spm biology perlis 2010

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SULIT 2 4551/2

Section A

Bahagian A

[60 marks/ 60 markah]

Answerall questions this section

Jawabsemua

soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Figure 1 shows humans cheek cell observed through an electron microscope.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sel pipi manusia di bawah mikroskop elektron.

Figure 1/ Rajah 1

1(a)(i) Name the structure labeled R and .

Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q.

P : .

Q :

[2 marks/2 markah]

1(a)(i)

(a)(ii) P and Q involve in the process of enzyme synthesis. State the roles of P and Q

in this process.

P dan Q terlibat di dalam proses sintesis enzim. Nyatakan peranan P dan Q di

dalam proses ini.

.

.

.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

1(a)(ii)

2

2

http://edu.joshuatly.comhttp://exammy.com/


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SULIT 3 4551/2

(b)(i) Cheek cell and onion epidermal cells are observed under light microscope.

Draw a labeled diagram of an onion epidermal cell observed under the light

microscope.

Sel pipi dan sel epidermis bawang dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Lukiskan

gambarajah berlabel untuk sel epidermis bawang yang dilihat di bawah

mikroskop cahaya.

[2 marks/2 markah]

1(b)(i)

(ii) State two differences in structure between a cheek cell and an onion epidermal

cell that is observed under the microscope.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur sel pipi dan sel epidermis bawang

yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop.

.

.

[2 mark/ 2 markah]

1(b)(ii)

(c) If structure R is removed from a cell. Explain what would happen to the growth

of the cell.

Jika struktur R dibuang daripada sel. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku

kepada tumbesaran sel.

.

.

[2 marks/2 markah]

1(c)

2

2

2



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SULIT 4 4551/2

(d) Explain why meristematic cells have more organelle S compared to cheek cells.

Terangkan mengapa sel meristem mempunyai lebih banyak organel S

berbanding sel pipi.

.

.

.

.

[2 marks/2 markah]

TOTAL

1(d)

2 Figure 2 shows two cell division processes P and Q that occur in two different

types of cell.Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua proses pembahagian sel iaitu P dan Q yang berlaku

dalam dua jenis sel yang berbeza.

Figure 2/ Rajah 2

2

12



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SULIT 5 4551/2

(a)(i) State the importance of processes P and Q.

Nyatakan kepentingan bagi proses P dan Q

P: .

Q:

[2 marks/2 markah]

2(a)(i)

(ii) Where do processes P and Q occur in an animal?

Di manakah proses-proses P dan Q berlaku dalam haiwan?

P:

Q:

[2marks/ 2 markah]

2(a) (ii)

(b) (i) X and Y are stages in processes P and Q respectively.

Describe the behavior of chromosomes in X and Y.

X dan Y adalah peringkat-peringkat dalam proses P dan proses Q.

Huraikan perlakuan kromosom dalam X dan Y.

X:

Y:

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

2(b)(i)

(ii) Draw the cell behavior in stages X and Y in the space provided.

Lukiskan perlakuan sel di peringkat X dan Y dalam ruang yang disediakan.

X Y

[2marks/ 2markah]

2(b) (ii)

2

2

2

2



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SULIT 6 4551/2

(c) State one differences between process P and Q.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara proses P dan Q.

.

.

.

[1 marks/ 1 markah]

2(c)

(d)(i). Which process related to the formation of cancerous cells?

Proses yang manakah berkaitan dengan pembentukan sel-sel kanser?

[1mark/ 1 markah]

2(d) (i)

(ii) Explain how cancerous cells are formed in human body.

Terangkan bagaimana sel-sel kanser terbentuk dalam badan manusia.

.

[2marks/ 2 markah]

TOTAL

2(d)(ii)

1

2

1

12



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SULIT 7 4551/2

3. Figure 3 shows a part of paddy field ecosystem.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada ekosistem dalam sawah padi.

Figure 3/ Rajah 3

3(a) Based on Figure 3, name the producers in the paddy field ecosystem.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3, namakan pengeluar di dalam ekosistem sawah padi.

[1 mark/ 1 mark]

3(a)

(b) Give two ways in which energy may be lost in the food web.

Nyatakan dua cara bagaimana tenaga boleh hilang di dalam siratan

makanan.

[1 marks/ 1 markah]

3(b)

1

2



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SULIT 8 4551/2

(c) Calculate how much energy is received by the secondary consumer in the

food web if the energy in producer is 10 000kJ.

Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang diterima oleh pengguna kedua di dalam siratan

makanan jika jumlah tenaga di dalam pengeluar adalah

10 000KJ.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(c)

3(d)(i) Based on the food web, draw and name the organism in each trophic level

in the pyramid of numbers.

Berdasarkan siratan makanan, lukis dan namakan organisma pada setiap

aras tropik dalam pyramid nombor itu.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(d)(i)

2

2



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SULIT 9 4551/2

3(d)(ii) State two differences that you can see from the base to the top of the

pyramid number.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan yang dapat dilihat dari tapak ke puncak piramid

nombor.

1 : ..

2 : ..

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(d)(ii)

(e) Explain the interaction between frog and snake in controlling the population

size in the ecosystem.

Terangkan hubungan di antara katak dan ular dalam mengawal saiz

populasi dalam ekosistem.

.

[3 marks/ 3 markah]

3(e)

(f) Decomposers play an important role in an ecosystem. Name one example of

decomposer and explain its role in an ecosystem.

Pengurai memainkan peranan penting di dalam ekosistem. Namakan satu

jenis pengurai dan terangkan peranannya di dalam ekosistem.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

TOTAL

3(f)

2

2

14

3



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SULIT 10 4551/2

4. Figure 4.1 shows a human vertebra.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan vertebra manusia.

Figure 4.1 / Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the part labeled P and R.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel R.

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(a)

(b) State the function of Q.

Nyatakan fungsi Q.

...

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(b)

(c)(i) State one type of mineral that is essential for the strength of this vertebra.

Nyatakan satu jenis mineral yang diperlukan untuk menguatkan vertebra ini.

.

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(c)(i)

(c)(ii) Explain how the lack of mineral stated in (c)(i) leads to osteoporosis.

Huraikan bagaimana kekurangan mineral yang dinyatakan di (c)(i) membawa

kepada osteoporosis.

..

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

4(c)(ii)

Q

P

R

1

1

1

2



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SULIT 11 4551/2

(c)(iii) Suggest one way on how to reduce the risk of this disease.

Cadangkan satu cara bagaimana untuk mengurangkan risiko mendapat

penyakit ini.

..

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(c)(iii)

Figure 4.2(a) shows the cross section of a water hyacinth stem and figure

4.2 (b) shows the cross section of a woody plant.

Rajah 4.2(a) menunjukkan keratan rentas batang pokok keladi bunting dan

rajah 4.2 (b) menunjukkan keratin rentas bagi pokok berkayu.

(e)(i) What is structure P?

Apakah structure P?

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(e)(i)

(e)(ii) Explain how structure P helps the plant in support.

Terangkan bagaimana struktur P membantu tumbuhan dalam sokongan.

[3 marks/ 3 markah]

4(e)(ii)

1

1

3

Figure 4.2(a) Figure 4.2 (b)

Rajah 4.2(a) Rajah 4.2 (b)



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SULIT 12 4551/2

(f) Describe how woody plant is supported by structure Q in figure 4.2 (b).

Terangkan bagaimana pokok berkayu disokong oleh struktur Q dalam rajah

4.2 (b).

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

TOTAL

4(f)

5. Figure 5.1 shows the structure of a type of nucleic acid.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur sejenis asid nukleik.

Figure5.1/ Rajah 5.1

5(a) Based on the Figure 5, name the type of nucleic acid as shown.

Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis asid nukleik yang ditunjukkan.

..

[1 mark / 1 markah]

5(a)

12

2

1



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SULIT 13 4551/2

5(b) Draw and label a basic unit of structure show in figure 5.1.

Lukis dan labelkan unit asas bagi struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 5.1.

[2 marks / 2 markah]

5(b)

5(c) Explain the role of structure in figure 5.1 in determining the characteristics of

organisms.

Terangkan peranan struktur dalam rajah 5.1 dalam menentukan ciri-ciri

organism.

.


5(d)(i)

5(d) Name another type of nucleic acid.

Namakan satu lagi jenis asid nukleik.

......

[1 mark / 1 markah]

5(e)

2

3

1



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SULIT 14 4551/2

(e) (i)

Figure 5.3/ Rajah5.3

Complete the structure in figure 5.3.

Lengkapkan struktur dalam rajah 5.3.


5(e)(i)

(e)(ii) State the component that determines the characteristics of an organism.

Nyatakan komponen yang menentukan ciri-ciri sesuatu organisma.


TOTAL

2

12

1



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SULIT 15 4551/2

PAPER 2 SECTION B

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6 The photographs in Figure 6.1 show three individuals with different needs for energy.

Fotograf dalam Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tiga individu dengan keperluan tenaga yang

berbeza.

A lady athlete/

Olahragawati(11 000kJ)

A pregnant lady/

Wanita mengandung

(10 000kJ)

An old lady/

Perempuan tua

(6500kJ)

Figure 6.1/ Rajah 6.1

(a)(i) What is a balanced diet? Why do we need a balanced diet?

Apakah gizi yang seimbang? Kenapa kita memerlukan gizi yang seimbang?




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SULIT 16 4551/2

(a)(ii) Based on your biological knowledge about balanced diet, explain the factors that

determine the energy requirement for the three individuals in figure 6.1.

Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda tentang gizi seimbang, terangkan faktor-faktor

yang menentukan keperluan tenaga bagi tiga individu dalam rajah 6.1.


(b) Figure 6.2 shows humans digestive system. X is part of the cross section of structure Y.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia. X ialah sebahagian daripada

keratan rentas struktur Y.

Figure 6.2/ Rajah 6.2

Y

X



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SULIT 17 4551/2

(i) What are the processes that occur in structure Y?

Describe the processes by giving examples.

Apakah proses-proses yang berlaku dalam struktur Y?

Dengan memberikan contoh huraikan proses-proses itu.

[5 marks/ 5 markah]

(b)(ii) Describe the adaptations of X that allow structure Y to carry out its function efficiently.

Huraikan penyesuaian-penyesuaian X yang membolehkan struktur menjalankan

fungsinya dengan efisien.

[5 marks/ 5 markah]

7. Figure 7 shows the events leading to the greenhouse effect

Gambarajah 7 menunjukkan fenomena kesan rumah hijau.

Figure 7/ Rajah7

(a) With reference to figure 7, describe the steps involved in the formation of the

greenhouse effect

Dengan merujuk kepada rajah 7, huraikan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam

pembentukan kesan rumah hijau.

[5 marks /5 markah]



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SULIT 18 4551/2

(b) In many parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned.

Explain why this may be contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Di kebanyakan negara, hutan ditebang dan dibakar.

Terangkan mengapa keadaan ini menyumbang kepada kesan rumah hijau.

[5 marks/5 markah]

(c) Describe the other causes besides deforestation and the overall effects of the

enhanced greenhouse effect.

Huraikan penyebab lain selain penebangan dan kesannya ke atas kesan rumah hijau.

[10 marks/10 markah]

8(a) Graphs 8.1 (a) and 8.1 (b) show the growth curve of human and insect.

Based on the graphs, compare the growth process in human and insect.

Graf 8.1(a) dan 8.1(b) menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan bagi manusia dan

serangga.

Berdasarkan graf , bandingkan proses pertumbuhan manusia dan serangga.

Graph 8.1.(a) : Growth curve for human

: Lengkung Pertumbuhan manusia.

Height(cm)

Time (year)



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SULIT 19 4551/2

Graph 8.1 (b) : Growth curve for insect

: Lengkung pertumbuhan serangga.


(b)

Based on your biological knowledge in reproduction technology, explain how the

couple can have children.

Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda dalam teknologi pembiakan, terangkan

bagaimanakah pasangan ini untuk memperolehi anak.

[10 marks/10 markah]

A couple, Mr Zafrie and Mrs Munirah had married almost ten years but still do

not have any child. After undergone an inspection, they found that the husband

does not have any problem but the Fallopian tube of Mrs Munirah is blocked.

Pasangan suami isteri, Encik Zafrie dan Puan Munirah telah berkahwin

hampir sepuluh tahun tetapi masih tidak mempunyai anak. Setelah

pemeriksaan dilakukan, didapati suaminya tidak mempunyai sebarang

masalah tetapi tiub Fallopio Puan Munirah telah tersumbat.

Length(cm)

Time (day)



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SULIT 20 4551/2

9

(a)

Figure 9 shows various types of thumbprints.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan pelbagai jenis cap jari.

Figure 9/ Rajah 9

(i) Explain the type of variation shown in Figure 9.

Terangkan jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.

[4 marks/ 4 markah]

(ii) Compare the variation shown in figure 9 with the type of variation shown by body mass.

Bandingkan variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 9 dengan jenis variasi yang

ditunjukkan oleh jisim badan.

[6 marks/ 6 markah]



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SULIT 21 4551/2

(b) Two parents who are both thin and are able to roll their tongues have a son who is fat

and is able to roll their tongue. Explain how this happens.

Ibubapa yang mana kedua-duanya adalah kurus dan boleh menggulung lidah

mempunyai seorang anak yang gemuk dan boleh menggulung lidah. Terangkan

bagaimana ia berlaku.


END OF QUESTION PAPER



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SULIT 4551/3

4551/3 2010 Hak cipta Panitia Biol ogi Negeri Perlis [Lihatsebelah

2

1.

Answerall questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

A group of students conducted an experiment to investigate how different amount of water

intake influence the urine production. The volumes of water intake and urine produced afterhalf an hour is shown in Table 1.1. This experiment was repeated twice.

Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengambilan

amaun air yang berbeza mempengaruhi penghasilan air kencing. Isipadu air yang diambil dan

air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas setengah jam ditunjukkan di dalam Jadual 1.1. Eksperimen

ini diulangi sebanyak 2 kali.

Table 1.1 shows the volume of water intake and the urine produced after half an hour.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan isipadu air yang diambil dan air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas

setengah jam.



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SULIT 4551/3


3

Table 1.1

Jadual 1.1



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SULIT 4551/3


4

(a) Complete Table 1.1 to show the volumes of urine production after half an

hour.

Lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 untuk menunjukkan isipadu air kencing yang

terhasil selepas setengah jam.[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

1(a)

(b) (i) State two observations that can be made from this experiment based on

Table 1.1

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen

berdasarkan Jadual 1.1

Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1:

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2:

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

(ii) State the inferences from the observations in 1 (c) (i)

Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 1 (c) (i)

Inference from observation 1 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:


1(b)(i)

1(b)(ii)

3

3

3



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SULIT 4551/3


5

Table 1.2

Jadual 1.21(c)


(c) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable

Pembolehubah

Method to handle variable

Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Manipulated variable:Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

.

.

Responding variable:

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

Constant variable:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.


1(d)

3

3



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SULIT 4551/3


6

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.

Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam

eksperimen ini.

Your table should have the following aspects.

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek- aspek berikut:- Volume of water intake / Isipadu air yang diambil

-Average of volume of urine produced / Purata isipadu air kencing

yang terhasil

- Percentage of urine produced / Peratus air kencing yang terhasil

Percentage of urine

produced=

Volume of urine produced X 100%

Volume of water intake

Peratus air kencing

yang dihasilkan=

Isipadu air kencing terhasil X 100%

Isipadu air yang diambil


1(e)(i)

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 8 to answer this question. Using

the data in 1(e) (i) draw a bar chart to show the relationships between

volume of water intake with the percentage of urine produced.

Guna kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman 8 untuk menjawab soalan

ini. Dengan menggunakan data di 1(e) (i) lukis satu carta bar untuk

menunjukkan hubungan antara isipadu pengambilan air dengan

peratusan air kencing yang dihasilkan.


1(e)(ii)

3

3



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SULIT 4551/3


7

(f) Based on the bar chart in 1 (e) (ii), explain the relationships between the

volume of water intake to the percentage of urine produced .

Berdasarkan carta bar dalam 1(e) (ii), terangkan perkaitan isipadu

pengambilan air dengan peratusan air kencing yang dihasilkan..

..


1(f)

(g) State the operational definition of urine production based on this

experiment.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penghasilan air kencing

berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

..

..


1(g)

(h) If the students in this experiment is asked to stay in a room with 16C

temperature, predict the volume of urine produced after half an hour.

Explain your prediction.

Jika pelajar yang terlibat di suruh berada di dalam bilik bersuhu 16C,

ramalkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas setengah jam.

Terangkan ramalan anda.


1(h)

3

3

3



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SULIT 4551/3


8



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SULIT 4551/3


9

(i) (i) Based on Table 1.1, classify the apparatus and materials used in this

experiment.Berdasarkan Jadual 1.1, kelaskan radas dan bahan yang digunakan di

dalam eksperimen ini.

Apparatus / Radas Materials / Bahan


1(i)

3



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SULIT 4551/3


10

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

Based on the above statement and Diagram 2, design a laboratory experiment to study the level

of water pollution in three river water samples taken from Village X, Y and Z.

Berdasarkan maklumat dan Rajah 2 di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk

mengkaji aras pencemaran air pada tiga sampel air sungai yang diambil daripada Kampung X,

Y dan Z.

Eutrofication occurs usually due to the inflow of organic matter into the river. The increase

in nutrients may cause producers such as algae to grow in abundance. When a large number of

algae die, decomposition by bacteria and fungi utilizes a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the

water causing the BOD value and level of pollution to increase.

Eutrofikasi biasanya berlaku disebabkan pengaliran bahan organik ke dalam sungai.Peningkatan bahan-bahan nutrien menyebabkan pertumbuhan pengeluar seperti alga berlaku

dengan pesat. Apabila sebahagian besar alga ini mati, penguraian oleh bakteria dan kulat

menggunakan banyak oksigen terlarut yang menyebabkan nilai BOD dan aras pencemaran

meningkat.

2.



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SULIT 4551/3


11

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement / Pernyataan masalah

Objective of investigation / Objektif penyiasatan

Hypothesis / Hipotesis

Variables / Pembolehubah

List of apparatus and material / Senarai radas dan bahan

Technique used / Teknik yang digunakan

Experimental procedure / Kaedah eksperimen

Conclusion / Kesimpulan


END OF QUESTION PAPER



67/84

SKEMA JAWAPAN Biologi Kertas 1 2010

No Answers No Answers

1. C 26. C

2. C 27. D

3. C 28. B

4. A 29. D

5. C 30. A

6. B 31. B

7. C 32. A

8. A 33. C

9. C 34. A

10. B 35. C11. D 36. C

12. D 37. A

13. C 38. D

14. B 39. D

15. C 40. C

16. A 41. D

17. C 42. C

18. B 43. C

19. A 44. A

20. C 45. D

21. D 46. A

22. A 47. A

23. C 48. B

24. D 49. C

25. C 50. A



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SULIT 1

SkemaTrialBiology2010

1

PANITIABIOLOGI NEGERI PERLIS 2010

SCHEME PAPER 2 SECTION A: structured questions

Item No. SuggestedAnswers : Marks

1(a) (i) P : Rough endoplasmic reticulumQ : Golgi body

11

(2marks)

(ii) - Ribosome at P synthesizes protein- Protein that is synthesized is transported by P to Q- Q modifies the protein to enzymes/Q packages the enzyme/protein

111

(3 marks)

(b) (i)

Shape andstructure:

1

3-4 labelscorrect:

1

(2 marks)

(ii) The onion epidermal cell has cell wall while cheek cell do not have cellwall

1

(1 mark)

(c) - The cell does not divide/differentiate- because there are no genes (that control

mitosis/differentiation)

11

(2 marks)

(d) - S (mitocondria) : it generates energy- Meristematic cells require more energy to undergo mitosis/cell

Division

1

1

(2 marks)

TOTAL: 12

nucleus

Cellwall

cytoplasm

vacuole



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SULIT 2


2


2 (a)(i) P : To produce gamete cellQ : Repair damage tissue / for growth

11

(2 marks)

(ii) P: In reproductive organ// ovary// testis

Q: in all somatic cells

1

1

(2 marks)

(b)(i) X: metaphase 1

Y: anaphase Both answers correct:

1

(1 mark)

(ii) X : metaphase 1 Y : anaphase

Correct

diagramaward

1 mark

(2 marks)

(c) 1. crossing over occur in P but not in Q

2. Process P produces 4 daughter cells whereas process Q produces 2daughter cells.

3. Daughter cells produced in P have variation whereas daughter cells

produced in Q are identical to parent cell.Any two

1

1

1

(2 marks)

(d)(i) Process Q 1

(1 mark)

(ii) F : The cancer cells occur due to severe disruption of mechanism thatcontrols the cell cycle.

E : The cells divide without control and regulation to form cancerous cells//uncontrolled division of cells forms cancerous cells.

1

1

F & E = 2,

F=1,

E = 0

TOTAL: 12



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SULIT 3


3


3.(a) Paddy plant 1 (1 mark)

3(b) Sunlight 1 (1 mark)

3(c) (i) respiration

(ii) excretion

(iii) defaecation

1

1

1 any two

(2 marks)

3(d) 10 000 Kj 10% 1000 Kj 10% 100Kj

Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer

10 / 100 X 10 000 kJ = 1000 kJ

10 / 100 X 1000 kJ = 100 kJ

1

1

(2 marks)

3(e)(i) CorrectShape 1m

Label:

2-4 correct 1m

1 correct 0m

(2 marks)

(e)(ii) 1. Dari tapak ke atas bilangan organism semakin bertambah

2. Saiz organism dari tapak ke atas semakin bertambah

1

1

(2 marks)

(f) Bacteria and fungi.

They break down waste products and dead bodies of other organisms

into simpler substances to be used again by plants.

2

1

1

(2 marks)

Total : 13

Paddyplant

Grasshopper/caterpillar/bird

Bird/frog

Snake



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SULIT 4


4


4 (a) R : centrum 1 (1 mark)

(b) P : muscle attachment

Q : the placing of spinal cord

1

1 (2 marks)

(c) Lumbar vertebra 1 (1 mark)

(d)(i) calcium/ phosphorus 1 (1 mark)

(ii) osteoporosis // Porous / brittle bone 1 (1 mark)

(iii) taking a diet rich in calcium/phosphorus and vitamin D // drink milk, regularexercise (any one)

1(1 mark)

(e) (i) P: air sac 1 (1 mark)

(ii) P: to reduce the density of aquatic plant // to keep aquatic plant light 1 (1 mark)

(iii) -able to float-get enough sun light -carry out photosynthesis

111 (any two)

(2 marks)

TOTAL: 11

5(a) DNA 1 (1 mark)

5(b) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus 1 (1 mark)

5(c ) - Carry genetic information

- Direct protein synthesis

1

1 (2 marks)

5(d)(i) Nucleotide 1 (1 mark)

(ii) X : Phosphate group

Y : Pentose sugar / Sugar

Z : Nitrogenous base

1

1

1 (3 marks)

(iii) Z 1 (1 mark)

5(e) RNA 1 (1 mark)

5(f) P : Adenine / Q:Thymine // P : Cytosine / Q: Guanine //P: Thymine / Q: Adenine // P : Guanine / Q: Cytosine (any two correctpairs)

1

1 (2 marks)

TOTAL: 12



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SULIT 5


5


Section B: ESSAY

Item No. SuggestedAnswers : Marks

6 (a)(i) A balanced diet is the foods that contain correct proportion of nutrients

which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water anddietary fibre / roughage//

A balanced diet is one which contains the correct proportions of all the

different food requirement of the body.

We need a balanced diet to supply enough energy for each days activities

1

1

(2 marks)

(ii) A lady athlete:

F1: An athlete is a very active person and has high rate of metabolism

to produce energy.

E1: The diet should include more carbohydrates to supply enough energy

to carry out the vigorous activity in sports.// She needs to contract and

relax her muscles frequently for her vigorous activities. //Energy is

needed to contract the muscles.

E2: The diet should include more protein to build new tissues to replace

tissues that are dead or damaged.

E3: She also needs calcium, sodium and potassium to strengthen the

bones and to prevent muscular cramp.

A pregnant lady:

F2: A pregnant lady has a high rate of metabolism to provide energy

for herself and the baby.

E4: The pregnant lady also needs more iron and calcium to build red blood

cells to avoid anemia.

E5: She needs a high quantity of calcium and phosphate to form strong

teeth and bones for the baby.

An old lady:

F3: An old lady has low rate of metabolism as she does not need

energy to grow. (age)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1



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SULIT 6


6


E6: An old lady needs less carbohydrates and fats because she is less

active and thus do not need much energy.

E7: she needs more proteins, vitamins and minerals to replace dead

tissues and maintain her daily activities

E8:She needs calcium and phosphorus to prevent osteoporosis

E9: She should avoid food that contains a lot of fats, sugar and salt

because excess fat can lead to heart diseases, excess sugar can

cause diabetes mellitus and excess salt can cause high blood

pressure.

F1, F2 and F3 and any five E:

1

1

1

1

(8 marks)

(a) (i) F1: Digestion //

Intestinal glands of the wall of ileum secrete a few enzymes to

complete the digestion process.

Digestion process is completed in ileum to produce simple sugars (glucose,

fructose and galactose), amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol.

Example: (any correct enzymes/ intestinal juices and substrate reaction)

1. Enzyme erepsin(peptidase) --- peptide to amino acids.

2. Enzyme sucrose -----sucrose to glucose and fructose

F2: Absorp tion //

The wall of ileum has many projections called villus to absorb the

products of digestion.

Blood capillaries in the villus absorb simple sugars, amino acids, minerals,

vitamins B and C

Lacteal of the villus absorb fatty acids, glycerol, fat soluble vitamins

(A,D,E,K)

Must have F1 and F2 and other 3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

(5 marks)

(ii) F1: X is vil lus - has very thin epithelium that is only one cell thick.

E1: The thin epithelium facilitate the diffusion of digested food//

enable digested food to move across easily.

F2: X is greatly folded struc ture

E2: Provides a large surface area for efficient absorption of digested food.

F3: It has a mass network of blood capillaries

1

1

1

1



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SULIT 7


7


E3: to transport the digested food such as glucose, amino acids, minerals

and vitamins B and C that has been absorbed.

F4: Each vil lus has a lacteal

E4: to transport lipid soluble nutrient//

fatty acids, glycerol and lipids soluble vitamins.

F1, F2, F3 and any 2 suitable E

1

1

1

1

(5 marks)

7(a) - solar radiation warms the earths surface

- heat energy is reradiated back into the atmosphere

- some heat energy escapes into space

- heat energy is reradiated back to the earth

- by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane

1

1

1

1

1

(5 marks)

(b) - in slash-and-burn agriculture, the burning trees increases the

concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

- trees photosynthesis using carbon dioxide thus deforestation leads to less

carbon dioxide being removed from atmosphere

- less carbon dioxide is able to be locked up in trees.

- As trees die and tree stumps left to rot, microbial activity duringdecomposition also releases carbon dioxide

- carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas. It absorbs energy radiated by earth,

some of these energy reradiated back thus increasing the surface

temperature

1

1

1

1

1

(5 marks)

(c) - the greenhouse effect is further worsened by the combustion of

fossil fuel in motor vehicles in power stations to generate electricity

and in industries

- these activities produce large quantities of carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere

- the setting up of large cattle ranches to cater for the growing human

1

1



75/84

SULIT 8


8


population leads to massive emissions of methane gas from the

belching of these animals and the decomposition of their wastes.

- As the world population strives for higher standards of living, there

is an increased use of CFCs in products like air-conditioning and

during the production of packaging materials

- The rapid decomposition of humus, combustion of fossil fuels use of

nitrogen or nitrate fertilizer contributes to the production of nitrogen

oxides which is another greenhouse gas

- The increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases would

then lead to increasing surface temperatures on earth as they trap

and reflect heat back to the earth

- This may lead to an increase in photosynthesis which is about the

only positive effect of an enhanced greenhouse effect

- More alarmingly however the greenhouse effect may change the

local and global climate causing a shift in vegetation and vectors

- This may also lead to extinction of certain species of organisms

which are unable to adapt to the changing environment

- Glaciers may start to melt thus increasing the sea levels. This leads

to flooding in low lying areas around the globe

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

(10 marks)

8(a) Similarities

- heightofman/lengthofinstarincreasesbytime

- bothshowhorizontalline/constantgrowthduringadult

Difference

- FormofgraphSigmoidformforhumanandlikeseriesofstepsininsect

- Ageoforganismtheheightmeasuredyearly,butininsectuseddayfor

measuringthelength

- Causedof

different

human

have

endoskeleton

but

insect

have

exoskeleton

- Stagesinvolveinhuman,thecurvehasthreedifferentphases,butthere

arefivestepsininsect//nymphalstages

- Verticalandhorizontalline :curveforhumandidnotshowsdifferentline

(onlythecurvefromcontinuouspoints),buttherearefivedifferent

horizontalandverticallineseach

- Zerogrowthnopointtoshowzerogrowthinhuman,butthereare5

*2marksfor

similarities,

8marksfor

differences



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SULIT 9


9


timeofzerogrowth(athorizontalline)

- Suddengrowth:nosuddengrowthforhuman,buttherearesudden

growthininsect(atverticalline)

- Ecdysis:noecdysisinhumanbutecdysisoccurredininsect

- Mitosis:thecellsinhumanundergomitosisallthetime,butininsect,

mitosisonlyoccurredatcertaintime(during ecdysis)

- Absorption ofair:inhuman,therearenoabsorptionofair,butininsect,duringecdysis

Max

10

marks

(b) F : Invitrotechnique

P1: meansfertilizationoccursoutsideofthebody

P2: thewifeinjectedwithhormonetofastenthedevelopmentofthesecondary

oocyte/ovum

in

ovary

P3: secondaryoocyte/ovumreleaseoutbyusing laparoscope(fromovary

beforeovulation)

P4: spermsfromhusbandfertilizewiththesecondaryoocyteinaPetridish

(containsculturemedium)

P5: (afterfertilization)zygotewilldividebymitosis

P6: (after2days)formedembryountileightcellsstage

P7:embryo

transferred

to

the

endometrium

of

the

uterus

wall

through

cervix

(usingpippet)

P8: embryoimplantattheendometriumofuteruswallanddevelop

P9: babythatisdeliverediscalledtesttubebaby

P10:Thistechniqueiscomplicated/expensiveandtheprobabilitytosuccessis

low

Max10

marks



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SULIT 10


10


9(a)(i) - Discontinuous variation

- Contrasting features

- No intermediate values

- Caused by genetic factors

- Can be inherited

1

1

1

1

1

Max : 4

(ii)

Body mass Thumbprints

- Continous variation - Discontinous variation

- Features change gradually - Contrasting features

- Intermediate values - No intermediate values

- Caused by genetic factor and

affected by environmental factors

- Caused by genetic factor

- Cannot be inherited if characteristic

affected by environmental factors

- Can be inherited

- Graph shows normal distribution - Graph shows discrete

distribution

2

2

2

2

2

2

Max : 10

(b) - Thin parents can have a fat son even though the son inherits

genes for thinness from his parents

- Body size is affected by environmental factors

- Continuous variation

1

1

1



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SULIT 11


11


- Due to diet, the size of body changes

- The ability to roll the tongue is determined by genetic factors

- Alleles for the ability to roll the tongue can be inherited

- Genes for this characteristic is dominant

- Hence, the son can roll his tongue

1

1

1

1

1

Max : 6



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Skema jawapan biologi

Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2010

Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis

1

MARKING SCHEME : PAPER THREE TRIAL BIOLOGY 2010Question 1 : 1(a)

Score Explanation

3

Able to record all readings of volume of urine produced

Student Volume of urine in the firstexperiment/ml

Volume of urine in thesecond experiment/ml

A 80 82B 150 170

C 200 250

D 360 370

2 Able to record any 4-5 volume

1 Able to record any 2-3 volume

0 No response or wrong response

1(b)(i)

Score Explanation

3

Able to state two correct observations based on following criteria.C1 volume of water intake

C2 volume of urine produced

Sample Answer:(either 2):1. When the volume of water intake is 100 ml, the volume of urine produced in

first experiment is 80ml and second experiment is 82 ml.2. When the volume of water intake is 400 ml, the volume of urine produced in

first experiment is 360 ml and second experiment is 370 ml.

2 Able to state one correct observation and one inaccurate response.

1 Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea.

0 No response or wrong response (response like hypothesis)

1(b) (ii)

Score Explanation

3

Able to state two reasonable inferences for the observation.

Sample answer:1. When the volume of water intake is less, more water is reabsorbed, less urine is

produced2. When the volume of water intake is more, less water is reabsorbed, more urine

is produced

2 Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference.

1 Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea.

0 No response or wrong response (inference like hypothesis)



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2

1(c)

Score Explanation

3

Able to state all the variables and the method to handle variable correctly() for each variable and methodManipulated Variable: Volume of water intake ()Method to handle: Repeat the experiment by drinking different volume of water ()

Responding Variable: Volume of urine produced ()Method to handle: Measure and record the volume of urine produced after half an

hour by using measuring cylinder.()

Controlled variable : type of water intake/ duration to collect urine ()Method to handle: . drink same type of water/ fix the time to collect urine ()

Able to get 6 (with the correct key words)

2 Able to get 4 5 1 Able to get 2 3 0 No response or wrong response

1(d)

Score Explanation

3

Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:V1 State the volume of water intakeV2 State the volume of urine producedR - State the relationship between V1 and V2.

The more the volume of water intake, the more the volume of urine produced.

2 Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.

1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis


1(e)(i)

Score Explanation

3

Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment with the followingcriteria: volume of water intake(ml) () average of volume of urine produced (ml) ()- percentage of urine produced (%) ()

If without unit (x)

Students

Volume ofwater

intake/ml

Volume of urineproduced/ml

Average ofvolume of

urine

produced/ml

Percentage ofvolume of urineproduced / %

First

experiment

Second

experimentA 100 80 76 78 78

B 200 150 170 160 80

C 300 250 250 250 83

D 400 360 370 365 91

2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria

1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria




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3

1(e)(ii)

Score Explanation

3

Able to draw a bar chart of percentage of urine produced against the volume l of waterintake.

Axes (A) both axis are labeled with units, uniform scales, independentvariable on horizontal axis. ()

Point (P) All points are correctly plotted. ()

Shape (S) All bars are correctly drawn ().

2 Graph with any two criteria.

1 Graph with any one criteria.

0 No response or wrong response.

1(f)

Score Explanation

3

Able to explain the relationship between the volume of water intake and thevolume of urine produced correctly.

When the volume of water intake is more, the volume of urine produce also morebecause less water is reabsorbed

2Able to explain briefly the relationship between the volume of water intake and volumeof urine produced

1Able to explain the idea the relationship between the volume of water intake andvolume of urine produced




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4

1(g)

Score Explanation

3

Able to state the definition of urine correctly, based on the following criteria.

C1 waste product (in the form of liquid)C2 excreted by humanC3 influence by volume of water intake

Urine is a waste product in the form of liquid excreted by human and influent by thevolume of water intake

2 Able to state the definition of urine based one of the two criteria.

1 Able to state the idea of urine


1(h)

Score Explanation

3

Able to predict correctly and explain the prediction based on the following item:

C1 the volume of urine producedC2 blood osmotic pressure

C3 - reabsorption of water

The volume of urine produced is less than 78 ml because after drinking 5% sodiumchloride solution, the blood osmotic pressure increases , therefore more water isreabsorbed thus the volume of urine produced is less.

2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.

1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.


1(i)

Score Explanation

3

Able to classify the apparatus and material used in the experiment

Apparatus Materials

Measuring cylinder Plain water

Drinking bottle

Stopwatch

Able to classify all the apparatus and material correctly.

2Able to classify two apparatus and one material correctly.

1

Able to classify one apparatus and one material correctly.




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5

Question 2 :

Aspect Sample Answer Remarks

Problem statementWhich water sample is most polluted? /Which area contains water that is most polluted?

3 marks

Aim/object ive To study the level of water pollution in three different watersamples.

HypothesisThe nearer the area of water sample to the factory/farm, thehigher the level of water pollution.

3 marks

VariablesManipulative variable: river water samplesResponding variable: time taken for methylene blue solution to

decolouriseFixed variable: volume of water sample/concerntration of

methylene blue solution

Apparatus andmaterials Apparatus: measuring cylinder, stopwatch, reagent bottle,

collecting cup

Materials : 0.1% methylene blue solution, water samples

All present 3marks2 materialsand 3-4 app 2 marks2 materialsand 2 app 1mark

Technique used Observe and record the time taken by methylene blue solution todecolourise B

Procedure1. Water sample are collected from three different area by

using collecting cup KP,KMV2. Three reagent bottles are labelled X,Y and Z and filled with

100 ml of water sample from village X, Y and Zrespectively.-KFV & KMV

3. The tests are run for all the water samples on the sameday-KP, KFV

4. A syringe is used to add 1 ml of 0.1% methylene bluesolution to the base of each the water sample.KP, KFV

5. Make sure the reagent bottles are closed quickly andplaced in the dark cupboard.-KC

6. The stopwatch is started.-KP7. The bottles are examined at 1 hour intervals- KP, KFV8. The time taken for the methylene blue to decolourise is

recorded for all the water samples- KRV9. The results are recorded in the table .KP

8 - 9P 3 m

6 - 7P 2 m

3 - 5P 1 m

3 marks

KP Step1,3,4,6,7,9

(any 5)KMV Step 1,2KRV Step 8,KFV-Step2,3,4,7KC Step 5



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Skema jawapan biologi 6

Presentation o fdata

Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data baseon the 3 criteria:

Water samples

Time taken for methylene blue to decolourise

Level of water pollution

Sample Answer

Water sample X Y Z

Time taken formethylene blue

solution todecolourise/min

Level of waterpollution

B

ConclusionHypothesis is accepted.The nearer the water sample to the farm/factory, the higher thelevel of water pollution /The nearer the water sample to the farm/factory, the shorter thetime taken for methylene blue to decolourise

PlanningKB061203 Able to state correctly

8 9 aspects (correct) - 3 marks6 7 aspects (correct) - 2 marks3 5 aspects (corect) - 1 mark

< 3 - 0 mark

3 marks

Report Able to state correctly:

presentation of data and

technique.

2 correct - 2 marks1 correct - 1 mark

2 marks

TOTAL 17 Marks

spm biology perlis 2010

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