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7/29/2019 Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tuanku 2

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SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN TUANKU

LAILATUL SHAHREEN, PADANG BEHOR,

01000 KANGAR PERLIS

THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

NAME:

I/C NO :

INDEX NO:

CLASS:

TEACHER:


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CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)

2.1 Meaning of open source (OS)

2.2 Example of open source (OS)

3.0 The Latest Open source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of open source

3.2 Examples of open source (OS)

4.0 The Latest Deveplopment in ICT

4.1 Hardware

4.2 Software

5.0 Pervasive Computing

5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing

5.2 Examples of pervasive computing

6.0 Conclusion

Reference


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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Meaning of Open Source

Generically, open source refers to a program in which the source code isavailable to the general public for use and/or modification from its original

design free of charge, i.e., open. Open source code is typically created as a

collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and sharethe changes within the community. Open source sprouted in the technological

community as a response to proprietary software owned by corporations.

A certification standard issued by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) that

indicates that the source code of a computer program is made available freeof charge to the general public. The rationale for this movement is that a

larger group of programmers not concerned with proprietary ownership or

financial gain will produce a more useful and bug -free product for everyone

to use. The concept relies on peer review to find and eliminate bugs in theprogram code, a process which commercially developed and packaged

programs do not utilize. Programmers on the Internet read, redistribute andmodify the source code, forcing an expedient evolution of the product. The

process of eliminating bugs and improving the software happens at a much

quicker rate than through the traditional development channels of commercialsoftware as the information is shared throughout the open source community

and does not originate and channel through a corporation's research and

development cogs.

1.2 Meaning of Hardware

Hardware means Refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk

drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast,

software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but ithas no substance.

Books provide a useful analogy. The pages and the ink are the hardware, while

the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software. A

computer without software is like a book full of blank pages -- you need softwareto make the computer useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful.


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1.3 Meaning of Software

Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and

instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that

provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, andapplication software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.

System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing theindividual hardware components of a computer system so that other software

and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be

concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory

to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consistsof an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk

formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication

(login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.

Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks

other than just running the computer system. Application software mayconsist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of

programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to

accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a largercollection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs

and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such

as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor,

spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a databasemanagement system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may

provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.

Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which

may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script

interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and largesuites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include

editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages


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2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)

2.1 Meaning of open source(OS)

An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that

coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. Most

operating system perform similar function that includes starting a computer,provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and

configuring devices. Some operating system also allows user to control a

network and administer security.

Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use andwhich provides the original code where the source code is available (under a

copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhancethe operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of

the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating

system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likelyuser interface.

2.2 Example of open source (OS)

Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of

the Ubuntuoperating system, using the year and month of the release as aversion number.

The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October

2004. Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is

delayed until a different month (or even year) to that planned, the version number

changes accordingly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioning


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3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of open source application softwareOpen source application software is computer software that is available in

source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normallyreserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that

permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source

licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some

open source application software is available within the public domain. Opensource application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative

manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of

open source development and often compared to user-generated content oropen content movements. The term open source application

softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free applicationsoftware originated as part of a marketing campaign for free applicationsoftware

3.2 Examples of open source application software

BLENDER(SOFTWARE)

Blender is a free and open-source3D computer graphics software

product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed

models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's featuresinclude 3D modeling,UV unwrapping, texturing,rigging and skinning, fluid

and smoke simulation,particlesimulation, soft

body simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking,rendering,videoediting and compositing. It also features a built-ingame engine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_movinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_trackinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_movinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_trackinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blender


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GIMP

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an image retouching and

editing tool and is released under theGPLv3license asfree and open-sourcesoftware. There are versions tailored for most operating systems

includingLinux, OS X, andMicrosoft Windows.

GIMP has tools used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing,resizing, cropping,photo-montages, converting between different image

formats, and more specialised tasks. Animated images such as GIF and

MPEG files can be created using an animation plugin.The developers and maintainers of GIMP strive to create a high-end free

software graphics application for the editing and creation of original images,photos, icons, graphical elements of web pages, and art for user interface

elements .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomontagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomontage


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Photoshop cs5

Launch

12 April 2010

Tool

CS5 introduces new tools such as the

Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer

Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. Thecommunity also had a hand in the additions

made to CS5 as 30 new features and

improvements were included by request.These includes automatic image

straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping

tool, colour pickup and saving an 16-bit

image as a JPEG. Another features includesthe Adobe Mini Bridge which allows for

efficient file browsing and management.

Advantage

CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5plus features in 3D and video editing. A

new materials library was added, providing

more options such as Chrome, Glass and

Cork.

Photoshop cs6

Launch

7 May 2012

Tool

CS6 brings the straighten tool to

Photoshop, where a user simply draws aline anywhere on a image, and the canvas

will reorient itself so that the line drawn

becomes horizontal, and adjusts the mediaaccordingly. This was created with the

intention that users will draw a line parallel

to a plane in the image, and reorient the

image to that plane to more easily achievecertain perspectives.

Advantage

Adobe has responded to feedback from

graphic designers and has modified theUser Interface accordingly. Now, it boasts

a more unified, static look, and is easier tokeep track of all the palttes and documents.


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5.0 Pervasive Computer

5.1 Pervasive computerPervasive computing means that the technology is gracefully integrated in our

everyday life. The user is no longer aware of this embedded technology. It

also refers to computers contained in common place objects such as cars andetc. It appliances and implies that people are unaware of their presence.

Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, mobile devices,

wireless communications and nomadic or ubiquitos computing system. Other

terms for pervasive computing are Ubiquitous Computing, Calm Technologyand Thing That Think. It is about the ability to deliver any information to any

device over any network. In short, it is about computers everywhere, where

computers are embedded into equipment, machines, furniture or people. The

current technology has evolved into embedded network and wireless.

5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computer

ASUS Eee Pad 101TC

The Eee Pad 101TC is in some respects a whole different kettle of fish to its

bigger brother. It's not just the 10 inches of glass that follows in the iPad's

footsteps, but also the metal sleeve around the edge now. Either way, this hasbecome an aesthetically acceptable style and the textured backside also looks

good and adds grip, however in the early sample on show the quality of

manufacture still needs some tweaking around the edges.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ENGYWrZZIxE/TgXwWLmT25I/AAAAAAAAANs/DaFXmm3U-9I/s1600/eePadEP101TC.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ENGYWrZZIxE/TgXwWLmT25I/AAAAAAAAANs/DaFXmm3U-9I/s1600/eePadEP101TC.jpg


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SMARTPHONE

A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For

some,a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software

providing astandardized interface and platform for application developers. For

others, asmartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-mail, Internetand e-book reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB

keyboard andVGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has

phone cabalitiy.


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Reference

http://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-

lcd-packaging-bundle.html

http://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_review

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP
http://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMPhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP

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