skema jawapan biology p2

SULIT

4551/2 ©Hak Cipta Jabatan Pelajaran Selangor SULIT

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK 4551/2

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010 Biologi

Kertas 2

SKEMA JAWAPAN

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGI

Kertas 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

Peraturan Pemarkahan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak

SULIT 2 4552/2


Question 1 Question Num

Criteria Marks

Sub Total

1(a) ( i ) Able to name structures P,Q and R Answer P : Golgi Apparatus Q: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum R : Mitochondria

1 1 1

3

1(a) ( ii ) Able to state the function of R Sample answer R : site for cellular respiration // to generate / produce energy

1

1

1 (b ) Able to explain how P and Q play the role in transporting extracellular enzyme Sample answer P1 : The nucleus / RNA instructs ribosomes to synthesized protein P2 : The synthesized protein is transported in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q P3 : to the transport vesicles P4 : then the Golgi Apparatus / P packages / modifies / sorts / transports the synthesized proteins P5 : to the secretory vesicles to be transported P6 : out of the cell through the plasma membrane Any four

1 1 1 1 1 1

4

1( c ) Able to explain the importance of the occurrence of the stage to the organism Sample answer P1 :The stage is Prophase 1 P2 : ( During the stage ) Crossing over (occurs between the pair of homologous chromosomes) P3 : (resulting the) gametes (formed to) P4 : (have) different (content of) genetic materials P5 : (thus will cause) variation (in organism) P5 : (for) better adaptation (in the environment) P6 : (greater chance of) survival (of the species) Any 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4

Total 12

SULIT 3 4552/2


Question 2

No Criteria Marks

2(a) Able to state two types of muscles that involved in the movement of an earthworm. Answer 1. Circular muscles 2. Longitudinal muscles

1 1

2

2(b) Able to explain the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles action that allow the earthworm to move forward. Sample answer P1: Circular muscles and longitudinal muscles / both muscles act antagonistically // A pair of antagonistic muscles P2: The contraction of circular muscles // relaxation of longitudinal muscles P3: Cause the segments (of the earthworm) to extend / be longer P4: The contraction of longitudinal muscles // the relaxation of circular muscles P5: Cause the segments (of the earthworm) to shorten /shorter Any 3

1 1 1 1 1

3

2(c) (i) Able to label the pectoralis major muscles. Answer

1

1

2(c) (ii) Able to state one organelle that can be found abundantly in muscle cells. Answer Mitochondrion / mitochondria

1

1

2(c) (iii) Able to explain why muscle cells has abundant number of mitochondrion Sample answer P1: to produce (a lot of) energy (in a form of ATP) / ATP P2: for the contraction (and relaxation) of the muscle

1 1

2

2(d) Able to explain why the bones of a female bird which lay eggs are more brittle as its age increases Sample answer F1 : (Bird’s) bones mass decreases E1 : as the bones are more porous / lighter E2 : (since it had) lay many eggs E3 : much calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used in forming the

shells of the eggs E4 : leaving less / little calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used to form

(strong) bones // more bone minerals to be lost than deposited // re-absorption of calcium / phosphorus / phosphates into the blood stream is more than the withdrawing of calcium (during the formation of bones)

Any 3

1 1 1 1 1

3

TOTAL 12

Pectoralis Major Muscles

SULIT 4 4552/2


Question 3

No Criteria Marks

3 (a) Able to name the cell type that matches its respiration equation Answer: Muscle cells Yeast cells

1 1

2

3(b)(i) Able to state the types of respiration: Answer: Muscle cells : Aerobic respiration Yeast cells: Anaerobic respiration

1 1

2

3(b)( ii) Able to state 4 differences in the type of respiration Sample answers:

Muscle cells Yeast cells

Need the presence of oxygen

Oxygen absent

Complete oxidation of glucose

Incomplete oxidation of glucose

Occurs in mitochondrion Occurs in cytoplasm

More /2898 KJ energy produced

Lesser / 210 KJ energy produced

Carbon dioxide + Water + 2898 KJ Energy

Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + 210 KJ Energy

Any 4

1 1 1 1 1

4

3(c) Able to explain what happen to the yeast cells when too much ethanol is produced Sample answer P1 : (Too much ethanol ) causes unsuitable medium / condition

// Toxic / poisonous medium / condition P2 : for yeast cells to reproduced // yeast cells die

1 1

2

3(d) Able to explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter race in 12 seconds Sample answer F : the person is panting / higher breathing rate E1 : as he is in oxygen debt // anaerobic respiration E2 : much lactic acid is produced (in his muscle cells) E3 : causes muscle cramp Any two

1 1 1 1

2

TOTAL 12

SULIT 5 4552/2


Question 4 No Criteria Marks

Sub Total

4 a ( i ) Able to name the type of response Answer Tropism / phototropism Able to describe the response Sample answer P1 : the plant shoot grows / bends P2 : towards light

1 1 1

3

4 b ( i ) 4 b ( ii )

Able to explain why the plumule grows towards direction X Sample answer E1 : auxin stimulates / promotes cell elongation at the shoot ( tip ) E2 : more auxin is distributed at the darker / lower side of the shoot (tip comparing to the bright / upper side) E3 : (so at the darker / lower side) the rate of cell elongation is higher (than the bright / upper side) E4 : the shoot ( tip ) grows / bends towards light /away from gravity. Able to explain why the radicle grows towards direction Y. Sample answer E5 : (High concentration of) auxin inhibits cell elongation at radicle /

root ( tip ) E6 : more auxin is distributed at the lower / darker side of the root ( tip

comparing to the upper / brighter side) E7 : so at the lower / darker side of the root ( tip ) the rate of cell

elongation is slower (than the brighter / upper side) E8 : so the root grows / bends downward toward gravity / away from

light Any 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6

4 ( c ) Able to state one difference in the role of auxin in shoot tip compared to root tip. Sample answer P1 : At shoot ( tip, high concentration of ) auxin stimulates cell elongation) but at root ( tip ) auxin inhibits cell elongation

1

1

4 ( d ) Able to explain one importance of the response to the plant Sample answer F1 : Positive Phototropism // Negative Geotropism E1 : enables the plant to receive maximum amount of sunlight for photosynthesis // any suitable explanation OR F1 : Negative Phototropism // Positive Geotropism E1 : enables the root ( hair ) to absorb nutrients / mineral salts from the soil // any suitable explanation

1 1 1 1

2

TOTAL 12

SULIT 6 4552/2



5(a) Able to state the genotype of the black colour wing and the genotype of the pale and speckled wing Answer Genotype of black colour wing : BB / Bb Genotype of pale and speckled wing : bb

1 1

2

( b ) Able to state the dominant trait and give an explanation Sample answer Dominant trait : Black colour wing Explanation : E1 : More number of moth are black colour // There are three black colour moth and only one pale and speckled wing // 75 % of the

moth have black colour wing while 25% of the moth have pale and speckled wing // The presence of dominant gene / B.

1 1

2

( c ) Able to explain how the offspring inherits the pale and speckled wing Sample answer P1 : Both parents are heterozygous / have genotype Bb P2 : during meiosis P3 : the (male) gamete receive allele B or b // the (female) gamete receive allele B or b P4 : during fertilization P5 : the male gamete with allele b fused with female gamete with allele b (so the offspring has genotype bb // pale and speckled wing) Any 3

1 1 1 1 1

3

( d ) Able to state one importance of the difference in wing colour to the moth Sample answer P1 : to have varieties in colour of the moth // variation P2 : better adaptation to the environment // camouflage P3 : better survival of the spesies // Any suitable explanation Any 1

1 1 1

1

(e) (i) Able to name the process that causes the occurrence Answer Mutation / Deletion / Chromosomal mutation

1

1

(e) (ii) Able to explain how the mutagen causes the occurrence Sample answer F1 : Mutagen is radioactive radiation / X-ray / formaldehyde / carcinogens

/ monosodium glutamate // Any suitable example E1 : The mutagen has high penetrating power // high radiation // mutagen

able to reach the DNA in the cells / nucleus / chromosomes E2 : causing (drastic) change to the structure of the chromosome E3 : resulting section P to be deleted // gene P to be missing Any 3

1 1 1 1

3

TOTAL 12

SULIT 7 4552/2


Question 6

No Criteria Marks

6(a) Able to explain how glucose is transported across the cell through X. Sample Answer: F: By facilitated diffusion E1: with the aid of carrier protein / X E2: when the concentration of glucose at the outside cell is higher

(than inside cell) E3: glucose binds with (the active site of) the carrier protein / X E4 : Carrier protein / X changes shape E5: allowing glucose to move into the cell E6 : Carrier protein resumes / change to its original shape E7 : no energy is needed for the transport process Any 4

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

4

6 ( b ) Able to explain the absorption and assimilation of digested food. Sample Answers: F1 : ileum has (the adaptive features such as having) many villi /

villus / very thin cell wall / villus are surrounded by dense network of blood capillary / lacteal

E1 : to increase the rate of diffusion of the digested food E2 : glucose diffused from villi into the blood capillary to the liver

via the hepatic portal vein E3 : excess glucose is converted to glycogen (to be kept in the

liver) E4 : glycogen acts as stored food E5 : In body tissue,glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration

to produced energy E6 : amino acids from villi diffuse into blood capillary to the liver

via the hepatic portal vein E7 : excess amino acids is deaminated / converted into urea (to

be excreted through the kidney) E8 : amino acid will be used to synthesis new protoplasm / repair

of damaged tissues// used to synthesis proteins of plasma membrane//produce enzymes/antibodies/hormones

E9 : fatty acids diffuse from villi into lacteal E10: then transported to the thoracic duct /right lymphatic vessel// lymphatic vessel E11: to the subclavian veins back to the blood circulatory system E12: fatty acids is synthesized to form the plasma membrane E13 : stored in the adipose tissues (beneath the skin as a source of energy) Any 10

1

1

1 1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

10

SULIT 8 4552/2


6 ( c ) Able to explain how the treatment can help a person to reduce body mass Answer: P1: Small intestine is the site / organ where digestion /

absorption of (digested) food occur P2 : Slower rate of hydrolysing of food (to simplest food) P3 : ileum / small intestine (has intestinal gland to) produce (intestinal juice containing digestive enzymes P4 : shorter ileum has lesser villi / lower surface area P5 : so the rate of diffusion of digested food is slower P6: less digested food is absorbed into blood capillary from the villus P7: the body tissue received less glucose (to undergo cellular respiration) P8: lack of glucose will cause the adipose tissues / stored fats to

be oxidized/used to produce energy P9: reducing the amount of fats stored // increasing the amount of fats used P10: thus reducing the body mass Any 6

1

1 1

1 1 1

1

1

1

1

6

TOTAL 20

Question 7

No Criteria Marks

7 ( a ) Able to explain the how W is formed Sample answer F : When there is cut in the blood vessels E1: (a group of) platelets clump / stick together E2 : to release trombokinase / thromboplastin E3 : ( thrombokinase / thromboplastin ) converts prothrombin to trombin E4 : ( thrombin ) converts fibrinogen to fibrins / structure W ( fibrins/ W traps erythrocytes / red blood cells ) E5 : then forms scab ( scab dried) / wound is healed Any 4

1 1 1 1 1 1

4

7( b ) ( i) Able to explain the composition of fluid in P and Q Sample answer F1: Fluid P is red in colour, fluid Q is colourless E1: because fluid P has haemoglobin, fluid Q does not have haemoglobin F2: Fluid P contain red blood cell, fluid Q has no red blood cell E2: because the red blood cells are too large to diffuse / move

out of the blood capillary ( to form interstitial fluid ) F3: Fluid P contain blood cells and blood plasma, fluid Q only contain blood plasma without protein plasma E3: because the protein plasma are too large to diffused out of

1 1 1 1 1 1

6

SULIT 9 4552/2


the blood capillary F4 : Fluid Q contain more lymphocytes , Fluid P contain less lymphocyes E4 : because as fluid Q flows through the lymphatic nodes , lymphocyes are produced. Any 3 pairs of F and E.

1 1

7( b )( ii ) Able to explain how fluid in Q is formed Sample answer F : The blood / the blood capillaries has very high hydrostatic

pressure E1: forcing the blood plasma without the plasma proteins /

erythrocytes / platelets E2: to diffused out into the spaces between the tissues E3: to form intestitial fluid E4: (90% of the intestitial fluid diffused back into the blood capillary but) 10%/small quantity of the fluid diffused E5: into the lymphatic capillaries ( the vessels with blunt end) E6: forming lymph/lymphatic fluid / fluid Q E7: consisting of blood plasma without protein plasma / contains glucose,water, amino acids, minerals, vitamins ) Any 5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5

7 ( c ) Able to explain the importance of the lymphatic system F1: maintaining the composition of blood E1: the 10%/ small quantity of the interstitial/body fluid / blood

plasma without the protein plasma diffused back (from the lymphatic system) into the blood circulatory system ( diffused into the right and left subclavian veins from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct )

F2: Acts as a body defence E2: the lymphocytes which are produced in the lymphatic nodes E3: produced antibody E4: spleen produces phagocytes E5: to kill pathogens E6- and filters pathogen Any 5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5

TOTAL

20

SULIT 10 4552/2



8(a) Able to describe how double fertilization occurs in a plant. Sample answers: P1: Anther produces pollen grains / male gamete P2: Pollen mother cell (in the anther) undergoes meiosis to produce (four) megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad P3: Megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad develop into pollen grains P4: The nucleus of each megaspore (n) / haploid cell / divides by mitosis P5: to form one tube nucleus and one generative nucleus P6: (When a pollen grain falls on the stigma,) the secretion of sucrose solution on the stigma P7: stimulates (the pollen grain to germinate to) form pollen tube P8: (During the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus divides mitotically P9: to produce two male gametes. P10: the two male gametes move/follow behind the tube nucleus (down

the pollen tube until they) reach the micropyle and enter ovule (for double fertilization) P11: the tube nucleus disintegrates and the two male gametes enter the

embryo sac. P12: (During double fertilisation) one male gamete fuses with the egg cell/ovum to form a diploid zygote and P13: the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occurs ) Any 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

8(b) Able to describe the advantages of birth control methods in family Sample answers: Contraceptive pill P1: contains oestrogen / progesterone hormone P2: (oestrogen / progesterone hormone) can prevent the formation of follicles in the ovary P3: prevents ovulation // inhibits the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone / FSH / Luteinising Hormone / LH P4: no fertilization occur // the woman is not pregnant P5 : efficient / safe method (of birth control)

Intrauterine device P6: (Intrauterine) device is inserted into the uterus (by doctors). P7: left in the uterus (for approximately two, three and five years) P8: irritates the endometrium / prevents the thickening of the uterine wall

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

SULIT 11 4552/2


P9: Prevent the implantation of embryo P10: No development of zygote / no pregnancy P11 : efficient/safe method (of birth control)

Vasectomy P12: the vas deferens are tied / cut in a surgical operation P13: the sperms are still produced but cannot be transferred out / reach the uterus / Fallopian tube P14: no fertilization P15 : efficient/safe method (of birth control) (P5, P11 and P15, mark awarded once only) Any 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total 20

Question 9

No Criteria Marks

9(a) Able to explain the importance of maintaining the biodiversity in the pond ecosystem. Sample answer : F1: as a source of food E1: fish / any suitable example has a high protein content / any suitable food class content F2 : as a source of oxygen supply E2: the green plants undergo photosynthesis ( during photosynthesis oxygen is produced ) F3 : as a source of carbon dioxide supply E4 : the organism undergo respiration (during respiration carbon dioxide is produced ) E5 : a balanced carbon cycle F4 : as a source of clean water supply E6 : the dead organism are decomposed by the bacteria/fungi F5 : interaction between plants and animals E7 : the consumers depend on the producer for food E8 : in the food chain / food web E9 : energy flow from one tropic level to another tropic level F6 : as a habitat for plant /animals /any suitable example E10 : the suitable conditions allow the organism to breed / increase the population / varieties E11: resulting in biodiversity E12 : a balanced ecosystem Any 10

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

SULIT 12 4552/2


9(b) Able to discuss how the activities endanger the ecosystem Sample Answer: F1: ( CFC ) causes depletion of ozone layer E1: Penetration of excess/more UV rays E2: Skin cancer/melanoma/sunburns/cataract // Any suitable example E3: Reduces body immune system E4: Leaf cells and chlorophyll are easily damaged // Lower rate of

photosynthesis E5: Kill microorganisms / phytoplankton E6 : Disruption/destruction of food chain/web E7 : Climatic changes // Any suitable example E8 : Surrounding temperature increases F2: ( Combustion of fossil fuel ) causes acid rain // air pollution E7: Factories release a large amount of nitrogen oxide/nitrogen dioxide/sulphur dioxide/carbon monoxides / dust in the

atmosphere. E8: Acid rain – soil become acidic (so less suitable for the cultivation of certain crops) // lower yield E9: Disruption of food chain / food web E10: Photosynthetic tissues are destroyed// Roots damaged and cannot absorb minerals/water//lower rate of photosynthesis E11: Metal railings / bridges corrode/ any suitable example E12: Health problem: asthma/bronchitis/ and suitable respiratory problem E13: Skin and eye irritation / conjunctivitis Any 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10

TOTAL 20

skema jawapan biology p2

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