bangi, Selangor.E-mail: [email protected]

Ima Shanaz WahidinUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)Seri Iskandar, Perak.E-mail: [email protected]

Nowadays, graduates face various challenges to be able to secure their future with better job opportunity upon graduation. One of the challenges is to be fluent in communicating and expressing ideas and thoughts. Employability is one of the toughest elements graduates are facing to date. Graduates must equip and prepare themselves with survival skills at workplace environment in an attempt to compete in delivering the best performance for their KPI every year. Gurvinder and Sharan (2008) identified seven elements that graduates must possess specifically English language proficiency and literacy skills, ICT skills, problem solving and adaptability skills, human skills, personal organization and time management skills, leadership skills, and also communication skills. The purpose of this study is to inspect the elements that the graduates lacking of and also to recommend the best ways to overcome the flaw. Therefore, a prototype was developed to identify and further benchmark the graduate’s competency and performance of various soft skills specifically language mastery, ICT literacy, leadership skills and others.

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Hence, this paper will present the features of the prototype in measuring graduates’ competencies prior graduation.

Keywords: prototype, employability, test, graduates.

PENGARUH PERSONALITI DESTINASI TERHADAP

PENILAIAN IMEJ JENAMA DAN NIAT UNTUK

BERTINDAK DI TAPAK PELANCONGAN ARKEOLOGI:

SATU KAJIAN TERHADAP PELANCONG DI TAPAK

WARISAN DUNIA LEMBAH LENGGONG

Shuhaida Md Noor & Pong Kok Shiong


Pengumuman Lembah Lenggong sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia pada tahun 2012 telah menjadikan pelancongan arkeologi semakin penting kepada industri pelancongan Malaysia. Dalam usaha mempromosikan tapak arkeologi sebagai destinasi pelancongan, adalah penting untuk membangunkan strategi penjenamaan dari tahap awal. Kajian ini berfokuskan kepada penggunaan konsep personaliti jenama atau dalam konteks ini personaliti destinasi untuk proses penjenamaan destinasi pelancongan arkeologi. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti dimensi personaliti yang dapat ditujukan kepada destinasi arkeologi; untuk mengenalpasti dimensi personaliti yang menyumbang kepada penilaian terhadap imej jenama destinasi arkeologi; dan untuk mengenalpasti dimensi personaliti yang menyumbang terhadap niat untuk bertindak ke atas destinasi arkeologi. Dalam kajian ini, sebanyak 320 pelancong yang melawat Galeri Arkeologi Lembah Lenggong telah dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan sebanyak 300 borang kajian soal selidik yang diisikan dengan sempurna sahaja digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa Tapak Warisan Dunia Lembah Lenggong mempunyai enam dimensi personaliti iaitu kecekapan, kecanggihan, keikhlasan, kembara (adventurous), keperihalan (demonstrability), dan keemosian. Daripada enam dimensi tersebut, empat dimensi iaitu keikhlasan, kembara, kecanggihan, dan keperihalan didapati menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap imej jenama. Manakala, lima daripada enam dimensi iaitu kecekapan, keikhlasan, kelasakan, kecanggihan, dan keperihalan pula menyumbang

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secara signifikan terhadap niat untuk bertindak (contohnya melancong dan menyokong usaha kelestarian). Dua dimensi baru yang muncul di tapak arkeologi ini iaitu keperihalan dan keemosian dianggap sebagai penyumbang terbesar terhadap perkembangan literatur pemasaran pelancongan arkeologi bagi kajian ini.

THE PROSPECTS OF TIN INDUSTRY IN PERAK: A

SWOT ANALYSIS

Sofri YahyaMuhammad Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari


From a SWOT analysis the study finds that over the past decade, Malaysia’s tin industry including Perak state has been undergoing tremendous changes. Tin which was the major pillar of the state’s economy in it heyday, lost its distinction due to a number reasons. It will face stiff competition from other countries where abundant raw material resources are readily available. Nevertheless, high productivity, advanced technology and quality of product will to a large extent determine the success of the industry in the globalised market. Increased government support for investment, incentives, a well defined policies, exploration, and development in the mining sector is needed to return Perak to prominence in tin mining. With the increasing demand of this metal, stability in its price together with correct strategies, Perak should regain its eminence as the major producer of the world’s tin as its production costs are low when compared with those of other tin-producing nations.

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R&D SAINS SOSIAL: KES BUANGAN SULTAN

ABDULLAH (PERAK) KE PULAU SYCHELLES, 1877.

Cheah Boon Kheng


Projek ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji rekod-rekod kerajaan Inggeris tentang kes Sultan Abdullah untuk menerangkan hal keadilannya.

RECREATIONAL FISHERY: FISH STOCK

ASSESSMENT OF SUNGAI PERAK: INLAND AND

RECREATIONAL FISHERY

Ahyaudin Bin Ali


The study started on July 1996, and was concentrated on water quality, primary and secondary productivity on selected sampling sites. A study on the reproductive biology of Puntioplites bulu (tengalan) and an experimental of culture river catfish, Mystus nemurus (baung) in canvas tank at USM aquaculture facility also were carried out. In the second year, study on water quality, primary and secondary productivity from two main river i.e. Sungai Sara and Sungai Singgor were done. Creel survey at selected fish landing areas and experimental fishing were also carried out. The distribution and diversity fish species in selected small streams were carried in the following year. A study on feeding habits of Poropuntius deauratus (daun) and Neolissocheilus soroides (tengas) and identification of spawing ground of fish especially P.bulu also were carried out. Further details of findings will be discussed in the attached report.

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REHABILITATION OF EXISTING WETLANDS AND

MINING PONDS AS AN ECOLOGICAL PARK AT DID’S

MECHANICAL SECTION, IPOH



In line with the implementation of the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA), the project would be a showcase for development of ex-mining ponds as stormwater facilities in Perak and throughout Malaysia. The study was a pilot project that rehabilitates the ex-mining pond into multi-functional facility, which provide recreational, water reuse and stormwater retention functions. The study area consisted of DID Mechanical Section, covering an area of 88 acres in the Kinta District, Ipoh, Perak. The study area was situated on a former ex-mining land which consisted of sandy soil and was sparsely vegetated. The main features of the site were the two ex-mining ponds, which were located in the vicinity of the buildings. There were also swampy areas along the eastern border of the site and partially extended out of the premis boundary. The existing drainage system was based on rapid disposal approach, which disposes the surface runoff to the roadside concrete drain before discharging into River Kinta via a nearby pump station. The surface runoff from the open area flowed into the two main ex-mining ponds which were connected to the River Kinta by earth drain. The ex-mining pond and the existing wetland (swampy areas) were to be rehabilitated and restored into ecological ponds with multi-functional uses. The planning and design into the restoration and rehabilitation of the ecological ponds were based on the MSMA and fulfill the requirement of water quantity and quality control. The objectives of this Study were as (a) To set-up an example and showcase of ex-mining pond rehabilitation and restoration as storm water facilities in Malaysia, (b) To study the existing hydraulic and hydrologic characteristics of existing ponds and the surrounding drainage system, (c) To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed rehabilitation and restoration works, (d) To establish the data collection system to monitor the hydraulic, hydrology and water quality parameters in the study area, (e) To carry out the cost benefit analysis for the proposed system, and (f) To establish the guideline for rehabilitation and restoration of ex-mining pond for stormwater and recreational purposes.The main components of the proposed integrated storm water, the Ex-mining pond 1, was designed as a regional pond to control both water quantity and quality from the study site and the surrounding areas. The conveyance system selected for the site was engineered waterway with features mimicking natural rivers. Stormwater runoff from the botanical garden was conveyed to the engineered waterway via swale. Further treatment of stormwater runoff was provided through a constructed wetland connected to the Ex-Mining

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Pond 1 via the engineered waterway. The existing wetland was improved to provide treatment for runoff from surrounding areas. The Ex-Mining Pond 2 was designed as a community pond to control both water quantity and quality from the study site. An automatic tidal gate was introduced at the downstream end before the runoff was discharged to Sungai Kinta. The design of the project was completely based on MSMA by providing a series of treatment train for both stormwater quantity and quality control. The entire rehabilitation project was completed in 2007, with REDAC acting as advisor to the Government. This rehabilitation project continues to provide an excellent example of stormwater management and rehabilitation throughout Malaysia.

RIVER SEDIMENT DATA COLLECTION AND

ANALYSIS



This project report consisted of three Volumes and a guideline as stated, Volume I: Main Report, Volume II: Sediment Transport Equation Assessment, Volume III: Sediment Size Distribution Curve and Guideline: River Sediment Data Collection and Analysis. The principal objectives of the Study included the following, Establishment of a sediment transport database for alluvial rivers within a range of low and high flows for a different landuse and development, (a) Establishment of relationship between flows and sediment loads for the assessment of the stability of river channel due to erosion and deposition for different type of catchment developments, and (b) establishment of relationship between flows and sediment loads for design and evaluation of new and existing flood mitigation projects. Data collections including suspended load, bed load, bed material and flow discharge had been carried out during the Study. A total of 122 sets of data were obtained for the period of September 2000 to October 2002. The study sites consisted of four rivers which were situated at Kinta River Catchment, namely Kinta River, Pari River, Raia River and Kampar River. The sites for this Study were chosen based on the following criteria, (a) natural reach: Undeveloped upper or middle reach (< 30 % Catchment Development) - Kampar River@ KM34, (b) Natural reach: Developed middle reach (> 30 % Catchment Development) - Raia River @ Kampung Tanjung and Batu Gajah, and (c) Modified reach: Developed middle reach (> 30% Catchment Development) - Kinta River@ Ipoh, Pari River @ Buntong and Manjoi. The data collection includes flow discharge, bed load, water-surface slope and bed material. Collected sediments were analysed in laboratory through various testing such as dry sieve to determine the bed material size distribution and mean sediment size (d50). Therefore, sediment

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characteristics of the studied river were determined. The evaluations for a total of 346 data sets based on median sediment size (d50) have been performed using eight commonly-used sediment transport.

RUSA (CERVUS TIMORENSIS) DAYA TARIKAN

PELANCONGAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG, PERAK

Norsuhana Abdul Hamid & Farhana Che Dah


Lenggong merupakan pusat penternakan rusa yang terbesar di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ladang Pembiak ataupun Ladang Padang Ragut, merupakan ladang rusa komersial yang menjalankan aktiviti penternaakan rusa melalui program pawah oleh Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Negeri Perak kepada ahli-ahli padang ragut. Ladang ini menghasilkan ternakan yang bermutu tinggi kerana dipantau secara terus oleh Pegawai/Pembantu Veterinar di daerah Lenggong. Terdapat enam padang ragut yang mengambil bahagian dalam memelihara rusa di daerah Lenggong iaitu Chuas, Luat, Sungai Soh, Temelong, Chepor dan Chegar Galah. Pada tahun 2011, terdapat sejumlah 2030 ekor rusa yang dipelihara di keenam-enam padang ragut tersebut. Pada masa kini, semua Ladang Padang Ragut (enam ladang) hanya menjual rusa berdasarkan bilangan sekiranya terdapat permintaan daripada masyarakat luar mahupun tempatan. Penjualan daging rusa juga tidak dilakukan oleh Ladang Padang Ragut. Masakan berasaskan daging rusa di Lenggong masih dalam tahap penggunaan masyarakat tempatan sahaja. Perkara ini hanya untuk majlis-majlis keraian sahaja seperti majlis kenduri kahwin dan meraikan orang kenamaan. Masakan tradisonal seperti rendang pedas, masak hitam, gulai patani, masak lemak dan kari merupakan antara masakan yang boleh menjadi daya tarikan pelancong. Hasil daripada kajian penilaian sensori mendapati kesemua masakan ini diterima oleh pengguna. Selain itu, masakan daging rusa yang kaya dengan nutrien seperti tinggi kandungan protein dan kurang lemak menjadikan masakan daging rusa amat berkhasiat buat pengguna. Bahan-bahan masakan yang digunakan dalam masakan daging rusa adalah seperti kunyit serta daun kunyit (Curcuma longa), serai (Cymbopogon), halia (Zingiber officinale), asam gelugor (Garnicia atroviridis ), dan daun kari (Murraya Koenigii) mempunyai nilai nutrisi yang tersendiri. Pelbagai aktiviti boleh dijalankan oleh penternak untuk menarik pelancong berkunjung ke ladang padang ragut seperti aktiviti bersama rusa seperti memberi makan rusa, mengadakan pakej “enap ladang” bersama penternak, melihat aktiviti/lakuan rusa pada waktu malam dan menyediakan aktiviti mencabar (sukan pemburuan) kepada pelancong. Dicadangkan ladang padang ragut, membuka restoran yang menyediakan pelbagai hidangan istimewa berasaskan daging rusa berkonsepkan makanan tradisi

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penduduk tempatan. Selain itu, produk hiliran yang dihasilkan daripada rusa seperti rantai kunci serta makanan sejuk beku boleh dijadikan buah tangan/oleh-oleh kepada pelancong.

SPATIAL FEATURE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN GREEN

SPACEIN IPOH CITY

Rabi’ah Bt. Ahmad

Department of Civil Engineering, Ungku Omar Premier Polytechnic,31350 Ipoh, Perak, [email protected]

Assoc. Professor Dr. Mohd Sanusi S. AhamadSchool of Civil Engineering, USM Engineering Campus,14300 Nibong Tebal, P. [email protected]

Urban green space is aimed in providing a wider range of opportunities for recreation, leisure and entertainment. It is an essential parts of urban population as it gives a pleasant and natural environment as well as improve the quality of urban life. During the last decade, there is an increase focus and awareness towards sustainability, led by therecognition of environmental degradation that is rapidly occuring andthe comprehensive incorporation of environmental preservation.It is therefore important to see the benefit of green spaces in terms of the aesthetic enjoyment and recreation activities that it provides.Such example is thecreation of a conducive living environment for residents within urban areas.The purpose of this study is to assess the green space feature attributes of Taman Dr. Seenivasagam (TDrS), one of the main recreational area within Ipoh city. The research investigates the spatial parameters and spatial attributes of existing urban green infrastructure in TDrS along with its land use components using GIS analytical capabilities. These includes physical features such aswater bodies,economical benefits; and the protection of cultural, visual, and other amenities.The infrastructure that looks into the location of TDrS and the efficiency of road network is also being assessed. The spatial data assessment performed on raster map themes is in GIS-ready format. The results display attributes of the TDrS urban green space in terms of its proximity to access roads, residential settlements, available physical features and infrastructures. Other sustainable green space spatial related issues are also compiled and displayed through the GIS spatial assessment. The result of the spatial feature extraction using GIS verifies that the location of TDrS within Ipoh city has met the criteria of urban green space.It has proventhat GIS analytical procedure is very practical in comparative evaluation and spatial feature extraction process. GIS spatial capability can help

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local authorities in monitoring environmental planning work in ensuringpolicies and guidelines are being followed.

Keywords : Green Spaces, GIS Analysis and Attribute Assessment.

SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RESIDENTS LIVING IN

GATED AND GUARDED COMMUNITY

Thuraiya Mohd¹, Muhammad Irwan Shah Hamzan2

¹ Lecturers, Department of Real Estate ManagementFaculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTMKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, Malaysia

2Executive, Group Corporate Assurance DepartmentSime Darby Property BerhadE-mail: [email protected]

National urbanization process has indirectly modernized this country. The modernization of this country has change the individual’s mentality to higher level and improve individual’s lifestyle. Nowadays, developers around the world including in Malaysia has adopted the fortress-like residential development that commonly known as Gated and Guarded Community. There were various opinions and arguments have pointed out that this housing concept has provided better living environment together with tighten safety and security measures. Thus, an empirical research has been conducted with the Ipoh Conurbation area as the case study in order to access the satisfaction level of residents living in Gated and Guarded community. Besides, this research also an attempt to recommend ways to improve the level of security and safety, social and environment, status and exclusiveness in Gated and Guarded Community. In order to achieve those objectives, data collections through perception survey were used. Structured questionnaires were distributed to gated community residents within the area of Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh in order to access their satisfaction level of living in Gated and Guarded community. Data’s from questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics. Findings of this research has shows that majority of respondents who are the residents in a Gated and Guarded Community satisfied with the overall level of the 4 main characteristics presented by their gated area i.e security and safety, social and environment, status and exclusiveness. The findings also

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shows that majority of respondents agreed with the recommendation in order to improve the level of the 4 main characteristics of gated area. Only the recommendation to adopt new concept at the gated area are obtaining least support from residents as many of them were disagreed with the suitability of the idea. In conclusion, the management body of the area must consider implementing strategic action plan in order to boost up the resident’s satisfaction level.

Keywords: Gated and guarded development, gated and guarded community, outsider, resident, satisfaction

STRATEGIES TO ATTRACT PROFESSIONAL

WORKFORCE INTO PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

Ima Shanaz Wahidin, Nordayana Zulkifli, Raja Mayang Delima Mohd Beta,Rohana Ehsan & Norlida Mohd Noor

Faculty of Business ManagementUniversiti Teknologi MARAKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, [email protected]

In realizing the significance of having sufficient professional workforce in a state to improve the state’s economy and also to produce high quality of work, efforts and initiatives are currently take place to attract these skilled and dedicated workers to deliver and perform their generic skills and services to the state respectively. The shortage of skilled workers is not only just occurred at the state and developing countries but also developed countries like the U.S. are also facing the problems in retaining and attracting skilled workers to work there. (immigrationimpact.com, 2012).

Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the key factor of recruitment the skilled and professional workers so as to further address the reason of employment of high performers for an organisation. Besides that, factors namely communicating on growth, opportunity for impact, training and career development, personal and sick leave, insurance benefits, and flexible work schedule will also efficiently result in eminence hiring. Hence, as the land of grace and developing state, Perak Darul Ridzuan is currently gearing towards on achieving a developed state status by 2015. In achieving this status, the three main objectives have been explicitly conceptualised by Perak Amanjaya namely Quality Opportunities, Quality Income, and Quality Living. However, this will involve looking for people with necessary skills whenever a job opportunity presents

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itself, improving the salary levels in the state similar to Kuala Lumpur and Penang and the creation of a peaceful, crime free as well as a pollution free environment (Aminuddin Hashim, 2011).challenge to help the state to improve on outcome and attract large investments, based on the values, principles and approaches practiced by the state. Currently, there is a lack of specific operational solutions and recommendations that Perak may adapt to its specific context to respond to this challenge. This is particularly important, as these factors are relevant towards the goal of Perak in achieving the status of a developed state status by 2015.

SUITABILITY OF ”GATED AND GUARDED

COMMUNITY” CONCEPT FOR HOUSING IN IPOH,

PERAK

Thuraiya Mohd¹, Noraini Johari¹, Rohaya Abdul Ghani1

¹ Lecturers, Department of Real Estate ManagementFaculty of Architecture, Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, Malaysia ning and Surveying, [email protected]

Today’s global modernisation has shows a tremendous development in every aspects of people’s life. With no exception towards the residential development, peoples particularly the house buyers nowadays seem to shift towards a new concept of housing development. Malaysians generally have wisely chosen a comfortable home for their family. A house is a place for protection from crime, privacy and personal comfort. They have a lot of options in choosing their place of residence. Gated and guarded area is not an exception. Hence, an empirical research has been conducted with the Ipoh Conurbation area as the case study in order to access factors influenced living in gated and guarded community. Besides, these research also an attempt to identify the suitability of the gated communities from the social impact perspective. In order to achieve those objectives, data collections through perception survey were used. Structured questionnaires were distributed to gated community residents within the area of Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh in order to obtain their perception as regards to factors influenced them living in gated and guarded community. A structured questionnaire also was distributed among open community residents within the area of gated and guarded community in order to obtain their perception towards the social impact of the development of gated and guarded concept. Data’s from questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics. The finding from this empirical research shows the main factors influenced respondent living in gated guarded community the security provided, followed by other factors which are better control and maintenance of the built environment, privacy, exclusive lifestyle and closer relationship. An overwhelming majority of respondents thought that gated communities are suitable in Ipoh although the gating may result

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in some negative social impact. The significant benefits such as improved security and better control and maintenance of the built environment gated communities negate all of its possible negative impacts as reflected in its gaining popularity.

Keywords: Gated and guarded community, social impact, resident, gated and guarded development

SCLERACTINIAN CORAL DIVERSITY OF

KEPULAUAN SEMBILAN, PERAK, MALAYSIA

LAU CM1, AFFENDI YA1, JILLIAN OLS2, YUEN YS3

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences,Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur 3Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala [email protected]

A quick survey on the diversity of scleractinian corals of Kepulauan Sembilan was done from 12-14 May, 2012. In total 8 sites were surveyed by four SCUBA divers using the free swimming observation technique lasting approximately 50-60 minutes each. Survey depth ranged from 6-23 metres. Corals were identified in situ and if in doubt, photographs and coral samples were taken and later identified using Veron & Stafford Smith (2000). The highest coral diversity was at Pulau Agas with 14 coral genera, Pulau Lalang 12 genera, Pulau Buluh 11 genera, Pulau Saga 9 genera, Pulau Nipis and White Rock 8 genera each, Pulau Rumbia 7 genera and the lowest coral diversity was at Tukun Jepun with 4 coral genera. The low diversity of scleractinian corals in this area is speculated to be due to the high stress levels present such as high bioerosion, high sedimentation, low light levels from high turbidity and possible high nutrient influx from nearby rivers and coastal development.

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STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS OF THE SEMBILAN

ISLANDS

RESULTS OF REEF CHECK SURVEYS AND RAPID

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2012

Affendi Yang Amri

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, [email protected]

Reef Check Malaysia (RCM) is part of the worldwide Reef Check network, working to conserve coral reefs. Registered as a non-profit company in 2007, RCM has since established survey, education, community and reef rehabilitation programmes. Since 2008, RCM has been working with stakeholders in Pangkor Island to improve marine resources there. Awareness and education programmes have been followed by coral reef rehabilitation efforts to improve local snorkelling sites. Success in coral reef conservation at Pangkor must consider the wider picture. The nearby Sembilan Islands are one of the last significant areas of coral reef on Malaysia?s West coast, and potentially important as a biological corridor, connecting adjacent reef areas and allowing flow of juvenile forms to repopulate damaged areas. Coral reefs at the islands are heavily impacted by development and shipping. Reef Check surveys at the Sembilan Islands show that the coral reefs are in “fair” condition. Major impacts

include over-fishing and land-based development, causing siltation. Abundance of Reef Check fish and invertebrate indicator species is low, though there are indications that populations of these key coral reef species could recover with better management. Although the surveys do not directly measure the biodiversity of the reefs, the results of Reef Check surveys and rapid assessments conducted at the same time support initial observations that the reefs around the islands do have high biological diversity value. It is recommended that a Marine Managed Area be established at the islands to protect the biodiversity and enhance aesthetic value. A flexible approach is recommended to ensure that the views and needs of all local stakeholders are taken into account at early planning stages.

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SURVEY ON AVAILABILITY OIL PALM FROND

GENERATED FROM SADC OIL PALM ESTATE IN

PERAK

Norfaryanti Kamaruddin & KamaAzira Md Basri

Institute of Tropical Foresty and Forest Products (INTROP),Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, [email protected], [email protected]

Malaysia has started planting oil palm as industrial crops since last few decades and becomes the most important commodity which contributes about RM 80.41 billion of country exports revenue in 2011 (MPOB 2012). As the world second largest producer and exporter, Malaysia’s palm oil industry leaves behind huge amount of biomass from its plantation and milling activity, way much larger as compared to other types of biomass. Oil palm biomass ranges from oil palm trunks, fronds, kernel shell, empty fruit bunches (EFB), and pressed fruit fibres. Therefore biomass from oil palm industry has potential to be converted to commercial products such as animal food, fertilizer and absorbent (Shuit et al., 2009).

Oil palm frond (OPF) is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products in Malaysia. Almost all pruned fronds are discarded in the plantation, mainly for nutrient recycling and soil conservation. Similar to EFB, frond from oil palm trees is also categorized as fibrous crop residues. Oil palm frond basically consists of petiole and leaflets (Hassan, 1994).

This study was conducted by Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia which to assess the availability of OPF generated from Perak State Agricultural Development Corporations (SADC) oil palm plantation in Perak state. The objectives were; to identify potential source of oil palm frond (OPF) from SADC plantation estates in Perak; to estimate amount of OPF generated from the estates identified; to estimate amount of OPF required in MDF and Particleboard plants nearby; and to establish a demand-supply diagram for OPF.

The project basically divided into five (5) stages as; identification and formulation of parameters, estate survey for estimation of OPF availability, industry survey (Dong Wha Fiberboards Sdn Bhd and Mieco Chipboard Sdn Bhd), laboratory experiment for Basic fiber properties, particleboard and MDF properties, and data compilation and analysis.

From the study it can be concluded that, potential supply of air-dried (20% MC) OPF from SADC plantation is 362,088 tonnes/year. Furthermore, the potential demand of OPF (Air-dried, 20% MC) by the particleboard and MDF manufacturers is between 5 - 10% of total raw material required. Based on the industry survey, the proposed buying price by industry for processed

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(chips) OPF is RM 40 - 50 per tonne (standardize unit). The study found that, the wood panel industry was very keen to use OPF as partial replacement for existing raw material. In addition, the particleboard properties from 100% OPF was found to be comparable to that of rubberwood, however it requires higher resin content.

To ensure OPF can be used in wood panel industry, its recommended the establishment of integrated OPF collection , logistics, and processing systems. Besides, OPF can be used as partial replacement (5-10%) of the existing raw material (i.e rubberwood, tropical hardwood), and finally the integrated policy and synchronization in OPF utilization. (i.e 50 for fertilizer and remaining for composites industry) are needed.

SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT BALANCE OF BUKIT

MERAH RESERVOIR, PERAK

Wan Ruslan Ismail dan SAM Najib


The pollutant load to Bukit Merah reservoir (BMR) from its catchment area were evaluated in this study. BMR is a 40 km2 man made lakelocated in the district of Kerian, Perak. BMR is divided into the north lake and the south lakeby a 4.7km railway line. The reservoir water is fed by four rivers: Kurau (323.0km2) , Merah (4.25km2), Jelutong (7.1km2) and Selarong (3.1km2), which flow through Pondok Tanjung Forest (6718 ha). The total quantity of suspended sediment inputs from all four rivers to the BMR was 55 164 t, with almost 93% of the sediment input coming from the Kurau River. The nutrient inputs to BMR in 2008 were about 77 t of phosphate, 24 t of ammonia-N, 3 t of nitrite and 47 t of nitrate. The sediment, nitrate and nitrite inputs were retained in the reservoir. In contrast, the ammonia and phosphate inputs were released from the reservoir. The percentage retention was 78%, 63% and 34% for sediment nitrate and nitrite, respectively. The percentage of release phosphate was about 178, and 25 for ammonia. This study indicates that most of the nutrients entering BMR are from non-point sources and that they are responsible for the impacts of sediment and nutrients on the receiving waterbody.

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SEDIMENT IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF

THE BUKIT MERAH RESERVOIR, PERAK, MALAYSIA

Wan Ruslan Ismail, Zullyadini A. Rahaman,Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib & Zainudin Othman

Pusat Pengajian Sains KemanusiaUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected]

In recent decades interest in suspended sediment dynamics has increased. There are many issues related to high suspended sediment concentrations, such as reservoir sedimentation, channel and harbour silting, as well as the ecological and recreational impacts of sediment management. This paper describes a study of the input and output of sediment in the small Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) in Perak, Malaysia. The reservoir

received inputs from four rivers totalling about 37 600 t year-1. More than 90% of the sediment input (approx. 35 000 t) came from the Sg. Kurau River. The average lake sedimentation rates were 0.36 mm year-1 (1995–2000) and 0.48 mm year-1 (2000–2005). The average suspended sediment concentration in the lake was between 8.6 and 13.5 mg L-1, while turbidity ranged between 5.8 and 64.1 NTU. The reservoir is slightly eutrophic, caused by the impact of sediment and nutrients on the receiving water body.

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SISTEM PENGURUSAN SERTA PEMANTAUAN

KUALITI AIR DAN KESIHATAN IKAN DI SANTUARI

IKAN KELAH DI SG ENAM TASIK TEMENGGOR,

PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

Mashhor Bin Mansor


Berdasarkan Kajian Kesesuaian Pemilihan Tapak Santuari Ikan Terancam di Tasik Temenggor, Sungai Enam telah dipilih dengan syarat lubuk yang dikenalpasti perlu diperdalam. Bagi mengurangkan kesan pepejal terampai, kaedah penambakkan lubuk yang dikenalpasti dilakukan. Selain itu pemantauan kualiti air sebelum, semasa dan selepas aktiviti penambakkan sungai perlu dipantau untuk menilai kesannya terhadap persekitaran Sungai Enam. Ini membolehkan langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil untuk mengurangkan kesan aktiviti tersebut diambil dengan segera. Secara tidak langsung aktiviti ini menyediakan latihan modal insan (human resource development) serta satu sistem pengurusan santuari secara berterusan dengan lestari. Pihak Yayasan EMKAY dengan dibantu oleh pihak USM akan membantu merealisasikan kewujudan santuari ikan terancam di Tasik Temenggor dari segi khidmat nasihat, teknikal dan latihan. Objektif (i) Menyediakan satu sistem pemantauan dan pengurusan santuari ikan Kelah di Pulau Banding Rainforest Research Center [RBRRC) dan Sungai Enam, (ii) memeriksa dan menanda stok ikan Kelah yang diperolehi di PBRRC sebelum dilepaskan ke dalam Sungai Enam, (iii) memantau kualiti air secara berkala di tangki ikan PBRRC serta tapak santuari, (iv) mengenalpasti lokasi yang sesuai untuk penanaman pokok buah-buahan hutan yang menjadi makanan semulajadi ikan seperti pokok Ara, Maris dan sebagainya [sekiranya perlu], (v) memantau kemandiran serta populasi ikan Kelah di tapak santuari, (vi) merancang dan membina bahan informasi yang berkaitan santuari ikan Kelah di PBRRC serta tapak santuari, (vii) melatih kakitangan (pelatih) yang terlibat dalam pengurusan santuari ikan Kelah secara berterusan (human resource development). Rasional Kajian dan Prosedurnya, Bagi mengekalkan kewujudan spesies ikan seperti ikan Kelah di Tasik Temenggor yang terancam kepupusannya akibat aktiviti perikanan yang melampau serta pembalakan, pembinaan santuari ikan kelah amat membantu untuk jangka masa panjang. Santuari ini akan bertindak sebagai tempat perlindungan ikan dari aktiviti-aktiviti yang memberi impak buruk tersebut di mana ikan kelah ini boleh membesar dan membiak secara semulajadi tanpa gangguan. Namun begitu, santuari ikan Kelah di Sungai Enam bertindak sebagai contoh atau model santuari dalam skala belanjawan yang kecil. Penstokan ikan Kelah secara berterusan perlu dilakukan kerana habitat ini tidak sesuai untuk ikan Kelah membiak secara semulajadi buat ketika ini. Pihak Yayasan EMKAY dengan bantuan teknikal pihak USM

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akan merealisasikan kewujudan santuari di Sungai Enam yang akan beroperasi secara rasminya seawalnya pada Mac 2009.

STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF THE PROPOSED

E-BIOHERBAL PROGRAMME IN REALISING THE

VISION OF A KNOWLEDGE STATE, KPERAK2010:

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Noornina Dahlan and Noorliza Karia

Pusat Pengajian PengurusanUniversiti Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau [email protected] , [email protected]

Malaysia is considered one of the most world’s mega biodiversity hotspot; its vast tropical rainforest with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 plant species, including thousands of herbal species. The country is blessed with medicinal and aromatic herbs that are readily available for food, health and beauty treatments. Perak Darul Ridzuan has the most potential and is the natural setting for the herbal sector to flourish. The Belum Forest in Perak is the best source for forest-based herbs; thereby providing the best source for the growth of the herbal biotechnology research. A committed, concerted effort by all relevant parties necessary in the planning, design, and implementation of a structured, integrated programme that utilizes nature’s best gift and transforms opportunities into strategic economic advantage for the State of Perak. Ultimately, via a deliberate orchestration of expert collaborations and smart partnerships, the programme, e-BioHerbal, aims to boost the knowledge and wealth of the local farmers, and to transform the local entrepreneurs into global players. The programme comprises six key projects: e-BioHerbalHub (information-sharing and e-commerce); e-BioHerbalData (database); e-BioHerbalKMS (knowledge and innovation); e-BioHerbalR&D (herbal biotechnology); e-BioHerbalFarm (herbal farming); e-BioHerbalGlobal (herbal commercialisation). This exploratory study was initiated to investigate the magnitude of the e-BioHerbal programme in the future growth of the Herbal Industry in Perak. It isenvisioned that the programme is strategically positioned as an integral part of the implementation programme for kPerak2010 ICT Startegic Blueprint and for Perak’s RMK9 Agriculture Strategic Plans.

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STRENGTHS-WEAKNESSES-OPPORTUNITIES-

THREATS ANALYSIS OF LENGGONG VALLEY

FOR NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN RURAL

SETTING

Fatimah Hassan dan Main Rindam


Lenggong Valley have been recognised as a world archaeological heritage site in 31 June 2012 by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Unknown to many, Lenggong Valley is also rich in natural resources and some features such as meteorite rock garden and Danau Toba Volcanic ashes, could prove to be potentials and opportunities for natural tourism. This paper aimed to discuss the finding of SWOT analysis on natural resources in Lenggong Valley. This SWOT analysis is based on empirical field observation and on secondary sources was carried out on the Lenggong Valley. Ecological, environmental and socio-economic factors were taken into account for the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis has shown that the unique features of the Lenggong Valley were the strength whereas absence of strict environmental management, erosion and insensitivity of the local community were found to be the weakness. Environmental education and income generation were found to be the main few opportunities. While lack of funding and political interventions were found to be the main threat. Finally, several recommendations have been identified so that the richness of Lenggong Valley could be utilized for rural development. Hopefully, experience being at a meteor crater, exploring the missing streams, being in limestone caves, cruising in tranquil river and dip in waterfalls with green landscapes and also sensing the morning fog, could be a truly exciting and memorable experience that could call for continuous visits to Lenggong Valley and for potential natural tourism destination in rural setting.

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SUMBER TUMBUHAN DAN MAKANAN TRADISIONAL

MASYARAKAT TEMPATAN DI LEMBAH LENGGONG

Zuraini ZakariaSiti Hajar Abd Aziz


Makanan tradisional merupakan salah satu produk budaya asli tempatan yang diketengahkan dan diperkenalkan terutama dari aspek pelancongan berasaskan budaya. Keunikan sesuatu budaya itu khususnya bergantung pada beberapa faktor tampak dan bukan tampak seperti bahasa, amalan, sikap, pakaian, bentuk rumah, alatan, dan makanan. Bab ini membincangkan kekayaan sumber tumbuhan semulajadi yang digunakan dalam masakan tradisional masyarakat tempatan disamping memperkenalkan beberapa jenis makanan tradisional yang terdapat di Lembah Lenggong. Budaya masyarakat tempatan di Lembah Lenggong dipengaruhi oleh budaya Patani. Satu ketika dahulu, Lembah Lenggong merupakan kawasan penduduk Patani dari Siam sebelum penjajahan British dan Komunis di Hulu Perak. Pengaruh budaya Patani dapat dilihat terutama dalam bahasa dan makanan tradisional berasal dari budaya Patani dahulu. Pengasimilasian budaya Patani dahulu dan melayu di Lembah Lenggong menghasilkan pelbagai jenis makanan tradisional yang hanya dikenali dan terdapat di Lembah Lenggong sahaja. Sumber bahan yang digunakan dalam makanan tradisional ini adalah bergantung kepada kepelbagaian sumber semulajadi flora dan fauna yang terdapat di Hutan Hujan Tropika di Lembah Lenggong. Pengenalan makanan tradisional Lembah Lenggong sebagai salah satu produk dalam pelancongan budaya dan warisan merupakan langkah yang penting dalam usaha pemuliharaan dan pemeliharaan sumber semulajadi Lembah Lenggong serta pemuliharaan makanan tradisional yang kini semakin dilupakan.

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SURVIVAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITI HIDUP

SOSIAL. KAJIAN KES DI KAWASAN GUGUSAN

FELDA TROLAK, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

Fatimah Hassan et.al


Felda sebagai salah satu agen pembangunan luar bandar di Malaysia telah membuktikan kejayaannya kepada dunia dalam meningkatkan taraf sosio-ekonomi dan kualiti hidup sosial penduduk setempat. Kini Felda menjangkau usia yang ke-56 tahun pada tahun ini, 2012. Matlamatnya sudah berjaya untuk menyediakan tanah untuk kalangan masyarakat luar bandar yang tidak mempunyai tanah sebelum ini dengan penyediaan pekerjaan dalam aktiviti pertanian yang terancang dan terkawal agar dapat dijadikan aset enonomi negara. Dengan kejayaan ini persoalan sejauh mana Felda dapat bertahan untuk tempoh jangka panjang perlu dikaji dan dilihat secara mendalam dari pelbagai perspektif. Persaingan di peringkat global dalam dunia perniagaan dan kelestarian ekonomi perlu diambil kira. Keperluan tenaga pekerja di peringkat ladang dan kelestarian aktiviti ekonomi penduduk setempat perlu dirancang dan diambil kira untuk tempoh jangka pendek dan panjang. Walaupun Felda dilihat sebagai sebuah agensi kerajaan yang berjaya meningkatkan taraf sosio-ekonomi dan kualiti hidup penduduk, namun secara realitinya masih lagi terdapat sebahagian daripada penghuninya yang ketinggalan dalam survival kehidupan disebabkan sikap dan ketiadaan daya ketahanan berdaya maju. Oleh itu suatu usaha menyeluruh perlu dilakukan bagi meningkatkan kualiti modal insan dalam kalangan penghuninya untuk menggerakkan pelbagai potensi aktiviti ekonomi yang ada di kawasan kajian. Ini termasuk penglibatan dalam industri kecil, aktiviti ekonomi sampingan dan pelancongan bercirikan ‘homestay’. Kepelbagaian potensi aktiviti ekonomi yang ada dalam konteks penawaran aktiviti ekonomi penduduk setempat secara sampingan boleh menguntungkan jika usaha yang gigih dapat diterjemahkan melalui penonjolan kawasan Felda sebagai kawasan yang berdaya saing, pro-aktif, menarik dan maju. Diyakini bahawa pelbagai potensi aktiviti ekonomi sampingan dapat dilaksanakan melalui kerjasama semua pihak bagi memenuhi agenda pembangunan ekonomi dalam fasa 50 tahun kedua akan datang yang amat bertepatan dengan waktunya ketika ini untuk dikenalpasti dan ditonjolkan identiti Felda sebagai aset negara yang dapat mencipta jenamanya yang tersendiri.

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TAPAK BUKIT BUNUH LENGGONG PERAK:

SUMBANGANNYA KEPADA KEBUDAYAAN

PALEOLITIK DUNIA



Penyelidikan arkeologi di Hulu Perak sejak 1987 oleh Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia telah meletakkan kawasan ini sebagai kawasan penting dalam kajian prasejarah negara. Antara bukti baru yang diperolehi ialah (1) Bukti tertua negara tentang aktiviti manusi awal (sekitar 300,000 tahun dahulu) ditemui di Bukit Jawa, Kg. Temelong dan Lawin, (2) bukti Neolitik (penghasilan tembikar) pertama muncul di Gua Teluk Kelawar sekitar 7000 tahun dahulu, (3) bukti Logam muncul sekitar 5,000-4,000 tahun dahulu di Gua Harimau, (4) data teknologi pembuatan alat batu Paleolitik, tembikar Neolitik dan gangsa Logam diketahui, dan (5) adaptasi sekitaran kehidupan masyarakat Paleolitik diketahui. Survei lapangan yang dilakukan dari semasa ke semasa telah menemukan banyak lagi tapak di Hulu Perak. Kajian di tapak-tapak baru ini penting dalam memperkukuhkan data-data yang telah ada dan juga mungkin menghasilkan data baru. Melalui geran IRPA Jangka Pendek ‘ Projek Arkeologi Hulu Perak - Jangka Pendek’ yang bermula pada 1 Ogos 2000 hingga 31 Oktober 2001, sebanyak 7 lagi tapak Paleolitik baru ditemui du Hulu Perak. Tapak bukit Bunuh telah dipilih antara 7 tapak baru tersebut untuk dujalankan kajian terlebih dahulu memandangkan ianya terlibat dengan projek pembangunan pertanian. Kajian wal menggunakan geran jangka pendek ini mendedahkan bahawa tapak bukit unuh adalah sebuah tapak yang masih in-situ dan mendedahkan bukti Paleolitik yang penting. Berikutan dengan itu, satu lagi geran jangla pendek khusus untuk tapak ini telah dipohon dan diluluskan mulai 15 November 2001 hingga 15 November 2002 dibawah tajuk ‘Kajian Kebudayaan Paleolitik di Tapak Bukit Bunuh, Lenggong, Perak’, yang bernilau RM18,000. Kajian menggunakan peruntukan ini telah dijalankan pada Mac-April 2002 yang lepas dan telah pun menggunakan 90% daripada peruntukan yang diberi. hasil kajian wal peringkat kedua ini mendapat bukti paleolitik yang ada di Bukit Bunuh adalah sangat penting kepada prasejarah negara ini malah juga kepada rantau ini dan di peringkat dunia. Tapak ini juga akan mempunyai impak yang besar dan luas bykan sahaja dalam displin arkeologi tetapi juga kepada displin geologi. Maka. peruntukan yang lebih besar adalah diperlukan untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih terperinci bagi membolehkan interpretasi yang lebih holistik dibuat.

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TINJAUAN PENDAHULUAN KUALITI DAN

KEHIDUPAN AIR DI SUNGEI PERAK

Mashhor Bin Mansor


Tujuan projek ini ialah untuk mendapat data kimia air Sungai Perak seperti kandungan timah, racun-racun perosak dan baja yang mengancam kualiti air untuk minuman dan pertanian. Di samping itu, projek pendahuluan ini akan mengkaji komposisi agen-agen biologi seperti ikan, serangga dan bakteria.

TOURISM PRODUCT MARKETING STRATEGY :

EXAMINING TOURIST SPENDING BEHAVIOUR OF

PANGKOR ISLAND

Rosmini Ismail, Dr. Hartini Jaafar, Khalizul Khalid,Azita Yunos @Ahmad, Fairisa Othman, Dr Marinah Awang,Dr. Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Dr. Suriani Abdul Hamid

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris35900 Tanjong MalimPerak , [email protected]

Kajian “Strategi Pemasaran Produk Pelancongan: Mengenal pasti Corak Perbelanjaan Pelancong Pulau Pangkor” merupakan satu kajian di bawah Geran Penyelidikan Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris dengan Kerjasama Kerajaan Negeri Perak.Kajian ini adalah kesinambungan kepada kajian 2011 bertajuk Penjenaamaan Semula Pulau Pangkor sebagai Destinasi Ekopelancongan melalui Kaedah Pelbagai Bidang (Rebranding Pangkor as Ecotourism Site through Multi-disciplines Approaches). Untuk itu, laporan ini turut melaporkan hasil tinjauan ke atas sebarang aktiviti penambahbaikan yang telah dilakukan berdasarkan teguran dan cadangan yang di utarakan dalam kajian 2011. Namun begitu, perlulah ditekankan bahawa tujuan utama

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kajian 2012 ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti gelagat perbelanjaan pelancong. Maklumat ini akan membantu dalam perancangan pembangunan pelancongan dan pembuatan keputusan. Selain daripada itu, kajian ini juga mengkaji beberapa faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pelancong ketika berada di Pulau Pangkor. Antaranya tempat yang dikunjungi serta kajian kepuasan pelancongan berkenaan produk pelancongan yang terdapat di Pulau ini.

Di peringkat kertas cadangan, fokus kajian ini hanya mengkhusus kepada mengkaji gelagat berbelanja pelancong dan melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perbelanjaan tersebut. Namun begitu, semasa kajian dijalankan, terdapat beberapa objektif lain dimasukkan bagi memastikan kajian ini dapat merangkumi pelbagai aspek pelancong seperti aktiviti yang dilakukan ketika berada di Pulau ini serta pandangan-pandangan yang berkaitan dengan produk pelancongan dan infrastruktur yang sedia ada.

THE USE OF MSMA FOR INTEGRATED URBAN

DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN IPOH

AND MELAKA



Floods are the most damaging natural disasters that have been haunting many parts of Malaysia. Frequent occurrences of flash flood in urban areas result in an average loss of RM 100 million a year. With the present conventional drainage system, new development means new and bigger monsoon concrete drains are required at the downstream areas. Similarly the receiving river at the downstream end will need new flood mitigation works normally involving straightening, widening and deepening of river channel that destroy the riverine and aquatic ecosystems. It is clear that study on sustainable strategy for urban stormwater management and flood prevention is needed. Therefore, two urban stormwater management projects have been selected to study the use of Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) concepts proposed by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia for Integrated Urban Drainage Management. These projects are: (1) Rekabentuk terperinci sistem saliran Maktab Perguruan Perempuan Melayu Melaka – Taman Peringgit Jaya and (2) Rehabilitation of ex-mining pond and ecologilands for integrated stormwater facilities, Ipoh. This study proved the effectiveness and potential of MSMA concepts as a sustainable strategy for integrated urban drainage management, i.e. improving water quality, reducing peak and volume of stormwater runoff at source. The

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outcome also provided a good example for integrated urban drainage management in future. This management concept is a cost effective method to the country by eliminating the need to upgrade the existing conventional drainage system by controlling the stormwater at source. The new system with environmental friendly components will minimise urban flash flood and remain in harmony with nature. Our river systems will also be saved from further destruction due to conventional flood mitigation projects.

TUMBUHAN SEMULA JADI DAN KEGUNAANNYA

DALAM KOMUNITI TEMPATAN LEMBAH LENGGONG

Zuraini ZakariaSiti Hajar


Kaji selidik botani ini telah dijalankan di 19 buah kampung di daerah Lembah Lenggong, Hulu Perak. Kajian ini tertumpu pada kepelbagaian spesis tumbuhan semulajadi (common species) yang terdapat di seluruh Lembah Lenggong. Fokus kajian diluaskan lagi dengan mengkaji kegunaan setiap spesis tumbuhan serta kebergantungan komuniti tempatan di Lembah Lenggong terhadap sumber tumbuhan semulajadi. Kajian ini telah merekod 60 spesies daripada 38 keluarga tumbuhan semulajadi utama yang jelas kelihatan di setiap 19 buah kampung di Lembah Lenggong. Bahagian tumbuhan yang menjadi kegunaan utama penduduk tempatan ialah daun, buah, pucuk, rizom, kulit kayu, bunga, akar, batang, seluruh tumbuhan dan umbut secara menurun. Melalui kajian ini, didapati kegunaan setiap spesis tumbuhan dalam kehidupan seharian hanya dimonopoli oleh golongan umur pertengahan dewasa dan golongan tua. Majoriti daripada golongan ini adalah kaum wanita. Hasil kajian menunjukkan komuniti tempatan di Lembah Lengggong ini mempunyai tahap kebergantungan yang tinggi terhadap sumber tumbuhan semulajadi kerana keperolehan dan tiada kos yang dikenakan.

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WARISAN ALAM DAN BUDAYA DENGAN MEMFOKUS

KEPADA KAWASAN UTARA SEMENANJUNG (PULAU

PINANG, PERLIS, KEDAH DAN UTARA PERAK)

Abu Talib Bin Ahmad


Penyelidikan ini bertumpu kepada kawasan utara semenanjung Malaysia dengan meliputi Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan utara Perak. Pada asalnya terdapat 42 orang ahli penyelidikan yang datangnya dari pelbagai disiplin di Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan dan di luar pusat pengajian tetapi pada peringkat akhir hanya 39 sahaja yang menyiapkan laporan akhir yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal, bab dalam buku mahupun prosiding seminar. Penyelidikan ini juga berjaya melibatkan sama pelajar siswazah yang turut membentang dan menerbitkan hasil kajian mereka. Semua penyelidik telah dipecahkan kepada 3 kumpulan utama iaitu kumpulan warisan alam semula jadi dengan tumpuan kepada manusia dan persekitarannya, kumpulan warisan budaya dan kumpulan warisan sejarah-budaya. Kumpulan ini masing-masing diketuai oleh Prof. Chan Ngai Weng, Prof Ooi Keat Gin dan Prof. Sohaimi Aziz. Tujuan utama penyelidikan ialah untuk menonjolkan keunikan kawasan utara dari segi warisan alamnya, serta warisan manusia dan warisan. Kajian juga melihat aspek kelestarian pelbagai warisan ini.

WARISAN LENGGONG: LAKARAN ARTISTIK DI

GUA-GUA BATU KAPUR SEBAGAI DAYA TARIKAN

PELANCONGAN

Sakinah Abu Bakar, Nazirah Md Yusof, Norziani Dahalan dan Fatan Hamamah Yahaya


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Abad ke 21 menyaksikan Lenggong sebagai tarikan baharu pelancongan di Malaysia. Pada masa kini banyak pihak termasuk kerajaan pusat, kerajaan negeri, badan bukan kerajaan, beberapa Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Malaysia dan juga orang perseorangan sedang bersungguh-sungguh memberi perhatian terhadap Lenggong kerana keistimewaannya sebagai tapak arkeologi dan sumber-sumber semula jadinya yang kaya dengan nilai warisan. Lenggong juga dipercayai menyimpan warisan kebudayaan yang sebahagiannya masih menjadi misteri. Penerokaan terhadap pelbagai bentuk warisan di daerah berkenaan bertepatan dengan perkembangan semasa dalam dunia pelancongan yang menekankan isu pelancongan warisan mahupun pelancongan alam sekitar. Hal ini demikian kerana warisan menjadi bukti kukuh tentang sesebuah negara dan bangsa-bangsa yang mendiaminya. Usaha ini memungkinkan keuntungan jangka panjang bukan saja dari segi ekonomi bahkan juga kepada pembangunan ketamadunan dan kemanusiaan sejagat.

WEBQUEST: DEVELOPMENT AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LIFELONG

LEARNING

Ima Shanaz WahidinUniversiti Teknologi MARAPerak Darul RidzuanKampus Seri Iskandar, 32610 Bandar Baru Seri Iskandar,Perak, MalaysiaE-mail: [email protected]

Shahrul Ridzuan ArshadKolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa SelangorE-mail: [email protected]

WebQuest or literally web and quest are one method of learning that employ the medium of web based materials from the World Wide Web. In other words, webquest can be referred as an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the Internet. The model was developed by Bernie Dodge from San Diego State University in February in early 1995. Since its introduction, most of the teachers have applied this method as a way to make good use of the internet while engaging their students in the kinds of thinking that the 21st century requires. The limelight of webquest is its feature of inquiry-oriented activity in which most of the information is drawn from the web. By developing and employing webquest, students are able to manage their learning time effectively, focus on using information rather than looking for it, and last but not least is to support learners’ thinking at the levels of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Thus, this paper explores the development and

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implementation of webquest in the scenario of online lifelong learning at tertiary level. A study has been carried out to investigate the usability and practicality of weblog in enhancing learning experience among students at tertiary level. Based on the preliminary findings, the utilization of weblog has a remarkable impact towards learning experience since it allows teachers to provide multiple levels of assistance in accommodating and catering the needs of special learners, and also to provide full access to education. Recommendations and future impacts are put forth at the end of the paper.

Key words: Webquest, Internet, inquiry-oriented, activities.

WETLAND FOREST MAPPING FOR PERAK

Dr. Khali Aziz Hamzah

Forestry & Environmental DivisionForest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)52109 KepongSelangor Darul EhsanEmail : [email protected]

This study found that the main wetland forest in Perak is mangrove and freshwater swamp forest. Perak has big chunk of mangroves of about 40,887 ha mainly in Larut & Matang and Kerian Districts, however, relatively very small size of freshwater swamp of about 779 ha that exist mainly in Kerian District. In fact, Matang Mangrove in Perak is recognised as the best managed mangroves in the world and has been managed sustainably since 1904. As for the peat swamp forest, there is no more since all of the peatland in Perak have been developed. This study is important in determining the current status of the mangroves and freshwater swamp in the state by providing information on its location and their general status. The information obtained are directly and indirectly support towards sustainable development and resource protected through strong emphasis on the awareness, cooperation practice and adequate data.

In conducting this project, close collaborations with Forestry Department of Perak has been made, more over managing the wetland forest is under the forestry department’s jurisdiction.

The ultimate goal of this project was achieved by producing maps on distribution of wetland forests and their current status in the state of Perak. It had been attained by identifying and maps the distribution of the existing wetland forest in the entire state of Perak, and produce complete report comprising information on the status and area extent. The maps produced could serve as a platform for assessment and monitoring of wetland resources. The information obtained in this

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study is necessary and crucial to be used in managing the wetland forest in Perak. The wetland forest, mainly the mangroves indirectly contributes to the fishing industries that involving a lot of peoples. For example, the Matang Mangrove that had been managed sustainably more than 100 years is directly important for piling and charcoal production, which also contributes for socio-economic development for the surrounding areas. Outputs of this study justify the existence of the wetland forest for socio-development and poverty reduction in the state.

1st idr annual research seminar 2014: towards transforming...

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