road traﬃc accidents: a silent disaster

RoadTrafficAccidents:ASILENTDISASTER

FatmaLestariSharingUI-IndonesiaX– KursusDisasterManagement

Jumat,5Mei2017FocusGroupDiscussion

Outline•  LatarBelakang•  StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintas•  RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan•  FaktorRisiko•  FGDgunamencarisolusi

LATARBELAKANG

•  KecelakaanMautGadog•  KecelakaanOjekOnline

LatarBelakang

•  VideoKecelakaanJalanRayaGadoghRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmYebMbUkZQ

•  VideoKecelakaanOjekOnline– hRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EygVrWVkoiY

– hRps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpcBRSLDXsE

StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintas

•  StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintasdiDunia•  PenyebabKemaNanPadaGenerasiMuda•  KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia

StaNsNkKecelakaanLaluLintasdiDunia

•  Lebihdari1.2jutaorangmeninggalakibatkecelakaandijalanraya

•  Kerugianekonomiakibatkecelakaanlalulintas–5%dariGDP

•  Indonesiamendudukiperingkatke3jumlahkecelakaan-total38.279kemaNan(2015)

•  DiIndonesiakerugianakibatkecelakaandiperkirakanmencapai2,9-3,1%dariTotalPendapatanDomesNkBrutoIndonesia

Sumber:WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015

PenyebabkemaNanpadaGenerasiMuda

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries are a leading cause of preventable death

Over 1.2 million people die each year on the world’s roads, with millions more sustaining serious injuries and living with long-term adverse health consequences. Globally, road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death among young people, and the main cause of death among those aged 15–29 years (see Figure 1).

Road traffic injuries are currently estimated to be the ninth leading cause of death across all age groups globally, and are predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 (1). This rise is driven by the escalating death toll on roads in low- and middle-income countries – particularly in emerging economies where urbanization and motorization accompany rapid economic growth. In many of these countries, necessary

Source: (1).

250 000

300 000

200 000

150 000

50 000

100 000Num

ber o

f dea

ths

0

FIGURE 1Top ten causes of death among people aged 15–29 years, 2012

Road

traffi

c inj

uries

Suici

de

HIV/

AIDS

Hom

icide

350 000

Mat

erna

l con

ditio

ns

Lowe

r res

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in

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ons

Diar

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al di

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es

Drow

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infrastructural developments, policy changes and levels of enforcement have not kept pace with vehicle use. In contrast, many high-income countries have managed to break the link between rising motorization and road traffic deaths, with some managing to dramatically reduce such deaths. These achievements are the result of making infrastructure safer, improving the safety of vehicles, and implementing a number of other interventions known to be effective at reducing road traffic injuries (2). Having good quality data to monitor the impact of these efforts is also critical to demonstrating their success.

In addition to deaths on the roads, up to 50 million people incur non-fatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic (3). As vehicle ownership grows, many countries face

Road traffic injuries are the

number one cause of death among

those aged 15–29.

GLOB

AL S

TATU

S RE

PORT

ON

ROAD

SAF

ETY,

2015

x


RaNoangkakemaNanper100,000penduduk


25

30

20

15

5

FIGURE 6Road traffic fatality rates per 100 000 population, by WHO region

10

Road

traffi

c fat

ality

rate

per

100 0

00 po

pulat

ion

Afric

an Re

gion

26.6

0

Euro

pean

9.3

Wor

ld

17.4

Wes

tern

Pacifi

c Reg

ion

17.3

Sout

h-ea

st As

ian Re

gion

17.0

Regio

n of t

he Am

erica

s

15.9Ea

stern

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iterra

nean

Regio

n

19.9

The risk of a road traffic death varies significantly by region, and there has been little change in the regional rates of death since 2010. The highest rates are still in the African Region, while the European Region has a rate far below the global average (9.3 per 100 000 population, relative to the global rate of 17.4, see Figure 6).

However, there continues to be a large disparity in rates within particular regions. For example, rates in some of the high-income countries in the Western Pacific Region (such as Australia) are among the lowest in the world, while some of the region’s middle-income countries have rates high above the global average at 24 per 100 000. Similarly, while high-income countries generally have lower rates than low- and middle-income countries, high-income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

have a higher rate than those of their less-affluent neighbours in the region (22.4 compared to 19.7) and more than double the average rate of high-income countries globally (9.2). This suggests that in some of the more affluent Eastern Mediterranean countries, rapid economic development that has resulted in increased motorization and road infrastructure construction has not been accompanied by sufficient investment in institutional capacity, nor in the interventions needed to cope with these changes and ensure that roads are safe. Section 2 of this report examines the extent to which interventions on key risk factors are adopted in different regions, while Section 3 considers the adoption of vehicle standards and infrastructure audits, all of which play an important role in determining overall road traffic fatality rates.

The Eastern Mediterranean

Region is the only region where high-

income countries have a higher

road traffic death rate than low- or

middle-income countries.

The risk of a road traffic death is highest in the African Region

GLOB

AL S

TATU

S RE

PORT

ON

ROAD

SAF

ETY,

2015

6Indonesia:15.3

Hampir50%kemaNandijalanrayamerupakanpenggunasepedamotor,sepeda&pejalankaki

KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia

Sumber:BadanPusatStaNsNkIndonesia,2015

•  Padatahun2012korbanmeninggalduniamencapai31.195jiwa•  Tahun2015– meninggaldunia38.279jiwa•  Rata-ratakorbanmeninggal5tahunterakhir:27.000jiwaatau3orang/jam

RoadTrafficAccidents:ASILENTDISASTER

KecelakaanLaluLintasdiIndonesia

•  Pengendararoda2,bisdanpejalankakiadalahkorbankemaNanterbesar•  AngkakemaNankecelakaanlalulintasmenunjukkanTrendmeningkat

•  Undang-Undang•  PeraturanPemerintah•  InstruksiPresiden•  PeraturanMenteriPekerjaanUmum/PUPR•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubungan•  Instruksi/SuratEdaranDirekturJenderalBinaMarga

RegulasiterkaitKeselamatanJalan


Undang-Undang•  UU38tahun2004tentangJalan•  UU22Tahun2009tentangLaluLintas&AngkutanJalanPeraturanPemerintah•  PP43Tahun2013tentangPerubahanKeduaAtasPP15

Tahun2005•  PP34Tahun2006tentangJalan•  PP32Tahun2011tentangManajemen&Rekayasa,Analisis

Dampak,sertaManajemenKebutuhanLaluLintas•  PP79Tahun2013tentangJaringanLaluLintas&Angkutan

Jalan


InstruksiPresiden•  InstruksiPresidenNo4Tahun2013tentangProgram

DekadeAksiKeselamatanJalan•  RencanaUmumNasionalKeselamatanJalan(RUNK)tahun

2011

PeraturanMenteriPekerjaanUmum/PUPR•  PeraturanMenteriPUNo11/PRT/M/2010tentangTataCara

&PersyaratanLaikFungsiJalan•  PeraturanMenteriPUNo19/PRT/M/2011tentang

PersyaratanTeknisJalan&KriteriaPerencanaanTeknisJalan•  PeraturanMenteriPUNo13/PRT/2011tentangTataCara

Pemeliharaan&PenilikanJalan


PeraturanMenteriPerhubungan•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM13Tahun2014tentang

RambuLaluLintas•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM34Tahun2014tentang

MarkaJalan•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM26Tahun2015tentang

StandarKeselamatanLaluLintasdanAngkutanJalan•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM75tahun2015tentang

PenyelenggaraanAnalisisDampakLaluLintas•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM96Tahun2015tentang

PedomanPelaksanaanKegiatanManajemendanRekayasaLaluLintas

•  PeraturanMenteriPerhubunganNoPM120Tahun2015tentangPetunjukTeknisPenggunaanDanaAlokasiKhususSubBidangKeselamatanTransportasiDaratdanSubBidangTransportasiPerkotaan


Instruksi/SuratEdaranDirekturJenderalBinaMarga•  InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/

2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku1(Biru)RekayasaKeselamatanJalan

•  InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku2(Hijau)ManajemenHazardSisiJalan

•  InstruksiDirekturJenderalBinaMargaNomor02/IN/Db/2012tentangPanduanTeknisRekayasaKeselamatanJalan,Buku3(Merah)KeselamatandiLokasiPekerjaanJalan

FaktorRisiko

•  KondisiJalanRaya•  Kendaraan•  Pengemudi•  FaktorPenganggu•  PengaruhAlkohol&Obat•  Penggunajalanrayalainnya

KondisiJalanRayaFaktorRisiko•  Jalananlicin•  Berliku•  Rusak,berlubang•  Perbaikanjalan•  Jalanterhambat•  Menanjak•  Kurangpenerangan•  Rambu-rambu•  Tikungan•  Belokan

MiIgasi•  Perbaikanjalan&maintenance

reguler•  Rambu&markajalanjelas•  Penerangandiperbaiki

Kendaraan

FaktorRisiko•  Kondisikendaraankurang

baik(Ban,spion,mesin,oli,Remgagal)

•  Maintenancekurangbaik

MiIgasi•  Inspeksireguler•  Maintenancereguler•  Perencanaanperjalanan•  Training&Instruksikhusus

pengemudi

Shenetal.,2014;EuropeanAgencyforSafety&Health,2010.

PengemudiFaktorRisiko

•  PerilakumengemudiNdakselamat/berisiko(ugal-ugalan)

•  Stress&bebankerja•  Kondisikesehatan&mental•  KelelahanvsBugar•  Dibawahpengaruhalkohol&obat•  Melebihibataskecepatanà

pelanggaranyangterbanyakterjadipadagenerasimuda

MiIgasi•  Traininguntukpengemudi•  Pembatasankecepatan•  Perencanaanperjalanandengan

memasukkanperNmbangancuaca&kondisijalan

•  Menghindarijadwalyangterlaluketat

•  WaktuisNrahat(seNap2jam)•  MemperketatperolehanSIM

FaktorPengganggulainnyaFaktorRisiko•  MenggunakanHP•  MengerjakanakNvitaslainnya

sambilmengemudi•  Muatanlebih•  Hilangkendali•  Terguling

MiIgasi•  KampanyeRoadSafety•  Fokuspadamengemudi•  Muatansesuaikapasitas

Penggunajalanrayalainnya

•  KeterNbanpenggunajalanrayalainnya•  Kebut-kebutan•  VideoKecelakaanPuncakCilotoCianjurJawaBarat30April2017

hRps://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kecelakaan+cipanas+30+April+2017

Pengguna%Jalan%Lainnya%

Sumber Gambar: Goole image

LainUlain%

Faktor%Risiko%

FocusGroupDiscussion(FGD)

•  Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan

•  Solusiuntukmeningkatkankapasitasmasyarakat

Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan

•  KampanyePenggunaanHelm•  KampanyePenggunaanSeatbelt•  KampanyeBatasKecepatan•  Kepatuhanterhadapperaturanlalulintas

•  Penerapanchildrestraints– menurunkanangkakemaNananakhingga35%

Solusiyangdapatdiberikanuntukmenurunkanangka&dampakkecelakaan

Solusiuntukmeningkatkankapasitasmasyarakat

•  PelaNhanFirstAidbagiorangawam•  PelaNhanEmergencyResponder•  SosialisasiNomordarurat(119,112,118)•  PendirianPublicSafetyCentreuntuksemuakabupaten•  Pemimpinperusahaan/insNtusimemberikankampanyeroad

safety&pelaNhanfirstaidbagikaryawan,guru,siswa&mahasiswa

Referensi•  FatmaLestari.RoadAccidents.SharingdiPertaminaMakassar.

2014.•  BadanPusatStaNsNk.2017.Website:hRps://www.bps.go.id/

linkTableDinamis/view/id/1134•  WHO.GlobalStatusReportonRoadSafety.2015.Website:hRp://

www.who.int/violence_injury_prevenNon/road_safety_status/2015/GSRRS2015_Summary_EN_final.pdf

•  Areviewofaccidents&injuriestoroadtransportdrivers.EuropeanAgencyforSafety&HealthatWork.2010.

•  Taxidrivers’safetyandhealth:AEuropeanreviewofgoodpracNceguidelines.2010.EuropeanAgencyforSafetyandHealthatWork(EU-OSHA).

•  Youth&RoadSafety.WHO.Website:hRp://www.who.int/features/facsiles/youth_roadsafety/youth_roadsafety_facts/en/index9.html

road traﬃc accidents: a silent disaster

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