sistem reproduksi · ppt file · web view · 2011-04-07axial skeleton dr...

dr. Dea Amanda dr. Dea Amanda Program Studi Ilmu Program Studi Ilmu

KeperawatanKeperawatanUnitri MalangUnitri Malang

Axial Skeleton

The Axial & Appendicular The Axial & Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton

Slide 5.20b

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.6

Axial Skeleton..: Tdd tulang2 yg

membentuk sumbu tubuh

• Fungsi:Fungsi:menyokong & melindungi organ2 di kepala, leher, & batang tubuh

Axial : Skull 22 Auditory ossicles 6 Hyoid bone 1 Vertebral column 26 Ribs and sternum 25

----80

Tengkorak.. (=skull)Tersusun dr:

– Tulang kranial (8)– Tulang fasial (14)

1. Kranium..1. Kranium..• Membungkus & melindungi otakTdd:Tdd:• Os frontalis (1) –anterior roof• Os parietalis (2) -sides• Os temporalis (2) –lower sides• Os occipitalis (1) –posterior & inferior• Os sphenoidalis (1) -floor• Os ethmoidalis (1) –walls of nasal cavity

Os Frontalis..Os Frontalis..

Membentuk: – dahi, – langit2 rongga

hidung, – langit2 orbita

Os frontalis

Os Os Parietalis..Parietalis..• Membentuk:

– Sisi & langit2 kranium

• Sutura:Coronal frontoparietalSagital parietoparietalLambdoidea occipitoparietalSkuamosa temporoparietal

Os parietalis

Sutura coronal

Sutura lambdoidea

Sutura sagital

Sutura skuamosa

Os Occipitalis..Os Occipitalis..

Os occipitalis

• Membentuk:– Dasar & belakang

kranium• Foramen Foramen

magnummagnum: – Pintu oval besar– Mghubungkan

rongga kranial-spinal

Foramen magnum

Os Temporalis..Os Temporalis..Os temporalis• Membentuk:

– Dasar & sisi kranium

• Prosesus Prosesus mastoideus:mastoideus:– Tonjolan

membulat, – mudah teraba

di blkg telinga Prosesus mastoide

us

Os Os Ethmoidalis..Ethmoidalis..

Os ethmoidalis

• Membentuk:– Cavum orbita– Penyanga cavum

nasalis

Os Os Sphenoidalis..Sphenoidalis..

• Berbentuk spt kelelawar dg sayap terbentang

• Membentuk:Membentuk:– Dasar anterior

kraniumOs

sphenoidalis

2. Tulang-Tulang Wajah..2. Tulang-Tulang Wajah..• ≠ bersentuhan dg

otak

Tdd:Tdd:• Mandibula• Os vomer• Maxilla (2)• Os nasalis (2)

• Os lacrimalis (2)• Os pallatina (2)• Os zygomaticum (2)• Konka inferior nasalis

(2)

Os nasalis..Os nasalis..• Membentuk:

– Bagian superior hidung

Os zygomaticum..Os zygomaticum..• Membentuk:

– Tonjolan pipi

Os nasalis

Os zygomaticum

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http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/s297l6Gd/CzCBBw/nasal%2520fracture.jpg&imgrefurl=http://knol.google.com/k/nasal-fractures&usg=__ANicrCqmJ05uYBYDvwTO1cb9Xdg=&h=179&w=250&sz=21&hl=id&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=mtIT9G22uddcRM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnasal%2Bfracture%2Bphoto%26um%3D1%26hl%3Did%26tbs%3Disch:1

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Maxilla..Maxilla..• =Rahang atas

Mandibula..Mandibula..• =rahang bawah• Bagian2:

– Corpus mandibula– Angulus mandibula– Ramus mandibula– Prosesus kondilaris

Maxilla

Corpus mandibulaAngulus

mandibula

Ramus mandibula

Prosesus kondilaris

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http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://emcrit.org/images/part1/wrist%2520pivot%2520method.jpg&imgrefurl=http://emcrit.org/065-132/065-oral.htm&usg=__89CB-ttLHsx-gatvLXR31kFR6Wg=&h=524&w=704&sz=79&hl=id&start=33&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=1zbcaqjd3nV89M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmandibular%2Bdislocation%2Bphoto%26start%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

Os vomer..Os vomer..• Membentuk:

– Septum nasalis– Bagian tengah langit2

Konka nasalis Konka nasalis inferior..inferior..

Os lacrimalis..Os lacrimalis..• Diantara os ethmoidalis-

maxilla• Trdpt celah u/ lintasan

duktus lakrimalis

Os vomer

Konka nasalis inf

Os lacrimalis

Os Pallatina..Os Pallatina..• Membentuk dinding dr 3 rongga:

– Dasar & lateral rongga nasal– Dasar rongga orbita– Atap rongga mulut

Auditory Ossicles• Di dlm os temporalis• Tdd:

– Malleus– Incus– Stapes

• menyalurkan suara dr telinga luar ke telinga dalam

Os Hyoid• Di leher anterior• Berbentuk tapal

kuda• ≠ berartikulasi

dg tulang lain• Supports:

– Lidah (superior)– Larynx (inferior)

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Columna Vertebralis• Fungsi:

– Menyokong & memungkinkan gerakan kepala & badan

– Tempat melekatnya otot– Melindungi medulla spinalis– Tempat lewatnya nervi spinalis

• Tdd:– Vertebrae servikalis (7)– Vertebrae thorakalis (12)– Vertebrae lumbalis (5)– Os sacrum (5 fused)– Os coccygeus (4 fused)

Columna Vertebralis..

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Vertebrae dipisahkan o/ discus intervertebralis

N: Memiliki kurvatura

Diberi nama ~ sesuai dg lokasinya

Struktur Vertebrae..Struktur Vertebrae..• Corpus vertebraeCorpus vertebrae

– Menyangga sebagian besar berat tubuh

• Arcus vertebraeArcus vertebrae (=neural arch)– Tdd: 2 pedikel & 1

lamina– Membungkus foramen foramen

vertebralisvertebralis

Corpus vertebra

e

Pediculus arcus

vertebrae

Lamina arcus

vertebrae

Foramen vertebralis

Struktur Struktur Vertebrae..Vertebrae..• Prosesus Spinosus

– Menonjol dr lamina ke inferoposterior

– Tempat perlekatan otot• Prosesus

transversus– Menonjol ke lateral

• Prosesus artikularis– Superior & inferior– u/ berartikulasi dg

vertebra lain

Proc. spinosus

Proc. transversus

Proc. articularis

Vertebrae Servicalis..Vertebrae Servicalis..• Corpus vertebrae:

kecil, persegi pjg • Foramen vertebralis:

besar & triangular• Processus spinosus: horizontal, pendek,

berujung 2 (C2 – C6)• Processus transversus: pendek & bercabang,

foramen transversarium (+)

Foramen transversariu

m

Tampak cranialTampak cranial

Atypical vertebrae.. Atypical vertebrae.. • Atlas (C1)

– ≠ memiliki corpus vertebrae & prosesus spinosus

– Fovea dentis: u/artikulasi dg C2


Tampak caudalTampak caudal

Fovea dentis

• Axis (C2):Axis (C2):Memiliki dens axis berartikulasi dg fovea dentis (C1)

Tampak cranial Tampak cranial dorsaldorsal

Tampak Tampak ventralventral

Dens Dens axisaxis

C1 & C2 C1 & C2 tampak tampak dorsaldorsal

• Vertebra prominens(C7):– Prosesus spinosus

panjang, ≠ bercabang – Terlihat pd pangkal

leheru/hitung proc.spinosus

cervical-thoracal


Vertebrae Thoracalis..Vertebrae Thoracalis..• Corpus vertebrae:

berbentuk hati, fovea costalis superior & inferior (+)

• Foramen vertebralis: >> kecil & >> bulat

• Processus spinosus: pjg, mengarah ke kaudal• Processus transversus: fovea costalis (+)

Tampak Tampak laterallateral

TampaTampak k

cranialcranial

Fovea costali

s

Vertebrae Lumbalis..Vertebrae Lumbalis..• Corpus vertebrae:

besar, berbentuk ginjal

• Foramen vertebralis: >> kecil & triangular

• Processus spinosus:

horizontal, tebal, di samping agak datar

Tampak Tampak lateral lateral dorsaldorsal

Tampak Tampak cranialcranial

SCOLIOSISSCOLIOSIS• Lateral curvature of

the spine• Idiopathic

Os Os Sacrum..Sacrum..

• Tulang triangular– Basisberartikulasi

dg L5– Apex dg Os Os coccygeuscoccygeus

• Crista sacralis medial = proc. Spinosus Crista sacralis

medial

Os coccygeusTampak Tampak dorsaldorsal

Tampak Tampak ventralventral

Os sacrum

Basis ossis sacri

SternumSternum.. .. • Bagian2:

– Manubrium sterni– Corpus sterni– Prosesus

xiphoideus★ Angulus sterni: the junction of

manubrium-corpus, which connects 2nd costal cartilage laterally

Manubrium sterni

Prosesus xiphoide

us

Corpus sterni

Angulus

sterni

Angulus Sterni..Angulus Sterni..

Costae..Costae..General featuresGeneral features

– Ribs 1~7 :true ribs (=costae vera)

– Ribs 8~10 :false ribs (=costae spuria)

– Ribs 11~12 :floating ribs (=costae fluctuantes)

Corpus costae

Caput costae

Tuberculum

costae

Continued..Continued..To BeTo Be

sistem reproduksi · ppt file · web view · 2011-04-07axial skeleton dr...

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