wtw see hua daily sarawak final

7/29/2019 WtW See Hua Daily Sarawak Final

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: SEE HUA DAILY SARAWAK

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for SEE HUA DAILY SARAWAK................................................................ 3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative

Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

2 SEE HUA DAILY SARAWAK


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Executive Summary of Key Results for SEE HUA DAILYSARAWAK

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by See Hua Daily Sarawak, we found the followingtrends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

The the mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was relatively equal, with

the BN coalition receiving slightly more mention-level coverage than PR.

PR were attacked (74.57%) and covered negatively (56.95%) more then BN, with BNreceiving more positive coverage (67.52%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (53%), followed by the positive category (25%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about? The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions was skewed

towards BN (66%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (48%), followed by the positive category (41%).

However, of the non-neutral material, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR,while BN was given the most positive coverage.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?

Taib Mahmud was used as a source most often.



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BN were used as sources more often (64%) than both PR politicians (33%) andindependent/other political figures (2%).

Anwar Ibrahim and Najib Razak were first and second most commonly engaged in attackpolitics.

Overall, PR coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BN politicians.

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.

The Non-Policy Issue of Economy and Development was the most covered issue overall.



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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received the most coverage (37.01%), followed by DAP, PR, SUPP, then PAS.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.


BN

DAP

PR

SUPP

PAS

PKR

Other

PBB

PRS

SAPP

MCA

SPDP

UMNO

Gerakan

PBS

UPKO

MIC

PRM

PSM

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

37.01

20.03

19.13

14.11

3.92

2.46

1.88

0.62

0.40

0.11

0.09

0.09

0.07

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was relatively equal, with the BN coalition receivingslightly more mention-level coverage than PR.



BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

52.47

45.54

0.11

1.88

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (53%), followed by the positive category (25%).


8%

14%

53%

25%

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

DAP were the most negatively covered (28.87%) and the most attacked (34.19%).

PR were the second most attacked (25.43), followed by BN (18.8%) then PAS (13.68%).



DAP

BN

PR

SUPP

PAS

PKROther

SPDP

Gerakan

MCA

UMNO

MIC

PBB

PBS

PRS

PRM

PSM

SAPP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (55.77%) coverage by a very significant margin, followed byPR (15.04%), DAP (14.67%), then SUPP (11.31%).



BN

PR

DAP

SUPP

PKR

OtherPAS

PBB

PRS

SAPP

MCA

SPDP

PBS

UMNO

Gerakan

MIC

PRM

PSM

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Positive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked (74.57%) and covered negatively (56.95%) more then BN, withBN receiving more positive coverage (67.52%).

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.47 25%Neutral 1 : 0.85 53%

Negative 1 : 1.34 14%

Attacked 1 : 2.9 8%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

25.43

42.38

52.21

67.52

74.57

56.95

44.45

31.90

0.00

0.66

3.34

0.58

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.

Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion

(48.21%), followed by Anwar Ibrahim (18.81%), Taib Mahmud (11.39%), then Lim Guan Eng(9.14%).

Refer to Table 5 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Anwar IbrahimTaib Mahmud

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Hishamuddin Hussein

Karpal Singh

Ibrahim Ali

James Masing

Hadi Awang

Mahathir Mohamad

Chua Soi LekDzulkefly Ahmad

Nik Aziz

Rosmah Mansur

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Baru Bian

Hassan Ali

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

48.21

18.8111.39

9.14

2.65

2.52

1.59

1.32

0.79

0.66

0.53

0.40

0.40

0.260.26

0.26

0.26

0.13

0.13

0.13

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionswas skewed towards BN (66%).



66%

33%

1%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Taib Mahmud was used as a source mostoften (52.13%), followed by Anwar Ibrahim (14.22%), Lim Guan Eng (11.85%), then NajibRazak (11.37%).



Taib Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Najib Razak

Lim Kit Siang

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Hadi Awang

Baru Bian

Mahathir Mohamad

Hassan Ali

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

52.13

14.22

11.85

11.37

4.27

1.42

1.42

0.95

0.95

0.47

Coverage Volume


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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (64%) than both PR politicians (33%)and independent/other political figures (2%).



64%

33%

2%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (48%), followed by the positive category (41%).


41%

48%

7%4%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost negative coverage (30.19%) and Lim Guan Eng received the most attacks (45.46%).

Anwar Ibrahim was second most negatively covered (24.53%) and second most attacked

(27.27%). Najib Razak was third most attacked (21.21%).

Refer to Table 8 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Taib Mahmud

Lim Kit Siang

Karpal Singh

Dzulkefly Ahmad

Ibrahim Ali

Mahathir Mohamad

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

Alfred Jabu

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Bernard Dompok

Chong Chieng Jen

Chua Soi Lek

Elizabeth Wong

G. Palanivel

Hadi AwangHassan Ali

Hishamuddin Hussein

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (67.11%) and neutral coverage (38.48%).

Taib Mahmud received the second most positive coverage (12.63%).



Najib RazakAnwar Ibrahim

Taib Mahmud

Lim Guan Eng

Muhyiddin Yassin

Hishamuddin Hussein

Lim Kit Siang

Musa Aman

Ibrahim Ali

Hadi Awang

Karpal Singh

Chua Soi Lek

Nik Aziz

James Masing

Mahathir Mohamad

Rosmah Mansur

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Hassan Ali

Teresa Kok

Baru Bian

Dzulkefly Ahmad

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Positive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more negative coverage and attacks were given to PR, while BN was given the mostpositive coverage.

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.19 40%

Neutral 1 : 0.62 47%

Negative 1 : 1.36 7%

Attacked 1 : 3.13 4%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

24.24

41.51

60.39

84.05

75.76

56.60

37.64

15.61

0.00

1.89

1.97

0.33

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Anwar Ibrahim and Najib Razak (both 40%) were most commonly engaged in attack politics,followed by Lim Guan Eng (20%).



Anwar Ibrahim

Taib Mahmud

Lim Guan Eng

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Baru Bian

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

40.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Overall, PR coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BN politicians.



40%

60%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Policy Issues than Non-Policy Issues.



58%

42% Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, the Economy & Development was given most coverage, followedby Vision Policies & Programmes then Education.



19%

1%

52%

13%

1%

3%0%1%

9%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Ethnicity was given the most coverage, followed byElectioneering, then Socioeconomic Status, then Democracy & Human Rights.



40%

1%

15%

16%

0%

6%

21%

Non-Policy Issues

Ethnicity

Religion

Democracy & Human Rights

Socioeconomic Status

Mudslinging

Gender

Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 14375

Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 908

Average number of articles/day: na/d = 29.3

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts.

They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables


TABLE 1

Party Percentage

BN 37.005

DAP 20.025

Gerakan 0.035193

MCA 0.087982

MIC 0

PAS 3.924

PBB 0.61587

PBS 0.035193

PKR 2.4635

PR 19.127

PRS 0.40472

PRM 0

PSM 0

SAPP 0.10558

SPDP 0.087982

SUPP 14.112

UMNO 0.070385

UPKO 0.017596

Other 1.8828

TABLE 2

Party Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 37.005

BN 52.471921

Gerakan 0.035193

MCA 0.087982

MIC 0

PBB 0.61587

PBS 0.035193

PRS 0.40472

SPDP 0.087982

SUPP 14.112

UMNO 0.070385

UPKO 0.017596

PR 19.127

PR 45.5395DAP 20.025

PAS 3.924

PKR 2.4635

PRM 0

Independent 0.10558PSM 0

SAPP 0.10558

Other 1.8828 Other 1.8828

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 18.803 28.079 33.118 55.766 135.766

DAP 34.188 28.874 18.482 14.672 96.216

Gerakan 0 0.13245 0 0.072993 0.205443

MCA 0 0.13245 0.10211 0.072993 0.307553

MIC 0 0 0 0 0

PAS 13.675 7.4172 2.5187 1.4599 25.0708

PBB 0 0 1.1572 0.072993 1.230193

PBS 0 0 0.068074 0 0.068074

PKR 1.2821 1.7219 3.744 0.72993 7.47793

PR 25.427 18.94 19.707 15.036 79.11

PRS 0 0 0.68074 0.21898 0.89972

PRM 0 0 0 0 0

PSM 0 0 0 0 0

SAPP 0 0 0.13615 0.14599 0.28214

SPDP 0 0.2649 0.10211 0 0.36701

SUPP 6.6239 13.642 16.916 11.314 48.4959

UMNO 0 0.13245 0.068074 0 0.200524

UPKO 0 0 0 0 0

Other 0 0.66225 3.1995 0.43796 4.29971

Parties &Coalitions


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TABLE 4

BN

A tta cked 25.4269

Negative 42.38325

Neutral 52.212308

Positive 67.517959

PR

A tta cked 74.5721

Negative 56.9531

Neutral 44.4517

Posit ive 31.89783

Attacked 0

Negative 0.66225

Neutral 3.33565

Positive 0.58395

Independent &

Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political Figure

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0

Alfred Jabu 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.13245Anwar Ibrahim 18.808

Azmin Ali 0

Baru Bian 0.13245

Bernard Dompok 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0

Chua Soi Lek 0.2649

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0.2649

Elizabeth Wong 0

G. Palanivel 0

Hadi Awang 0.39735

Hassan Ali 0.13245

Hishamuddin Hussein 1.3245

Ibrahim Ali 0.66225

James Masing 0.5298

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Karpal Singh 0.7947

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Khalid Samad 0

Lim Guan Eng 9.1391

Lim Kit Siang 2.649

Liow Tiong Lai 0

Mahathir Mohamad 0.39735

Maximus Ongkili 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 2.5166

Musa Aman 1.5894

Najib Razak 48.212

Ng Yen Yen 0

Nik Aziz 0.2649

Nizar Jamaluddin 0

Nurul Izzah 0Rafizi Ramli 0

Rosmah Mansur 0.2649

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0

Taib Mahmud 11.391

Teresa Kok 0.13245

Tian Chua 0

Tony Pua 0

William Mawan 0

Wong Ho Leng 0

Wong Soon Koh 0

Yong Teck Lee 0

Percentage(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek

MCA 0.2649

BN 66.22555

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

G. Palanivel MIC 0Alfred Jabu

PBB 11.391Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0

James Masing PRS 0.5298

William Mawan SPDP 0

Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 54.03985

Hishamuddin Hussein

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0

Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 12.71525

PR 32.58285

Karpal Singh

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Teresa Kok

Tony Pua

Wong Ho Leng

Dzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 0.92715

Hadi Awang

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nizar Jamaluddin

Siti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 18.94045

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Elizabeth WongJeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 0.13245

1.19205

Hassan Ali Independent 0.13245

Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.66225

Rosmah Mansur 0.2649

Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0

Independent/Other

'1st lady'


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TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0

BN 64.45487

Mahathir Mohamad 0.94787

Muhyiddin Yassin 0

Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 11.374

Nazri Aziz 0

Taib Mahmud 52.133

Anwar Ibrahim 14.218

PR 33.175

Baru Bian 0.94787

Hadi Awang 1.4218Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 11.848

Lim Kit Siang 4.2654

Nik Aziz 0.47393

Ambiga Sreenevasan 1.4218

Independent 2.36966

Hassan Ali 0.47393

Vox Pop Male 0

Vox Pop Female 0.47393

0

0

Percentage

(source)

Public Opinion/Vox Pop

General

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 0.2809 0

Anwar Ibrahim 27.273 24.528 26.404 6.3123Azmin Ali 0 0 0 0

Baru Bian 0 0 0 0.33223

Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0

Chua Soi Lek 0 0 0.5618 0

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 1.8868 0 0.33223

Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0 0

Hadi Awang 0 0 0.8427 0

Hassan Ali 0 0 0.2809 0Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 2.5281 0.33223

Ibrahim Ali 0 1.8868 1.1236 0

James Masing 0 0 0.2809 0.99668

Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0

Karpal Singh 0 5.6604 0.8427 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0 0 0 0

Khalid Samad 0 0 0 0

Lim Guan Eng 45.455 15.094 6.4607 6.9767

Lim Kit Siang 3.0303 9.434 2.2472 1.6611

Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 0 0

Mahathir Mohamad 3.0303 0 0.2809 0.33223

Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 0 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0 0 4.7753 0.66445

Musa Aman 0 0 1.6854 1.9934

Najib Razak 21.212 30.189 38.483 67.11

Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0 0

Nik Aziz 0 0 0.5618 0

Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0 0

Nurul Izzah 0 0 0 0

Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0 0Rosmah Mansur 0 0 0.2809 0.33223

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Taib Mahmud 0 11.321 11.798 12.625

Teresa Kok 0 0 0.2809 0

Tian Chua 0 0 0 0

Tony Pua 0 0 0 0

William Mawan 0 0 0 0

Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0

Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0

Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0


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TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 24.2423

Negative 41.51

Neutral 60.3934Positive 84.05399

PR

Attacked 75.7583

Negative 56.6032

Neutral 37.64

Positive 15.61456

Attacked 0

Negative 1.8868

Neutral 1.9663

Positive 0.33223

Independent/Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0

BN 40

Mahathir Mohamad 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 0

Nazri Aziz 0

Taib Mahmud 40

Anwar Ibrahim 40

PR 60

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 20Lim Kit Siang 0

Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0

Independent 0

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 0

Vox Pop Female 0

0

0

Percentage(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 6.6884

Policy Issues 34.380553

Environment 0.22431Economy/Development 17.945

Education 4.4861

Foreign Policy 0.50979

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 1.2031

Oppressive Legislation 0.040783

Health 0.30587

Religion 2.9772

Ethnicity 10.277

25.40746

Religion 0.22431

Democracy & Human Rights 3.7928

Socioeconomic Status 4.1191

Mudslinging 0.12235

Gender 1.4478

Electioneering 5.4241

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein

16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak

15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)

4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'



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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living



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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah

6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance

7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

wtw see hua daily sarawak final

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