112788839 paper-2-biology

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 28 halaman bercetak

4551/2 © 2010 Hak Cipta JPM [Lihat sebelah

SULIT Nama

4551/2Biologi TingkatanKertas 2Mei

2 1/2 jam JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

____________________________________________________________

PEPERIKSAAN PENGESANAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUNSIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGI

Kertas 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruangan yangdisediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalanyang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atausebahagian soalan sama ada dalambahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu .

5. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A dan Bahagian Bhendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yangdisediakan dalam kertas soalan.

6. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halamanbelakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Bahagian SoalanMarkahPenuh

MarkahDiperoleh

1 12

2 12

A 3 12

4 12

5 12

6 20

B 7 20

8 20

9 20

Jumlah

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4551/2 © 2010 Hak Cipta JPM [Lihat sebelahSULIT

2

Section ABahagian A

[60 marks][60 markah]

Answer all questions in this sectionJawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the organelles in an animal cell that involved in the synthesis andsecretion of protein P molecule.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terdapat dalam sel haiwan yang terlibat semasasintesis dan rembesan molekul protein P .

Diagram 1.1

Rajah 1.1

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P moleculeMolekul P

Plasma membraneMembran plasma

NucleusNukleus

X

Y

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(a) Name organelles labeled X, Y and Z.Namakan organel yang berlabel X, Y dan Z.

X:............................................................................

Y:............................................................................

Z:............................................................................

[3 marks]

(b) State the function of X .Nyatakan fungsi X.

.................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(c) Explain why organel W is found abundantly in the cell.Terangkan mengapa organel W dijumpai dengan jumlah yang banyak dalam seltersebut.

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[ 2 marks]

(d) Molecule P is the protein that is produced and is secreted by the cell.Molekul P ialah protein yang dihasil dan dirembeskan oleh sel tersebut.

(i) What is the type of protein structure shown by the P molecule?Apakah jenis struktur protein yang ditunjukkan oleh molekul P ini?

.......................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give one example of the P protein structure mentioned in d(i).Nyatakan satu contoh bagi struktur protein P yang dinyatakan dalam d(i) di atas.

.....................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(e) Diagram 1.2 and 1.3 show a dirty shirt with oily stain and detergent brand SSS thatbeing used in the washing .Rajah 1.2 dan 1.3 menunjukkan sehelai kemeja T yang dikotori oleh tompokan minyak danserbuk pencuci berjenama SSS yang digunakan semasa pencucian.

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3

1(a)

1

1(b)

2

1(c)

2

1(d)

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Diagram 1.2 Diagram 1.3Rajah 1.2 Rajah 1.3

Puan Aini uses tap water to wash the dirty clothes with SSS detergent washingpowder but the cleaning is less effective.Puan Aini menggunakan air paip untuk mencuci pakaiannya dengan menggunakanpencuci berjenama SSS tetapi cuciannya di dapati kurang berkesan.

Based on the information above,Berdasarkan maklumat di atas,

( i ) Suggest one way to make the washing more effective.Cadangkan satu cara untuk mendapatkan pencucian yang lebih berkesan.

……………………………………………………………………....................…..………………[1 mark ]

( ii ) Explain how the answer in (e) ( i ) affect the rate of bioenzyme Y reaction.Terangkan bagaimana jawapan di (e) ( i ) mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas bioenzim Y ?

……………………………………………………………………..........…………….……

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……………………………………………………………...................................................[ 2 marks]

(iii) Give one example of bioenzyme Y that has been added into the detergent in order toremove the oil stain.Namakan satu contoh enzimbio Y yang telah ditambahkan ke dalam serbuk pencuci tersebutSupaya boleh menanggalkan kesan tompokan minyak.

…………………………………………………………………………………..............................

[ 1 mark]

1

1(e)(i)

2

1(e)(ii)

1

1(e)(iii)

12

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2. There are four types of food classes that are necessary for a balance diet.Diagram 2.1 shows a few examples of food that represent each food classes thatneeded for a normal adult person.Terdapat empat kelas makanan yang diperlukan untuk pemakanan yang seimbang.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan beberapa contoh makanan yang mewakili setiap kelas makanan yangdiperlukan oleh seorang dewasa normal.

Diagram 2.1Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the food class represented by group P.Namakan kelas makanan P.

.....................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State the main function of group P .Nyatakan fungsi utama kelas makanan P.

.....................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b)(i) Which of the food classes is good for a pregnant woman ?Explain your answer.Kelas makanan yang manakah baik untuk dimakan oleh wanita yang hamil.Terangkan jawapan anda.

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1

2(a)(i)

1

2(a)(ii)

3

2(b)(i)

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(ii) The bile duct of a boy fails to function because of a blockage. Which type offood class should be avoided by him .Explain your answer.Duktus hempedu seorang budak lelaki telah tersumbat. Kelas makanan manakah yangperlu dielakkan untuk dimakan.Terangkan jawapan anda.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[3 marks]

(c) (i) Table 2.2 shows the examples of food from group P and S and the amount of energycontained in every 100 grams of the foods.Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan beberapa jenis makanan daripada kumpulan P dan S serta jumlahkandungan tenaga bagi setiap 100 gram sampel makanan.

Examples of food /Contoh makanan

Energy / kJ/100gTenaga / kJ/100g

Goat Milk / Susu kambing

Egg / Telur

Bread / Roti

Rice / Nasi

274612

10251531

Table 2.2 /Jadual 2.2

If a student has taken in 200 ml goat milk, 150 g bread and 80 g eggs for his breakfast,calculate the amount of energy obtained from the food.Jika seorang pelajar mengambil sebanyak 200 ml susu kambing, 150 g roti dan 80 g teluruntuk sarapan pagi, Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang diambilnya.

[2 marks]

3

2(b)(ii)

2

2(c)(i)

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(ii) Based on the energy content of rice in Table 2.2, suggest the possible energycontent for 100 g of butter. Explain your answer.Berdasarkan kandungan tenaga bagi nasi dari Jadual 2.2, cadangkan kandungan tenaga yangmungkin bagi 100 g mentega. Terangkan jawapan anda.

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..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

3. Diagram 3 .1 shows a food web in a freshwater pond ecosystem, which is located nearbyan agriculture area.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu jaringan makanan di dalam ekosistem sebuah kolam air tawar yangberdekatan dengan sebuah kawasan pertanian.


(a) On Diagram 3.1, circle and label one example of the following organisms which canbe found in the pond :Pada Rajah 3.1, bulat dan labelkan satu contoh organisma berikut yang boleh dijumpai didalam kolam :

2

2(c)(ii)

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(i) Secondary consumer / Pengguna sekunder

(ii) Tertiary consumer / Pengguna tertiar

[2 marks ]

(b) State the niche of prawn in Diagram 3.1.Nyatakan nic bagi udang dalam Rajah 3.1.

….…………………………………………………………………………………..............……[1 mark ]

(c) Explain the role of Lemna sp.and Lotus sp. on the changes of organic matter in thebase of the pond.Terangkan peranan pokok Lemna dan teratai dalam perubahan kandungan organik pada dasarkolam tersebut.

….……………………………………………………….....………………………..........………

….……………………………………………………….....……………………….........………

….………………………………………………………....………………………..........………[2 marks]

(d) A food chain below shows three organisms found in Diagram 3.1Rantai makanan di bawah menunjukkan tiga organisma yang boleh dijumpai dalam Rajah 3.1

Hydrilla sp in the first trophic level absorbs 35000 kJ solar energy. Energy loss ateach trophic level is 90 %.Calculate the total energy absorbs by the swan.Hydrilla sp. pada aras trof pertama menyerap 35 000 kJ tenaga cahaya matahari. Tenagayang hilang pada setiap aras trof ialah 90 %.Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan kepada angsa.

= ……………………….. kJ[3 marks]

2

3(a)

3

3(d)

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1

3(b)

2

3(c)

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(e) (i) After 2 years, the population of aquatic organisms in the pond decreased because ofexcessive usage of fertilisers in the agriculture area nearby.Selepas 2 tahun, didapati populasi organisma akuatik kolam tersebut semakin berkuranganakibat penggunaan baja yang berlebihan di kawasan pertanian yang berdekatan.

Explain how the excessive usage of the fertilisers decrease the aquatic organismspopulation.Terangkan bagaimana penggunaan baja yang berlebihan di kawasan pertanian dapatmengurangkan populasi organisma akuatik .

….………………………………………………………………………........………………

….……………………………………………………………………….......………………

….……………………………………………………………………….......………………

….……………………………………………………………………….......………………[2 marks]

(ii) Explain briefly how you can determine the pollution level of the pond water.Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat menentukan tahap pencemaran air kolam

tersebut.

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....................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

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2

3(e)(i)

2

3(e)(ii)

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4. Diagram 4.1 (a) and 4.1(b) shows the direction of a fish tail and the condition ofmuscle R in the fish tissue.

Rajah 4.1(a) dan 4.1 (b) menunjukkan arah pergerakan ekor ikan dan keadaan otot R yangterdapat dalam tisu ikan.

Diagram 4.1(a) Diagram 4.1(b)Rajah 4.1(a) Rajah 4.1(b)

Based on Diagram 4.1(a) and Diagram 4.1(b) ,Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1(a) dan Rajah 4.1(b),

(a) (i) name muscle R.namakan otot R.

…………………………………………………………........…………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) state one characteristic of muscle Rnyatakan satu ciri otot R

………………………………………………………….........…………………………………………..[1 mark]

1

4(a)(ii)

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1

4(a)(i)

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(b) Explain the action of muscle R that enable fish to swim.Terangkan tindakan otot R yang membolehkan ikan berenang.

……………........…………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………........…………………………………………………………………………………………..

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[3 marks]

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows another fish that is injured in its dorsal fin.Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan seekor ikan lain yang tercedera sirip dorsalnya.


Explain how this injury affects its movement.Terangkan bagaimana kecederaan ini menjejaskan pergerakan ikan tersebut.

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[2 marks]

2

4(c)

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3

4(b)

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(d) Diagram 4.3 shows locomotion in a grasshopper.Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan pergerakan seekor belalang.


(i) Based on Diagram 4.3, explain how the extensor and flexor muscles help thegrasshopper in jumping.Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, terangkan bagaimana otot ekstensor dan fleksor kaki belalangmembolehkan belalang melompat.

.......……………………………………………………………………………………..................…

..……………………………………………………………………............................……………..

.……………………………………………………………….............………………………………..

…….…………………………………………………………...............………………………………..

(2 marks)2

4(d)(i)

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(ii) The flexor muscle of the grasshopper in Diagram 4.3 is injured.

Explain how this condition affects the jumping of the grasshopper.

Otot fleksor kaki belakang belalang seperti dalam rajah 4.3 telah tercedera.Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3 dan maklumat yang diberikan, terangkan bagaimana keadaan inimempengaruhi lompatan belalang tersebut.

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..………………………………………………...............…………………………………………..

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(3 marks) 3

4(d)(ii)

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows a uriniferous tubule and its associated blood vessels. Diagram 5.2shows structure cells of tubule U as seen through an electron microscope.Gambarajah 5.1 menunjukkan tubul uriniferus dan salur darah yang berkaitan. Gambarajah 5.2menunjukkan struktur sel tubul U seperti yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop elektron.



(a) State three differences in the composition of the glomerulus filtrate in T and tubule V.Nyatakan tiga perbezaan kandungan hasil turasan glomerulus pada T dan tubul V.

…….......................................…………………………………………………………………..

…….....................................…………………………………………………………….……..

..........................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks ]

3

5(a)

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Tubule U cellsSel tubul U

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(b) Based on the Diagram 5.2 explain how the cells of tubule U are structured forreabsorption of sodium ions.Berdasarkan Gambarajah 5.2, terangkan bagaimana sel tubul U distrukturkan untukpenyerapan semula ion natrium.

…………………………………..................................…………………….....………………..

…………………………………...................................…………………………....…………..

…………………………………...................................……………………………....………..

[2 marks]

(c) Table 5.3 shows the normal concentration of certain substances found in a collectingduct.Jadual 5.3 menunjukkan kepekatan normal beberapa bahan yang terdapat di dalam duktuspengumpul.

Substances[Bahan]

Water[Air]

Protein[Protein]

Glucose[Glukosa]

Urea[Urea]

Salts[Garam]

Concentration[Kepekatan]

(%)

97.0 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.50

Table 5.3 /Jadual 5.3

Explain how the normal concentration of the substances present in a collecting duct willchange if taking too much of sea foods and salty food.

Terangkan bagaimana kepekatan normal bahan-bahan yang terdapat dalam duktus pengumpulakan berubah selepas mengambil makanan laut dan garam yang berlebihan.

Excess sea food / Makanan laut yang berlebihan :

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Excess salty food / Garam yang berlebihan :

............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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[4 marks]

4

5(c)

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2

5(b)

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(d) Diagram 5.4 shows the flow of blood and dialysis fluid through a dialysis machine thatbeing used by a patient with kidney failure.Rajah 5.4 menunjukkan aliran darah dan bendalir dialisis melalui satu mesin dialisis yangdigunakan oleh pesakit yang mengalami masalah kegagalan fungsi ginjal.

Diagram 5.4

Rajah 5.4

Based on Diagram 5.4, explain how the dialysis machine replace the function of thepatient’s kidney.Berdasarkan Rajah 5.4, terangkan bagaimana mesin dialisis tersebut dapat menggantikanfungsi ginjal pesakit tersebut.

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[3 marks]

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3

5(d)

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Section BBahagian B

[40 marks][40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this sectionJawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a reproduction process of an Ameoba sp.Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan proses pembiakan yang berlaku dalam Ameoba sp.


(a) (i) Based on Diagram 6.1, name the type of cell division involved in the reproductionprocess and explain your answer.Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, namakan jenis pembahagian sel yang terlibat dalam prosespembiakan tersebut dan jelaskan jawapan anda.

[2 marks]

(ii) Define the meaning of the cell division named in (a)(i) operationally.Takrifkan secara operasi akan pembahagian sel yang dinamakan dalam (a)(i).

[2 marks]

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(b) Diagram 6.2 shows a new variant of papaya, Exotica which is produced by across breeding of papaya, Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya.Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu variasi baru betik, Exotica yang terhasil dari kacukansilang antara betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii.


Based on the above diagram and your biology knowledge, explain how a farmer canpropagate this good quality of Exotica papaya to give a large scale of yield and at thesame time maintain its quality.Berdasarkan rajah di atas dan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan bagaimana seorang petanidapat memperbanyakkan betik Exotica yang baik kualitinya ini supaya hasil ladang dapatmeningkat dan pada masa yang sama, kualiti dapat dipelihara.

[6 marks]

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(c) Diagram 6.3 shows the stages in cell division K and Diagram 6.4 shows the stages incell division L ; both in animal cells.Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat pembahagian sel K dan Rajah 6.4menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat pembahagian sel L; kedua-duanya dalam sel haiwan.

Describe four similarities and six differences between Diagram 6.3 and Diagram 6.4.Huraikan empat persamaan dan enam perbezaan antara Rajah 6.3 dan Rajah 6.4.

[10 marks]

Cell Division K / Pembahagian Sel KDiagram 6.3 / Rajah 6.3

Cell Division L / Pembahagian Sel LDiagram 6.4 / Rajah 6.4

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7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a formation process of fluid P in the human circulatory system.Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan proses pembentukan bendalir P yang berlaku dalam sistempengangkutan manusia.


(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, describe the formation of fluid P.Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan proses pembentukan bendalir P.

[4 marks]

(b) Raziah was shocked when the doctor told that her baby girl has been diagnosed withHepatitis B. She explained to the doctor that her baby already had her firstimmunisation for Hepatitis B last month. Based on your biological knowledge, explainwhy this incident occurs.Raziah terkejut apabila dimaklumkan oleh doktor bahawa bayi perempuannya disahkanmengidap Hepatitis B. Dia menjelaskan bahawa bayinya telahpun diberikan imunisasi untukHepatitis B yang pertama pada bulan lepas. Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, jelaskanmengapa keadaan ini boleh berlaku.

[6 marks]

(c) The following statements are on lymphatic system and blood circulatory system.Pernyataan yang berikut adalah mengenai sistem limfa dan juga sistem peredarandarah.

The substances that come out from the blood capillaries into the body tissue willre-enter into the blood circulatory system.

Bahan yang terturas keluar dari kapilari darah ke dalam tisu badan akan memasuki semulasistem petedaran darah

Lymphatic system also functions in transporting products of digestion.Sistem limfa juga berfungsi dalam pengangkutan hasil-hasil pencernaan.

Explain the above statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary tothe blood circulatory system.Terangkan pernyataan di atas bagaimana sistem limfa melengkapi sistem peredaran darah.

[10 marks]

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8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a human digestive system.Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.


Milk is the only diet for babies. Milk is digested and absorbed in the digestive tract.Describe the process of milk digestion that occurs in R,S,T and U in Diagram 8.1

Susu merupakan makanan unggul bagi bayi. Susu dicerna dan diserap dalam saluranpencernaan. Terangkan proses pencernaan susu yang berlaku di dalam R,S,T dan U dalamRajah 8.1.

[10 marks]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a set of favourable menu of a teenager.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan set hidangan kegemaran seorang remaja.

Table 2

Diagram 8.2/Rajah 8.2

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Based on Diagram 8.2, explain the effects of consuming the above menu set for a longperiod of time to the teenager.Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan kesan pengambilan menu makanan di atas dalam tempohjangka masa yang panjang ke atas remaja tersebut.

[10 marks]

9 (a) Diagram 9.1 shows a mangrove swampRajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu kawasan paya bakau.

Diagram 9.Rajah 9.1

Explain why most plants cannot colonise and grow in the swamps and explain how themangrove trees adapt themselves to the harsh living conditions.

Terangkan mengapa kebanyakan tumbuhan tidak boleh hidup dan tumbuh di kawasan payabakau dan terangkan bagaimana pokok bakau ini menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan hidupyang sukar.

[10 marks]

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(c) Diagram 9.2 shows an industrial area that had been developed without well plannedand proper management.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan satu kawasan perindustrian yang telah dibangunkan secara tidakterancang dan dengan pengurusan yang teliti.

2


Discuss the effects of unplanned development and improper management on theecosystem.

Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan kesan pembangunan yang tidak terancang danterurus terhadap ekosistem.

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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ANSWER SHEETRUANG JAWAPAN

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly in spacesprovided in the question paper.Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklahditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on theanswer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations, diagrams, tables,graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian Bhendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Andaboleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf, dan cara lain yang sesuai untukmenjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.

5. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in brackets.Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan.

6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then writedown the new answer.Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudiantulis jawapan yang baru.

7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

8. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes forSection B.Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian Adan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

112788839 paper-2-biology

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