regresi dan korelasi suatu produk dan sebaliknya harga suatu produk ditentukan juga oleh banyaknya...

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REGRESI DAN KORELASI

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REGRESIDAN KORELASI

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

2

CONTOH DATA DUA VARIABEL

Permintaan terhadap suatu produk berhubungan denganharga suatu produk dan sebaliknya harga suatu produkditentukan juga oleh banyaknya permintaan terhadap produktersebut

Permintaan terhadap suatu produk dipengaruhi olehmeningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat

Hasil penjualan produk suatu perusahaan ditentukan olehkeberhasilan perusahaan tersebut dalam mengiklankanproduk tersebut

Berat badan seseorang berkaitan dengan tinggi badan orangtersebut

Persentase kelahiran menurun yang disebabkan olehmeningkatnya peserta KB dan membaiknya kesehatan ibu.

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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JENIS MODEL REGRESIHubungan Linear Positif

Hubungan Linear Negatif

Hubungan Tidak Linear

Tidak Ada Hubungan

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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REGRESI LINEARSEDERHANA

ii iY X

= Random Error

Y

X

(Observed Value of Y) =

Observed Value of Y

|Y X iX

i

(Conditional Mean)

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

5

PERSAMAAN REGRESI LINEAR

Y

XObserved Value

|Y X iX

i

ii iY X

0 1i iY b b X

ie

0 1i iib bY X e 1b

0b

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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REGRESI LINEAR SEDERHANA

Ŷ = a + bX

22

22

2

XXn

YXXYnb

XXn

XYXXYa

n

Xb

n

Ya

XXn

YXXYnb 22Bila koefisien b dihitung

terlebih dahulu

DIMANA: Ŷ adalah nilai taksiran untuk

variabel tak bebas Y X adalah nilai variabel bebas a adalah intersep bilamana X=0 b adalah koefisien kemiringan

atau slope dari garis regresi

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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CONTOH REGRESISEDERHANA

Anda ingin mengujiketergantungan linierhasil penjualan tokotahunan atas ukurantoko. Data sampleuntuk 7 toko telahdiperoleh. Temukanpersamaan garis lurusyang sesuai dengandata itu.

AnnualStore Square Sales

Feet($1000)1 1,726 3,6812 1,542 3,3953 2,816 6,6534 5,555 9,5435 1,292 3,3186 2,208 5,5637 1,313 3,760

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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DIAGRAM SCATTER

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Square Feet

Ann

ual S

ales

($00

0)

Excel Output

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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PERSAMAAN REGRESILINEAR SEDERHANA

0 1ˆ

1636.415 1.487i i

i

Y b b X

X

From Excel Printout:Coefficien ts

In te rce pt 1636.414726X V a ria b le 1 1.486633657

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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GRAFIK PERSAMAAN REGRESILINEAR SEDERHANA

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Square Fee t

Ann

ual S

ales

($00

0)

ANGKAINDEKS

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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INDEX NUMBERS

A ratio of a measure taken during one timeframe to that same measure taken duringanother time frame, usually denoted as thebase period

Simple Index Numbers Unweighted Aggregate Price Indexes Weighted Aggregate Price Index Numbers Laspeyres Price Index Paasche Price Index

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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SIMPLE INDEX NUMBERS

interestofyear theofnumberindex the

interestofyearin thecostorprice,quantity, the

yearbasein thecostorprice,quantity, the:

100

IX

X

i

i

0

0

where

XXI i

i

The motivation for using an indexnumber is to reduce data to an easier-to-use, more convenient form.

The motivation for using an indexnumber is to reduce data to an easier-to-use, more convenient form.

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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INDEX NUMBERS FOR BUSINESS STARTS INTHE U. S.

Year Starts Index

1985 249,770 100.0

1986 253,092 101.3

1987 233,710 93.6

1988 199,091 79.7

1989 181,645 72.7

1990 158,930 63.6

1991 155,672 62.3

1992 164,086 65.7

1993 166,154 66.5

1994 188,387 75.4

1995 168,158 67.3

1996 170,475 68.3

1997 166,740 66.8

1998 155,141 62.1

1999 151,016 60.5

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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UNWEIGHTED AGGREGATEPRICE INDEX NUMBERS

i

i

i

i

I PP

PPI

where i

i

0

0

100

0

: the price of an item in the year of interest ( )

the price of an item in the base year ( )

the index number for the year of interest ( )

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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UNWEIGHTED AGGREGATE PRICE INDEXFOR BASKET OF FOOD ITEMS

Year

1990 1995 2000Eggs (dozen) 0.78 0.86 1.06Milk (1/2 gallon) 1.14 1.39 1.59Bananas (per lb) 0.36 0.46 0.49Potatoes (per lb) 0.28 0.31 0.36Sugar (per lb) 0.35 0.42 0.43

Total 2.91 3.44 3.93

Base1990 100.00 118.21 135.051995 84.59 100.00 114.242000 74.05 87.53 100.00

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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WEIGHTED AGGREGATEPRICE INDEX NUMBERS

Computed by multiplying quantity weightsand item prices in determining the marketbasket worth for a given year

Also called value indexes Laspeyres - uses base period weights Paasche - use current period weights

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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LASPEYRES PRICE INDEX

L

i

IP QP Q

0

0 0

100

LaspeyresPrice Indexuses baseperiodweights

LaspeyresPrice Indexuses baseperiodweights

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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LASPEYRES PRICE INDEX: 1990 BASE YEAR

1990Quantity

Price

1990 1995 2000Eggs (dozen) 45 0.78 0.86 1.06Milk (1/2 gallon) 60 1.14 1.39 1.59Bananas (per lb) 12 0.36 0.46 0.49Potatoes (per lb) 55 0.28 0.31 0.36Sugar (per lb) 36 0.35 0.42 0.43

Sum of Products 135.82 159.79 184.26

Index Values 100.00 117.65 135.66

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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PAASCHE PRICE INDEX

p

i i

i

IP QP Q

0

100

PaaschePrice Indexusescurrentperiodweights

PaaschePrice Indexusescurrentperiodweights

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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PAASCHE PRICE INDEX:199 BASE YEAR

1999 2000Price Quantity Price Quantity

Syringes (dozen) 6.70 150 6.95 135Cotton swabs (box) 1.35 60 1.45 65Patient record forms (pad) 5.10 8 6.25 12Children's Tylenol (bottle) 4.50 25 4.95 30Computer paper (box) 11.95 6 13.20 8Thermometers 7.90 4 9.00 2

Numerator 1342.60 1379.60

Denominator 1342.60 1299.85

Index 100.00 106.14

STATISTIK & PROBABILITASCopyright © 2017 By. Ir. Arthur Daniel Limantara, MM, MT.

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IMPORTANT INDEXES

Consumer Price Index (CPI) Producer Price Index (PPI) Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)

KONSEP DASARPROBABILITAS