1st lectures tpn
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Total Parenteral Nutrition(TPN)
Nuryanti, M.Sc, AptLaboratorium Farmasetika
Jurusan Farmasi FKIK UNSOED
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Cara penyiapan TPN Cara pemberian TPN Komponen TPN
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Definisi
Penyediaan semua nutrisi melalui selainsaluran pencernaan
Penghantaran nutrisi secara intravena,misalnya melalui aliran darah. Nutrisi parenteral Tengah: sering disebut total
parenteral nutrition (TPN); dihantarkan ke vena pusat Nutrisi parenteral perifer (PPN): dihantarkan ke dalam
suatu vena perifer atau yang lebih kecil
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Nutrien, dibutuhkan untuk:
pertumbuhan sel fungsi seluler sintesis karbohidrat-lemak-protein kontraksi otot
penyembuhan luka daya tahan tubuh/kekebalan integritas percernaan
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BATASAN
Ke dalam TPN (volume besar) tidak bolehditambahkan pengawet karena dapat menyebabkan
terjadinya toksisitas akibat pemberian pengawetdalam jumlah besar. Syarat untuk semua TPN:
Steril Bebas pirogen Bebas partikel partikulat Dikemas dalam kemasan dosis tunggal Bebas pengawet
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Indikasi
Mereka yang tidak makan: anorexia nervosa Mereka yang tidak bisa makan: stenosis
esofagus, prolong ileus, Mereka yang tidak diizinkan untuk makan:
gastrointestinal fistula, inflamasi penyakitusus, radiasi enteritis, chemotoxicity GI,
pankreatitis
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Indikasi
Mereka yang tidak cukup makan: sindromusus pendek, burn, sepsis
Mereka yang dapat mengatur apa yangmereka makan: kegagalan hati
Lain-lain: gagal ginjal, operasi
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Components of TPN
TPN may include a combination of sugarand carbohydrates (for energy),proteins (for muscle strength), lipids(fat), electrolytes, and trace elements.
A TPN solution may contain all or someof these substances, depending onclients condition.
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Komponen TPN
Nutr i tional content: TPN requires water(30 to 40 mL/kg/day), energy (30 to 60
kcal/kg/day, depending on energyexpenditure), amino acids (1 to 2.0g/kg/day, depending on the degree of
catabolism), essential fatty acids, vitamins,and minerals
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Fluid . Fluid is an essential component of parenteralnutrition.
Calories. Carbohydrate . Glucose is the main source Protein. This is delivered as a synthetic crystalline
amino acid solution. Adverse effects of excess proteininclude a rise in urea and ammonia
Intralipid. An oil-in-water emulsion derived fromegg phospholipid, soyabean and glycerol.
Komponen TPN
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Komponen TPN
Minerals. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium,magnesium and phosphorus levels need to be
closely monitored Trace Elements. Zinc, copper, manganese,selenium, fluorine and iodine are provided in anumber of commercial TPN preparations.
Vitamins. The daily requirements for both waterand fat soluble vitamins can be provided in TPN
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Parenteral Nutrition Vitamin Guidelines
Vitamin FDAGuidelines*
A IU 3300 IU
D IU 200 IU
E IU 10 IU
K mcg 150 mcg
Cmg
200
Folate mcg 600
Niacin mg 40
Vitamin FDAGuidelines*
B2 mg 3.6
B1 mg 6
B6 mg 6
B12 mg 5.0
Biotin mcg 60
B5 dexpanthenol mg
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*Federal Register 66(77): April 20, 2000
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Calculating Calories
Carbohydrate :
ml/24h TPN x % Dextrose x 3.4 kcal/g = kcal/kg100 x wt (kg)
Fat : ml/24h 20% intralipid x 2 kcal/ml = kcal/kgwt (kg)
Protein : g/kg protein x 4 kcal/g = kcal/kg
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Balance of Calories
Dextrose: 40% - 60% Amino Acids: 10%- 12% Lipids: 25 50% This is the ideal balance at the completion
of the advance
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Electrolytes (mEq/kg/day)
Infant andToddler
Children Adolescents
Na 2-4 2-4 2-3K 1-3 1-3 1-2
Ca 1-2 0.5-1 0.25-0.5
Mg 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5
Phos(mMol)
1-1.5 0.5-1 0.5-0.75
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3:1
Means all 3 main ingredients are in one bag Amino acids Fat emulsion Dextrose
Will not do in neonatal AAs Decreases Ca/phos compatability Cannot see if the Ca/Phos precipitates
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3:1
AA % must be at least 2% Must be standard AA Ca + Mg must be < 20 mEq/L
Cracks the fat emulsion
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Parenteral base solutions
Karbohidrat Tersedia dalam konsentrasi 5 70%
D30, D50 and D70 used for manual mixing Asam amino
Available in 3, 3.5, 5, 7, 8.5, 10, 15, 20% solutions 8.5% and 10% generally used for manual mixing
Lemak 10% emulsions = 1.1 kcal/ml 20% emulsions = 2 kcal/ml 30% emulsions = 3 kcal/ml (used only in mixing TNA, not
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Other requirements
Fluid 30 to 50 ml/kg (1.5 to 3 L/day) Sterile water is added to PN admixture to meet
fluid requirements Electrolytes
Use acetate or chloride forms to managemetabolic acidosis or alkalosis
Vitamins: multivitamin formulations Trace elements
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PN Solution Components a
Central Peripheral---Solutions--- Solutions
Lipid- Dextrose- based based
Dextrose 14.5% 35.0%
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Initiation of PN: Formulation
Generally energy and protein needs can be
met in adults by day 2 or 3 In neonates and peds, time to reach full
support relates inversely to age, may be 3-
5 days
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Initiation of PN: formulation
As protein associated with few metabolic side effects,maximum amount of protein can be given on the firstday, up to 60-70 grams/liter
Maximum carbohydrate given first day 150-200g/day or a 15-20% final dextrose concentration
In patients with glucose intolerance, 100-150 gdextrose or 10-15% glucose concentration may begiven initially
ASPEN Nutrition Support Practice Manual 2005; p. 98-99
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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Ketika akan menggunakan TPN, konfirmasikanlabel tas TPN dengan bentuk order yang asli
Larutan dapat dimodifikasi berdasarkan hasillaboratorium, gangguan yang dialami,hypermetabolism, atau faktor lain.
Lipid: emulsi lipid yang tersedia secara komersialsering ditambahkan untuk memasok asam lemak
esensial dan trigliserida; 20 sampai 30% dari totalkalori biasanya diberikan sebagai lipid.
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Pemberian TPN
Sebelum TPN diberikan, lihat larutan yang masihtertutup.
Ini harus jelas dan bebas dari bahan mengambang.Remas tas dengan lembut atau amati wadahlarutan untuk memastikan tidak ada kebocoran.
Jangan menggunakan solusi jika sudah berubah
warna, jika mengandung partikel, atau jikakantong atau wadah bocor.
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Pemberian TPN
Karena larutan TPN kebanyakan terkonsentrasi dandapat menyebabkan trombosis vena perifer, maka
biasanya diperlukan kateter vena sentral. Larutannya dimulai perlahan-lahan pada 50%
dihitung dari kebutuhan biasanya untuk 24 jam pertama
Insulin: Jumlah insulin reguler yang diberikan(ditambahkan secara langsung ke larutan TPN)tergantung pada tingkat glukosa darah
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Two-in-One PN
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PN Compounding Machines:Automix
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PN Compounding Machines:
Micromix
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Document in Chart
Type of feeding formula and tube Method (bolus, drip, pump) Rate and water flush Intake energy and protein
Tolerance, complications, andcorrective actions Patient education
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Thanks !!
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