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Section A

[ 28 marks]

Answer all questions Jawab semua soalan

Answer all questions in this section. Suggested time to answer this section is 60 minutes. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab bahagian ini ialah

60 minit.

1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the object

distance, u and the image distance, v, of a convex lens with focal length, f,. The apparatus is

set up as shown in Diagram 1.1 Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jarak objek, u dan

jarak imej, v bagi kanta cembung yang mempunyai panjang fokus, f. Radas disediakan seperti

Rajah 1.1.

The object distance is fixed at u = 34 cm, 30 cm, 26 cm, 20 cm and 16 cm. The convex lens

is placed at the “zero” mark on the scale of the metre rule when the image distance, v, is

measured. Jarak objek ditetapkan pada u = 34 cm, 30 cm, 26 cm, 20 cm dan 16 cm. Kanta cembung diletakkan

pada kedudukan “sifar” di pembaris meter apabila jarak imej, v, diukur.

DIAGRAM 1.1

RAJAH 1.1

Convex lens

Kanta cembung Light bulb

mentol

Sharp image

Imej tajam

screen

skrin

Metre rule

Pembaris meter

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Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 showed the end part of metre rule when the image

distance, v, is measured.

Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 menunjukkan bahagian akhir pembaris meter semasa

jarak imej,v , diukur.

Imej

Skrin

DIAGRAM 1.2: Object distance,u= 34 cm

RAJAH 1.2. Jarak objek, u = 34 cm

Imej

Skrin

DIAGRAM 1.3: Object distance,u= 30 cm

RAJAH 1.3: Jarak objek, u = 30 cm

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Imej

Skrin

DIAGRAM 1.4: Object distance,u = 26 cm

RAJAH 1.4: Jarak objek, u = 26 cm

Imej

Skrin

DIAGRAM 1.5: Object distance,u = 20 cm

RAJAH 1.5. Jarak objek, u = 20 cm

Imej

Skrin

DIAGRAM 1.6: Object distance,u = 16 cm

RAJAH 1.6. Jarak objek, u = 16 cm

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(a) For the experiment described above, identify: Daripada penerangan eksperimen di atas, kenalpasti:

(i) The manipulated variable Pembolehubah manipulasi

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark / markah]

(ii) The responding variable Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark / markah]

(iii) The constant variable Pembolehubah dimalarkan

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark / markah]

(b) Based on diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, determine the magnitude of v, u

1 and

v

1,

when u is equal to 34.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 26.0 cm, 20.0 cm and 16.0 cm.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 tentukan nilai v, u

1 dan

v

1, apabila u ialah

34.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 26.0 cm, 20.0 cm dan 16.0 cm.

Tabulate the values of u, v, u

1 and

v

1 in the space below.

Jadualkan nilai-nilai bagi u, v,u

1 dan

v

1 pada ruangan di bawah.

[7 marks / markah]

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(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of v

1 against

u

1.

[5 marks / markah]

(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between v

1 and

u

1.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 mark / markah]

Hafiz carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the terminal voltage, V,

and the current flows, I using an ammeter, a rheostat and a voltmeter. .

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

Graph of V against I Graf V melawan I

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Current / A Arus / A

1.2

Voltage / V Voltan / V

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The results of the experiment is shown in graph of V against I as shown in Diagram 2.1. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam graf V melawan I seperti ditunjukkan dalam

Rajah 2.1.

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1, Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 2.1,

(i) What happens to the value of V, as the current flow, I, increases?

Apakah yang akan berlaku terhadap nilai V, jika arus yang mengalir bertambah?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark / markah]

(ii) Determine the value of V when I = 0. Show on the graph, how you determine

the value of V. Tentukan nilai V apabila I = 0. Tunjukkan di atas graf bagaimana anda menentukan

nilai V.

V = …………………..

[2 marks / markah]

(b) The magnitude of the gradient of the graph represents the internal resistance of the

battery, r. State how the internal resistance varies with current. Magnitud kecerunan graf itu mewakili rintangan dalam sel itu, r. Nyatakan bagaiamana

rintangan berubah dengan arus

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 mark / markah]

(c) Calculate the magnitude of the gradient of the graph, r. Show on the graph how you

determine value of r. Kirakan kecerunan graf, r. Tunjukkan di atas graf bagaimana nilai r ditentukan

r =……………………………………

[3 marks / markah]

(d) The electromotive force, E of the battery is given by the formula V = - Ir + E where

r is the magnitude of the gradient of the graph, V and I are the corresponding

voltage and current.

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Daya gerak elektrik bateri itu, E, ditakrifkan sebagai V = - Ir + E di mana r ialah

magnitud kecerunan graf itu, V dan I ialah Voltan dan arus yang sepadan.

Calculate the electromotive force, E of the battery when I = 0.40 A Kirakan daya gerak elektrik bateri itu, E apabila I = 0.40 A

E = ..................................................

[2 marks / markah]

(e) The experiment is then repeated using another battery of electromotive force,

E = 6.0 V. When the electric current, I is set to 0.5 A, the voltmeter shows a reading

of 4.0 V.

Calculate the internal resistance, r of the battery. Eksperimen itu kemudiannya diulang menggunakan suatu bateri yang lain dengan daya

gerak elektrik, E = 6.0 V. Apabila arus elektrik, I ditetapkan kepada 0.5 A, voltmeter

menunjukkan bacaan 4.0 V.

Hitung rintangan dalam, r bagi bateri tersebut.

[2 marks / markah]

(f) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of the experiment. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaiki keputusan

eksperimen

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 mark / markah]

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1. A student carries out an experiment to study the relationship between angle of incidence, i, and

the angle of refraction, r, of light ray. A semicircular glass block is put on a circular protractor.

A ray box is switched on to emit a single light ray onto the semicircular glass block. Both the

incident ray and the refracted ray are traced on the white paper. The arrangement of the

apparatus for the experiment is shown in

Figure 1.1.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara sudut tuju, i, dan sudut

biasan, r, bagi sinar cahaya. Sebuah bongkah kaca separa bulat diletakkan di atas jangka sudut berbentuk

bulat. Sebuah kotak sinar dihidupkan untuk memancarkan sinar cahaya ke atas bongkah kaca separa bulat

itu. Kedua-dua sinar tuju dan sinar biasan dilukis di atas kertas putih. Susunan radas bagi eksperimen

tersebut ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.1.

FIGURE 1.1 / RAJAH 1.1

The ray box is fixed at an angle of 20 from the normal. The refracted ray is traced on the paper and

the angle of refraction, r, is measured as shown in Figure 1.2.

Kotak sinar diletakkan pada suatu sudut 20 daripada normal. Sinar biasan yang terhasil kemudiannya

dilukis di atas kertas dan sudut biasan, r, diukur seperti ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.2.

The experiment is repeated by using different angle of incidence, i, 30, 40, 50, and 60. The

corresponding angles of refraction, r, are shown in Figure 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.

Eksperimen tersebut diulangi dengan menggunakan sudut tuju, i, yang berlainan, 30, 40, 50, and 60.

Sudut-sudut biasan, r, yang sepadan ditunjukkan pada rajah-ajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6.

Ray box / Kotak sinar

Normal

Semicircular glass block Bongkah kaca separa bulat

White Paper Kertas putih

Incident ray / Sinar tuju

Refracted ray Sinar biasan

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Figure 1.2 / Rajah 1.2:

Angle of incidence / Sudut tuju, i = 20

Angle of refraction / Sudut biasan, r = …………..

Figure 1.3 / Rajah 1.3:

Angle of incidence / Sudut tuju, i = 30

Angle of refraction / Sudut biasan, r = …………..

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Figure 1.4 / Rajah 1.4:

Angle of incidence / Sudut tuju, i = 40

Angle of refraction / Sudut biasan, r = …………..

Figure 1.5 / Rajah 1.5:

Angle of incidence / Sudut tuju, i = 50

Angle of refraction / Sudut biasan, r = …………..

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(a) For the experiment described on page , identify

Bagi eksperimen yang dijelaskan pada muka surat 66, kenal pasti

(i) the manipulated variable,

pembolehubah dimanipulasi,

………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]

(ii) the responding variable,

pembolehubah bergerak balas,

………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]

(iii) a constant variable.

pembolehubah dimalarkan.

………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]

Figure 1.6 / Rajah 1.6:

Angle of incidence / Sudut tuju, i = 60

Angle of refraction / Sudut biasan, r = …………..

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(b) Based on Figures 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, determine r when i is equal to 20, 30, 40, 50 and

60.

Berdasarkan pada Rajah-rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6, tentukan r apabila i bersamaan dengan 20,

30, 40, 50 dan 60.

Tabulate your results for i, r, sin i, and sin r in the space below.

Jadualkan keputusan anda untuk i, r, sin i, dan sin r dalam ruangan di bawah.

[7 marks / markah]

(c) On a graph paper, plot a graph of sin r against sin i.

Di atas kertas graf, plotkan graf sin r melawan sin i.

[5 marks / markah]

(d) Use your graph to state the relationship between sin r and sin i.

Gunakan graf anda untuk menyatakan hubungan di antara sin r dan sin i.

…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark / markah]

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2. A student carried out an experiment to find out the relationship between the terminal voltage, V,

and the electric current, I, and to determine the electromotive force, E and the internal resistance

of the cell. The student repeated the experiment at five different electric current. Seorang murid menjalankan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara voltan terminal, V, dan arus

elektrik, I, dan untuk menentukan daya gerak elektrik, E, dan rintangan dalam bagi sebuah sel. Murid itu

mengulangi eksperimen tersebut dengan lima nilai arus elektrik yang berlainan.

The results of the experiment are shown on a graph of V against I as in Figure 2.1 Keputusan eksperimen itu ditunjukkan pada graf V melawan I seperti dalam Rajah 2.1

FIGURE 2.1 / Rajah 2.1 (a) Based on the graph in Figure 2.1,

V / V

I / A

Graph of V against I Graf V melawan I

0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3

0.4 0.5 0.7

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

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Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 2.1,

(i) state the relationship between V and I.

nyatakan hubungan antara V dan I.

………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark /markah]

(ii) determine the terminal voltage, V when the electric current, I = 0.3 A.

Show on the graph, how you determine V.

tentukan voltan terminal, V, apabila arus elektrik, I = 0.3 A

Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan V.

V = ……………………. V

[2 marks/markah ]

(b) The electromotive force, E is given by the intercept of V-axis of the graph V against I.

Determine the electromotive force of the cell.

Show on the graph, how you determine E.

Daya gerak elektrik, E, diberikan oleh pintasan di paksi-V bagi graf V melawan I. Tentukan

daya gerak elektrik bagi sel itu.

Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan E.

E = ……………………. V

[2 marks/markah]

(c) The internal resistance, r is given by the following equation:

Rintangan dalam, r, diberikan oleh persamaan berikut:

r = -m

where m is the gradient of the graph V against I.

di mana m adalah kecerunan bagi graf V melawan I.

(i) Determine the gradient of the graph V against I.

Show on the graph how you determine the gradient, m.

Tentukan kecerunan bagi graf V melawan I.

Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan kecerunan, m, tersebut.

m = ………………………….

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[ 3 marks/markah]

(ii) Hence, determine the internal resistance, r.

Maka, tentukan rintangan dalam, r.

r = ……………………………

[ 1 mark/markah]

(d) The experiment is repeated using a different cell of internal resistance, r = 1.6 Ω.

When the electric current is adjusted to 0.5 A, the terminal voltage obtained is 1.2 V.

Calculate the electromotive force, E’ of the cell.

Eksperimen itu diulangi menggunakan sebuah sel lain yang mempunyai rintangan dalam, r =

1.6 Ω. Apabila arus elektrik dilaraskan kepada 0.5 A, voltan terminal yang diperolehi adalah

1.2 V.

Hitung daya gerak elektrik, E’ bagi sel tersebut.

E’ = ……………………………

[ 2 marks/markah]

(e) State one precaution that should be taken during the experiment.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil sepanjang eksperimen itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………….…………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark/markah]

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Diagram 3.1 shows a mineral bottle is placed at the surface under a swimming pool. Diagram 3.2

shows a same size of mineral bottle been placed deep under into the swimming pool. The mineral

bottle suddenly crumple at the base of the swimming pool.

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1 Diagram 3.2

Based on your observation on the condition of the mineral bottle ;

(a) State one suitable inference,

[1 mark]

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated,

(c ) With use of apparatus such as a thistle funnel, a manometer and other

apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b)

3. Diagram 3 shows two similar catapults A and B which are applied with the force of 10 N

and 20 N respectively. Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua buah lastik A dan B yang serupa, masing-masing dikenakan dengan

daya 10 N dan 20 N.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

c) With the use of apparatus such as spring, retort stand and the other apparatus, describe an

experimental framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).

Catapult A / Lastik A Catapult B / Lastik B