skeletal system d3 15092011

8/12/2019 Skeletal System d3 15092011

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Susy Kristiani, drg.M.Kes.

Dept. of Oral Biology



OSTEOLOGI

Sistem skeleton/kerangka manusia terdiri dari tulang( 206 pada dewasa) dan persendian/joints,

• AXIAL skeleton :•

- Cranium• - Thorax• - Columna vertebralis•

APPENDICULAR skeleton :• - Extemitas superior & inferior• - Cingulum extremitas sup & inf



FUNGSI SKELETON

• Membentuk tubuh dan sebagaipenyangga tubuh

• Melindungi organ tubuh : otak, jantung, paru-paru, organ

reproduksi• Haemopoetik : membentuk sel-sel darah, karena mempunyaisumsum tulang

• Untuk pergerakan tubuh, dimanaotot melekat pada tulang

• Depo mineral anorganik : kalsium,fosfor, magnesium, sodium



CLASSIFICATION OF BONES• Ossa longa/tulang panjang

– Ossa extremitas• Ossa brevia/tulang pendek

– Bentuk kubus, dengan 6permukaan (ossa carpalia &ossa tarsalia)

• Ossa plana/tulang pipih – Os sternum, os scapula,

sebagian os cranium• Ossa IRREGULARIS

–

Bervariasi dalam bentuk : Ossavertebrae, sebagian os cranium • OSSA PNEUMATICA

- Didalamnya terdapat suaturongga/sinus (os Maxilla,Frontale, Sphenoidale)



ANATOMY of a LONG BONE



BONES GROWTH and REPAIR• OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

• Sel yang terdapat di bagian dalam periosteum,endosteum, dan canalis centralis compact bone

• OSTEOBLASTS• Berasal dari sel osteoprogenitor, dan bertanggung

jawab terhadap sekresi bahan pembentuk matrix tulang• OSTEOCYTES

• Berasal dari osteoblasts. Mempunyai peranan pentingdalam mempertahankan metabolisme tulang.

• OSTEOCLASTS• Penting dalam pertumbuhan tulang dan bertanggung

jawab membuang tulang-tulang tua danmemperbaikinya,/regenerasi tulang



COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

•

Dimulai dari basis cranii - pelvis• Terdiri dari beberapa kelompok tulang

VERTEBRAE intervertebral disks (fibrocartilage )

– 7 V. CERVICAL ( neck ) –

12 V. THORACIC ( chest ) – 5 V. SACRAL membentuk osSACRUM

– 5 V. LUMBAR ( lower back ) – 3 to 5 V. COCCYGEAL

•

fetus, columna vertebralis membentuk concave anteriorly curvatura primer• Protects the spinal cord

VERTEBRAL CANAL



OSSA THORACIS• Composed of :

– THORACIC VERTEBRAE( 12 ) – COSTAE/ RIBS and CARTILAGO COSTAE ( 12 )

• 12 pasang brhubungan langsung di bagian belakang dengan ke12 vertebrae thoracalis

• 7 pasang costae teratas berhubungan langsung dengan sternum

melalui cartilago costae TRUE RIBS / VERTEBROSTERNALRIBS• 5 pasang costae berikutnya FALSE RIBS• Costae 8, 9, 10 VERTEBROCHONDRAL RIBS, melekat

secara tidak langsung pada sternum melalui cartilago costae 7• Costae 11 ,12 pendek , tidak melekat pada sternum

FLOATING RIBS – STERNUM (dibentuk 3 tulang) :

• Manubrium sterni, Corpus sterni dan Processus Xiphoideus• Protects the heart and lung• Support tulang gelang bahu (cingulum extremitas

superior)



CINGULUM EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR &EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR

• CINGULUMEXTREMITASSUPERIOR

– Tdd. 5 tulang :• Manubrium sterni• 2 Clavicula• 2 Scapula

–

Menyangga lengan atasdan tempat perlekatanotot-otot yangmenggerakkan lengan atas

• EXTREMITASSUPERIOR :

– Humerus ( tulang lenganatas)

– Radius & Ulna( tulang lengan bawah )

– Carpalia, Metacarpals,Phalanges

( tulang pergelangantangan, telapak tangan, jari-jari )



• CINGULUMEXTREMITASINFERIOR

– Tdd :• 2 os coxae

( tulang pantat ) ilium, ischium, pubis

• Sacrum & Coccyx–

Pelvis/panggul tempatperlekatan extremitasinferior

– Protects :• Urinary bladder•

Internal reproductiveorgans• Large intestine

• EXTREMITASINFERIOR

– Femur (tulang tungkaiatas)

– Patella (tulang tempurunglutut)

– Tibia & Fibula (tulangtungkai bawah)

– Tarsalia,Metatarsals,

Phalanges(tulang pergelangan kaki,telapak kaki, jari-jarikaki)



2.3 JOINT ( ARTICULATION )

• There are two systems for classification :– According amount of movement they allow– According to their structure ( the convention followed

here )• A joint called :

– SYNARTHROSIS ( IMMOVABLE )– AMPHIARTHROSIS ( SLIGHT MOVEMENT )– DIARTHROSIS ( FREELY MOVABLE )



SYNARTHROSIS ( IMMOVABLE )

• Occur where fibrousconnective tissue

joints bone to bone

fibrous joint

• Sutures, in the

cranial vault andface; and areimmovable



AMPHIARTHROSIS( SLIGHT MOVEMENT )

• Where bones are joinedby hyalin cartilage orfibrocartilage cartilaginous joints

• Slightly movable

•

The pubic symphysis,the joint between thetwo pubic bones



DIARTHROSIS ( FREELY MOVABLE )• Bone ends do not contact

each other, but are enclosedin a capsule

• Generally freely movable

• Two bones are separated by

a joint cavity is lined by asynovial membrane, whichproduces synovial fluid, alubricant for the joint

• Ligament, which arecomposed of dense regularconnective tissue, bind thetwo bones and add evenmore stability



MOVEMENT PERMITTED BYSYNOVIAL JOINTS

• Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendonsthat cross joint. When a muscle contracts, one

bone moves in elation to another bone

• Types of movement :

ANGULAR MOVEMENT

CIRCULAR MOVEMENTSPECIAL MOVEMENT



ANGULAR MOVEMENT• FLEXION

– Decreases the jointangle

• EXTENTION – Increases the joint

angle• ADDUCTION

– the movement ofbody part toward themidline

• ABDUCTION – The movement of the

body part laterally,away from midline



CIRCULAR MOVEMENT• CIRCUMDUCTION

– The movement of the bodypart in a wide, makes armcircle

• ROTATION – The movement of a body part

around its own axis:• The arm is twisted towardthe trunk ( MEDIALROTATION

• The arm away from the trunk( LATERAL ROTATION )

• SUPINATION – The rotation of the forearm

the palm in upward• PRONATION

– Is the opposite, the movementof the forearm the palm is

downward



SPECIAL MOVEMENT

• INVERSION – Turning the foot so that the sole

faces inward• EVERSION

–

Turning the foot so that the solefaces outward• ELEVATION and• DEPRESSION

– Refer to the lifting up and down,

respectively, of a body part• Shrug shoulder• Move jaw up and down

skeletal system d3 15092011

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