plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - core.ac.uk · peng a ruh per s ep si pada ph ysi ca l e...

adaP ispesreP huragneP E lacisyhP ecnediv isavitoM padahreTayaJ apsuP suB nakanuggneM ilabmeK kutnU nemusnoK nasuruJ

gnupmaL radnaB - )PP( atrakajgoJ

adap susaK idutS ayaJ apsuP )O.P( subotO naahasureP J nala oR gniR a nanamaT 9 oN nataleS d

atrakaygoY

ISPIRKS tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM nemejanaM idutS margorP

:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

3102




atrakaygoY



:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280


IMONOKE SATLUKAF


3102




atrakaygoY



:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280


IMONOKE SATLUKAF


3102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i




atrakaygoY



:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280


IMONOKE SATLUKAF


3102

i




atrakaygoY



:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280


IMONOKE SATLUKAF


3102

i




atrakaygoY



:helO

I YDED NAMOYN NAWAR

:MIN 331412280


IMONOKE SATLUKAF


3102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

,ulal asam irad rajaleB

,ini irah kutnu pudih

.kose irah kutnu parahreb

.aynatreb itnehreb hanrep kadit atik gnitnep gnay

)nietsniE treblA(

aynhuggnuses anerak ,uknaanrupmeskaditek sata faaM

kilim uti naanrupmesek atames nahut

,atnic anerak aumeS ini licek ayrak nakhabmesrepuk

: iatnic uka gnay akerem kutnu esaw ihdiW gnayH gnaS edI ♥

kapaB ♥ & ubI atnicreT

& kakak ♥ gnayasret ukkabm

hisakreT ukagrauleK aumeS ♥

ukitahid ada gnay gnaroeseS♥

tabahaS - uktabahas

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ukretamamlA


v


IMONOKE SATLUKAF NEMEJANAM NASURUJ - NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP SILUT

luduj nagned ispirkS awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY :

ADAP ISPESREP HURAGNEP ECNADIVE LACISYHP ISAVITOM PADAHRET NAKANUGGNEM ILABMEK KUTNU NEMUSNOK

GNUPMAL RADNAB NASURUJ AYAJ APSUP SUB - )PP( ATRAKAYGOY

susaK idutS P adap ON nataleS daoR gniR nalaJ ayaJ apsuP )O.P( subotO naahasureatrakaygoY nanamaT 9

uid kutnu nakujaid nad iraunaj 82 laggnat adap ij 02 31 .ayas ayrak lisah halada

kadit ini ispirks malad awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayas ,ini nagneD

ulesek tapadret arac nagned libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahur gnay lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem uka ayas gnay nial silunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep uata nasagag nakkujnunem

haloes - idnes ayas nasilut iagabes halo uata naigab tapadret kadit uata nad ,ir nial gnaro nasilut irad libma ayas uata ,urit ayas ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek

.aynilsa silunep adap )isnerefer malad naktubesid( naukagnep nakirebmem apnat

ataynret ayas awhab itkubret irah naidumekid aliB akam tubesret nakadnit nakukalem nakilabmekid hazaji ,nakrugugid ini ispirks utiay isknas amirenem aidesreb ayas helorep ayas gnay kimedaka raleg nad amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naipmip adapek

iauses sesorpid aidesreb nakulrepid alib atres naklatabid ).E.S( naruta nagnedgnadnurep - .)07 lasap nad 52 lasap ,3002 nuhaT 02 oN UU( ukalreb gnay nagnadnu

akaygoY atr J 13 irauna 02 31 naataynrep taubmem gnaY

nawarI ydeD namoyN 331412280 MIN

v

















v


















iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL AYRAK ISAKILBUP SUPMAK NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY: atrakaygoY

amaN : nawarI ydeD namoyN MIN 0 : 33141228

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategneP umlI nagnitnepek imeD

atanaS satisrevinU “ ludujreb gnay ayas haimlI ayraK amrahD ispesreP huragneP adaP ecnadivE lacisyhP padahreT ilabmeK kutnU nemusnoK isavitoM nakanuggneM

gnupmaL radnaB nasuruJ ayaJ apsuP suB – )PP( atrakaygoY ” susaK idutS adapR gniR nalaJ ayaJ apsuP )O.P( subotO naahasureP nanamaT 9 ON nataleS dao

atrakaygoY . satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad naedokgnep kutneb malad aynalolegnem

em atnimem ulrep apnat ,simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu tenretnI id aynnakisakilbupm ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad niji

.silunep iagabes .aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naikimeD .atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP iraunaJ 13 02 31 ,nakataynem gnaY

nawarI ydeD namoyN


iiv

KARTSBA

ADAP ISPESREP HURAGNEP ECNADIVE LACISYHP PADAHRET NAKANUGGNEM ILABMEK KUTNU NEMUSNOK ISAVITOM

GNUPMAL RADNAB NASURUJ AYAJ APSUP SUB – )PP( ATRAKAJGOJ

daP susaK idutS ayaJ apsuP )O.P( subotO naahasureP a

nanamaT 9 oN nataleS daoR gniR nlJ atrakaygoY

nawarI ydeD namoyN

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY

3102

adap ispesreP huragnep anamiagab iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP ecnadivE lacisyhP suB nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom padahret

adapek renoiseuk nakigabmem nagned nakukalid atad nalupmugneP .ayaJ apsuP hibel ayaJ apsuP suB asaj nakanuggnem hanrep gnay ayaJ apsuP suB O.P nemusnok

enoiseuK 001 halmuj nagned ,ilak )utas( 1 irad kinkeT .naitilenep lepmas iagabes r halada nakanugid gnay lepmas nalibmagnep gnilpmas ecneinevnoc evisoprup nagned

aireterk nagned lepmas kitsiretkarak aratna naiausesek rasad sata lepmas nahilimepda nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT .utnetret nahilimep reinil iserger hala

( kanul takgnarep nakanuggnem nagned adnagreb erawtfos ( SSPS ) tcudorP lacitsitatS )noisuloS ecivreS dna 0.31 wodniW rof ( noitulavE )nosreV nad lexE eciffO tfosorciM

.7002 adap ispesreP awhab iuhatekid naitilenep lisah iraD yhP roiretnI ecnadivE lacis apsuP suB nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom padahret huragnepreb

R( isanimreted neisefeoK sisilana lisaH .ayaJ 2 lebairav awhab nakkujnunem ) adap ispesreP ecnadivE lacisyhP roiretnI %9,41 rasebes huragnep iaynupmem

helo ihuragnepid %1,58 rasebes aynasis nakgnades ,nemusnok isavitom padahret .ini naitilenep ledom malad nakkusamid kadit gnay nial lebairav


iiiv

TCARTSBA

EHT OT ECNEDIVE LACISYHP NO NOITPECREP FO SECNEULFNI EHTTSUC MORF SUB AYAJ APSUP NIAGA ESU OT NOITAVITOM ’SREMO

)VV( ATRAKAJGOJ OT GNUPMAL RADNAB

ayaJ apsuP ynapmoC subotuA ta ydutS esaC A nanamaT 9 .oN daoR gniR .lJ

atrakaygoY

nawarI ydeD namoyN ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY 3102

eht ot noitpecreP eht fo secneulfni eht tuo dnif ot demia saw hcraeser sihT ehT .suB ayaJ apsuP niaga esu ot noitavitom ’sremotsuc eht ot ecnedivE lacisyhP apsuP suB O.P fo sremotsuc eht ot seriannoitseuq gnitubirtsid yb detcelloc erew atad

ve dah ohw ayaJ sa seriannoitseuQ 001 htiw ,ecno naht erom suB ayaJ apsuP desu re ecneinevnoc evisoprup saw selpmas ekat ot desu euqinhcet ehT .elpmas hcraeser htiw enil ni erew scitsiretcarahc ’selpmas eht nehw nekat erew selpmas ehT .gnilpmas

ehT .airetirc cificeps eht eht htiw noisserger raenil elpitlum gnisu dezylana erew atad noitaulavE( wodniW rof 0.31 )noituloS ecivreS dna tcudorP lacitsitatS( SSPS fo esu taht dewohs hcraeser eht fo stluser ehT .7002 lecxE eciffO tfosorciM dna )noisreV

yhP roiretnI no noitpecreP eht ot noitavitom ’sremotsuc eht decneulfni ecnedivE lacisR( noitanimreteD tneiciffeoC fo tluser sisylana ehT .suB ayaJ apsuP niaga esu 2 )

ecneulfni gib a dah ecnedivE lacisyhP roiretnI no noitpecreP elbairav eht taht dewohsaw tI .noitavitom ’sremotsuc eht ot decneulfni saw ,%1.58 sa gib sa ,tser ehT .%9.41 s

.hcraeser ledom siht ni dedulcni ton selbairav rehto yb


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nakhapmilem halet gnay esaW ihdiW gnayH gnaS edI adapek rukuys nad ijuP

ainurak hisak nad tamhar ,takreb alages - ayN nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes

luduj nagned ispirks “ adaP ispesreP huragneP ecnadivE lacisyhP isavitoM padahreT

gnupmaL radnaB nasuruJ ayaJ apsuP suB nakanuggneM ilabmeK kutnU nemusnoK -

)PP( atrakajgoJ “ m tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu nakujaid gnay raleg helorepme

atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nemejanaM idutS margorP imonokE anajraS

.atrakaygoY amrahD

ynem siluneP a irad nagnibmib nad nagnukud ,nautnab aynada apnat awhab irad

lalem uti anerak helO .dujuwret tapad kadit ini ispirks ,kahip iagabreb natapmesek iu

rasebes hisak amiret napacu nakiapmaynem susuhk araces nigni silunep ini - aynraseb

: adapek

.1 .rD kapaB .H satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales .iS.M ,ojdiraM yrreH

.amrahD atanaS

.2 kapaB .rD .iS.M,.E.S ,otnawruP sakuL satisrevinU nemejanaM idorpaK ukales

.amrahD atanaS

.3 kapaB .A.B.M ,E.S ,otrainuY iduY .A ales I gnibmibmeP nesoD uk halet gnay

nakirebmem kutnu narikip nad aganet ,utkaw nakgnaulem aidesreb kiab utigeb

agnas gnay kitirk nad nakusam ,nagnibmib nad naharagnep nagned ,agrahreb t

.nakiaselesret tapad ini ispirks aggnihes narabasek nad naitahrep hunep


x

.4 kapaB .srD iS.M ,.G otnawreoP ardneH . halet gnay II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales

utkaw nakgnaulem aidesreb kiab utigeb nakirebmem kutnu narikip nad aganet

usam ,nagnibmib .nakiaselesret tapad ini ispirks aggnihes kitirk nad nak

.5 nemejanaM idutS margorP imonokE satlukaF rajagnep ffatS nad nesoD panegeS

nauhategnep umli lakeb nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.ayas adapek

.6 suP O.P nipmimep ukales ariW edeG I kapaB nizi nakirebmem halet gnay ayaJ ap

.ini naitileneep nakukalem tapad silunep aggnihes

.7 ubI nad kapaB gnay atnicret , inE hagneN nad otuS hagneN gnay ulales

nakirebmem nad ,naaigahabek ,tahesan ,nagnukud ,aod ,gnayas hisak nakirebmem

nep nakidid gnay kiab apek ayas ad .

.8 akaK nawarI ardnI kedaK nad inaitsuR inE utuP ukk nakirebmem ulales gnay

rajaleb ulales kutnu isavitom kiab hibel idajnem kutnu .

.9 tagnames ,naairecek nakirebmem ulales gnay ukaut gnarO aud ek raseb agrauleK

a ,”?aynsulul napak“ nakaynanem nijar nad .aumes nailak gnayas uk

.01 ukhisakeK W murA aiserehT ukirebmem ulales gnay hisak nad atnic ,tagnames

abasek ,gnayas naitahrep nad ,naaitesek ,nar .ini amales gnires nupualaW

,kebmagN ...uoy evol syawla lliw I

.11 ukrubihgnem ulales gnay omoM nad B dnaloH tep yM .akus nupuam akud taas

.21 .otnaijum hagnen kap ynraiM kakeP ,ytsum kakeP : agrus id ruhulel araP

.nailak udnir ukA .aynaod nad nagnukud kutnu hisakamireT


ix

.31 tabahaS - ,amred ,gnaliG ,ataN ,naiV ,peta oeL ,nutnunam oeL ,yneD : uktabahas

A ,dabU ,D senahoj ,aksirem nakirebmem gnay aynnial nad idnA ,nuggnA ,saerdn

namalagnep nad atirec igabreb tapmet atres ukigab aod nad ,nagnukud ,tagnames

.amasreb

.41 nameT - kutnu nial gnay nad agoY ,ineB ,aruS ,togniN ,nhoJ :ojilaD soK id namet

.aynnagnukud nad naamasrebek

.51 icek agrauleK ,akidna edaM ,utup kabM ,ylleS edaM kabM :atrakaygoY id ukl

.P nawardnI namoyN

.61 renoiseuk isignem aidesreb halet gnay ayaJ apsuP O.P nednopser huruleS

.kiab nagned iaseles tapad ini ispirks aggnihes

.71 nameT - .ilaucekret apnat aumes :8002 nemejanaM id uknamet sata hisakamireT

.ini amales naamasrebek nad nagnukud

.81 aumeS gnaro utnabmem halet gnay isapisitrapreb nad gnukudnem , malad

utas naktubesid tapad kadit gnay ini ispirks nasilunep - .utasrep

rak helo ,nagnarukek kaynab hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP ,uti ane

nakanrupmeynem anug acabmep arap irad naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep

igab nakusam nahab idajnem tapad nad taafnamreb ini ispirks agomeS .ini ispirks

naker - .ispirks nusuynem malad naker

atrakaygoY 3102 iraunaj 2 ,

nawarI ydeD namoyN


iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......................... i

NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... ii

NAAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........ iii

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM ................................ ................................ .... vi

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ .............. v

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP ................................ ............ iv

KARTBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ iv i

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ....................... xi

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... iix

RATFAD RABMAG ................................ ................................ ......................... x iiv

RATFAD LEBAT ................................ ................................ .......................... xv iii

PMAL RATFAD NARI ................................ ................................ ..................... x xi

BAB I NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ............... 1

.A nakaleB rataL halasaM g ................................ ................................ . 1

.B aM nasumuR halas ................................ ................................ .......... 3

halasaM naujuT .C ................................ ................................ ............... 3

D. eneP taafnaM naitil ................................ ................................ ......... 4

E. P akitametsiS nasilune ................................ ................................ .... 5

BAB II AKATSUP NAIJAK ................................ ................................ ........... 7

.A iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ ............... 7

.a narasameP naitregneP ................................ .............................. 7


iiix

.b narasameP nemejanaM ................................ ............................. 11

c . naruaB narasameP ................................ ................................ .... 21

.1 tcudorP P( )kudor ................................ ................................ .. 13

.2 ecirP ( )agraH ................................ ................................ ........ 13

.3 noitomorP )isomorp( ................................ ............................ 14

.4 ecalP tapmet( ) ................................ ................................ ...... 14

.5 ecnadive lacisyhP )kisif itkub( ................................ ............. 51

.6 elpoeP )gnarO( ................................ ................................ ..... 16

.7 ssecorP )sesorP( ................................ ................................ ... 17

d . oK ukalireP nemusn ................................ ................................ ... 18

.1 alireP naitregneP nemusnok uk ................................ ............. 19

.2 ihuragnepmeM gnay kitsiretkaraK snoK ukalireP nemu ...... 02

e. J asa ................................ ................................ ............................ 26

.1 P J naitregne asa ................................ ................................ ..... 62

.2 asaJ kitsiretkarak ................................ ................................ .. 82

.3 asaJ isakifisalK ................................ ................................ ..... 13

.4 macaM - asaJ macam ................................ ............................. 43

.5 natukgnA asaJ ................................ ................................ ....... 53

nemusnoK ispesreP .f ................................ ................................ ... 83

.1 nemusnoK ispesreP naitregneP ................................ ............ 83

rotkaF .2 P adaP huragnepreB gnay ispesre .............................. 93

g . savitoM i ................................ ................................ ..................... 04

.1 M naitregneP isavito ................................ .............................. 04


vix

.2 iroeT - M iroet isavito ................................ ............................. 34

.3 nad isavitoM tnemevlovnI )natabilretek( .............................. 64

h . ecnadivE lacisyhP ................................ ................................ .... 05

i. huragneP ecnadivE lacisyhP isavitoM padahreT ..................... 35

B . T ispirkS weiveR uluhadre ................................ .............................. 55

lautpesnoK akgnareK .C ................................ ................................ ..... 65

D. setopiH si ................................ ................................ ......................... 65

BAB III NAITILENEP EDOTEM ................................ ................................ .. 75

.A leneP sineJ naiti ................................ ................................ .............. 75

.B naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS ................................ ......................... 75

.C ad tapmeT aitileneP utkaW n ................................ .......................... 85

.D leneP lebairaV naiti ................................ ................................ ......... 85

.1 ( sabeB lebairaV elbairaV tnednepednI ) ................................ ... 85

.2 ( takireT lebairaV elbairaV tnednepeD ) ................................ ... 95

.E atad rebmuS nad ataD ................................ ................................ .... 26

F. S nad isalupoP lepma ................................ ................................ ...... 26

.1 upoP isal ................................ ................................ .................... 26

.2 pmaS le ................................ ................................ ...................... 26

.G upmugneP kinkeT ataD nal ................................ ............................. 46

.1 kinkeT euK renois ................................ ................................ ..... 46

.2 vresbO kinkeT isa ................................ ................................ ..... 56

.3 cnawaW kinkeT ara ................................ ................................ ... 56


vx

.H lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT ................................ .......................... 56

I. urtsnI naijugneP kineT nem ................................ ............................ 66

.1 satidilaV ijU ................................ ................................ ............. 66

.2 ataD satilibaileR ijU ................................ ................................ . 76

J. anA kinkeT ataD sisil ................................ ................................ ...... 96

.1 sisilanA fitpirkseD ................................ ................................ ... 96

.2 kisalK ismusA ijU ................................ ................................ .... 96

.3 adnagreB reiniL isergeR sisilanA ................................ ............ 47

VI BAB NAITILENEP KEYBUS MUMU NARABMAG ............................ 87

.A aynnagnabmekreP nad naahasureP ayniridreB harajeS ................. 87

.B ayaJ apsuP O.P isatropsnarT asaJ areS nareP nad naujuT ............. 97

.1 naujuT ayaJ apsuP O.P isatropsnarT asaJ ................................ . 97

2 ayaJ apsuP O.P isatropsnarT asaJ atreS nareP .......................... 97

.C iskudorP ................................ ................................ ......................... 08

.D narasameP ................................ ................................ ...................... 18

.E nagniasreP takgniT nad nalaujneP emuloV ................................ ... 18

.F isasinagrO rutkurtS ................................ ................................ ........ 28

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA V BAB ................................ ......... 68

.A satitnedI nednopseR ................................ ................................ ....... 78

.1 K sineJ nimale ................................ ................................ ............ 78

.2 nednopseR aisU ................................ ................................ ......... 88

.3 naajrekreP ................................ ................................ .................. 98


ivx

.4 naanuggneP halmuJ ................................ ................................ ... 09

.5 ayaJ apsuP O.P asaJ nakanuggneM taaS nameT ...................... 19

.6 naluB paiteS awsisaham/rajaleP ukaS gnaU ............................. 29

.7 ataR natapadneP - nednopseR nalubreP atar ............................... 39

.B nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT ................................ .......................... 49

.1 satidilaV ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ ..... 49

.2 satilibaileR ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ . 79

.C ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ..... 89

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU ................................ ................................ ..... 89

.2 adnagreB isergeR isilanA ................................ .......................... 102

R( isanimreteD neisefeoK .3 2) ................................ ...................... 103

4. X apnat isergeR sisilanA 1 ................................ .......................... 501

5 . jugneP t ijU nagneD isakifingiS nai ................................ ........... 501

6. R( isanimreteD neisifeoK 2) ................................ ....................... 601

.D nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ................... 701

NASATABRETEK NAD NARAS ,NALUPMISEK IV BAB ....................... 901

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ..................... 901

.B naraS ................................ ................................ ............................... 901

naahasureP igaB naraS .1 ................................ ............................... 901

raS .2 ayntujnaleS itileneP igaB na ................................ ................. 901

.C itilenep nasatabreteK ................................ ................................ ....... 011

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ........................ 11 1


iivx

RABMAG RATFAD

rabmaG namalaH luduJ

.....ilebmeP ukalireP ledoM 1.II ................................ ............................. 91

2.II rotkaF - ukalireP ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf nemusnoK .................. 52

1.V ijU lisaH satisitsadeksoreteH ................................ ........................... 99

2.V margotsiH kifarG ................................ ................................ .............. 001

3.V tolP lamroN kifarG ................................ ................................ ........... 101


iiivx

RATFAD LEBAT

LEBAT namalaH luduJ

.....nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI 1.V ........................ 78

2.V aisU nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI ................................ ............ 88

3.V akrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI naajrekreP n ................................ .. 98

4.V naluB 21 malaD naanuggneP nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI ..... 09

5.V nakanuggneM taaS nameT nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI ........ 19

6.V nalubreP rajaleP ukaS gnaU nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI ...... 29

7.V eP nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI ataR natapadr - nalubreP atar ... 39

8.V naitileneP nemurtsnI satidilaV ijU lisaH ................................ .......... 59

9.V itileneP nemurtsnI satilebaileR ijU lisaH ................................ ......... 79

01.V ijU lisaH satireinilokitluM ................................ ............................... 89

11.V adnagreB reiniL isergeR sisilanA lisaH ................................ ........... 201

21.V isanimreteD isneisefeoK lisaH ................................ ......................... 1 40

1.V 3 X apnaT isergeR sisilanA 1 ................................ .............................. 01 5

1.V 4 isanimreteD neisifeoK lisaH ................................ ............................ 01 6


xix

NARIPMAL RATFAD

renoyseuK

nednopseR ataD

naitilenep ataD halO lisaH tuO tnirP

T lebaT


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL

malad narepreb gnilap gnay nataigek halada isatropsnarT

naimonokerep , lanoisaN natapadnep natakgninep halada aynutas halas gnay

agned arac n id isubirtsid naataremep .nakududnepek nad ahasu gnadib

aynada nagned nalajeS ,isasilabolg natutnut kutnu ahasureb hatniremep

rotkes naktaafnamem - raseb gnay isubirtnok ikilimem gnay ahasu rotkes

natapadnep naktakgninem kutnu N .arage atropsnart ,uti nialeS halada is

eB .satilibom nakukalem malad aisunam nataigek r aidesret isatropsnart iagab

res gnay aynsatilibom nataigek malad aisunam utnabmem anug tubesid gni

iD .natukgna anaras snart aratna isatropsnart halada uti isatrop ,tarad

satropsnart i tual satropsnart nad i gnisam iraD .aradu - art gnisam n isatrops

isatropsnart nataigek malad gnitnep tagnas gnay lidna iaynupmem tubesret

.nial amas utas natiakreb gnadakret aynagitek gnay

aisunam napudihek malad lidna tuki gnay natukgna sinej iagabreB

d aidesret aman mala adebreb gnay nataigek nad - adeb malad tapadret ini .

ukgna id ajas naklasim ,aradu nupuam tual ,tarad natukgna t gnay ada tarad na

nakamanid b ( PAKA su sub porp ratna atok ratna i isn ( PDKA nad ) a ntaukgn

k ato d mala p .)isnipor porp ratna atok ratna suB i anaras halada )PAKA( isn


2

munep tukgnagnem kutnu sub natukgna orp utaus atok utaus irad gnap pi isn

ok ek orp id nial at ip gnapmunep kiranem kadit aynisarepo aggnihes ,nial isn

atok irad - haread uata atok - mulebes iulalid gnay haread haread uata atok

orp id naujut p .nial isni

sinej adap ,tarad isatropsnart adom aratna nagniasrep aynada tabikA

nep imalagnem sub adom id gnay gnapmunep halmuj nanuru helo nakbabes

rakid ,sub nataukgna asaj padahret takaraysam tanim aynnurut e agrah nakan

gnay alib amal gnay utkaw ,laham nad nalipmat atres sub nakanuggnem

naksaumem kadit gnay sub nanayalep nab hisam atres igal kay sala na - nasala

.nial takaraysam tanim kiranem malad gnitnep narepreb tagnas sub nalipmaT

ini isatropsnart anaras nakanuggnem kutnu , kiranem gnay nalipmat anerak

d kinu na em tapad .iridnes uti sub gnapunep halmuj naktakgnin

takaraysam aynmumu adaP kanuggnem ini aynisatropsnart asaj na

nah tahilem ay P lacisyh E ecnediv d hibelret )kisif itkub( .uluha lacisyhP

E ecnediv )kisif itkub( isif nagnukgnil halada nakiapmasid asaj anamid k helo

naahasurep padahret aynnemusnok nad reb iskaretni nenopmok paites atres ,

bignat le isatilisafmem asaj anerak tubesret asaj isakinumok uata nalipmanep

akam ,isaulaveid kutnu tilus P lacisyh E ecnediv nakirebmem )kisif itkub(

adnat - asaj satilauk aynlasim ,adnat ayn . lacisyhP E ecnediv ub( k )kisif it

lah aumes pukacnem gnay eb r tafis nat g elbi reb natiak asaj utaus nagned

itrepes .satilisaf nad natalarep


3

naahasurep utas halaS )O.P( siboto nakitahrepmem gnay lacisyhP

E ecnediv itkub( )kisif nakanuggnem kutnu takaraysam tanim kiranem malad

ayaJ apsuP O.P halada aynasaj . ureP as nart inayalem aynnah ini naah s isatrop

ualup ,artamuS ualup J nad awa ualup B ila . T sub adap kitnedi gnay nalipma

apsuP nad uajih gnay aynnanraw halada ayaJ fitom tapadret - gnay fitom

kiranem aynraul naigab adap .

kutnu kiratret asarem silunep akam ,sataid naiaru nakrasadreB

“ luduj nagned naitilenep nakukalem adaP ispesreP huragneP lacisyhP

E ecnediv K kutnU nemusnoK isavitoM padahreT M ilabme nakanuggne

B apsuP su ayaJ nasuruJ radnaB gnupmaL - ajgoJ atrak PP . susak iduts

.ayaj apsuP O.P adap

.B halasaM nasumuR

sata id nakakumekid halet gnay halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

: tukireb iagabes halasam naksumurem silunep akam

adap ispesrep huragnep anamiagaB E roiretx nad I roiretn lacisyhP

edivE ecn araces natlumis amasreb( - )amas nemusnok isavitom padahret

kutnu nakanuggnem ilabmek b ?ayaJ apsuP su

.C naitileneP naujuT

: halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT iuhategnem kutnU anamiagab

huragnep E roiretx nad I roiretn E lacisyhP ecnadiv ispesrep turunem


4

nemusnok araces ( natlumis amasreb - amas ) padahret nemusnok isavitom

kutnu asaj nakanuggnem ilabmek sub .ayaJ apsuP

.D naitileneP taafnaM

igab taafnamreb tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep aynnakukalid nagneD

amaturet kahip iagabreb kahip - : utiay ,aynmalad id tabilret gnay kahip

.a P nemejanaM igaB . ayaJ apsuP O

nakirebmem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisah aynada nagneD

nemejanam igab nakusam nad nagnabmus P. ayaJ apsuP O malad

alolegnem lacisyhP E ecnediv ( itkuB aigab uti kiab ,)kisip n E roiretx

nupuam I roiretn nahilip idajnem tapad nakparahid aynitnan nad ,

igetarts P. ayaJ apsuP O .nagniasrep ipadahgnem malad

.b amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

nad naakatsupek habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

utas halas iagabes anugreb kutnu kiratret gnay acabmep igab isnerefer

.narasamep gnadib malad apures gnay kipot itilenem

.c siluneP igaB

anaras iagabes silunep igab anugreb tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

iroet naparenep - .nasawaw nad nauhategnep habmanem sugilakes iroet


5

.E akitametsiS nasiluneP

: I BAB NAULUHADNEP

,halasam gnakaleb ratal ianegnem naksalejid ini bab malaD

taafnam ,halasam naujut ,halasam nasatamep ,halasam nasumur

.nasilunep akitametsis nad naitilenep

: II BAB AKATSUP NAIJAK

iroet nakisireb ini baB - ,narasamep nemejanam gnatnet iroet iroeT

ispesreP iroeT nad aynnakadaid nautnenep rasad iagabes isavitom

iroet atres ini naitilenep - .gnukudnem gnay sitkarp iroet

: III BAB NAITILENEP EDOTEM

gnatnet sahabmem nad naksalejnem ini baB ,naitilenep sinej

,naitilenep keybo nad keybus ,naitilenep tapmet nad utkaw

,atad rebmus nad sinej ,aynnarukugnep tala nad naitilenep lebairav

kinket ,lepmas nad isalupop ,atad nalupmugnep kinket

.atad sisilana kinket nad lepmas nalibmagnep

: VI BAB ABMAG MUMU NAR NAITILENEP KEYBUS

apsuP O.P gnatnet isamrofni atres narabmag nakirebmem ini baB

.naitilenep keybo idajnem gnay ayaJ


6

: V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

,atad sisilana ,atad nahalognep lisah gnatnet nakiarugnem ini baB

nabawaj nad nasahabmep .nakujaid gnay halasam irad

K: IV BAB NALUPMISE S , NARA K nad NASATABRETE P NAITILENE

naitilenep irad libmaid gnay nalupmisek gnatnet nakiarugnem ini baB

naras nad - silunep naataynrep iatresid naahasurep kahip kutnu naras

.aynnakukalid gnay nasatabretek naka


7

II BAB

K AKATSUP NAIJA

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.a narasameP naitregneP

utaus malad nakulrepid gnay nataigek nakapurem narasameP

naujut ayniapacret imed naahasurep aguj narasamep nataigeK .naahasurep

kutnu ,naahasurep utaus pudih nagnusgnalek igab gnitnep tagnas

itrareb aynah nakub narasameP .abal naktapadnem kutnu nad gnabmekreb

hibel gnay itra ikilimem ipatet kudorp nakisomorpmem uata kudorp laujnem

.saul

narasameP )6:8002( gnortsmrA yraG nad reltoK pilihP turunem

ukireb iagabes nakataynid :

igab ialin nakatpicnem naahasurep anamid sesorp halada narasameP“

nagned naggnalep nagned tauk gnay nagnubuh nugnabmem nad naggnalep

s naggnalep irad ialin pakgnanem kutnu naujut .”aynnalabmi iagabe

)8:8002( yhtraCcM nad tluaerreP ,nonnaC turunem narasameP nakgnadeS

gabes nakataynid :tukireb ia

“ narasas iapacnem naujutreb gnay sativitka utaus halada narasameP

naggnalep nahutubek isapisitnagnem arac nagned nakukalid ,naahasurep


8

uata ihunemem gnay asaj nad gnarab narila nakharagnem atres neilk

.”nesudorp irad neilk uata naggnalep nahutubek

isaisosA akiremA gnitekraM malad )AMA( B :)5:4002( amlA irahcu

“ corp eht si gnitekram es ,gnicirp ,noitpecnoc eht gnitucexe dna gninnalp fo s

dna ,noitomorp segnahcxe etaerc ot ecivres dna ,doog ,aedi fo noitubirtsid

taht ”.slaog noitazinagro dna laudividni yfsitas sesorp halada narasamep(

agrah naparenep ,narikimep naanaskalep nad naanacnerep atres isomorp ,

gnay narakutrep nakatpicnem kutnu asaj nad gnarab ,nasagag narulaynep

.)isasinagro nad udividni nasutupek ihunemem

dnaleZ dna ailartsuA fo noitaicossA gnitekraM amlA irahcuB malad

nad isatilisafmem gnay sativitka halada narasamep“ )3:4002( racnalrepmem

,naatpicnep iulalem naksaumem gnilas gnay narakutrep nagnubuh utaus

.”edi nad asaj ,gnarab agrah nautnenep nad isomorp ,naisubirtsidnep

ztluhS J mailliW malad “ :)2:4002( amlA irahcuB gnitekraM

nakilimep nahadnimep ihuragnepmem gnay ahasu irad iridret narasamep(

gnarab .”aynisubirtsid kusamret asaj nad

awhab naksalejneM )1:5991( snikfeJ knarF )gnitekram( aynrenebes

bmep nesudorp arap irad gnarab nakisubirtsidnem radekes irad hibel ayntau

sameP .ayniakamep nemusnok arap adapek a ggnuses nar itupilem aynhu


9

ay napahat aumes i ut anrup nanayalek aggnih kudorp naatpicnep irad ialum

rednes uti nalaujnep iskasnart haletes lauj i .idajret

a narasamep“ :nakisinifednem )1:9991( dlanoD .cM .H moclaM halad

taigek nad naupmamek aratna nakococnep labmit naujut iapacnem kutnu na

nakataynem )6:0002(onotpijT ydnaF turuneM .”nakgnutnugnem gnay kilab

samep“ awhab a raseb gnilap katnok ikilimem gnay isgnuf nakapurem nar

gnagemem nad lanretske nagnukgnil malad malad gnitnep nanarep

samep aynigetarts nanarep malaD .igetarts nakgnabmuynem a pukacnem nar

kutnu ahasu paites nad naahasurep aratna naiausesek iapacnem

aynnagnukgnil nautnenep halasam nahacemep iracnem akgnar malad

okop nagnabmitrep gnay apa sinsib inkay k id naka naka gnay asam id ikusam

gnatad amiagab audek gnay nad hilipid gnay sinsib an tapad tubesret

rasad sata ayngnniasep nagnukgnil malad seskus nagned naknalajid

fitkepsrep evitubirtsid kudorp , , .”)narasamep naruab( iskudorp nad agrah

nad reltoK “ :)5:4002( gnortsmrA laireganam dna laicos a si gnitekram

hguorht deen yeht tahw niatbo puorg dna laudividni hcihw yb ssecorp

dna gnitaerc .rehto htiw eulav dna stcudorp gnignahcxe siht nialpxe oT

gniwollof eht enimaxe lliw ew ,noitinifed am erac tnatropmi :specnoc gnitekr

dna ,ecivres ,kudorp( reffo gnitekram ;sdnamed dna ,tnaw ,deen

”tekram dna;sphnoitaler dna snoitakifitas dna eulav ;)secneirepxe aynitra

i anamid lairejanam laisos sesorp utaus iagabes narasamep udividn - udividni


01

lek nad o kopm - padnem kopmolek d nakhutub akerem gnay apa nakta na

,nakatpicnem nagned naknigni sabeb araces nad ,nakrawanem

kutnu naidumeK .nial kahip nagned ialinreb gnay kudorp nakrakutrepmem

:narasamep irad itni naksalejnem imak ,tubesret isinifed naksalejnem

nad ,nangniek ,nahutubek naatnimrep rp( narasamep narawanep : o ,asaj ,kud

namalagnep nad - ,iskasnart ,narakutrep ;nasaupek nad ialin ;)namalagnep

.rasap nad nagnubuh

“ :)11:2002( ayajatraK nawamreH eht sa nees yllacipyt si gnitekraM

gnireviled dna ,gnitomorp ,gnitaerc fo ksat sremusnoc ot ecivres dna sdoog

.”ssenisub dna gnitekraM kutnu sagut iagabes tahilid susuhk araces

adapek asaj nad gnarab nakratnahgnem nad ,nakisomorpmem ,nakatpicnem

sinsib nemusnok nad nemusnok .

id isinifed nakrasadreB rasamep awhab naklupmisid tapad sata adap na

nad gnarab narulaynep nataigek sesorp naiakgnar utaus nakapurem aynrasad

rp irad asaj o usnok ek nesud id nem ynem naahasurep utaus anam utaus nusu

nenem nagned anacner id gnay isomorp nad agrah nakut o adap nakisatnier

kutnu naggnalep nangniek nad nahutubek nakitahrepmem atres naggnalep

.naggnalep naksaumem


11

.b narasameP nemejanaM naitregneP

nataigek aynada nakulrepid naahasurep haubes malaD - nataigek

ajrenik nagnabmekrep gnukudnem upmam gnay narasamep .naahasurep

nataigeK - alolekid nad isanidrookid surah tubesret narasamep nataigek

.narasamep nemejanam halitsi nagned lanekid gnay kiab gnay arac nagned

gnortsmrA yraG nad reltoK pilihP turunem narasameP nemejanaM

: tukireb iagabes nakataynid )01:8002(

nad rasap tegrat hilimem umli nad ines halada narasameP nemejanaM“

.”uti rasap tegrat nagned nakgnutnugnem gnay nagnubuh nugnabmem

nad reklaW ,dyoB turunem narasameP nemejanaM nakgnadeS

: tukireb iagabes nakataynid )81:0002( ehcerraL

a narasameP nemejanaM“ ,nakanacnerem ,sisilanagnem sesorP halad

margorp nakiladnegnem nad ,nakisanidrookgnem - pukacnem gnay margorp

asaj ,kudorp irad isubirtsid nad ,isomorp ,agrah napatenep ,napesnokgnep

narakutrep arahilemem nad nakatpicnem kutnu gnacnarid gnay nasagag nad

gnay naujut iapacnem kutnu narasas rasap nagned nakgnutnugnem

.”naahasurep

nemejanam awhab naklupmisid tapad sata id isinifed audek iraD

nakisanidrookgnem ,nakanacnerem ,sisilanagnem sesorp halada narasamep


21

kutnu gnacnarid halet gnay margorp nakiladnegnem nad nad nakatpicnem

gnay nagnubuh nugnabmem nagned narakutrep naknahatrepmem

nakgnutnugnem naujut naiapacnep kutnu naujutreb gnay rasap tegrat adap

.naahasurep

.c narasamep naruaB

nakanugid tapad gnay tala takgnarepes nakapurem narasamep naruaB

asaj sitiretkarak kutnebmem kutnu rasamep adapek nakrawatid gnay

talA .naggnalep - igetarts nusuynem kutnu nakanugid tapad tubesret tala

ajnap akgnaj kitkat margorp gnacnarem nad gnajnap akgnaj nanusuyneP .gn

rusnu isispmok - naujut naiapacnep akgnar malad narasamep naruab rusnu

.isasinagro

naahasurep adap )502:4002 amlA irahcuB( rentiB nad mooB turuneM

,ajas P4 itupilem aynah nukalid gnay narasamep ,kudorp naklisahgnem gnay

utiay : kudorp )tcudorp( , tapmet ,)ecalp( agrah )ecirp( morp nad iso

.)noitomorp( asaj kudorp naklisahgnem gnay naahasurep nakgnadeS

: utiay P7 itupilem nakukalid surah gnay rasamep kudorp ,)tcudorp( tapmet

,)ecalp( agrah )ecirp( . isomorp ,)noitomorp( gnaro ,)elpaep( kisif itkub

)ecnedive lacisyhp( sesorp nad rp( o )ssec


31

nad mooB turunem P7 naitregneP 4002,amlA irahcuB( rentiB - )5002

:utiay natiakreb gnilas gnay rusnu 7 ada

.1 tcudorP

halada kudorp“ )543:1002( gnortsmA nad reltoK

rasap ek nakrawatid tapad gnay utauses alages kutnu

kid uata nakanugid ,ilebid ,naitahrep naktapadnem o ismusn

.”ilebmep nahutubek uata nanigniek naksaumem tapad gnay

alages halada kudorp haubes ,)3:8991( navarC

anamid narasas rasap utaus id ialin ikilimem gnay utauses

ad taafnam ikilimem aynnaupmamek kusamret nasaupek n

,asaj ,adneb o tapmet ,isasinagr o .edi nad gnar

.2 ecirP

helo lanekid hadus iridnes agrah halitsI takaraysam

irahcuB turunem tubesret agrah naitilenep anamid ,saul araces

gnay gnarab utaus ialin“ nakapurem )97:4002( amlA

nagned nakataynid .”gnau

Ko agrah“ )37:1002( gnorsmA nad relt )ecirp( halada

kutnu naggnalep helo rayabid surah gnay gnau halmujes

repmem o rp hel o .”kud


41

.3 rP o noitom

halada narasamep igetarts“ )77:8991( nevarC

isakinumok nailadmegnep nad isatnemelpmi ,naanacnerep

utaus irad o asinagr s narasas nad nemusnok utaus adapek i

halada narasamep naruab malad isomorp isgnuF .”aynnial

paites nagned isakinumok naujut iapacnem kutnu pmok o .nen

nenopmoK - pmok o rp naruab nen omo nanalkirep pukacnem is

etrevda( ,)gnis nagnarorep nalaujnep srep( o ,)gnilles lan

rp omo nalaujnep is itomorp selas( ,)no nagnubuh nad

ysam a takar .)noitaler cilbup(

K turuneM p“ )47:1002( gnorsmA nad relto isomor

aynitra numokgnem sativitka rp naluggnuek nakisaki o kud

.”aynilebmem kutnu narasas naggnalep kujubmem atres

.4 ( ecalP tapmet )

taubmem kutnu naahasurep sativitka kusamret tapmeT

ianegnem nasutupeK .narasas nemusnok igab aidesret kudorp

raga gnitnep tagnas tapmet kudorp helorepmem tapad nemusnok

.nakhutubid taas adap tapet nakhutubid gnay

)843:8002( yhtraCcM nad tluaerreP ,nonnaC

nad gnarab taubmem gnay halada tapmet awhab naktubeynem

nagned iauses gnay isakol adap nad satitnauk malad aidesret asaj


51

gnalep nanigniek irad kudorp nakhadnimem kutnu anaraS .nag

isubirtsid narulas iulalem halada nemusnok adapek naahasurep

.aratnarep naiakgnar iagabreb irad iridret gnay ini aratnarep araP

gnay rihka nemusnok nad nesudorp aratna id adareb aynisisop

id narulas utaus kutnebmem .isubirts

.5 )kisif itkub( ecnadive lacisyhP

k itrareb kisif itkuB o adneb tahilem naka nemusn -

adneb irad atayn adneb - asaj naklisahgnem gnay adneb

K .tubesret o tapmet utaus ek gnujnukreb gnay nemusn

,roiretske ,roiretni ,nanugnab nakitahrepmem naka naahasurep

.nawayrak magares naiakap ek iapmas nakhab nad natalarep

hotnoc icnir hibeL - hotnoc ecnadive lacisyhp ,

nemusnok ,lanretske satilisaf kutnu halai kisif itkub itupilem

namet ,rikrap tapmet ,roiretske niased nakitahrepmem naka -

ti nagnukgnil anasaus nad namet roiretske satilisaf kutnU .u

,napakgnelrep ,roietni niasid nakitahrepmem naka nemusnok

rabmag - aradu naragesek ,gnaur naatanep ,rabmag nad

itkuB .rutarepmet - naahasurep kutnu nial itkub - naahasurep

tala ,aman utrak nakitahrepmem naka nemusnk utnetret

kgnelrep naiakap nad ,rusorb ,ogol ,nalipmanep ,rotnak napa

)432:0002 ,amla irahcuB( .magares


61

.6 )gnarO( elpoeP

gnaro )91:7002( thgirW nad kcolevoL turuneM

gnadak nad( nawayrak nakapurem - )nial naggnalep gnadak

asaj kaynaB .iskudorp sesorp malad tabilret gnay gnutnagreb

nad naggnalep aratna idabirp nad gnusgnal iskaretni adap

tagnas ini iskaretni irad tafiS .naahasurep nawayrak

.asaj satilauk padahret naggnalep ispesrep ihuragnepmem

amiret akerem gnay asaj satilauk ialinem gnires naggnaleP

naialinep nakrasadreb gnaro padahret - gnay gnaro

tubesret asaj nakaideynem

nanayalep ihuragnepmem aynah kadit nemusnoK

ihuragnepmem tapad aguj akerem ipatet ,amiret akerem gnay

tapad nemusnoK .akerem naialinep iulalem aynnial nemusnok

padahret raseb gnay huragnep nakirebmem nanayalep satilauk

rebmus nemele irad kusamret nemusnok anerak iawagep arap

.aisunem ayad


71

.7 )sesorP( ssecorP

sesorp )02:7002( thgirW nad kcolevoL turuneM

nakadnit naiakgnares uata naisarepognep edotem halada

hakgnal apureb aynumu gnay utnetret - ay hakgnal gn

kutnU .nakpatetid halet gnay naturu utaus nakulrepid

adapek kudorp nemele nakiapmaynem nad nakatpicnem

sesorp irad isatnemelpmi nad niased nakulrepid naggnalep

.fitkefe gnay

padahret lautka gnay nanayalep rudesorp nairebmeP

oisarepo narila uata nemusnok tapad gnay nanayalep lan

nakirebmem kutnu natapmesek nemusnok nakirebmem

aparebeB .nakirebid gnay nanayalep padahret naialinep

nad timur pukuc gnay metsis nakanuggnem nanayalep sinej

naiakgnares malad nemusnok naatrestukiek nakhutubmem

ret nanayalep sesorp .tubes nanayalep metsis aynasaiB

timur gnay isarkorib metsis kutnu nakparetid ini itrepes

nagneD .awecek asarem nemusnok gnadakret anamid

nanayalep sesorp irad adebreb gnay retkarak nakanuggnem

hakapa ,nemusnok arap irad naialinep libmaid tapad asaj

ayalep isasiradnatsret gnay rudesorp imalagnem tubesret nan

nagned nakiausesid tubesret nanayalep hakapa uata


81

nanayalep metsis retkarak audeK .nemusnok nahutubek

aynah ,amas gnay nagnutnuek tobob iaynupmem tubesret

ka tubesret nanayalep metsis retkarak audek ajas adebreb na

.nemusnok arap helo ialinid

.d nemusnoK ukalireP

af nakapurem nemusnok ukalireP gnusgnal araces kadit gnay rotk

aynisamrofni iracid ulrep uti babes helo naahasurep helo nakiladnekid

.naahasurep helo nikgnum lamiskames

imahamem kutnu lawa kitiT ukalirep ledom halada nemusnok ukalirep

nagnasgnar apureb nailebmep - rabmag adap naktahilrepid gnay nagnasgnar

nad isakol ,agrah ,kudorp utiay ,P4 irad iridret narasamep nagnasgnar .1.2

kusam naidumeK .nial nagnasgnar/raul irad nagnasgnar aguj naD .tapmet

p .nailebmep matih katok ada aynsnopserem nemusnok naidumeK .


91

1.II rabmaG

ilebmeP ukalireP ledoM

.1 nemusnok ukalireP naitregneP

nakadnit halmujes halada nemusnok ukalireP - atayn nakadnit

( naawijek rotkaf helo ihuragnepid gnay nemusnok laudividni sigolokisp )

nad rotkaf - ( aynnial raul rotkaf lanretske akerem nakharagnem gnay )

gnarab nakanugrepmem nad hilimem kutnu - .naknigniid gnay gnarab

)3:2002( MM ,.ES hallurimA

nemusnok ukalirep pukgnil gnauR

ada awhab nakpakgnugnem attiB alleD .J treblA nad noduoL .L divaD

agit lebairaV .nemusnok ukalirep malad ijakid ulrep gnay amatu lebairav

:itupilem uti

ilebmep snopseR

kudorp nahiliP kerem nahiliP nahiliP

rulaynep utkaWilebmep halmuJ

nailebmep

ilebmep matih katoK

kitsiretkaraK nasutupek sesorP ilebmeP nailebmep

ayaduB halasam nalanegneP laisoS isamrofnI nairacneP idabirP isaulavE

sigolokisP nasutupeK ukalireP acsap

nailebmep

nial nagnasgnar nad narasameP

narasameP nagnasgnaRnial kudorP imonokE

agraH igolonkeT tapmeT kitiloP

isomorP ayaduB


02

.a adareb gnay lebairav iagabes nakitraid gnay lebairav sulumitS

.nailebmep nasutupek malad huragnepreb nad udividni raulid

.b irad naktabikaid gnay lebairav utiay snopser lebairaV lebairav

.udividni sativitka lebairav iagabes tubesid uata sulumits

.c sulumits lebairav aratnaid adebreb ini lebairav ,gninevretni lebairaV

huragnep itukignem kadit ajas asib nemusnoK .snopser lebairav nad

srep iaynupmem nemusnok akij sulumits lebairav irad pakis nad ispe

.nakrawatid gnay asaj nad gnarab padahret tauk gnay

urunem nemusnok ukalirep naitregneP nad .hD ahtawS usaB t .T

.)01:0002( ,okodnaH inaH

nataigek iagabes halada nemusnok ukalireP - udividni nataigek

,naktapadnem maladid araces tabilret gnay gnarab nakanugrepmem -

asaj nad gnarab - nalibmagnep sesorp aynmaladid kusamret ,asaj

nataigek nautnenep nad napaisrep adap nasutupek - .tubesret nataigek

sesorp )1( :uti nemusnok ukalirep itra irad gnitnep nemele aud adA

nataigek )2( nad ,nasutupek nalibmagnep ini aumes gnay ,kisif

nad ,naktapadnem ,ialinem malad udividni naktabilem

gnarab nakanuggnem - asaj nad gnarab - .simonoke asaj

.2 nemusnoK ukalireP ihuragnepmeM gnay kitsiretkaraK

ukalirep ihuragnepmem gnay kitsiretkarak halada ini tukireB

lihP ,turunem nemusnok 951:8002( ,gnortsmrA yraG nad reltoK pi - .)671


12

,laisos ,ayadub kitsiretkarak helo ihuragnepid tagnas nemusnok nailebmeP

nakiladnegnem tapad kadit rasamep aynasaiB .sigolokisp nad ,idabirp

rotkaf - .aynnakgnutihrepmem surah akerem ipatet ,uti itrepes rotkaf

.a aF ayaduB rotk

maladnem nad saul gnay huragnep iaynupmem ayadub rotkaF

gnay narep imahamem surah rasameP .nemusnok ukalirep adap

.ilebmep laisos salek nad ,ayadubbus ,ayadub helo nakniamid

)1 ayaduB

gnay ukalirep nad ,nanigniek ,ispesrep ,rasad ialin nalupmuK

id isutitsni nad agraulek irad takaraysam atoggna helo irajalep

.aynnial gnitnep

)2 ayadubbuS

nakrasadreb ialin metsis iagabreb gnay takaraysam kopmoleK

.mumu gnay isautis nad pudih namalagnep

)3 laisoS saleK

malad gnajnejreb nad nenamrep fitaler gnay naigabmeP

nad ,tanim ,ialin iagabreb aynatoggna anamid takaraysam

.amas gnay ukalilrep


22

.b laisoS rotkaF

rotkaf helo ihuragnepid aguj nemusnok ukalireP - ,laisos rotkaf

nad narep atres ,agraulek ,licek kopmolek itrepes laisos sutats

.nemusnok

)1 kopmoleK

naujut iapacnem kutnu iskaretnireb gnay gnaro hibel uata auD

.amasreb naujut uata idabirp

,isnerefer kopmolek maladid gnaroeses halada inipo nipmimeP

,nauhategnep ,susuhk nailhaek ikilimem anerak gnay

arak uata naidabirpek ,aynikilimid gnay ,nial kitsiretk

.nial gnaro padahret laisos huragnep iaynupmem

)2 agrauleK

ukalirep ihuragnepmem tagnas asib agraulek atoggnA

nemusnok nailebmep isasinagro halada agrauleK .ilebmep

itiletid halet nad ,takaraysam malad gnitnep gnilap gnay

.fisnetske araces

)3 sutatS nad nareP

kopmolek kaynab atoggna idajnem gnaraoeseS – ,agraulek

gnsisam malad gnaroeses isisoP .isasinagro nad ,bulk - gnisam

nareP .sutats nad narep malad nakisinifedid tapad kopmolek


32

nakukalid nakparahid gnay nataigek irad iridret gnaroeses

gnaro nagned iauses - gnisaM .aynratikesid gnaro - gnisam

gnay mumu ialin naknimrecnem gnay sutats awabmem narep

.takaraysam helo aynadapek nakirebid

.c idabirP rotkaF

kitsiretkarak helo ihuragnepid aguj ilebmep nasutupeK

pahat nad aisu itrepes idabirp ,naajrekep ,ilebmeep pudih sulkis

.irid pesnok nad naidabirpek atres ,pudih ayag ,imonoke isautis

)1 pudiH sulkiS pahaT nad aisU

gnajnapes ileb akerem gnay asaj nad gnarab habugnem gnarO

isaerker nad ,tobarep ,naiakap ,nanakam areleS .akerem pudih

reb gnires helo ktnebid aguj nailebmeP .aisu nagned nagnubuh

pahat ,agraulek pudid sulkis pahat - agraulek iulalid gnay pahat

.utkaw aynnalajreb agned gnatam idajnem akerem akitek

)2 naajrekeP

gnay asaj nad gnarab ihuragnepmem gnaroeses naajrekeP

ep halinisiD .ileb akerem tapad kutnu tutnitid naahasurep nar

kopmolek helo nakulrepid gnay asaj uata kudorp taubmem

.utnetret naajrekep


42

)3 imonokE isautiS

nahilip ihuragnepmem naka gnaroeses imonoke isautiS

gnarab rasameP .kudorp - padahret fitisnes gnay gnarab

itamagnem natapadnep nagnubat ,idabirp natapadnep alajeg

.agnub ukus nad

)4 pudiH ayaG

nakiserpskeid gnay gnaroeses pudih alop halada pudih ayaG

.natapadnep nad ,tanim ,nataigek malad

)5 naidabirpeK

snopser nakbabeynem gnay gnaroeses igolokisp kitsiretkaraK

d netsisnok fitaler gnay nagnukgnil padahret amal nahatreb na

.iridnes uti gnaro

.d sigolokisP rotkaF

gnaroeses nailebmep nahilip sata id rotkaf agitek nialeS

,ispesrep ,isavitom :amatu sigolokisp rotkaf tapme helo ihiragnepid

.pakis nad nanikayek atres ,narajalebmep

)1 isavitoM

avitoM gnay tauk gnay nanaket nagned nahutubek halada is

nahutubek sata nasaupek iracnem kutnu gnaroeses gnorodnem

.tubesret


52

)2 ispesreP

nad ,rutagnem ,hilimem gnaro anamid sesorp halada ispesreP

narabmag kutnebmem kutnu isamrofni nakisatsepretnignem

gnay ainud .itrareb

)3 narajalebmeP

gnaroeses ukalirep malad nahaburep halada narajalebmeP

.namalagnep irad lubmit gnay

)4 pakis nad nanikayeK

gnaroeses ikilimid gnay fitpirksed narikip halada nanikayeK

.utauses gnatnet

r gnay isnednet nad ,naasarep ,isaulave halada pakiS evitale

.edi uata kejbo haubes padahret gnaroeses irad netsisnok

2.II rabmaG

rotkaF - nemusnoK ukalireP ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf

.3

idabirP

sulkis pahat nad aisUpudih naajrekeP

imonoke isautiS ayaGpudih nad naidabirpeK

irid pesnok

laisoS

kopmoleKisnerefer agraulek

sutats nad narep

ayaduB

ayaduB ayadubbuS

laisoS saleK

igolokisP

isavitoM ispesreP narajalebmeP

nad naayacrepeK pakis

ilebmeP


62

.e asaJ

arac aynnaataynek malaD adapek asaj nakmirignem nad nakatpicnem

kadit gnay naraulek nad nakusam kaynab anerak imahapid tilus naggnalep

uata rutkafunam nakisinifednem kutnu tilus ulalret gnaro nakaynabeK .atayn

.asaj nakisinifednem tilus tagnas akerem ipatet ,nainatrep

.1 naitregneP asaj

K neruaL nad kcolevoL .H rehpotsirhC malad )5:7002( thgirW .

aynukub nakatpicnem gnay ajrenik uata nakadnit halada asaj naksalejnem

aburep nakdujuwem nagned naggnalep igab taafnam naknigniid gnay nah

aman sata uata irid malad .amirenep

taafnam uata nataigek aumes halada )662:8002 ,reltoK pilihP( asaJ

aynrasad adap gnay ,nial kahip adapek kahip utaus nakrawatid tapad gnay

( dujuwreb kat elbignatni .utauses nakilimepek naklisahgnem kadit nad )

turunem nakrawatid gnay asaJ oK pilihP 002( relt 5 iaynupmem )38:0

:tukireb iagabes irgetak

.1 dujuwreb/atayn gnaraB inrum ,)sdoog elbignat erup(

gnarab irad iridret aynnah narawanep - dujuhreb gnarab

.asaj nagned iatresid apnat

.2 gnaraB dujuwreb asaj iatresid gnay htiw doog elbignat(

,)ecivres gniynapmocca ini gnarab aynnarawanep malad


72

m aynhotnC .asaj nagned iatresid o ,remap gnaur nagned lib

ni nagned retupmok s .ayniagabes nad ,aynisakilpa nad isalat

.3 narupmac gnaraB ,)dirbyh( gnarab irad iridret narawanep

rp nagned asaj nad o gnaro aynhotnoC .amas gnay isrop

ay nad nanakam ilebmem kutnu narotselek igrep gn

.aynnanayalep

.4 nahabmat asaj nad gnarab nagned iatresid gnay amatu asaJ

.)ecivres dna doog rnim gniyapmcca htiw ecivres royam(

asaj ilebmem gnabret tawasep gnapmunep aynhotnoC

aynnalajep malad gnay isatropsnart gnarab iatresid

p ,namunim ,nanakam itrepes dujuhreb o nad ,tekit nagnot

.nagnabrenep halajam

.5 inrum asaJ )evivres erup( agajnem asaj itrepes aynhotnoc

.tajimem asaj nad ipartokisp asaj ,iyab

j kitiretkarak aparebeb tapadret ,sata id isinifed aparebeb iraD asa

utiay amas gnay nad nemusnok kahip aratna iskaretni kepsa aynada :

asaj ,dujuhreb kadit asaj ,gnarab nakapurem nakub asaj ,asaj irebmep

ativitka nakapurem - ke sativitka o kah ikilimem kadit asaj ,imon

imepek il nak sesorp nad , kudorp nagned natiakreb nikgnum asaj iskudorp

.kadit uata kisif


82

.2 asaJ kitsiretkaraK

nakirebid gnay utauses halada asaJ o kahip adapek kahip utaus hel

naktabikagnem kadit nad tujuhreb kadit aynrasad adap gnay ,nial

nakilimepek nahadniprep aynidajret snart( .)pihsrenwo fo ref tafiS - tafis

gnay ,asaj adap ada gnay kitsiretkarak nagned aynnatiak tare tubesret asaj

margorp gnacnarem malad nakgnabmitrepid nad nakitahrepid ulrep

.narasamep

gnarab nagned adebreb gnay kitsiretkarak ikilimem asaj kudorP

rp( o kisif kud raneL turuneM ) )802:8991 ,amlA irahcuB malad( yneB .L d

:utiay asaj kitsiretkarak agit nakakumegnem

.1 kadit tafisreb hibeL dujuwreb adap irad dujuwreb erom(

)elbignat naht elbignatni

.2 utkaw naamasreb ismusnok nad kudorP ruoenatlumis(

dna noitcudorp .)noitpmusnoc

.3 namagares nad radnats ikilimem gnaruK dezidradnats ssel(

.)mrofinu dna

naktubeynem aynaratnaid )6:1002 ,idayipul tabmar malad( niffirG

:irad iridret sitsiretkarak “ elbignatni ,)dujuwreb kadit( ytilibaerortsnu

,)nakgnadug id tapad kadit( ytilibarapesni nad noitazimtsuc hibeL .”

:tukireb iagabes igal aynsalej


92

.1 ytilibignatnI kadit( dujuwreb ,tahilid tapad kadit asaJ .)

asarid ,abarid , di muicid nad ragned .ilebid uti asaj mulebes

gnay dujuhreb kadit ialin halada ini lah irad gnitnep ialiN

nasaupek ,natamkinek kutreb malad nemusnok imalaid

.nama asar uata

.2 ytilibaerortsnu kadit asaJ .)nakgnadug id tapad kadit(

gnay kudorp irad nagnapmiynep uata naaidesrep lanegnem

.naklisahid halet

.3 .ytilibarapesnI tagnignem nakhasipid tapad kadit asaJ

u adap kid nad naklisahid asaj aynmum o araces ismusn

.naamasreb

.4 .noitazimtsuC nahutubek kutnu susuhk niasedid asaJ

naggnalep .

reltoK pilihP turuneM ,)48:0002( limem asaj i ik amatu iric tapme

:utiay ,narasamep margorp nagnacnar ihuragnepmem tagnas gnay

.a kadiT dujuwreb )elbignatni(

rp itrepes dujuhreb halkadit asaJ o kutnU .kisif kud

uata adnat iracnem naka nemusnok ,naitsapkaditek ignarugnem

fni uata adnaT .tubesret asaj utum gnatnet isamofni o isamr

arap ,naahasurep isakol irad tahilid tapad tubesret asaj gnatnet

isakinumok tala nad ,natalarep ,asaj rulaynep nad asaj aideynep

.tubesret kudorp irad agrah atres nakanugid gnay


03

.b nakhasipret kadiT )ytilibarapesni(

utiay ,aynrebmus irad nakhasipid tapad kadit asaJ

asaj itrareb inI .aynnaklisahgnem gnay asaj naahasurep

gnay utkaw adap katneres araces ismusnokid nad iskudorpid

nemusnok akij anerak ,amas naka ai akam asaj utaus ilebmem

.asaj aideynep uata rebmus nagned gnusgnal napadahreb akaM

alaks nagned nalaujnep kutnu nakamatuid hibel asaj nalaujep

.satabret isarepo tapad naahasurep ,ini halasam isatagnem kutnU

igetarts nakanuggnem - kopmolek malad ajrekreb itrepes igetarts

asaj irebmep hitalem atres ,tapec ajrekreb ,raseb hibel gnay

.nemusnok naayacrepek anibmem upmam akerem ayapus

.c isaeravreB )ytilibaerav(

adapek gnutnagret anerak ,magar akenareb tagnas asaJ

.nakaidesid anamid atres apais adapek nad aynnakaideynem gnay

satilauk iapacnem aynilus naktabikagnem inI iauses gnay asaj

nradnats nagned tapad naahasurep ,ini lah isatagnem kutnU .ay

aparebeb nakukalem gnay asaj nakiladnegnem kutnu igetarts

:utiay ,naklisahid

.1 nahitalep nakadagnem nad iskeles nakukaleM - nahitalep

nawayrak tapadnem kutnu - .kiab gnay nawayrak

.2 naklisahgnem malad ajrek sesorp isasiradnats taubmeM

.kiab gnay asaj


13

.3 k nasutupek rotinomem ulaleS o usn k iulalem nem o kat

rasap yevrus nupuam nahulek nad naras )kcab deef(

.d paynel haduM )ytilibahsirep(

aggnihes gnalih hadum uata napmisid tapad kadit asaJ

hadum naadaeK .gnatad naka gnay asam adap laujid tapad kadit

akij halasam utaus halnakub ini gnalih ,libats aynnaatnimrep

akiJ .aynmulebes nanayalep nakukalem kutnu hadum anerak

ipadahgnem naka naahasurep akam ,isautkulfreb naatnimrep

.aynnanayalep napaisrep nakukalem malad tilus gnay halasam

atres agrah napatenep ,kudorp naanacnerep ulrep uti kutnU

rp og naiauseskaditek isatagnem kutnu tapet gnay isomorp mar

.narawanep nad tanimep aratna

.3 asaJ isakifisalK

rebeb adA G( asaj naisakifalkgnep arac apa tabmar malad niffir

L :nial aratna )6:1002 ,idaoyipu

.1 katnok takgnit sata nakrasadid asaj naisakifisalkgneP nemusnok

:irad iridret ,asaj irebmep nagned

.a hgiH - tcatnoc - metys surah nemusnok ,asaj amirenam kutnu ,

itrepeS .naklisahid uti asaj taas metsis irad naigab idajnem

psnart nad tikas hamur ,nakididnep asaj o .isatr


23

.b woL - ,metys tcatnoc dajnem ulrep kadit nemusnok naigab i

m isaraper itrepeS .asaj amirenem kutnu metsis irad o lib

.naknabrep nad

.2 k nakrasadreb asaj naisakifisalkgneP nagned naamase o isarep

:irad iridret ,rutkafunam

.a ,ecivres eruP gnologret gnay asaj nakapurem tcatnoc hgih

nagned ,naaidesrep apnat nagned raneb nial atak - raneb

rukuc gnakut asaj aynlasiM .rutkafunam nagned adebreb

nad )kinu( susuhk naukalrep nakirebmem hadeb ilha uata

.ada nemusnok taas adap asaj irebmem

.b .ecivres gnirutkafunamisauQ pirim lah kaynab malaD

kusamret ini asaj anerak ,rutkafunam tagnas c wol o tcatn

surah kadit nemusnok nad sesorp irad naigab idajnem

rotnak ,isnarusa ,naknabrep asaj aynlasiM .asaj iskudorp

.naratnagnep asaj nad sop

.c ,ecivres dexiM takgnit nagned asaj kopmolek nakapurem

hagnenem katnok )tcatnoc etaredom( gnay

baggnem tafis/rutkif aparebeb nakgnu ecivres erup nad

.ecivres gnirutkafunamisauQ ,nalubma asaj aynlasiM

.okot nad narakabek madamep


33

.3 nemusnok gnadnap tudus nakrasadreb asaj naisakifisalkgneP

)41:4002 ,onotpijT ydnaf( raseb kopmolek aud idajnem igabret

:utiay

.a ,)ecivres gnitatilicaf( remusnoc roF gnay asaj utiay

iapacnem kutnu aidem uata anaras iagabes naktaafnamid

.utnetet naujut

)1 ,tual lapak aynlasim ,isatropsnarT ,sib ,gnabret tawasep

.ipa aterk nad kurt

)2 VT itrepes ,isakinumoK nopelet nad oidar ,

)3 pes ,laislaniF knab nad isnarusa itre

)4 letoh nad narotser itrepes isadnomokA

)5 atasiw namat aynlasim isaerkeR

.b ,)ecivres namuh( remusnoc oT nakujaid gnay asaj utiay

k adapek o .nemusn

)1 ,gnisesorp elpaeP :idajnem nakadebid

)a ,yratnulaV nad naajrek aganetek tasup aynlasaim

X ranis satilisaf )negtnoR(

)b ,yratnulovnI kana nalidagnep nad kinilk itrepes - .kana

)2 gnignahc elpaeP :sata iridret

)a ,yratnulaV )iggnit gnaurugrep( satisrevinu itrepes

hadabi tapmet nad

)b ,yratnulovnI nad tikas hamur itrepes .arajnep


43

.4 macaM - asaJ macam

macam )802:8002 amlA irahcuB( la.te esrevnoC .D kuaP turuneM -

k id tapad asaj macam e :tukireb iagabes nakpmol

.1 ecivres dezilanosreP

nakhasipid tapad kadit gnay ,lanosrep tafisreb tagnas gnay asaJ

asaj naklisahgnem gnay gnaro irad .tubesret

ecivres dezilanosreP nagnolog agit maladek nakgnolgid tapad

:utiay

.a ecivres lanosreP nakamatugnem tagnas gnay asaj(

gnakut itrepes ,aynnapakgnelrep nad gnaro nanayalep

las ,rukuc o ,nakitnacek n yrdnual .)ayniagabes nial nad otof ,

.b lanoiseforP ecivres itrepes( gnep asaj o ,retkod/natab

,nemejanam ,natlusnok ,nagnauek ,kinket ,rutketisa

gnitekram , .)ayniagabes nial nad ,nakididep

.c evivres ssenisuB :itrepes( orib nad isnatnuka - nagnauek orib

.)aynnial

.2 ecivres laiclaniF :irad iridret gnay

.a ecivres gniknaB )naknabrep asaj(

.b ecivres ecnarusnI )isnarusa asaj(

.c seitiruces tnemtsevnI m mananep agabmel( o )lad

.3 dna ytilitnu kilbuP ecivres noitatropsnart


53

ytilitnu kilbuP m iaynupmem gnay naahasurep halada o ilopon

irtsil naahasurep aynlasim ,haimala araces ,munim ria nad k

nakgnades ecivres noitatropsnart a itupilem gn k natuk e ,ipa ater

inisid nanayaleP .ayniagabes nad aradu tawasep ,mumu naadaek

.gnarab nataukgna nad gnapmunep nataukgna kutnu nakujnutid

.4 tnemiatretnE

ahasu halada aynhotnoC - gnadib id ahasu o poksoib ,agar hal

gnudeg - ahasu nad nakujutrep gnudeg - .aynnial narubih ahasu

.5 natukgnA asaJ

rpsnart naitregneP o amlA irahcuB turunem natukgnagnep uata isat

gnarab nahadnimep nataigek nakapurem natukagnep halai )692:4002( -

pmet utas irad aisunam nad gnarab a t .nial tapmet ek

turuneM nataigek halada isatropsnart awhab )6:4002( milaS abbA

)nataum( gnarab nahadnimep tapmet ek tapmet utas irad gnapmunep nad

nial . repid gnay asaj halada natukgnagnep asaJ o nataigek irad hel gnay

imep nahutubek ihunemem kutnu nakujutid aisunam nad gnarab nahadn

.naujut tapmet ek tapmet utas irad

irad natukgna naahasureP iges o amlA irahkuB turunem aynisarep

sata igabid tapad )832:4002( :

.1 reP aynasaj nakraulegnem gnay naahasurep : mumu naahasu

aynlasiM .utnetret firat nagned mumu adapek natukagnep

k ,sub nagned e .ria natukgnagnep nad nagnabrenep ,ipa ater


63

.2 nagned kartnok taubmem gnay naahasurep : kartnok natukagneP

.natukgna asaj nakulremem gnay gnaro

.3 kilim gnarab tukagnem gnay isatropsnart : idabirp natukagneP

.iridnes

apad natukgna isgnuF : utiay ,naigab aud idajnem nakkopmolekid t

.a ukgnA gnapmunep/ gnaro nat

natukgna kutnU naaradek/libom nakanugid gnapmunep

nad tual lapak ,ipa aterek ,sub itrepes aynnial tukgna tala idabirp

.ayniagabes nial

.b kgnA u gnarab nat

nial aratna nakanugid tapad gnay natukgna ini lah malaD

: halada kcurt ,gnednag ,lekgne reliart .samek itep nad

: irad iridret natukgna sineJ

.1 ukgnA tarad nat

.2 tual natukgnA

.3 aradu natukgnA

sineJ - : irad iridret tarad isatropsnart sinej

.1 ukgnA ayar nalaj nat

upadA : halada ayar nalaj natukgna isgnuf n

.a naasedep nad atok ratna ,atok natukgna naaideyneP

.takaraysam nahutubek adap nakrasadreb


73

.b kayal nauhategnep kutnU kadit uata natukgna ,ada gnay

.rotomreb naaradnek iju tala nakanugid

.c uti gnipmasid aguj nakisarepognem ayar nalaj natukgna

nakutnenem kutnu gnabmit natabmej egannot uata

.naaradnek taum satisapak

.d psnart helo naknalajid gnay nial isgnuf o halai tarad isatr

ubmar tukgnaynem - ,satnil ulal upmal ,nalaj id ubmar

naktakgninem atres .natamalesek

.2 A k natukgn e ipa ater

.a k natukgnA atere asaj aideynep halada ipa - asaj

nad gnarab awabmem kutnu ler sata id isatropsnart

.gnapmunep

.b iD k natukgna uti gnipmas e nakirebmem ipa ater

arap igab nama nad ,namayn ,natamalesek nanayalep

.gnapmunep

.3 )PDSA( nagnarbeynep nad uanad ,iagnus natukgnA

.a asaj naideynep halada PDSA amatu isgnuF - asaj

.nagnarbeynep kutnu uanad nad iagnus natukgna

.b malad natukgna natamalesek ,nahadumek nakirebmeM

.nagnarbeynep isarepo

.c nad agamred isgnuf nataafnameP kutnu lanimret

.gnarab nad gnapmunep nagnarbeynep


83

.d rula naanibmeP - ates nakuregnep ,nanayalep rula

.narayalep rulaj namaladnep

.f nemusnoK ispesreP

.a nemusnoK ispesreP naitregneP

.1 aynada tabika nopser irad dujuw halada )nagnadnap( ispesreP

sulumits nagnorod ( evird sulumits hilipid aynasaib nagnadnap utauS .)

ayndutita uata aynnagnukgnil adap ada gnay taraysi nakrasadreb

.)343: 5002 ,idrapuS(

.2 tahilem nemusnok gnaroes anamiagab halada nemusnok ispesreP

uS gnajU( ayngnililekes ainud uata aynirid raul id satilaer ,nawram

.)07:3002

.3 ,naisasinagrognep sesorp halada nemusnok ispesreP

emsinagro helo amiretid gnay sulumits padahret nakisaterpetnignep

nad ,itrareb gnay utauses nakapurem aggnihes udividni uata

iglaW( udividni irid malad detargertni gnay sativitka nakapurem ot

.)45:6002


93

.b : ispesrep adap huragnepreb gnay rotkaF

:)67:3002( nawramuS turuneM

.1 irad lucnum gnay nemusnok kitsiretkarak halada idabirp rotkaF

:utiay nemusnok irid malad

)1 nemusnok nagnubuh malad isavitoM

)2 asam namalagnep helo huragnepreb gnay nemusnok naparaH

.aynulal

.2 sulumits rotkaF

nad rasamep helo isalupinamid nad lortnokid asib ini rotkaF

:irad iridret ,naitahrep kiranem kutnu amatu naujut nagned nalkignep

p ,isisop ,sartnok ,satisnetni ,anraw ,naruku ,nakareg ,kujnute

iranem nasep irebmep ,ajagnesid gnay sulumits ,isalosi ,naruabek ,k

urep nad .tapec gnay rabmag nahab

:halada sutlaB turuneM

)1 tapad aredni tala irad kisif nasatabretek nad naupmameK

nupuata utkaw aratnemes kutnu ispesrep ihuragnepmem

namrep .ne

)2 nagnukgnil isidnoK


04

)3 kutnu udividni arac anamiagaB .ulal asam namalagneP

sulumits utaus padahret iskaereb uata nakisaterpretnignem

.aynulal asam namalagnep irad gnutnagret

)4 udividni gnaroes akiteK .nanigniek nad nahutubeK

s naknignignem uata nakhutubmem suret naka ai akam utause

.tubesret naknigniid nad nakhutubid gnay lah adap sukofreb

)5 naka udividnI .ialin nad akgnasarp ,naayacrepeK hibel

ikilimem gnay nial gnaro amirnenem nad nakitahrepmem

nakgnadeS .aynnagned amas gnay ialin nad naayacrepek

.utauses ispesrepmem malad saib naklubminem tapad akgnasarp

.g isavitoM

.1 isavitoM naitregneP

gnorodnep aganet iagabes nakrabmagid tapad isavitoM irid malad

gnorodnep aganeT .kadnitreb kutnu akerem askamem gnay udividni

tabika iagabes lubmit gnay ,naketret naadaek helo naklisahid tubesret

radas kadit nupuam radas araces udividnI .ihunepret kadit gnay nahutubek

ni nagnagetek ignarugnem kutnu gnaujreb akerem gnay ukalirep iulalem i

naka naikimed nagned nad akerem nahutubek ihunemem naka nakparah

utnetret naujuT .nakasar akerem gnay nanaket irad akerem naksabebmem

kutnu nakukal akerem gnay nakadnit alop nad hilip akerem gnay


14

urem tubesret naujut iapacnem sesorp nad narikimep irad lisah nakap

.udividni rajaleb

:ilha aparebeb irad isavitom isinifed tukireB

halada isavitm )77:0002( okodnaH inaH .T nad ahtsawS usaB

kutnu udividni nanigniek gnorodnem gnay gnaroeses irid malad naadaek

nataigek nakukalem - nataigek .naujut utauses iapacnem anug utnetret

tapad fitom ,okodnaH inaH .T nad ahtsawS usaB turuneM

:utiay kopmolek aud maladek nakkopmolekid

.a :itrepes ,)sigoloib( haimala ftom nakapurem gnay ;sigoloisiF fitoM

.skes nad suah ,rapal

.b kid tapad gnay ;igolokisP fitoM irogetak agit malad nakkopmole

:utiay rasad

)1 ( gnayas hisak fitoM evitom lanoitceffA tnu fitom ;) u k

nad nasinomrahek ,natagnahek arahilemem nad nakatpicnem

gnaro nagned nagnubuhreb malad )lanoisome( hainitab nasaupek

.nial

)2 ( irid naknahatrepmem fitoM ogE - evitom evisnefid kutnu fitom ;)

,sigolokisp uata kisif akul iradnihgnem ,naidabirpek ignudnilem

,akum nagnalihek nad nakawatretid kadit kutnu iradnihgnem

.irid naanaggnabek naktapadnem ,esitserp naknahatrepmem


24

)3 ( irid taukrepmem fitoM ogE - vitom gniretslob e kutnu fitom ;)

,esitserp nakkianem ,isatserpreb ,naidabirpek nakgnabmegnem

nagned irid naksaumem ,nial gnaro naukagnep nad

.nial gnaro padahret aynnaasaugnep

)iweD anirreF anrE ukub malad( 7991 ,yksnerP nad slleW

sorp iagabes nakisinifedid tapad isavitom lanegnem udividni anamid se

nahutubek naksaumem kutnu nakadnit libmagnem nad aynnahutubek

awhab utiay gnitnep tniop aud libmaid tapad ini isinifed iraD .tubesret

naksalejnem tapad ini sesorp nad sesorp utaus nakapurem isavitom

ep satisnetni malad naadebrep irad audek gnay tnioP .nemusnok ukalir

kutnu aisunam igab nagnorod nakapurem isavitom utiay tubesret isinifed

lad utnetret nakadnit libmagnem aynnahutubek naksaumem ayapu ma .

gnitnep gnay lah nakapurem gnorod ayad ,rewoB nad dragliH turuneM

malad :anerak ukalirep nagnabmekrep

)a kutnu ayad aynada naknikgnumid kadit akam nagnorod apnaT

anerak ahutubek aynihunepret muleb tabika nanaket ignarugnem

tnemrecofnier .tubesret gnorod ayad adap gnutnagret tagnas

)b irep nakkareggnem gnay aganet nakapurem nagnoroD apnat ukal

.idajret gnay ukalirep ada naka kadit akam nagnorod ada


34

)c ( kisif nagnoroD evird aisunam nakadnit nakharagnem gnay )ilumits

( nagnorod kutneb adap gnutnagret tagnas evird .)

ayadrebmep nenopmok utiay nenopmok aud iaynupmem isavitoM

ayadrebmep nenopmok ,)4:1891 ,irteP( naharagnep nenopmok nad

gnorodnem gnay nemusnok irid malad latnem nataukek adap ucagnem

.ihunepret aynnahutubek aggnihes utauses nakukalem kutnu akerem

nenopmoK haragnep nenopmoK .haragnep nenopmok utiay ,audek

nagned iauses libmaid kadneh gnay anam nakadnit nakharagnem

.ihunepid kadneh gnay nahutubek

.2 iroeT - isavitoM iroet

iroet raseb sirag araceS - nakisakifisalkid tapad isavitom iroet

iroet utiay kopmolek 2 idajnem noitavitoM evitnecnI nad evitingoC

noitavitoM aynnahutubek rebmus halada aynaudek irad amatu naadebreP .

adap nakgnades udividni lanretske nagnukgnil irad lasareb evitingoC

noitavitoM .udividni lanretni malad irad lasareb aynisavitom rebmus ,

.a itoM evitnecnI noitav

raulid utnetret kejbo utaus helo isavitomret tapad gnaroeseS

narajalebmep nagned tare natiakreb ini isavitom sineJ .aynirid

nopser - nad naagelek ,naparah ,tukat asar itrepes lanoisome nopser

.naawecekek


44

.b noitavitoM evitingoC

nagned adebreB M evitnecnI ,noitavito fitingok fitom

fitingok fitoM .lanoisar hibel gnay fitom nakapurem

malad lautkeletni narabmaggnep sesorp haubes nakrabmaggnem

nataigek iagabes tubesid anahredes araces ilakgnires gnay udividni

.”rikifreb“

ra ’edi‘ halada isavitom amatu takgnareP nanigniek aynit

ukalirep nakatpicnem uata naklubminem upmam gnaroeses

uata gnorodnem gnusgnal araces tapad edi uata narikiP .utnetret

.aisunam ukalirep isavitomem

dnallelcM turunem isavitoM iroeT

fitom igabmem dnallelcM - kopmolek 3 maladek aisunam fitom :utiay

.a tnemeveihca rof deeN

malad nalisahrebek uata isatserpreb kutnu nahutubeK

gnidnabid iggnit hibel gnay lisah nagned utauses nakukalem

asar nagnorod aynada anerak aynmumu ,aynmulebes

gnay satisnetni malad laudividni gnaroes bawaj gnuggnat

urednec raseb .raseb hibel okiser libmagnem inareb kutnu gn


54

.b noitailiffa rof deeN

iagabes nemusnok nahutubek halada isailifareb nahutubeK

nagned iskaretnireb kutnu nagnorod utiay laisos kulham

nial nad nial gnaro amasreb nagnipmadreb ,nial gnaro - .nial

.c rewop ro deeN

ubeK padahret huragnep ikilimem kutnu gnaroeses nahut

nagned naktiakid aynasaiB .iridnes aynirid uata nial gnaro

uata nial gnaro sata gnanewew uata naasaukek halasam

.iridnes aynirid

kutnu nailebmep nakukalem malad aisunam isavitoM

tapad aynnahutubek naksaumem :idajnem nakadebid

.a nailebmep sesorp adap aynhuragnep nakrasadreB

)1 remirp nailebmep isavitoM

padahret nailebmep ukalirep naklubminem gnay isavitoM

.kudorp utaus adap mumu irogetak

)2 fitkeles nailebmep isavitoM

ledom gnatnet nasutupek ihuragnepmem gnay isavitoM nad

hilipid gnay laujnep macam uata kudorp salek irad kerem

.nailebmep utas kutnu

.b rotkaf nakrasadreB - :ilebmem gnaro nakbabeynem gnay rotkaf


64

)1 adap nakrasadid gnay fitom halada lanoisar isavitoM

naataynek - utaus helo nakkujnutid gnay itrepes naataynek

kudorp rotkaF .nemusnok adapek - gnay rotkaf

rotkaf :itrepes imonoke rotkaf apureb tapad nakgnabmitrepid

kaf aguj uti nialeS .agrah nad naatnimrep ,narawanep rot -

,nanayalep ,satilauk rotkaf ,naruku ,gnarab naaidesretek

tapad ,natewaek ,naanuggnep malad isneisife ,nahisrebek

.nemusnok adap ada gnay utkaw nasatabretek nad ayacrepid

)2 natiakreb gnay nailebmep fitom halada lanoisome isavitoM

apakgnugnep itrepes ,udividni isomo uata naasarep nagned n

,nanamaek ,natahesek ,nanamaynek ,naaggnabek ,atnic asar

fitoM .nasitkarpek nad - aggnihes ,fitkejbus tafisreb ini fitom

ilebmep fitom aratna nagnubuh nakutnenem kutnu tilus

.ilebid gnay kudorp nagned

.3 )natabilreteK( tnemevlovnI nad isavitoM

isavitoM naujut ihunemem uata naujut iapacnem kutnu gnaroeses

kutnu aynnauamek helo ihuragnepid tagnas aynnahutubek ihunemem uata

upmam ialinid gnay kudorp naktapadnem ayapu kaynab hibel nakukalem

paggnaid tubesret kudorp akiteK .aynnaujut uata nahutubek ihunemem

m tapad nemusnok akam ,aynnahutubek uata naujut ihunemem upma

.tubesret kudorp nagned takiret tagnas idajnem


74

nakapurem nad isavitom nadujuwrep kutneb halada natabilreteK

reb nemusnok anamid isidnok utauS .isidnok utaus u kutnu ayap

p nagned aynirid naktakednem kutneb utaus malad kerem uata kudor

latnem ayapu apureb tapad ini nemusnok ayapU .utnetret nagnubuh

ismusnokgnem tapad nemusnok raga naknabrokid aler gnay kisif nupuam

:fitka araces nemusnok naklasim ,utnetret kudorp

.1 ni iracnem sativitka iagabreb nakukalem aynatreb nagned isamrof

nagnidnabrep nakukalem uata nial naggnalep ,nesudorp adapek

.nial kerem nagned

.2 ,fitingok araces isamrofni nasesormep sativitka nakukalem

nagned aynulal asam namalagnep ilabmek tagnignem naklasim

.utnetret kerem uata kudorp

.3 mitrepmem aparebeb irad tubirta tikides uata kaynab hibel nakgnab

.nahilip fitenretla idajnem gnay kerem uata kudorp

kutnebreb nanabrognep kaynab hibel nakukalem nemusnok akiteK

sativitka - p ada nemusnok nakatakid akam sataid sativitka isidnok ada

iggnit natabilretek .


84

hadner natabilretek iggnit natabilretek

isamrofni iracnem tikides isamrofni iracnem kaynab

fitingok nagnabmitrep tikides fitingok nagnabmitrep kaynab

ikides isamrofni sesorpmem t isamrofni sesorpmem kaynab

tubirta nagnabmitrep tikides tubirta nagnabmitrep kaynab

nad latnem nanabrognep tajared ikilimem naka nemusnok paiteS

nimrecret naka ini naadebreP .aynnial nagned utas adebreb gnay kisif

:adap

.1 nahilip airetirk epit nad halmuj

.2 helorepid gnay isamrofni ayntipmes saul

.3 aynkednep gnajnap nasutupek nalibmagnep sesorp

.4 kerem nahilagnep

ipat natabilrtek takgnit adap adebreb ajas kadit nemusnok numaN

anrE ukub malad( 6891:rerefpaK & tneruaL .aynepit malad adebreb aguj

ucimep idajnem gnay isidnok aparebeb nakumenem )iweD anirreF

malad naadebrep :utiay natabilretek epit

.1 .kerem uata kudorp ayngnitnep naka nemusnok ispesrep

.2 ialin naka nemusnok ispesrep - tapad gnay aynirid ialin

.kerem uata kudorp helo nakiskelfer

.3 ialin naka nemusnok ispesrep - .nanamaynek ialin


94

.4 ikgnum gnay okiser naka nemusnok ispesrep surah n

gnuggnatid - .kerem uata kudorp ismusnokgnem alib ayn

epit ianegnem ukab gnay isinifed ada muleb ini taas aggniH

epit aynkiabes awhab takapes itilenep aparebeb numan ,natabilretek

gnay pesnok utaus iagnabes gnadnapid natabilretek lanoisnemidinu

:utiay )9991 ,kciredorB(

.a tnemevlovni evitamroN

gnurednec nemusnok akitek idajret ini natabilretek epiT

ialin naktiakgnem - nagned aynoge nad isome ,aynidabirp ialin

.kerem uata kudorp ajrenik

.b tnemevlovni gnirudnE

ek ikilimem nemusnok akitek idajret ini epiT asar nad nagnitnep

utkaw akgnaj malad kerem uata kudorp padahret railimaf

.utnetret

.c tnemevlovni lanoitautiS

nad nagnitnepek ikilimem nemusnok akitek idajret ini epiT

adap utnetret kerem uata kudorp padahret utnetret nemtimok

.utnetret isautis


05

.d cinodeH tnemevlovni

nagnasgnar takgnit uata naupmamek nagned natiakreb ini epiT

.kerem uata kudorp helo nakijasid gnay

.e tnemevlovni ksir evitcejbuS

adap nemusnok isnarelot nagned natiakreb ini natabilretek epiT

halasek tabika okiser gnuggnanem kutnu iridnes aynirid na

.aynnakukalid gnay nailebmep

.h ivE lacisyhP ecad

ecnadivE lacisyhP naahasurep kisif nagnukgnil halada kisif itkub uata

,iskaretnireb nemusnok nad asaj aideynep tapmet nad naktpicid asaj tapmet

nemele helo habmatid elbignat knigniid gnay ajas apa kutnu na

gnukudnem uata nakisakinumokgnem )77:1002,idaryipuL( .uti asaj nasep

ecnadivE lacisyhP adapek awemitsi natapmesek nakirebmem

nasep mirignem malad naahasurep - k nad tauk gnay nasep o nanekreb netsisn

nemges adapek naahasurep nakirebid ,iapacid gnay apa nagned gnay rasap

nasep atres ,ujutid - .ikilimid gnay asaj kitsiretkarak nagned nanekreb nasep

epreb tagnas aguj kisif itkub ,uti nialeS r kutnebmem malad gnitnep na egami

kutnu pais nemusnok ini kisif itkub iulalem anerak ispesrep uata

bmem nad nakisakifitnedignem nakgnidna nagned asaj naahasurep utaus

rep .aynial asaj naahasu


15

ecnadivE lacisyhP tapmet kisif nagnukgnil nakapurem kisif itkub uata

epit aud adA .nemusnok nagned iskaretnireb gnusgnal nad nakatpicid asaj

:)77:1002 ,idaoyipuL( utiay ,kisif itkub

.1 laitnessE ecnadive nasaupek nakapurem , - ubid gnay nasaupek helo ta

ed ianegnem asaj irebmep nial nad gnaur ,gnudeg irad tuoyal nad nias -

.nial

.2 ecnadive larehpireP , iridnes iridreb alib gnay habmat ialin nakapurem

apa itrareb naka kadit - iagabes isgnufreb aynnah idaJ .apa pakgnelep

.ajas

uata isasinagro kisif satilisaf itupilem kisif itkub ,raseb sirag araceS

epacecivres kutneb nad - naahasurep kisif satilisaF .kisif isakinumok kutneb

nakrawatid gnay asaj ”samegnem“ uata ”sukgnubmem “ ayntakekah adap

c nakisakinumokgnem nad natnet lanretske arti aynmaladid gnay apa g

ap adapek isatilisafmem malad narepreb aguj ini kisif itkuB .naggnalep ar

nakaideynem asib aguj uti nialeS .asaj iskudorpmem gnay sativitka narila

rp sesorp ajrek arac ianegnem naggnalep adapek isamrofni o saj iskud halaS .a

narawanep naksalejnem gnay rusorb nad unem ukub halada aynhotnoc utas

naahasurep rp nakhadumem nad o arotsel id naggnalep helo nanasemep ses .n

eD isasilaisos sesorp malad raseb narepreb kisif satilisaf nias iulalem

ialin naisakinumokgnep - amron ,ialin ratna nagnubuh alop nad narep ,ukalirp ,

tapad kisif satilisaF .nawayrak nad naggnalep ratna atres ,nawayrak

arap irad aynnaahasurep nakisaisnerefednem kutnu asaj aideynep nakanugid


25

iasep es epit nakisakinumokgnem nad gn inayalid gnay rasap nemg

02,onotpijT( .)541:60

H turuneM m igabid kisif itkub ,)7991( nsetB nad namffo agit idajne

isaf utiay ,irogatak .kisif isakinumok nad roiretni satilisaf ,roiretske satil

halada aynaratnaiD )341:6002 ,onotpijT(

.1 satilisaf malad roiretke kisif halada ,roiretske satilisaF nanayal

:itupilem gnay

.a eD roiretske nias

.b egangiS

.c rikrap tapmeT

.d .ratikes nagnukgniL

.2 halada roiretni satilisaF satilisaf malad roiretni kisif itkub

:itupilem gnay nanayal

.a roiretni niaseD

.b natalareP

.c tuoyaL

.d aradu satilauK

.3 nial kisif sinej halada ,kisif isakinumoK irad nakapurem gnay

:itupilem gnay ahasu utaus kisif itkub

.a aman utraK

.b nawayrak magareS

.c rusorB


35

.d tenretni sutiS

.e drac rebmeM

.a

.i huragneP ecnadivE lacisyhP isavitoM padahreT nakanuggnem ilabmek

gnutnagret tagnas asaj/kudorp nakrasamem malad naahasurep haubeS

raneb nad - nakirebid naka gnay nanayalep satilauk nakitahrepmem raneb

naggnalep adapek ilabmek kutnu isavitomreb nemusnok aggnihes

naka nad aynnakanuggnem .naggnalep nasaupek naklubminem

gnay nanayalep nad kudorp satilauk nagned naksaupret naggnaleP

itah gnanes nagned nad gnalu nailebmep nakukalem gnanes naka satilaukreb

naklanekrepmem alup ianegnem nial kahip adapek isadnemoker irebmem nad

lah - asaj/kudorp irad kiab gnay lah naahasurep uata naahasurep irad naujuT .

aynhunepes naggnalep nasaupek iapacnem halada aynutas halas latot(

.)noitcafsitas remotsuc

ecnadivE lacisyhP asaj naahasurep utaus malad )kisif itkub(

em aupek padahret huragnep iaynupm ,raseb sirag araceS .naggnalep nas

ivE lacisyhP ecnad uata isasinagro kisif satilisaf itupilem )kisif itkub( ecivres

epacs kutneb nad - adap naahasurep kisif satilisaF .kisif isakinumok kutneb

”samegnem“ uata ”sukgnubmem“ ayntakekah nad nakrawatid gnay asaj

ay apa gnatnet lanretske artic nakisakinumokgnem adapek aynmaladid gn

narila isatilisafmem malad narepreb aguj ini kisif satilisaF .naggnalep

.asaj iskudorepmem gnay sativitka nakaideynem asib aguj uti nialeS


45

niaseD .asaj iskudorp sesorp ajrek arac ianegnem naggnalep adapek isamofni

epreb kisif satilisaf iulalem isasilaisos sesorp malad raseb nar

ialin naisakinumognep - ,nawayrak ratna alop nad narep ,ukalirp ,amron ,ialin

nakanugid tapad kisif satilisaF .nawayrak nad naggnalep aratna atres

gniasep arap irad naahasurep nakisaisnerefidnem kutnu asaj aideynep nad

rasap nemges epit nakisakinumokmem T( inayalid gnay )541:6002,onotpij

igab rasad ladom nakapurem saup asarem gnay naggnalep aneraK

aratna nagnubuh aynaratnaid ,taafnam nakirebmem tapad gnay naahasurep

naggnalep nagned naahasurep gnay rasad nakirebmem ,sinomrah idajnem

aynkutnebret ,gnalu nailebmep igab kiab isavitom naggnalep ilabmek kutnu

nakanuggnem tulum ek tulum irad isadnemoker utaus kutnebmem nad drow(

)htuom fo )42:2002,onotpijT( naahasurep igab nakgnutnugnem gnay

iaru iraD awhab nalupmisek kiratid tapad sataid na ecnadivE lacisyhP

naahasurep utaus asaj narasamep malad huragnepreb tagnas )kisif itkub(

reb gnay nanayalep nakirebmem tapad aggnihes isatropsnart gnadibid kareg

.ayngnapmunep nolac helo nakparahid gnay

divE lacisyhP ecna awemitsi natapmesek nakirebmem )kisif itkub(

nasep nakmirignem malad naahasurep adapek - netsisnok nad tauk gnay nasep

adapek naahasurep nakirebid ,iapacid nigni gnay apa nagned naanekreb

nasep atres ,ujutid gnay rasap nemges - retkarak nagned naanekreb nasep kitsi

ikilimid gnay asaj ,uti nialeS . ecnadivE lacisyhP tagnas aguj )kisif itkub(

kutnebmem malad gnitnep egami ini kisif itkub iulalem anerak ispesrep uata


55

utaus nakgnidnabmem nad nakisakifitnedignem kutnu pais naahasurep

naahasurep nagned asaj naahasurep libmagnem malad aggnihes aynnial asaj

tupek .hilip halas kadit nemusnok nasu

.B S naitileneP aynmulebe

“ ludujreb gnay naitileneP ,AGRAH HURAGNEP SISILANA

PADAHRET NANAYALEP SATILAUK NAD ,ISAKOL ,ISOMORP

NEMUSNOK GNUJNUKREB ISAVITOM ” helo nakukalid hanrep

otnaitserakE uyhaW owoB sunitneruoL s ,0102 nuhat adap idut k adap susa

dnuobtuO ,mekaP ,nugnanibowruP ,naloworS nusuD .RILIMUS UYNAB

atrakaygoY ,namelS

nad ,isakol ,isomorp ,agrah lebairav awhab iuhatekid ini naitilenep adaP

reb aynah nanayalep satilauk isavitom padahret %9,55 rasebes huragnep

akam ,nial lebairav helo ihuragnepid %1,44 nakgnades nemusnok gnujnukreb

,agrah raul id nial lebairav habmanem kutnu naknarasid ayntujnales itilenep

om ihuragnepmem tapad gnay nanayalep satilauk nad ,isakol ,isomorp isavit

:aynnial xiM gnitekraM malad ada gnay lebairav itrepeS .nemusnok gnujnukreb

( gnarO lebairaV elpoeP ( isatneserP ,) noitatneserP ( sesorP ,) ssecorP itkuB nad ,)

( kisiF ecnedivE lacisyhP ).

em sataid naitilenep lisah iraD ,agraH huragneP sisilanA ianegn ,isomorP

akam nemusnoK gnujnukreB isavitoM padahret nanayalep satilauK nad isakoL

utiay nakanugid gnay lebairav licekrepmem nad habmanem nigni itilenep itkuB

( kisiF ecnedivE lacisyhP ).


65

.C lautpesnoK akgnareK

mem malad hadumrepmem kutnu ,sataid nagnaretek iraD pesnok imaha

lebairav ianegnem - akgnarek nakanuggnem silunep akam ,itiletid gnay lebairav

: tukireb iagabes sitiroet

.D naitileneP sisetopiH

naka gnay halasam ianegnem aratnemes nabawaj nakapurem sisetopiH

aguj tapad sisetopiH .aynnaranebek ijuid gnay naaynatrep nakapurem nad itiletid

iulalem nakitkubid iapamas naitilenep irad aratnemes nabawaj iagabes nakitraid

atad gnay pih ,sataid lautpesnok akgnarek nakrasadreB .lupmukret o naitilenep siset

halada ini anamiagab adap ispesrep huragnep ecnedivE lacisyhP isavitom padahret

.ayaj apsup sub nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok

nakanuggnem isavitoMilabmek

ispesreP adap roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP

ispesreP adap roiretni ecnadivE lacisyhP


75

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

naitilenep kusamret ini nakukalid gnay naitileneP xe - ,otcaf tsop utiay

nakitahrepid gnay awitsirep aumes haletes naklupmukid aynatad gnay naitilenep

takgnit nakrasadreB .duskam id gnay atad padahret isalupinam ada apnat ,idajret

fitpirksed naitilenep nakapurem ini naitilenep ,aynsisilana namaladek - fitarolpske

misrahuS( .)susak iduts nagned nakukalid( .)2102,i

nad nakpakgnugnem kutnu naujutreb ini fitpirksid naileneP

lebairav nakispirksedgnem - pakgnuid naka ini naitilenep malaD .naitilenep lebairav

adap ispesrep huragnep iaregnem ecnadivE lacisyhP musnok isavitom padahret ne

nakukalid naka gnay naitilenep lisaH .ayaJ apsuP sub nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu

adap ispesrep huragnep pakgnugnem naka P lacisyh E ecnediv isavitom padahret

.nemusnok

.B naitileneP keybO nad keybuS

da ini naitilenep malad nakanugid naka gnay keybo nad keybuS : hala

.a nad naitilenep malad narasas idajnem gnay gnaro halada naitilenep keybuS

ini naitilenep malad keybuS .silunep adapek isamrofni nakirebmem naka gnay


85

gnaro halada - hanrep gnay nemusnok utiay nednopser nakidajid gnay gnaro

yaj apsup sub asaj nakanuggnem a utas( 1 irad hibel .ilak )

.b halada ini naitilenep keybO adap ispesrep ecnadive lacisyhp isavitom nad

nemusnok kutnu ilabmek nakanuggnem .

.C naitelenep utkaW nad tapmeT

.1 naitileneP tapmeT

nakukalid naitileneP sub luP id P apsu J nalaj id aya Ri gn r dao S 9 on natale

T nanama atrakaygoY .

.2 naitilenep utkaW

adap nakanaskalid ini naitileneP J iapmas ilu A .2102 sutsug

.D naitileneP lebairaV

keybo idajnem naka gnay utauses alages halada naitileneP lebairaV

rotkaf uata naitilenep natamagnep - malad narepreb gnay rotkaf uata awitsirep

.ikidilesid naka gnay alajeg uata utauses alages

)a lebairaV isakifitnedI

)1( ( sabeB lebairaV elbairaV tnednepednI )

uata ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav nakapurem sabeb lebairaV

uata takiret lebairav aynlubmit uata aynhabureb babes idajnem

tnedneped elbairav 991 ,onoyiguS( 9 malad sabeb lebairaV .)33 :


95

halada ini naitilenep adap ispesrep roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP nad

adap ispesrep roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP .

)2( ( takireT lebairaV elbairaV tnednepeD )

gnay uata ihuragnepid gnay lebairav nakapurem takiret lebairaV

991 ,onoyiguS( sabeb lebairav aynada anerak tabika idajnem 9 .)33 :

halada ini naitilenep malad takiret lebairaV M isavito nemusnok

nakanuggnem ilabmek .

)b lebairav isinifeD

sabeB lebairaV)1( )elbairaV tnednepedni(

X( lebairaV 1 :halada ini naitilenep malad )

ispesreP adaP roiretxE lacisyhP E ecnadiv

aparebes halada duskamid gnaY kiab napaggna nemusnok

pakgnanem roiretxE lacisyhP E ecnadiv )kisif itkub( naigab irad

.ayaJ apsuP sub raul

.a rotakidni roiretxE lacisyhp E ecnadiv .

.1 sub niaseD

.2 sub anraW

.3 sub sineJ

.4 sub rekits ogoL

.5 sub acak kutneb nad anraW

.6 sub gnajnap nad iggniT


06

.7 sub ydob rekits rabmaG

.8 isagab saul nad kutneB

X( lebairaV 2 :halada ini naitilenep malad )

adaP ispesreP nI roiret lacisyhP E ecnadiv

aparebes halada duskamid gnaY kiab napaggna nemusnok

pakgnanem roiretnI lacisyhP E ecnadiv )kisif itkub( naigab irad

.ayaJ apsuP sub malad

.2 rotakidnI roiretnI lacisyhp E ecnadiv

.1 niasiD roiretni sub

.2 anraw nad sineJ

.3 tarurad raulek utnip naadarebeK

.4 adarebeK na s nad DCV ,VT narubih anaras p ae .rek

.5 .kudud tapmet aratna karaJ

.6 gnarab tapmet naadarebeK

.7 aradu rutarepmet narutagneP

.8 nakanugid gnay naignaweW

.9 nagnarenep takgniT

.01 teliot naadarebeK

.11 egangiS isamrofni kujnutep/

.21 kudud tapmet romon isamrofni kujnutep naadarebeK

.31 naujut tapmet isamrofni kujutep naadarebeK

.41 tumiles naadarebeK


16

.51 sub nagnaur nahisrebeK

)2( )elbairaV tnednepeD( takiret lebairaV

nemusnoK isavitom halada ini naitilenep malad Y elbairaV

.ilabmeK nakanuggnem anignieK n ilabmek nakanuggnem kutnu

ini lah malad pek halada sub ilabmek nakanuggnem nasutu P apsu J .aya

)c . lebairav narukugneP

alakS halada renoiseuk adap nakanugid gnay narukugnep alakS

.trekiL tagnas utiay nabawaj 5 irad iridret naitilenep malad renoiseuK

agnas nad ,ujutes kadit ,larten ,ujutes ,ujutes alakS .ujutes kadit t

= )N( larten ,4 = )S( ujutes ,5 = )SS( ujutes tagnas : utiay narukugnep

gnay 1 = )STS( ujutes kadit tagnas nad ,2 = )ST( ujutes kadit ,3

gnisam aynhadner iggnit takgnit nakkujnunem - gnay lebairav gnisam

.itiletid naka


26

.E ataD nad S rebmu D ata

.1 nemusnok irad gnusgnal araces helorepid gnay atad utiay ,remirp ataD

renoiseok nakanuggnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD .)34:9991 ,ramU(

.atad nalupmugnep tala iagabes

.2 helo naklupmukid halet gnay atad utiay ,)34:39911 ,ramU( ,rednukes ataD

ek nakisakilbupid gnay atad lupmugnep agabmel anuggnep takaraysam adap

( atad K rebmus nakanuggnem itilenep ini lah malaD .)721 : 3002.orocnu -

ukub ,lanruj iulalem rebmus - atad ,sket ukub - .halajam nad tenretni atad

.F lepmaS nad isalupoP

.1 hayaliw halada isalupoP gnay kejbus uata kejbo sata iridret gnay isasilareneg

itilenep helo nakpatetid gnay utnetret kitsiretkarak nad satilauk iaynupmem

)16:8002 ,onoyiguS( .aynnalupmisek kiratid naidumek irajalepid kutnu

hurules halada ini naitilenep malad isalupoP nemusnok ay gn hanrep

.ayaJ apsuP O.P asaj nakanuggnem

.2 helo ikilimid gnay kitsiretkarak nad halmuj irad naigab halada lepmaS

naigab halada ini naitilenep malad lepmas )26:8002 ,onoyiguS( .isalupop

utiay isalupop irad naigabes nemusnok gnay O.P asaj nakanuggnem hanrep

ayaJ apsuP .gnaro 001 halada ini naitilenep irad lepmaS .


36

.gnutihid tapad kadit aynlepmas halmuj akam aynisalupop irad nakrasadreB

sumur nakanugid lepmas halmuj helorepmem kutnu uti anerak helO ,ramU(

: )051:3002

sumuR :

2

:21

41 EZn

nagnareteK :

n lepmas halmuj =

2/1Z haread raul satab =

ialiN 2/1Z t lebat irad tapadid ini akgna .69,1 rasebes halada tneduts

atar radnats isaived ialin anamid isidnok adap anerak - .iuhatekid kadit atar

halmuj kutnu aggnihes gnusgnal lamron isubirtsidreb kadit lebat akaM

ialin itukignem naka raseb halmujreb gnay uata satabret kat gnay isalupop

.Z lebat

E nay mumiskam nahalasek = .imalaid nikgnum g

mumiskam nahalasek nad %5 rasebes )α( isnakifingis farat nagneD

radnats isaived nakgnades ,%01 rasebes halada )E( imalaid nikgnum gnay

atar - ini naitilnep malad lepmas aynraseb akam ,iuhatekid kadit aynatar

:kaynabes


46

2

:21

41 EZn

21,0:69,1

41n

40,69n

001 idajnem naktalubid tubesret 40,69 nagnutihrep lisaH .

.G ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.1 renoiseuk kinkeT

arac utaus utiay renoiseuk kinkeT arac nagned atad naklupmugnem kutnu

,hilipret gnay nednopser adapek silutid gnay naaynatrep ratfad nakujagnem

nasutupek libmagnep halada nednopser idajnem gnay ini naitilenep malad

uata sub nemusnok O.P ayaJ apsuP .lepmas nakidajid kutnu ,

kinket iraD lebairav gnatnet atad naktapadnem kadneh itilenep ini renoiseuk -

aynaratnaiD .naitilenep malad ada gnay lebairav adap ispesrep roiretxE nad

roiretnI ecnadivE lacisyhP .nemusnok isavitom nad


56

.2 isavresbo kinkeT

nagned atad nalupmugnep kinket halada isavresbO nad gnatad arac

helo nakukalid gnaY .naitilenep isakol ek gnusgnal natamagnep nakukalem

lah iuhategnem kutnu halada ini kinket nagned itilenep - id idajret gnay lah

.naitilenep isakol

.3 aracnawaw kinkeT

surep nipmimep adapek gnusgnal aracnawaw utiay aracnawaW nad naaha

fats tapmet O.P id P apsu J aya nakirebmem tapad helorepid gnay atad iraD .

kaynabes isamrofni - aynkaynab .naahasurep mumu narabmag gnatnet

.H lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT

udividni libmagnem nad hilimem kinkeT - lepmas malad ek kusam udividni

kinket tubesid fitatneserper gnay gnilpmas . naka ,nednopser helorepmem kutnU

kinket nakanugid ,gnilpmas ecneinevnoc evisoprup lepmas nalibmagnep utiay

p nagnabmitrep nakrasadreb nakukalid .itilenep helo uakgnajid hadum atres itilene

kinket ,ini naitilenep malaD ecneinevnoc nednopser naktapadnem hadum itilenep

renoisiuk isignem atnimid kutnu kinket nakgnades , evisoprup apureb

laminim tarays nagned lepmas nalibmagnep malad nagnabmitrep hanrep x2

naanuggnep/nailebmep 21 malad aud( saleb rihkaret nalub ) muminim aisu nagned

.nuhat 71


66

.I nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT

nakadaid uluhad hibelret ulrep silunep sisilana nakukalem mulebeS

tala iagabes renoiseuk irad satilibailer nad satidilav naijugnep kutnu rukugnep

.muleb uata nakanugid tapad hadus helorepid gnay atad hakapa iuhategnem

.1 ataD satidilaV ijU

iapmas naataynrep halada satidilav )301:2002( ramU niesuH turuneM

apa rukugnem tapad renoiseuk utaus adap gnupmatid gnay atad anam huajes

nigni gnay huaj aparebes iuhategnem tapad itilenep aggniheS .rukuid

gnay iauses tubesret naataynrep uata naaynatrep bawajnem nednopser

takgnit rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana talA .itilenep naknigniid

erok neisifeok nagned halada atad satidilav akanuggnem isal SSPS margorp n

13 0. wodniW rof ( noitulavE )nosreV naaynatrep meti paites isaleroK .

nosraeP isaleroK iju nagned nakukalid lebairav paites ialin latot nagned

:sumur nagned

𝑟 =𝑛 ∑ 𝑥. 𝑦 − ∑ 𝑦. ∑ 𝑥

�{𝑛 ∑ 𝑥2 − (∑ 𝑥2)} . {𝑛 ∑ 𝑦2 − (∑ 𝑦2)}

:nagnareteK

satidilav nseisifeok = r iracid gnay meti

meti irad keybus helorepid gnay roks = x

latot roks = y

x isubirtsid malad roks halmuj = x∑


76

y isubirtsid malad roks halmuj = y∑

∑𝑥2 x isubirtsid roks malad tardauk halmuj =

∑𝑦2 y isubirtsid roks malad tardauk halmuj =

aynkaynab = n nednopser

nakanugid dilav kadit uata dilav nemurtsni nakutnenem kutnU

:tukireb iagabes nautnetek

.a gnutih r akiJ ≥ tnemurtsni akam ,%59 nanikayek farat nagned lebat r

.dilav nakatakid tubesret

.b gnutih r akiJ < emurtsni akam ,%59 nanikayek farat nagned lebat r tn

.dilav kadit nakatakid tubesret

.2 ataD satilibaileR ijU

helo iapacid gnay roks isnetsisnok naruku nakapurem satilibaileR

amas gnay gnaro halada aynkokop edi gnay ,adebreb gnay natapmesek adap

,itukgnaR ydderF( ayacrepid tapad narukugnep utaus lisah anam huajes

helo nakutnetid ruku tala utaus satilibailer aynhadner iggniT .)87:2002

satilibailer neisifeok akgna aynraseb ( ) orepid ini akgnA . kinket iulalem hel

( s’hcabnorC ahplA ) nem nagned gnutihid gnay margorp nautnab nakanugg

SSPS 13 0. wodniW rof ( noitulavE )nosreV . naidumek ini neisifeok akgnA

takgnit helorepid aggnihes ,utnetret airetirk nagned nakgnidnabid

.aynsatilibailer

sumuR C ahplA s’hcabnor :


86

𝑟 11 = � 𝐾(𝐾−1)

� �1 − ∑ 𝜎2

𝑏𝜎2

𝑡�

:nagnareteK

𝑟 11 nemusnok satililibailer :

𝑘 ∶ laos uata naaynatrep ritub ayn kaynab

∑ 𝜎2𝑏 ritub nairav halmuj :

𝜎2𝑡 latot nairav :

temurtsni nakutnenem kutnU elbailer kadit uata elbailer nakanugid

kireb igabes nautnetek u :t

.a gnutih r akiJ ≥ tubesret atad akam ,%59 nanikayek farat nagned lebat r

.elbailer nakatakid

.b gnutih r akiJ < tubesret atad akam ,%59 nanikayek farat nagned lebat r

.elbailer kadit nakatakid


96

.J ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 fitpirkseD sisilanA

atad asilanagnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana utiay fitpirksed sisilanA

lupmukret halet gnay atad nakrabmaggnem uata nakispirksednem arac nagned

kutnu ukalreb gnay nalupmisek taubmem duskam apnat aynada anamiagabes

sasilareneg nad mumu gnay ataD .)781 : 8002 ,gnaromutiS nad gnitniG( i

tubesret atad naidumek renoiseuk lisah halada ini naitilenep malad lupmukret

sisilana nakanuggnem haloid SSPS margorp nagned fitpirksed 13 0. wodniW rof

( noitulavE )nosreV .

.2 kisalK ismusA ijU

salk ismusa ijU m ,ki naijugnep itupile nad satilamroN ,satiraenilokitluM

.satisadeksoreteH

.a satireinilokitluM kisalK ismusA ijU

iserger sisilana kutnu nakparetid ini sinej kisalk ismusa ijU

uata sabeb lebairav hibel uata aud sata iridret gnay adnagreb

elbairav tnednepedni ( 1X , 2X , 3X , 4X rukuid naka anamid ,)nX , … ,

lebairav ratna huragnep uata nagnubuh )natareek( isaisosa takgnit

et nakatakiD .)r( isalerok neisifeok naraseb iulalem tubesret sabeb idajr

( sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok neisifeok akij ,satireinilokitlum 1X nad

2X , 2X nad 3X , 3X nad 4X 06,0 irad raseb hibel )aynsuretes nad ,

idajret kadit nakatakiD .)09,0 nad 05,0 : nial tapadnep(


07

licek hibel sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok neisifeok akij satireinilokitlum

r( 06,0 nagned amas uata .)06,0 ≤

tireinilokitlum aynkadit ada nakutnenem malad uatA tapad sa

: nagned utiay nial arac nakanugid

)1 ialiN ecnarelot gnay nahalasek takgnit aynraseb halada

.)α( kitsitsats araces nakranebid

)2 ialiN rotcaf noitalfni ecnairav isalfni rotkaf halada )FIV(

.tardauk ukab nagnapmiynep

ialiN ecnarelot nad rotcaf noitalfni ecnairav iracid tapad )FIV(

: tukireb iagabes tubesret ialin audek nakgnubaggnem nagned

)a ialin raseB ecnarelot : )α(

FIV / 1 = α

)b ialin raseB rotcaf noitalfni ecnairav : )FIV(

α / 1 = FIV

: akij satireinilokitlum imalagnem sabeb lebairaV α < gnutih α

.FIV > gnutih FIV nad

gnutih α : akij satireinilokitlum imalagnem kadit sabeb lebairaV

.FIV < gnutih FIV nad α >


17

.b satisitsadeksoreteH kisalK ismusA ijU

ijuid aguj ulrep adnagreb reinil iserger naamasrep malaD

kadit uata amas ianegnem snairav utas gnay isavresbo laudiser irad

iaynupmem aynlaudiser akiJ .nial gnay isavresbo nagned snairav gnay

akij nad satisitsadekomoh idajret tubesid amas snairav - amas kadit ayn

kiab gnay iserger naamasrep .satisitsadeksoreteh tubesid adebreb uata

ret kadit akij : naklasiM .satisitsadeksoreteh idaj

)1 ,37 ,17 ,96 ,07 utiay A salek awsisaham 5 irad kitsitats ialiN

anerak isairavreb adit uata magares hibel gnurednec 07

.satisitsadekomoh tubesid ini naidajek ,licek aynhisiles

)2 ay B salek awsisaham 5 irad kitsitats ialiN ,08 ,06 ,09 ,03 uti

anerak isairavreb tagnas uata magares kadit gnurednec 04

.satisitsadeksoreteh tubesid ini naidajek ,raseb aynhisiles

iulalem SSPS tuptuo lisah satisitsadeksoreteh ismusa iju sisilanA

kifarg tolprettacs Z aratna noitciderp m gnay )DERPZ( iaynupme

aynlaudiser ialin nad )iskiderp lisah Y = X ubmus( sabeb lebairav

iskiderp Y = Y ubmus( takiret lebairav nakapurem )DISERS( – .)liir Y

adap akij idajret satisitsadekomoH tolprettacs kitit - lisah kitit

abeynem DISERS nad DERPZ aratna atad nahalognep hawab id r

kadit nad Y ubmus adap )0 akgna( nigiro kitit sata id nupuam

adap akij idajret satisitsadeksoreteH .rutaret alop iaynupmem


27

tolprettacs kitit - ,tipmeynem kiab rutaret gnay alop iaynupmem aynkitit

gnabmolegreb nupuam rabelem - .gnabmoleg

.c K ismusA ijU satilamroN kisal

oreteH nad satireinilokitlum kisalk ismusa iju nialeS -

anamid ,satilamron iju halada nial gnay kisalk ismusa iju ,satisitsadeks

)Y( takiret lebairav atad nad )X( sabeb lebairav atad ijugnem naka

idreB .naklisahid gnay iserger naamasrep adap uata lamron isubirts

.lamron kadit isubirtsidreb

lebairav atad iaynupmem akij kiab nakatakid iserger naamasreP

uata lamron itakednem isubirtsidreb takiret lebairav atad nad sabeb

nakukalid tapad satilamron kisalk ismusa ijU .ilakes amas lamron

c aud nagned : utiay ara

)1 kitsitatS araC

takiret lebairav atad nad sabeb lebairav atad ijugnem malaD

ialin iulalem ini kitsitats arac adap kadit uata lamron isubirtsidreb

( avruk nagnirimek ssenweks avruk nagnicnurek ialin uata )3α =

( sisotruk .lebat Z ialin nagned nakgnidnabrepid )4α =

)a ( avruk nagnirimek kutnu Z ialin sumuR ssenweks : )

Z ssenweks = ssenweks / Z uata N / 6√ N / 6√ / 3α = 3α

)b ( avruk nagnicurek kutnu Z ialin sumuR sisotruk : )


37

Z sisotruk = sisotruk / Z uata N / 42√ N / 42√ / 4α = 4α

atad kaynab = N anamiD

: sisilana nautneteK

)a Z akij lamron isubirtsidreb )takiret uata sabeb( lebairaV

= %5 Z iuhatekid lasiM .lebat Z < )4αZ uata 3αZ( gnutih

atak nagned uata gnutih Z irad raseb hibel )lebat Z( 69,1

lebat Z irad licek hibel gnutih Z nial tapad ,)69,1(

.69,1 < gnutih Z naksilutid

)b uata 3αZ( gnutih Z akij lamron kadit isubirtsidreb lebairaV

> gnutih Z silutid tapad ,)a( romon lasiM .lebat Z > )4αZ

.69,1

)2 nad margotsiH kifarG araC stolP ytilaborP lamroN

atad utaus nakutnenem malad margotsih kifarg araC

atad aratna nakgnidnabmem pukuc ,kadit uata lamron isubirtsidreb

itakednem hakapa ,kutnebret gnay avruk sirag nagned atayn uata liir

kutnebmem liir atad akiJ .ilakes amas lamron gnamem uata lamron

ruk sirag tapad akam ,)U( naem padahret irtemis kadit gnurednec av

araC .aynkilabes nad lamron kadit isubirtsidreb atad nakatakid

nad ,kaynab fitaler gnay atad kutnu iauses hibel margotsih kifarg


47

aynisaterpretni anerak ,tikides gnay atad kaynab kutnu kococ kadit

pad .naktaseynem ta

araC stolp ytilaborp lamron kifarg arac adapirad ladnah hibel

atad nagned liir atad nakgnidnabmem ini arac anerak ,margotsih

utauS .fitalumuk araces )retupmok helo sitamoto( lamron isubirtsid

d sirag akij lamron isubirtsidreb nakatakid atad itukignem liir ata

.lanogaid sirag

.3 adnagreb reinil iserger sisilanA

hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugiD adnagreb reinil iserger sisilanA

utiay tnednepedni lebairav huragnep anamiagab nad huragnep ada akam

lebairav ispesrep adap E roiretx ecnadive lacisyhP nad (𝑥1 ,) ispesrep adap

I roiretn ecnadive lacisyhP (𝑥2) isavitom utiay nedneped lebairav padahret

.)Y(

nad tnednepedni lebairav aratna huragnep aynada tahilem kutnU

:tukireb iserger naamasrep malad nakkujnutid nedneped lebairav

2211 XbXbaY

:nagnareteK

isavitom roks : Y ilabmek nakanuggnem atnatsnok : a


57

X1 lebairav roks : E roiretx adap lacisyhP E ecnadiv neisifeok :1b

X iserger 1

X2 lebaiav roks : I roiretn adap lacisyhP E ecnadiv neisifeok :2b

X iserger 2

)1 ( sitirk ialin nakutneneM fo level ecnacifingis ))α(

neisifeok padahret sisetopih naijugnep lah malad sitirk ialiN

nagned lamron isubirtsid lebat nagned nakutnetid tapad iserger

hilipiD .)α( nakifingis takgnit nakitahrepmem ecnacifingis fo level

k farat uata nahalasek farat aynitra %5 = )α( %5 aynah naurileke

.ajas

F iju nagned naijugneP

sakgnir araceS .natlumis sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakanugid F ijU

naksilutid tapad huragnep anamiagab ispesrep adap E roiretx lacisyhP

E ecnadiv nad ispesrep adap I roiretn lacisyhP E ecnadiv natlumis araces

nemusnok isavitom padahret ilabmek nakanuggnem kutnu hakgnaL . - hakgnal

: tukireb iagabes halada F iju malad

)1 sisetopih nasumureP

akam ,0 2b = 1b :oH elbairav ispesrep adap E roiretx lacisyhP

E ecnadiv nad ispesrep adap I roiretn E lacisyhP ecnadiv natlumis araces


67

nemusnok isavitom padahret natlumis araces huragnepreb kadit

amasreb( - )amas isavitom padahret nakanuggnem ilabmek .

Ha 1b : ,0 ≠ 2b ≠ akam elbairav ispesrep adap E roiretx lacisyhP

ecnadive nad adap ispesrep I roiretn ecnadive lacisyhP natlumis araces

nemusnok isavitom padahret natlumis araces huragnepreb amasreb( -

)amas isavitom padahret nakanuggnem ilabmek .

)α( nakifingis takgnit nagned F isubirtsid malad sitirk ialin nakutneneM

taremun( gnalibmep fd nasabebek tajared nagned %5 rasebes )ro

k rasebes - )rotanimoned( tubeynep fd nad 1 n rasebes - .k

)2 : sumur nagned ,gnutih F ialin gnutihgneM

1/1/

2

2

knRkRF

: anamiD

F iracid gnay sirab F agrah =

n lepmas halmuj =

k takiret lebairav nad sabeb lebairav halmuj =

R isalerok neisifeok =


77

)3 nakalonep nad naamirenep airetirK

akiJ gnutihF > lebatF fitanretla sisetopih awhab nakitraid tapad akam ,

nial atak nagned uata amiretid 0H nad kalotid aH ini laH .amiretid

nakitraid tapad ispesrep adap E roiretx E lacisyhP ecnadiv nad ispesrep

adap I roiretn E lacisyhP ecnadiv araces huragnepreb natlumis araces

isavitom padahret nakifingis nakanuggnem ilabmek akiJ . gnutihF ≤

lebatF nial atak nagned uata kalotid fitanretla sisetopih akam , 0H

nad amiretid aH awhab nakitraid tapad ini laH .kalotid ispesrep adap

E roiretx ecnadivE lacisyhP nad ispesrep adap I roiretn lacisyhP

ecnadivE padahret nakifingis araces huragnepreb kadit natlumis araces

isavitom nakanuggnem ilabmek : silutid tapad sakgnir araceS .

alib amiretid lon sisetopiH : gnutihF ≤ lebatF

alib kalotid lon sisetopiH : gnutihF > lebatF


87

VI BAB

MUMU NARABMAG NAITILENEP KEYBUS

.A aynnagnabmekreP nad naahasureP ayniridreB harajeS

O naasureP uP subot nalaj id tamalareb gnay ayaJ aps .oN natales daoR gniR

id ayraN tuteK I kapaB helo 4891 nuhat adap nakiridid ,atrakaygoY nanamaT 9

nagnaroesrep atsaws naahasurep nakapurem ini naahasureP .gnupmaL radnaB

iulalem aynnanayalep gnay ,gnapmunep isatropsnart gnadibid karegreb gnay

d nanalajrep P ini gnarakes ,naahasurep nagnabmekrep nagned gnirieS .tara . O

ipid tasup ayaJ apsuP m utiay iridnes aynkana hisam gnay rutkerid gnaroes helo nip

K I kapaB O.P kutnu nakgnadeS ,kesaP tute atrakaygoY gnabac ayaJ apsuP

ipid m utkerid ukales ehdeG I kapaB helo nip .r

P ayniridreb lawa adaP . sub haub amil nakladomreb aynnah ayaJ apsuP O

nagned ,kudud tapmet 05 satisapak nagned sneB sedecreM keremreb CA non

gnupmaL radnaB keyart – nahutubek ayntakgninem nikames nagneD .atrakaygoY

tukgna aynsusuhk isatropsnart asaj naka tahilem akam ,tarad tawel gnapmunep na

id tubesret lah P nanipip sata O. kutnu nasutupek libmagnem ayaJ apsuP

read saulrepmem anug aynsub halmuj habmanem naahasurep ha nad haread

.narasamep ayniridreb lawa kajeS , natukgna asaj inayalem ini naahasurep

nsusuhk gnupmaL radnaB irad ay – nasaulrep nakukalem naidumek ,atrakaygoY

urab keyart habmanem nagned rasap atrakaygoY :utiay – rasapneD – .marataM


97

O.P gnapmunep ananalajrep asaJ utkaw ek utkaw irad gnay ayaJ apsuP

gnadib malad ,ahasu utaus aynurut kian imalagnem P isatropsnart asaj O. apsuP

irad namalagnep nakrasadreb ,tasep pukuc gnay nagnabmekrep ikilimem ayaJ

utkaw O.P isatropsnart asaj utkaw ek satiunitnok agajnem lisahreb ayaJ apsuP

ggnihes ,aynahasu O.P isatropsnart asaj ini taas a nad hubmut halet ayaJ apsuP

nad nalikawrep rotnak halmuj irad tahilid tapad ini lah tasep nagned gnabmekreb

nuhat ek nuhat irad gnay libom halmuj nahabmatrep atres ,keyart halmuj

.nahaburep imalagnem

.B ayaJ apsuP O.P isatropsnarT asaJ atreS nareP nad naujuT

.1 isatropsnarT asaJ naujuT O.P ayaJ apsuP

.iapacid naka gnay naujut iaynupmem itsap iridreb gnay naahasurep utauS

P aynlawa adaP O. ihunemem kutnu naujut iaynupmem nakiridid ayaJ apsuP

igab naajrekrep nagnapal nakatpicnem kutnu ,isatropsnart anaras nahutubek

jut nakgnadeS .takaraysam P irad amatu nau O. kutnu halada ayaJ apsuP

.nagnutnuek uata abal iracnem

.2 saJ atreS nareP O.P isatropsnarT a ayaJ apsuP

malad atres narepreb tapad nakparahid nakiridid gnay naahasurep utauS

usuhk takaraysam naarthajesek naktakgninem takaraysam ayns .aynratikes

O.P naktakgninem akgnar malad atres narep iaynupmem ayaJ apsuP

:nial aratna tubesret atres nareP .aynratikes takaraysam naarthajesek

.a asaj nanayalep nagned tarad nalaj iulalem isatropsnart anaras iagabeS

.sub nataukgna aynsusuhk natukgna


08

.b .aynratikes takaraysam igab ajrek nagnapmal saulrepmeM

.c .isubirtser nad kajap apureb hareaD hatniremeP ugab nakusamirebmeM

.C iskudorP

P isatropsnart asaJ O. karegreb gnay naahasurep haubes halada ayaJ apsuP

dorp aggnihes ,tarad isatropsnart asaj gnadib malad haubes irad naklishid gnay ku

apureb halada inis id tuskamid gnay asaJ .alup asaj apureb halada asaj naahasurep

P kutnu anamaid nanayalep O. P nakiabrep nakukalem ulales ayaJ apsu - nakiabrep

tagnas ini lah anerak ,nemusnok nasaupek naktakgninem anug nanayalep

P asaj irad nagnabmekrep igab nakutnenem O. .iridnes uti ayaJ apsuP

ikiabrepmem nagned utiay arac utas halas nakapurem nanayalep nakiabreP

anaras - nad nakiabrep nagned libom naajamerep hotnoc iagabes ada gnay anaras

nakutnenem atres ,urab libom nahabmanep hadus gnay libom irad simonoke rumu

nad kiab naadaek malad ulales iakapid gnay libom raga nakukalid ini aumeS .ada

P nanayalep ajrenik naktakgninem malaD .nalaj kayal O. habmanem ayaJ apsuP

nega - welid gnay rulaj gnajnapes id atok aparebeb id narasamep nega ini laH .ita

utiay nanayalep helorepmem malad nemusnok nakhadumem kutnu nakduskamid

P isatropsnart asaj naknuggnem malad O. .ayaJ apsuP


18

.D narasameP

p igetartS e naahasurep helo nakanugid gnay araca utaus nakapurem narasam

m asib tubesret naahasurep ayapus nailebmep makukalem kutnu nemusnok kirane

kaynabes gnay kudorp utaus - narep gnagemem narasamep igetartS .aynkaynab

malad natecamek imalagnem naahasurep alibapa anerak ,naahasurep igab gnitnep

ra t imalagnem naka naahasurep akam ,laujid ukal kadit sub tekit i tabika naigurek

tekit nalaujnep helo pututid tapad kadit iggnit gnay naahasurep isarepo ayaib

padahret akep nad gnabmekreb halsurah naahasurep nataigek ,idaJ .tubesret

alup naikimeD .naahasurep igab gnitnep tagnas aynisgnuf anerak rasap nagnukgnil

nagned P. nakiridnem nagned narasamep igetarts ikilimem gnay ayaJ apsuP O

nega - ned iauses atok iagabrebid nega O.P helo ikilimid gnay rulaj nag apsuP ayaJ

O.P uti gnipmasiD .tubesret isomorp nakukalem aguj ayaJ apsuP - aidem id isomorp

.kinortkele nupuam katec P irad narasamep hareaD O. haread halada ayaJ apsuP -

jnapes haread O.P helo ikilimid gnay rulaj gna haread nad ayaJ apsuP - haread

atok ratikesid - .nega uata nalikawrep rotnak ada halet gnay atok

.E nagniasreP takgniT nad nalaujneP emuloV

P O. karegret ayaJ apsuP asaj nalaujnep anam id ,isatropsnart gnadib malad

tubesret gnapmunep nolac awhab adnat iagabes tekit laujnem arac nagned tubesret

nolac helo hupmetid naka gnay karaj nagned iauses gnau rayabmem halet

tapad aynirah paites tekit nalaujneP .tubesret gnapmunep amaturet iggnit nakatakid


28

nalub adap - naluB .utnetret nalub - narubil nalub adap utiay inis id utnetret nalub

.ayar irah narubil nad satisrevinu narubil ,halokes akana

p takgniT keyart adap nagniasre radnaB ,gnupmaL Y ,atrakaygo B nad ila

M tatek tagnas marata sub aynkaynab anerak - P irad sub O. Y nial a aynkeyart gn

akapurem uti rulaj awhab nakatakid asib ,amas aratna gnapmunep tadap rulaj n

S artamu , J nad awa B .ila

.F isasinagrO rutkurtS

naajrekrep naigabmep nad napatenep sesorp utaus nakapurem isasinagrO

id naka gnay nad gnanewew atres bawaj gnuggnat ,sagut naigabmep nakukal

nagnubuh napatenep - na nagnubuh rusnu rat - aggnihes ,isasinagro rusnu

gnaro naknikgnumem - kutnu nikgnum fitkefees amasajrekreb tapad gnaro

macam akam neisefe nad fitkefe araces naujut niapacnem kutnu ,naujut iapacnem -

igabid surah isasinagro malad ada gnay sagut macam - d apur naikimedes igab na

gnaro adap naisagelednep - naitregnep halas irad radnihret raga utnetret gnaro

gnisam aratna - .tubesret isasinagro malad adareb gnay gnaro gnisam

atres isasinagro aynnaklicek raseb nakrabmagggnem isasinagro rutkurtS

bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew anam huajes gnisam gnay , - iayupmmem gnisam

naka isasinagro rutkurts malaD .hutu gnay nautasek malad utnetret nanarep

:tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid

.1 isasinagro naujut iapacnem kutnu nakukalid gnay nataigeK

.2 naigab malad tubesret nataigek igabmeM - .aynnaigab


38

.3 nautneneP iauses rejanam helo iasaukid tapad gnay nataigek ianegnem

.aynnaupmamek nagned

nautas nagnubuh aratna akgnarek utaus halada isasinagro rutkurtS - nautas

gnay ,gnanewew atres sagut ,tabajep tapadret aynmalad id ada gnay isasinagro

gnisam - rep iaynupmem gnisam rutkurtS .hutu gnay nautasek malad utnetret nana

tubesret isasinagro malad ,sirag isasinagro kutnebeb ayaJ apsuP .OP isasinagro

gnisam gnay nahawab halmujes iaynupmem nasata paites - gnuggnatreb gnisam

.nasata adapek aynsagut naanaskalep sata bawaj

t nupadA ayaJ apsuP .OP id ada gnay isgnuf irad bawaj gnuggnat nad sagu

:tukireb iagabes halada

.1 iskeriD/nipmimeP

.a padahret hunep araces bawaj gnuggnatreb atres ,isawagnem ,inagnaneM

.naahasurep naalolegnep

.b nasutupek libagneM - aahasurep nagned natiakreb gnay nasutupek .n

.c .naahasurep nataigek padahret nasawagnep nakukaleM

.3 nagnaueK rutkeriD

.a .naahasurep nagnauek adap hunep bawaj gnuggnatreB

.b gnau aynraulek nad narotes narayabmep isawagnem nad rutagneM

.naahasurep

.c noisarepo non nupuam lanoisarepo kiab ayaib naigabes rutagneM .la


48

.d nakajibek taubmeM - nagnauek nagned natiakreb gnay nakajibek

.naahasurep

.4 narasameP naigaB

.a .naahasurep narasamep adap bawaj gnuggnatreB

.b gnisam narasamep isawagnem nad isanidrookgneM - nega gnisam

.naahasurep

.c igetarts taubmeM - .naahasurep narasamep igetarts

.5 lanoisarepO naigaB

.a narutnebeb kadit aggnihes takgnareb naka gnay sub aynnalaj rutagneM

) sub salek malad id ( aynutkaw

.b nolac adapek sub gnatnet isamofni nakirebmem nad gnapmunep inayaleM

.gnapmunep

.c tnogneM helorepmem kutnu rulaj paites adap nanalajrep lor atad

gnusam irad uakgnajid gnay utkaw ianegnam atad ianegnem - gnisam

.libom

.6 lekgneB naigaB

.a .sub naarahilemep sata bawaj gnugggnatreB

.b .sub namaynek nad nahisrebek sata bawaj gnuggnatreB

.c .nakasurek idajret alib sub ikiabrepmem kutnu pais ulaleS

.7 awagneP naigaB nas


58

nad sub isidnok isawagnem bawaj gnuggnatreb nasawagnep naigaB

padahret aynhunepes bawaj gnuggnatreb atres ,lekgneb naigab naajrekrep

.sub isidnok

.8 gnaduG naigaB

aynaidesret sata bawaj gnuggnat nad sagut iaynupmem gnadug naigaB

ukus napakgnelrep hurules .nakhutubid gnay natalarep nad gnadac

.ayaJ apsuP O.P isasinagro rutkurts nagab kutneb ini tukireB

naigaBnarasameP

nawayraK

naahasurep nipmimeP

naigaBuek / mda

naigaBlekgneB

naigaBanoisarepO

naigaBgnaduG

naigaBnasawagneP

nawayraK nawayraK

nawayraK

nawayraK

nawayraK


68

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD ISILANA

sinej itupilem nednopser satitnedi gnatnet ispirksid nakijasid naka ini bab adaP

isamrofni atres nalubrep natapadnep nad ukas gnau ,naajrekrep ,aisu ,nimalek

nalub 21 malad ayaJ apsuP O.P asaj naknuggnem gnires aparebes gnatnet nednopser

ibmagneP .rihkaret kinket nakanuggnem lepmas nal ,gnilpmas ecneinevnoc evisoprup

hadum atres itilenep nagnabmitrep nakrasadreb nakukalid lepmas nalibmagnep utiay

kinket ,ini naitilenep malaD .itilenep helo uakgnajid ecneinevnoc hadum itilenep

imid kutnu nednopser naktapadnem uk isignem atn e kinket nakgnades ,renois

evisoprup utnetret tarays nagned lepmas nalibmagnep malad nagnabmitrep apureb

iju ( nemurtnsni iju sata iridret sitatilauk sisilanA .itilenep nanigniek nagned iauses

iserger sisilana ,) nemurtsni satilebailer iju nad satidelav .F iju nad adnagreb

adap huragnep“ anamiagab iuhategnem nigni ini naitileneP ecnedivE lacisyhP

.”ayaj apsup sub nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom padahret

ned nakukalid atad nahalogneP ( kanul takgnarep nakanuggnem nag erawtfos SSPS )

( )noisuloS ecivreS dna tcudorP lacitsitatS 13 0. wodniW rof ( noitulavE )nosreV nad

lexE eciffO tfosorciM .7002

neisefeok ialin nakgnidnabmem nagned nakukalid nemurtsni satidilav ijU

isalerok nemom tcudorp ( nosraep meti rokes aratna ) - r padahret latotlebat . aratnemeS


78

kinket nakanuggnem nemurtsni satilebailer iju ahpla s’hcabnorC ijugnem gnay

.lebairav nemurtsni lanretni isnetsisnok

.A nednopseR satitnedI

s nagnutihrep iulalem helorepid nednopser satitnedi ataD ,fitfirksed kitsitat

:tukireb iagabes utiay

.1 nimaleK sineJ

adap nakujnutid tapad nimalek sinej nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI

: tukireb lebat

1.V lebaT

nimalek sinej nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI

nimalek sineJ halmuJ esatnesreP

airP 15 15

atinaW 94 94

latoT 001 001

nuhaT haloiD ,remirP ataD : rebmuS swodniW rof 0.31 SSPS nagned 2102

sinejreb nednopser awhab tahilid tapad sata id 1.V lebat nakrasadreB

o 15 kaynabes utiay airp nimalek opser nad %15 rasebes uata gnar nedn

atinaw nimalek sinejreb .%94 uata gnaro 94 kaynabes


88

.2 nednopseR aisU

opmolekid nednopser aisu ini naitilenep malaD k amil idajnem nak

: tukiireb 2.V lebat adap mutnacret itrepes ,aisu kopmolek

2.V lebaT

aisU nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI

rumU halmuJ isatnesreP

71 - 12 34 34

22 - 62 03 03

72 - 13 61 61

23 - 63 2 2

63> 9 9

latoT 001 001


nednopser awhab tahilid tapad sata id 2.V lebat nakrasadreB

nuhat 71 rumu kopmolek helo isanimodid - ,nednopser 34 utiay ,nuhat 12

nuhat 22 rumu kopmolek helo lususid gnay - ,nednopser 03 utiay ,nuhat 62

nuhat 72 rumu kopmolek helo lususid naidumek - at 13 61 utiay nuh

9 utiay ,nuhat 63 irad hibel kopmolek helo lususid ulal ,nednopser

nuhat 23 rumu kopmolek nad nednopser – 2 rasebes ,utiay nuhat 63

.nednopser


98

.3 naajrekreP

kopmolekid nednopser naajrekrep ini naitilenep malaD k idajnem na

: tukiireb 3.V lebat adap mutnacret itrepes ,kopmolek amil

3.V lebaT

naajrekreP nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI

naajrekreP halmuJ esatnesreP

awsisahaM / rajaleP 62 62

atawsariW 17 17

irgeN iawageP 5 5

atsawS nawayraK 9 9

niaL - nial 7 7

latoT 001 001



6 utiay ,awsisaham/rajalep kopmolek helo isanimodid 2 gnay ,nednopser

kopmolek helo lususid atsawsariw naajrekrep 1 utiay , 7 ,nednopser

7 utiay ,atsaws nawayrak naajrekrep kopmolek helo lususid naidumek

nial naajrekrep kopmolek helo lususid ulal ,nednopser - 9 utiay ,nial

5 rasebes utiay ,irgen iawagep naajrekrep kopmolek nad nednopser

.nednopser


09

.4 naanuggneP halmuJ

opmolekid naanuggnep halmuj ini naitilenep malaD k idajnem nak

: tukiireb 4.V lebat adap mutnacret itrepes ,kopmolek tapme

4.V lebaT

21 malad naanuggnep halmuj nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI

.rihkaret nalub

naanuggneP halmuJ estnesreP

ilak 2 24 24

3 ilak 82 82

ilak 4 71 71

ilak 4> 31 31

latoT 001 001



gnay ,nednopser 24 utiay ,naanuggnep ilak 2 kopmolek helo isanimodid

naidumek ,nednopser 82 utiay ,naanuggnep ilak 3 kopmolek helo lususid

utiay ,naanuggnep ilak 4 kopmolek helo lususid 1 7 nad ,nednopser

.nednopser 31 rasebes utiay ,naanuggnep ilak 4 irad hibel kopmolek


19

.5 nakanuggneM taaS nameT asaJ suB O.P ayaJ apsuP

B suB nakanuggnem malad kajaid gnay namet halmuj nakrasadre

opmolekid tapad nednopser ,ayaJ apsuP k tapme idajnem nak ,kopmolek

.ini tukireb 5.V lebat adap mutnacret gnay itrepes

5.V lebaT

suB nakanuggneM taaS nameT nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnednI

ayaJ apsuP

akanuggneM taaS nameT halmuJ esatnesreP

iridneS 15 15

nameT amasreB 23 23

agraulek amasreB 11 11

amasreB nagnobmor 6 6

latoT 001 001



,ayaJ apsuP suB nakanuggnem malad ajas iridnes kopmolek helo isanimodid

gnay ,nednopser 15 utiay 23 utiay ,namet amasreb kopmolek helo lususid

11 utiay ,agraulek amasreb kopmolek helo lususid naidumek ,nednopser

utiay ,nagnobmor amasrebggnep ilak 4 irad hibel kopmolek nad ,nednopser

.nednopser 6 rasebes


29

.6 ukaS gnaU awsisaham/rajaleP naluB paiteS

sadreB nakkopmolekid tapad nednopser nalub paites ukas gnau nakra

: ini tukireb 6.V lebat adap mutnacret gnay itrepes ,kopmolek amil idajnem

6.V lebaT

ukaS gnaU nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI awsisaham/rajaleP

naluB paiteS

naluB paiteS ukaS gnaU halamuJ esatnesreP

000.005 .pR irad gnaruK 6 7.9

000.005 .pR – 000.000.1 .pR 73 95 7.

100.000.1 .pR – 000.005.1 .pR 71 72 4.

100.005.1 .pR – 000.000.2 .pR 2 2.3

000.000.2 .pR irad hibeL 0 0

latoT 26 001

nuhaT haloiD ,remirP ataD : rebmuS SSPS nagned 2102 swodniW rof 0.31 nednopser awhab tahilid tapad sata id 6.V lebat nakrasadreB

000.005 pR ukas gnau nagned kopmolek helo isanimodid – ,000.000.1 pR

95 uata nednopser 73 utiay 7. gnau nagned kopmolek helo lususid gnay ,%

100.000.1 pR ukas – 72 uata nednopser 71 utiay ,000.005.1 pR 4. ,%

,000.005 pR irad gnaruk ukas gnau nagned kopmolek helo lususid naidumek

100.005.1 pR ukas gnau nagned kopmolek nad ,%7.9 uata nednopser 6 utiay


39

– pR kopmolek nakgnades ,%2.3 uata nednopser 2 rasebes utiay ,000.000.2

.nednopser tapadnem kadit 000.000.2 pR irad hibel ukas gnau nagned

.7 ataR natapadneP - nednopseR nalubreP atar

atar natapadnep aynraseb nakrasadreB - tapad nednopser nalubrep atar

nakkopmolekid lebat malad mutnacret gnay itrepes ,kopmolek amil idajnem

: ini tukireb 7.V

7.V lebaT

ataR natapadneP nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI - nalubreP atar

nednopseR

ataR natapadneP - nalubreP atar halmuJ esatnesreP

000.000.2 .pR irad gnaruK 25 65.8

.pR 000.000.2 – 000.000.3 .pR 9 7.32

100.000.3 .pR – 000.000.4 .pR 4 5.01

000.000.4 .pR – 000.000.5 .pR 0 0

000.000.5 .pR irad hibeL 0 0

latoT 83 001


tapad sata id 7.V lebat nakrasadreB nednopser awhab tahilid

atar natapadnep nagned kopmolek helo isanimodid - irad gnaruk nalubrep atar

2 utiay ,000.000.2 pR 5 6 uata nednopser 5.8 kopmolek helo lususid gnay ,%

atar natapadnep nagned - 000.000.2 pR nalubrep atar – utiay ,000.000.3 pR 9

2 uata nednopser 7.3 nagned kopmolek helo lususid naidumek ,%


49

atar nataapadnep - 100.000.3 .pR nalubrep atar – 4 utiay ,000.000.4 .pR

atar natapadnep nagned kopmolek nakgnades ,%5.01 uata nednopser - atar

000.000.4 .pR nalubrep – pR irad hibel nad 000.000.5 .pR kadit 000.000.5 .

ada .nednopser

.B nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT

.1 lisaH satidilaV ijU

sumur nagned nakukalid naitilenep nemurtsni satidilav naijugneP

nemoM tcudorP ( nosraeP gnisam aratna ) - alaks rukugnem gnay meti gnisam

reterK .tubesret alaks latot roks nagned ialin alib halada nakanugid gnay ai

r irad raseb hibel latot meti isalerok neisefeoklebat , gnay meti akam

isalerok satilibaborp ialin alibapa uata dilav nakataynid tapad natukgnasreb

afiT malad( narakeS turunem 50.0 rasebes )α( nakifingis firat irad hibel ,en

.)03 : 1102

sabeb tajared helorepid tapad ,001 halmujreb gnay nednopser kutnU

N rasebes )fd( - 001( 2 – = 2 ,)isis utas( %5 ahpla ialin nad 89=fd kutnU .)89

r helorepidlebat r ialiN .691,0 rasebeS

lebat kutnu nakanugid ayntujnales ini

meti satidilav aireterk - ,dilav nakataynid tapad kutnU .renoiseuk meti

.691,0 irad raseb hibel surah latot meti isalerok neisefeok


59

8.V lebaT

laV ijU lisaH i naitileneP nemurtsnI satid

lebairaV rituB

naaynatrep

r r .lebat S sutat

ispesreP adap

lacisyhP roiretxE ecnadivE

1

.0 626

691,0

dilaV

2 .0 827 691,0 dilaV

3 .0 016 691,0 dilaV

4 .0 666 691,0 dilaV

5 .0 207 691,0 dilaV

6 .0 786 691,0 dilaV

7 .0 256 691,0 dilaV

8 .0 926 691,0 dilaV

ispesreP adap roiretni

ecnadivE lacisyhP

1

.0 4 59

691,0

dilaV

2 4.0 07 691,0 dilaV

3 .0 237 691,0 dilaV

4 .0 6 59 691,0 dilaV

5 6.0 81 691,0 dilaV

6 5.0 55 691,0 dilaV


69

7 5.0 83 691,0 dilaV

8 7.0 53 691,0 dilaV

9 6.0 15 691,0 dilaV

01 .0 674 691,0 dilaV

11 5.0 05 691,0 dilaV

21 5.0 70 691,0 dilaV

31 5.0 16 691,0 dilaV

41 4.0 25 691,0 dilaV

51 3.0 38 691,0 dilaV

isavitoM nakanuggnem ilabmek

1

277.0

691,0

dilaV

2 118.0 691,0 dilaV

3 648.0 691,0 dilaV

4 648.0 691,0 dilaV

: rebmuS nuhaT haloiD ,remirP ataD swodniW rof 0.31 SSPS nagned 2102

meti aumes awhab naklupmisid tapad 8.V lebat iraD - nemurtsni meti

ialin ikilimem gnay meti ada kadit anerak dilav nakataynid naitilenep r meti - latot

r irad irad licek hibel gnay lebat . nagneD nemurtsni meti aumes naikimed

hibel sisilanaid tapad helorepid gnay atad nad dilav nakataynid renoiseuk

al .sisetopih naijugnep kutnu tujn


79

.2 atilibaileR ijU lisaH s

.ayacrepid tapad narukugnep utaus lisah anam huajes utiay satilibaileR

akgna aynraseb helo nakutnetid ruku tala utaus satilibailer aynhadner iggniT

satilibailer neisifeok ( ) kinket iulalem helorepid ini akgnA . ahplA

( s’hcabnorC ) margorp nautnab nakanuggnem nagned gnutihid gnay SSPS

0.31 swodniW roF ugnep lisah ini tukireB . aumes kutnu satilibailer naij

kaynabes lepmas nakanuggnem nagned renoiseuk adap naitilenep lebairav

.nednopser 001

9.V lebaT

itileneP nemurtsnI satilibaileR ijU lisaH

lebairaV hcabnorC

ahplA

ialiN hcabnorC

laminiM nalupmiseK

ispesreP adap roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP

938,0 06,0 lebaileR

ispesreP adap roiretnIecnadivE lacisyhP

368,0 06,0 lebaileR

isavitoM nakanuggnemilabmek

528.0 06,0 lebaileR


awhab iuhatekid tapad ,sata id satilibaer iju lisah nakrasadreB

nakataynid nakanugid gnay lebairav hurules elbailer ialin ikilimem anerak ,

ahplA hcabnorC .006,0 irad raseb hibel


89

.C ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 K ismusA ijU kisal

)a kisalK ismusA ijU lisaH satirreinilokitluM

.V lebaT 01

ijU lisaH satireinilokitluM

lebairaV scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

ecnareloT FIV

ispesreP adap roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP )1X(

,0 028 ,1 2 02

ispesreP adap roiretnIecnadivE lacisyhP )2X(

,0 028 ,1 2 02

: rebmuS nuhaT haloiD ,remirP ataD swodniW rof 0.31 SSPS nagned 2102

utiay satireeinilokitlum idajret kadit akij ihunepid surah gnay tarayS

FIV ialin )rotcaf noitnalfni ecnairav( > ecnarelot ialin nad 01 irad gnaruk

ialin nad 01 irad hibel FIV ialin akij ,1.0 akam 1.0 irad gnaruk ecnarelot

satireinilokitlum iju lisah lebat tahilem nagneD .satireinilokitlum idajret

X lebairav akam sataid 1 ( ispesreP adap ecnadivE lacisyhP roiretxE nad )

X 2 ( ispesreP adap ecnadivE lacisyhP roiretnI iaynupmem gnay ) tuptuo

gnutih FIV ,1 rasebes 022 1 irad licek hibel rasebes ecnarelot ialin nad 0

0. 028 ratna awhab naklupmisid tapad aggnihes ,1.0 irad raseb hibel

sabeb lebairav )tnednepedni( X utiay 1 ( ispesreP adap lacisyhP roiretxE

ecnadivE X nad ) 2 ( ispesreP adap lacisyhP roiretnI ecnadivE idajret kadit )

nalaosrep satireinilokitlum


99

)b kisalK ismusA ijU lisaH satisitsadeksoreteH

nagned nakukalid satisitsadeksoreteh ijU aratna tolP kifarG tahileM

aynlaudiser nagned DERPZ utiay nedneped lebairav iskiderp ialin

DERPS ( tolprettacs ) . kraP ijU nakukalem uti haleteS nagned utiay ,

lisah kutnU .nednepedni lebairav nagned laudiser ialin nakisergerem

naijugnep tuptuo satisitsadeksoreteh : tukireb iagabes halada

1.V rabmaG

ijU lisaH satisitsadeksoreteH

32101-2-3-4-

laudiseR dezitnedutS noissergeR

3

2

1

0

1-

2-

3-

detciderP dezidradnatS noissergeR

eulaV

ilabmek_isavitom :elbairaV tnednepeD

tolprettacS


001

tahilret tolprettacs kifarg iraD kitit awhab - araces rabeynem kitit

.Y ubmus adap 0 akgna hawabid nupuam sataid kiab rabesret atres kaca

adap satisitsadseksoreteh idajret kadit awhab naklupmisid tapad ini laH

aggnihes ,iserger ledom nu iakapid kayal iserger ledom t iskiderpmem ku

em isavitom ilabmek nakanuggn lebairav nakusam nakrasadreb

nednepedni ispesreP adap ecnadivE lacisyhP roiretxE nad ispesreP adap

nI ecnadivE lacisyhP roiret .

)c kisalK ismusA ijU lisaH satilamroN

rabmaG V.2

margotsiH kifarG

32101-2-3-4-

laudiseR dezidradnatS noissergeR

52

02

51

01

5

0

ycneuqerF

51-E48.2 = naeM99.0 = .veD .dtS

001 = N


margotsiH


101

rabmaG .V 3

tolP lamroN kifarG

nagneD lamron kifarg nupuam margotsih kifarg nalipmat tahilem

alop nakirebmem margotsih kifarg awhab naklupmisid tapad tolp

( gnecnem kadit nad lamron isubirtsid ssenweks ek nupuata irik ek kiab )

kitit tahilret tolp lamron kifarg adap nakgnadeS .nanak - b gnay kitit adare

sirag irad huaj ulalret kadit aynnarabeynep nad lanogaid sirag adap

kadit iserger ledom awhab nakujnunem ini kifarg audeK .lanogaid

farg audek naklupmisid tapad aggnihes ,satilamron ismusa ihalaynem ki

lamron isubirtsidreb sataid

0.18.06.04.02.00.0

borP muC devresbO

0.1

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

borP mu

C detcepxE


laudiseR dezidradnatS noissergeR fo tolP P-P lamroN


201


301

t ialin iuhatekid tapad akam ,001 = fd nad )%5( 50,0 rasebes lebat t 489,1 rasebes lebat

malad )001,50.0(vnit= nakkitegnem nagned iracid aguj tapad llec tfosorciM gnosok

t ialin kutnU .7002 lecxE eciffO gnutih X1 rasebes -1, 190 < t lebat 489,1 rasebes nad

isakifingis X1 ,0 rasebes 872 > 50,0 rasebes α . naklupmisid tapad naikimed nagneD

awhab ispesreP adap roiretxE ecnadivE lacisyhP kadit isavitom padahret huragnepreb

.nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok nakgnadeS t ialin gnutih X2 rasebes 522,4 >

t lebat 489,1 rasebes isakifingis nad X2 rasebes 00,0 0 < .50,0 rasebes α aggniheS

ispesreP adap roiretnI ecnadivE lacisyhP nemusnok isavitom padahret huragnepreb

.nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu

X aratna huragnep idajret kadit nakanerakiD 1 ( ispesreP adap

roiretxE lacisyhP ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom padahret )

naka ayntujnales akam ,nakanuggnem X apnat ilabmek isergerid 1

( ispesreP adap roiretxE lacisyhP ) raseb aparebes iuhatekid tapad aggnihes

X aratna huragnep 2 ( ispesreP adap roiretnI ecnadivE lacisyhP padahret )

.nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom

( isanimreteD neisifeoK R2)

neisifeoK aynraseb iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid isanimreted

sabeb lebairav huragnep nagnabmus esatnesrep ispesreP adap roiretxE

lacisyhP ecnadivE nad ispesreP adap nI ecnadivE lacisyhP roiret araces

natlumis ( amasreb - amas ) isavitom takiret lebairav padahret nakanuggnem

ilabmek tuptuo adap isanimreted sisilana lisah ,iserger sisilana iraD .

ledom yrammus : tukireb iagabes nakijasid


401


501


601


701

ilabmek rasebes ) 9,41 rasebes aynasis nakgnadeS .% 1,58 % helo naksalejid V lebaira

lad nakkusamid kadit gnay nial ini naitilenep ledom ma .

.D nasahabmeP

reinil iserger sisilana irad lisaH anahredes 0.31 SSPS nagned roF

swodniW tukireb iagabes silutid tapad : x175,0 + 235,1=Y tapad nad iuhatekid

t gnutih X lebairav kutnu 2 ( ispesreP adap nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP rasebes )

051,4 . 50,0 rasebes nahalasek takgnit nagneD tapad akam ,001 = fd nad )%5(

t ialin iuhatekid lebat t 489,1 rasebes lebat nakkitegnem nagned iracid aguj tapad

malad )001,50.0(vnit= llec ialin kutnU .7002 lecxE eciffO tfosorciM gnosok

t gnutih X2 rasebes 051,4 > t lebat 489,1 rasebes nad X isnakifingis kutnu 2 rasebes

00,0 0 naklupmisid tapad naikimed nagneD .50,0 rasebes α< ispesreP adap

nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP X( 2 padahret huragnepreb ) isavitom nemusnok

nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu )Y( .

iju lisah iraD k isanimreted neisifeo akgna helorepid R2 R( erauqs rasebes )

ialin ,0 41 9 ( uata 9,41 .)% nagnabmus esatnesrep awhab nakkujnunem ini laH

nednepedni lebairav huragnep ispesreP adap nI cnadivE lacisyhP roiret e

padahret V isavitom( nedneped lebaira ilabmek nakanuggnem rasebes ) 9,41 .%

rasebes aynasis nakgnadeS 1,58 % helo naksalejid V kadit gnay nial lebaira

.ini naitilenep ledom malad nakkusamid iraV halada duskamid gnay nial leba

V huragnepmem tapad gnay lebaira nailebmep nakukalem kutnu nemusnok


801

ad tapadret gnay lebairav itrepes gnalu mal xim gnitekram : utiay , kudorp

,)tcudorp( tapmet )ecalp( agrah , ,)ecirp( isomorp ,)noitomorp( gnaro )elpaep(

sesorp nad )ssecorp( .

nemejanam /alolegnep kahip ini lah malaD ayaJ apsuP O.P lisahreb halet

alolegnem ayaJ apsuP O.P . ini naitilenep irad awhab itkubreT anamid ispesreP

adap nI cnadivE lacisyhP roiret e ret huragnepreb padah isavitom nemusnok

kutnu .ayaJ apsuP O.P sub asaj nakanuggnem ilabmek


901

IV BAB

NAITILENEP NASATABRETEK NAD ,NARAS ,NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

gnatnet nasahabmep nad atad sisilana nakukalem haleteS huragneP

adaP ispesreP lacisyhP E ecnediv ilabmeK kutnU nemusnoK isavitoM padahreT

ayaJ apsuP suB nakanuggneM nasuruJ radnaB gnupmaL - ajgoJ atrak PP akam ,

:tukireb iagabes nalupmisek libmagnem tapad silunep

lisah nakrasadreB isakifingis iju t , P ispesre nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP

reb padahret huragnep kutnu nemusnok isavitom ilabmek nakanuggnem .

.B naraS

.1 naahasureP igaB

alolegnem lisahreb halet asarid naahasureP nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP

hgnem nagned naklisa .nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom

natakgninep iulalem nanayalep utum naktakgninem suret surah naahasureP

niased nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP itrepeS ignawew narutagnep ,iakapid gnay na

tapmet isamrofni kujnutep nad )CW( telioT nahisrebek ,nagnaur rutarepmet

salej gnay kudud ilabmek kutnu nemusnok isavitom takgnit aggnihes

ayaJ apsuP O.P sub asaj nakanuggnem naka nikames iggnit .

.2 ayntujnaleS naitileneP igaB

awhab iuhatekid ini naitilenep adaP elbairav adap ispesrep nI roiret

ecnadivE lacisyhP rasebes huragnepreb aynah 9,41 padahret % isavitom

nemusnok nakanuggnem ilabmek kutnu nakgnades 58 ,1 helo ihuragnepid %


011

lebairav habmanem kutnu naknarasid ayntujnales itilenep akam ,nial lebairav

raulid nial adap ispesrep lebairav nI roiret ecnadivE lacisyhP isavitom padahret

nemusnok kutnu ilabmek nakanuggnem . lebairav nakhabmanem aynlasiM

xim gnitekram itrepes : kudorp ,)tcudorp( tapmet )ecalp( agrah , ,)ecirp( isomorp

,)noitomorp( gnaro )elpaep( sesorp nad )ssecorp( .

.C nasatabreteK

anerak ,namalagnep nad naupmamek lah malad itilenep nasatabreteK

aitilenep nakadagnem ilak amatrep urab nad rajaleb farat malad hisam itilenep n

malad ada gnay atkaf aumes nakpakgnugnem tapad kadit itilenep aggnihes ,ini

aynah libmaid gnay nalupmisek naikimed nagneD .tapet nagned ini naitilenep

imalagnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD .atad nahelorep adap satabret ukalreb

,utkaw nasatabretek aynada irid adap ada gnay naupmamek nad aganet ,anad

naaynatrep isi imahamem malad nednopser naupmamek nasatabreteK .silunep

anerak helO .itilenep nakirebid gnay renoiseuk bawajnem kutnu narujujek atres

nihes ,idajret ajas asib nabawaj nahalasek nanikgnumek ,uti gnay atad agg

.tapet gnaruk idajnem sisilana lisah taubmem nad taruka gnaruk asib naklisahid


111

AKATSUP RATFAD

,)4002( amlA irahcuB asaJ narasameP nad narasameP nemejanaM , :gnudnaB atebaflA

,)0002( ___________ asaJ narasameP nad narasameP nemejanaM , :gnudnaB

atebaflA

.0002 .ehcerraL ,reklaW ,dyoB natakedneP utauS : narasameP nemejanaMlabolG isatneirO nagned sigetartS . .aggnalrE : atrakaJ .2 isidE .1 diliJ

.8002 .ytraCcM ,tluaerreP ,nonnaC labolG natakedneP:rasaD narasameP . :atrakaJ

.tapmE abmelaS

.6002 .nawamreH ,ayajatraK aisenodnI kisalK gnitekraM naziM TP : gnudnaB ..akatsuP

.8002 .G ,gnortsmrA & pilihP ,reltoK pisnirP - narasameP pisnirp ide ,2&1 diliJ . .21 is

.aggnalrE :atrakaJ

.)9002( .enaL niveK ,relleK & .pilihP ,reltoK 31 isidE narasameP nemejanaM diliJ1, aggnalrE tibreneP : atrakaJ

.2002 .pilihP ,reltoK narasameP nemejanaM .aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

.7002 .K neruoL ,thgirW & rehpotsirhC ,kcolevoL asaJ narasameP nemejanaM .

.skednI :atrakaJ

.9991 .L L kunaK & .G neoL ,namffihcS nemusnoK ukalireP skednI :atrakaJ .

.ateB aflA :gnudnaB .naitileneP kutnu akitsitatS .8002 .onoiguS .

.9002 .onoiguS gnudnaB .sinsiB naitileneP edoteM .atebaflA .VC :

.0102 .otnayiluS atrakaygoY .sinsiB tesiR edoteM .tesffO idnA .VC :

002 .gnanaD ,otoynuS 8 . tairaviB isaleroK nad isergeR sisilanA aramA :atrakaygoY . .skooB

.3991 .daysrA & ,ontaruS sinsiB nad imonokE kutnU naitileneP igolodoteM . isidE

PPU :atrakaygoY .isiveR - .NPKY PMA


211

.0002 .inaH .T ,okodnaH & usaB .D ,atsawS sisilanA ,narasameP nemejanaMnemusnok ukalirep .EFPB :atrakaygoY .

.0002 .nawarI & usaB .D ,atsawS nredoM narasameP nemejanaM :atrakaygoY .

.ytrebiL

.2002 .ydnaF ,onotpijT narasameP igetratS .ydnA tibrenep :atrakaygoY .2 iside ,


NARIPMAL


,atrakaygoY 102 __________ 2

adapeK ; htY rdS/ubI/kapaB ayaJ apsuP suB asaJ anuggneP

,tamroh nagneD

:ayas ini amasreB amaN : nawarI ydeD namoyN MIN : 08 4122 331

satisrevinU nemejanaM nasuruJ imonokE satlukaF rihka takgnit awsisaham ayaS :luduj nagned ispirks nusuynem gnades gnay atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS “ huragneP

adaP ispesreP lacisyhP E ecnediv ilabmeK kutnU nemusnoK isavitoM padahreTayaJ apsuP suB nakanuggneM nasuruJ radnaB gnupmaL – ajgoJ atrak PP .” idutS

K adap susa .ayaJ apsuP O.P naataynrep padahret nabawaj irebmem kutnu adnA adapek nohom ayaS - naataynrep

malad nakhutubid gnay atad helorepmem anug ini renoiseuk malad nususret gnay.naitilenep

ay nabawaj aumeS nagnitnepek kutnu nakanugrep ayas naka nakireb adnA gn naaidesek nohom ayas uti kutnU .aynnaaisaharek agaj ayas naka nad ispirks nasilunep naadaek iauses ini renoiseuk adap nabawaj irebmem arac nagned utnabmem kutnu adnA

.aynranebes gnay adnA pacugnem ayaS utkaw nakgnaulem halet gnay adnA naaidesek sata hisak amiret nak

.ini renoiseuk bawajnem kutnu

iuhategneM ayas tamroH

nanipmiP ayaJ apsuP O.P ( nawarI ydeD namoyN )


kujnuteP naisigneP : atames ini renoiseuK .1 - .rujuj nagned bawajid nohom ,simedaka naulrepek kutnu atam

et nagned naaynatrep aumes halbawaj nad halacaB .2 .naktawelret gnay ada apnat itil

RENOISEUK

aigaB kitsiretkarak ianegnem naaynatreP .I n nednopser

naisigneP kujnuteP ( gnertnoc adnat halireB : ) kitit isi uata - kitit iauses gnilap gnay nabawaj adap.adnA naadaek nagned

.a : nimalek sineJ airP ) ( atinaW ) (

.b : ini taas adnA aisU

71 ) ( – nuhat 12 22 ) ( – nuhat 62 72 ) ( – 13 nuhat 23 ) ( – nuhat 63

nuhat 63 sata id ) (

.c : adnA naajrekeP awsisahaM / rajaleP ) ( atsawsariW ) (

iregeN iawageP ) ( atsawS nawayraK ) ( niaL ) ( - .......................... )naktubes( nial

.d : rihkaret nalub 21 malad ayaJ apsuP O.P asaj nakanuggnem adna ilak apareB

ilak 2 ) ( ilak 3 ) ( ilak 4 ) ( ilak 4 irad hibeL ) (

.e taas adaP ayaJ apsuP O.P asaj nakanuggnem : aynasaib adnA ini

ajas iridneS ) ( namet amasreB ) ( uleK amasreB ) ( agra nagnobmor amasreB ) (

.f , ajrekeb muleb gnay igaB ,ajrekeb hadus gnay igaB gnay ukas gnaU : nalub pait helorep adnA natapadneP : nalub pait helorep adnA gnay

rad gnaruK ) ( 000.005 .pR i gnaruK ) ( 000.000.2 .pR irad 000.005 .pR ) ( – 000.1 .pR 000. .pR ) ( 000.000.2 – 000.000.3 .pR

100.000.1 .pR ) ( – .1 .pR 000.005 100.000.3 .pR ) ( – 000.000.4 .pR 100.005.1 .pR ) ( – .2 .pR 000.000 100.000.4 .pR ) ( – 000.000.5 .pR

( 000.000.2 .pR irad hibeL ) ) ( .pR irad hibeL 00.000.5 0


ianegnem naaynatreP .II naigaB lebairav adaP ispesreP lacisyhP E ecnediv padahret rotakidni E roiretx b ayaJ apsuP su

: naisigneP kujnuteP ( gnatnec adnat halireB gnay nabawaj molok adap )√ nagned iauses gnilap

: ini tukireb nakaidesid halet gnay naaynatrep adap adnA naadaek SS = tagnaS ujuteS TS = kadiT ujuteS S = ujuteS STS = kadiT tagnaS ujuteS N = larteN

RENOISEUK

SS S N TS TS S 1 ayaJ apsuP O.P sub niaseD .kiab tagnas

2 ayaJ apsuP O.P sub anraW sugab tagnas natahilek.kiranem nad

3 sub sineJ nakanugid gnay apsuP O.P igab kiab tagnas.adna

4 ogoL rekits sub ayaJ apsuP O.P kutnu kiranem.tahilid

5 acak utneb nad anraW ayaJ apsuP O.P sub tagnas nad kiab .kiranem

6 iggniT ayaJ apsuP O.P sub gnajnaP nad .kiab tagnas

7 ayaJ apsuP O.P sub rekits rabmaG nad sugab.kiranem

8 apsuP O.P sub isagab saul nad kutneB .kiab tagnas


I naigaB I .I ianegnem naaynatreP lebairav adaP ispesreP lacisyhP E ecnediv padahretrotakidni I roiretn b ayaJ apsuP su

: naisigneP kujnuteP ( gnatnec adnat halireB nagned iauses gnilap gnay nabawaj molok adap )√

: ini tukireb nakaidesid halet gnay naaynatrep adap adnA naadaek SS = tagnaS ujuteS TS = kadiT ujuteS S = ujuteS STS = kadiT tagnaS ujuteS N = N larte

RENOISEUK

SS S N ST TS S 1 niaseD roiretni ayaJ apsuP O.P sub kiab tagnas

2 P sinej nahilime nahab aynanraw nad adap i roiretn ayaJ apsuP O.P sub kiab tagnas

3 id iakapid gnay naignaweW malad apsuP O.P sub ayaJ kiab tagnas

4 narutagneP id nagnaur uhus/rutarepmet O.P subapsuP ayaJ .kiab tagnas

5 kutnu ipukucnem nagnarenep takgniT adna malad id sativitkareb apsuP O.P sub ayaJ .

6 malad id )CW( teliot naadarebeK ayaJ apsuP O.P sub .kiab tagnas

7 nad DCV ,VT itrepes narubih anaras naadarebeKayaJ apsuP O.P sub oiduA anaras .kiab tagnas

8 O.P sub malad naigab id gnarab tapmet naadarebeKayaJ apsuP .kiab tagnas

9 aratna karaJ kudud tapmet rutaid hadus naikimedesabel pukuc raga apur r .namayn adna taubmem nad

01 kudud tapmet romon isamrofni kujnutep naadarebeKayaJ apsuP O.P adap .salej nad kiab tagnas

11 sub naujut tapmet isamrofni kujutep naadarebeK O.PayaJ apsuP .salej nad kiab tagnas

12 sub adap tarurad raulek utnip naadarebeK apsuP O.PayaJ .kiab tagnas


13 tumiles naadarebeK sub adap ayaJ apsuP O.P tagnas.namayn nad kiab

14 gnaur nahisrebeK sub ayaJ apsuP O.P kiab tagnas namayn nad .

15 nad nammunim huranem tapmet naadarebeK adap nannakam kudud tapmet sub ayaJ apsuP O.P

.kiab tagnas

I naigaB V naaynatreP . m ianegne v lebaira M isavito k nemusno m/nakanuggnem ilebme k .ilabme

: naisigneP kujnuteP adnat halireB ( gnatnec nagned iauses gnilap gnay nabawaj molok adap )√

: ini tukireb nakaidesid halet gnay naaynatrep adap adnA naadaek SS = tagnaS ujuteS ST = ujuteSkadiT S = ujuteS S ST = tagnaS ujuteS kadiT N = larteN

*HISAK AMIRET*

RENOISEUK SS S N ST STS 1 A adn sub asaj nakanuggnem isavitomreb apsuP O.P

ayaJ naka gnay asam id tad a gn .

2 adnA isavitomreb nakisadnemokerem sub O.P ayaJ apsuP naker ek - .adna naker

3 adnA O.P asaj nakanuggnem patet kutnu isavitomreb roiretke naadaek nupiksem ayaJ apsuP roiretni nad

.adna naparah iauses kadit

4 adnA isavitomreb gnay isamrofni iracnemtafis gnukudnem - irad fitisop tafis .ayaJ apsuP O.P


NEDNOPSER ATAD

oN sineJ

aisU naajrekreP halmuJ taaS nameT

ukas gnaU natapadneP nimaleK naanuggneP nakanuggneM 1 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 2 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 atsawsariW ilak 3 agraulek amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 3 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 3 nagnobmor amasreB . 100.000.3 - 000.000.4 4 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 5 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 atsawsariW ilak 4 iridneS . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 6 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 7 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 agraulek amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 8 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 9 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 01 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 11 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 000.005 irad gnaruK . 21 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 31 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 41 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 nagnobmor amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 51 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 61 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 71 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 81 airP 23 - nuhat 63 niaL - nial ilak 3 namet amasreB . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 91 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel agraulek amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 02 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 12 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 2 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 22 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 32 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 42 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 atsaws nawayraK ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 52 airP 72 - 13 nuhat atsawsariW ilak 4 iridneS . 100.000.3 - 000.000.4


NEDNOPSER ATAD

oN sineJ


ukas gnaU natapadneP nimaleK naanuggneP nakanuggneM 62 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 72 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 .

82 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 92 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 iridneS 000.005 irad gnaruK . 03 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 13 airP 71 - nuhat 12 atsaws nawayraK ilak 4 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 23 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 33 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 iregen iawageP ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 43 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 3 iridneS . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 53 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 63 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 iregen iawageP ilak 3 namet amasreB . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 73 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 83 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP 4 ilak iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 93 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 100.005.1 - 000.000.2 . 04 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 agraulek amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 14 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 24 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 000.005 irad gnaruK . 34 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 44 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 54 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 64 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 74 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 84 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 atsawsariW ilak 4 iridneS . 100.000.3 - 000.000.4 94 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 05 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 .


NEDNOPSER ATAD

oN sineJ


ukas gnaU natapadneP nimaleK naanuggneP nakanuggneM 15 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 25 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 agraulek amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 35 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 agraulek amasreB irad gnaruK 000.005 . 45 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 55 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 65 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 atsawsariW ilak 3 namet amasreB . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 75 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 irad gnaruK . 85 airP 72 - nuhat 13 niaL - nial ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 95 airP 71 - nuhat 12 atsawsariW ilak 4 agraulek amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 06 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 nagnobmor amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 16 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsaws nawayraK ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 26 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 36 airP 71 - 12 nuhat awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 46 atinaW nuhat 63 sata id atsaws nawayraK ilak 2 iridneS . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 56 airP nuhat 63 sata id niaL - nial ilak 2 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 66 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 76 airP 72 - nuhat 13 atsaws nawayraK ilak 2 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 86 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 96 airP 72 - nuhat 13 nawayraK atsaws ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 07 airP 23 - nuhat 63 atsawsariW ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 17 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel nagnobmor amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 27 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 37 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 47 airP 72 - nuhat 13 iregen iawageP ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 57 airP 72 - nuhat 13 atsawsariW ilak 4 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK


NEDNOPSER ATAD

oN sineJ


ukas gnaU natapadneP nimaleK naanuggneP nakanuggneM 67 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 77 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 87 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 iregen iawageP ilak 4 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 97 airP 72 - nuhat 13 atsawsariW ilak 3 iridneS . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 08 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 4 irad hibel agraulek amasreB . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 18 airP nuhat 63 sata id niaL - nial ilak 2 agraulek amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 28 airP 72 - 13 nuhat iregen iawageP ilak 3 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 38 atinaW nuhat 63 sata id atsaws nawayraK ilak 4 irad hibel agraulek amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 48 atinaW nuhat 63 sata id niaL - nial ilak 2 agraulek amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 58 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 68 airP nuhat 63 sata id atsawsariW ilak 4 irad hibel namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 78 atinaW nuhat 63 sata id niaL - nial ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 88 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 namet amasreB 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 . 98 airP 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 namet amasreB 100.005.1 - 000.000.2 . 09 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 19 airP nuhat 63 sata id atsawsariW ilak 2 iridneS . 100.000.3 - 000.000.4 29 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 atsawsariW ilak 3 nagnobmor amasreB . 100.000.2 - 000.000.3 39 atinaW 72 - nuhat 13 atsaws nawayraK ilak 2 iridneS . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 49 airP 71 - 12 nuhat awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 2 iridneS 000.005 irad gnaruK . 59 airP nuhat 63 sata id niaL - nial ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 69 airP 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 namet amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 79 atinaW 71 - nuhat 12 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 nagnobmor amasreB 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 89 airP 22 - nuhat 62 atsaws nawayraK ilak 2 namet amasreB . 000.000.2 irad gnaruK 99 atinaW 22 - nuhat 62 awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 4 irad hibel iridneS 000.005 - 000.000.1 . 001 airP 71 - 12 nuhat awsisaham/rajaleP ilak 3 iridneS 100.000.1 - 000.005.1 .


NAITILENEP ATAD LACISYHP ROIRETXE ADAP ISPESREPECNADIVE

oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ataR - atar 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 57,3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 5,2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 88,3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 88,3 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 57,3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 88,3 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 57,3 01 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 36,3 11 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 57,3 21 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 36,3 31 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 57,3 41 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 52,4 51 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 61 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 57,3 71 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 57,3 81 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 4 83,3 91 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 02 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 83,4 12 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 5,4 22 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 57,3 32 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 83,3 42 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 88,3 52 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 62 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 83,3 72 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 82 4 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 52,4 92 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 52,3 03 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 57,4 13 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 88,3 23 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 31,4 33 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 52,4 43 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 53 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 36,4



oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ataR - atar 63 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 52,4 73 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 31,4 83 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 52,4 93 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 83,3 04 4 3 4 2 3 5 5 5 88,3 14 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 5,2 24 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 36,2 34 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 5,3 44 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 57,3 54 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 64 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 31,3 74 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 31,4 84 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 83,4 94 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 36,4 05 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 83,3 15 4 3 5 4 3 3 4 5 88,3 25 4 5 4 5 3 2 1 5 36,3 35 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 45 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 83,3 55 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 31,3 65 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 4 31,3 75 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 88,3 85 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 36,3 95 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 57,2 06 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 16 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 52,4 26 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 83,3 36 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 88,3 46 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 52,3 56 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 66 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 76 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 86 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 31,4 96 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 31,4 07 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4



oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ataR - atar 17 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 27 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 83,4 37 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 47 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 88,3 57 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 67 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 36,2 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 87 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 88,3 97 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 57,3 08 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 57,3 18 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 57,3 28 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 57,3 38 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 57,3 48 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 36,3 58 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 88,3 68 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 36,3 78 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 88 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 98 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 09 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 19 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 31,4 29 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 31,4 39 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 49 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 59 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 31,3 69 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 4 31,3 79 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 89 4 3 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 99 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 001 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3

R ta -atar ,3 19 ,3 48 7,3 3 6,3 7 6,3 8 6,3 6 6,3 8 7,3 9 ,3 4747


NAITILENEP ATAD ADAP ISPESREP NI LACISYHP ROIRETECNADIVE

oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 ataaR -atar

1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 78,3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 76,2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 2 39,3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 8,3 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 5 5 5 4 31,4 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 8,3 01 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 2,4 11 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 33,3 21 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 31,4 31 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 8,3 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 6,3 51 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 31,4 61 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 39,3 71 3 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 33,4 81 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 35,3 91 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 8,3 02 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 8,3 12 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4,4 22 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 70,4 32 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 42 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 35,4 52 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 31,4 62 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 39,3 72 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 39,3 82 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 31,4 92 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 70,4 03 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 76,3 13 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4,4 23 3 3 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 35,3 33 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 5 74,4 43 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 8,4 53 4 3 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 78,3



oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 ataaR -atar

63 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 73 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 83 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 72,4 93 4 4 2 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 4 5 5 5 33,3 04 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 3 5 5 4 3 5 5 4 8,3 14 3 4 2 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 39,2 24 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 34 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 31,3 44 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 39,2 54 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4,3 64 4 4 2 2 3 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 31,3 74 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 33,4 84 5 5 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 94 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 05 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 76,3 15 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 31,4 25 4 4 3 3 4 2 5 3 2 1 5 3 3 5 5 74,3 35 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 45 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 31,3 55 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 76,3 65 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 75 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 70,3 85 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 78,3 95 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 76,3 06 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 16 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 26 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 3 5 4 4 4 4 36 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 46 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 8,3 56 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 8,3 66 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 3 76 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 86 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 96 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 70,4 07 4 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 4 4 76,2



oN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 ataaR -atar

17 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 2,4 27 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 5 3 2 2 2 35,3 37 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 37,3 47 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 8,3 57 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 67 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8,3 77 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 37,3 87 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 72,4 97 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 78,3 08 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 39,3 18 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4,3 28 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 39,3 38 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 37,3 48 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 72,3 58 3 4 3 3 4 2 5 3 2 5 5 3 4 5 3 6,3 68 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 76,3 78 2 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 78,3 88 5 5 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 98 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 09 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 19 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 31,4 29 4 4 3 3 4 2 5 3 2 1 5 3 3 5 5 74,3 39 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 31,4 49 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 31,3 59 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 76,3 69 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 79 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 70,3 89 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 78,3 99 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 76,3 001 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

ataR -atar 58,3 38,3 46,3 36,3 57,3 45,3 67,3 17,3 29,3 66,3 57,3 86,3 58,3 88,3 8,3 7947,3


ILABMEK NAKANUGGNEM NEMUSNOK ISAVITOM ATAD

oN 1 2 3 4 ataR - atar 1 4 4 3 3 5,3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 5,3 4 4 4 4 3 57,3 5 4 4 4 4 4 6 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 3 3 3 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 9 4 4 4 4 4 01 3 3 3 3 3 11 4 3 3 4 5,3 21 4 4 4 4 4 31 4 3 4 3 5,3 41 3 4 4 3 5,3 51 4 4 4 4 4 61 4 4 4 3 57,3 71 4 4 3 4 57,3 81 4 4 4 4 4 91 4 4 4 4 4 02 3 3 3 3 3 12 4 3 3 3 52,3 22 4 4 4 4 4 32 4 4 3 4 57,3 42 4 4 4 4 4 52 5 4 4 4 52,4 62 4 4 4 4 4 72 4 4 5 4 52,4 82 4 4 4 3 57,3 92 4 4 3 4 57,3 03 3 4 4 4 57,3 13 4 4 4 4 4 23 4 3 3 3 52,3 33 4 5 5 4 5,4 43 4 4 4 4 4 53 3 3 3 4 52,3



oN 1 2 3 4 ataR - atar 63 4 4 4 3 57,3 73 4 4 4 4 4 83 3 3 4 3 52,3 93 4 3 5 5 52,4 04 4 4 3 3 5,3 14 2 2 4 4 3 24 3 2 4 5 5,3 34 3 3 2 1 52,2 44 3 2 1 1 57,1 54 3 3 2 3 57,2 64 4 4 4 4 4 74 3 3 4 3 52,3 84 5 5 5 5 5 94 5 5 5 5 5 05 4 4 1 3 3 15 5 4 5 3 52,4 25 3 3 4 1 57,2 35 4 4 3 3 5,3 45 4 3 3 4 5,3 55 4 4 2 3 52,3 65 3 4 3 3 52,3 75 3 3 3 3 3 85 4 4 5 4 52,4 95 4 4 5 5 5,4 06 4 4 4 4 4 16 4 4 5 5 5,4 26 4 4 4 4 4 36 4 4 4 5 52,4 46 4 4 4 4 4 56 4 4 4 4 4 66 4 4 4 4 4 76 4 4 4 4 4 86 4 4 4 5 52,4 96 4 5 5 4 5,4 07 4 4 3 2 52,3



oN 1 2 3 4 ataR - atar 17 2 2 1 2 57,1 27 4 4 3 4 57,3 37 4 4 4 4 4 47 4 4 4 4 4 57 4 4 4 4 4 67 4 4 4 4 4 77 4 4 4 4 4 87 5 5 4 4 5,4 97 4 4 4 4 4 08 4 4 4 3 57,3 18 3 3 4 3 52,3 28 3 3 4 4 5,3 38 4 3 4 3 5,3 48 4 4 4 3 57,3 58 5 5 3 3 4 68 4 4 3 3 5,3 78 4 3 2 3 3 88 3 3 2 1 52,2 98 3 2 1 1 57,1 09 3 3 2 3 57,2 19 4 4 4 4 4 29 3 3 4 3 52,3 39 5 5 5 5 5 49 5 5 5 5 5 59 4 4 1 3 3 69 3 3 3 3 3 79 4 4 5 4 52,4 89 4 4 5 5 5,4 99 4 4 4 4 4 001 4 4 5 5 5,4

ataR -atar

5276,3


Df rP/ 52.0 05.0

01.0 02.0

50.0 01.0

520.0 050.0

10.0 20.0

500.0 010.0

100.0 200.0

1 00000.1 86770.3 57313.6 02607.21 25028.13 47656.36 8803.813 2 05618.0 26588.1 99919.2 56203.4 65469.6 48429.9 21723.22 3 98467.0 47736.1 63353.2 54281.3 07045.4 19048.5 35412.01 4 07047.0 12335.1 58131.2 54677.2 59647.3 90406.4 81371.7 5 96627.0 88574.1 50510.2 85075.2 39463.3 41230.4 34398.5 6 65717.0 67934.1 81349.1 19644.2 76241.3 34707.3 36702.5 7 41117.0 29414.1 85498.1 26463.2 59799.2 84994.3 92587.4 8 93607.0 28693.1 55958.1 00603.2 64698.2 93553.3 97005.4 9 27207.0 30383.1 11338.1 61262.2 44128.2 48942.3 18692.4 01 18996.0 81273.1 64218.1 41822.2 77367.2 72961.3 07341.4 11 54796.0 34363.1 88597.1 99002.2 80817.2 18501.3 07420.4 21 84596.0 22653.1 92287.1 18871.2 00186.2 45450.3 36929.3 31 38396.0 71053.1 39077.1 73061.2 13056.2 82210.3 89158.3 41 24296.0 30543.1 13167.1 97441.2 94426.2 48679.2 93787.3 51 02196.0 16043.1 50357.1 54131.2 84206.2 17649.2 38237.3 61 31096.0 67633.1 88547.1 19911.2 94385.2 87029.2 51686.3 71 02986.0 83333.1 16937.1 28901.2 39665.2 32898.2 77546.3 81 63886.0 93033.1 60437.1 29001.2 83255.2 44878.2 84016.3 91 26786.0 37723.1 31927.1 20390.2 84935.2 39068.2 04975.3 02 59686.0 43523.1 27427.1 69580.2 89725.2 43548.2 18155.3 12 53686.0 91323.1 47027.1 16970.2 56715.2 63138.2 51725.3 22 18586.0 42123.1 41717.1 78370.2 23805.2 67818.2 99405.3 32 13586.0 64913.1 78317.1 66860.2 78994.2 43708.2 69484.3 42 58486.0 48713.1 88017.1 09360.2 61294.2 49697.2 87664.3 52 34486.0 53613.1 41807.1 45950.2 11584.2 44787.2 91054.3 62 40486.0 79413.1 26507.1 35550.2 36874.2 17877.2 00534.3 72 86386.0 07313.1 92307.1 38150.2 66274.2 86077.2 30124.3 82 53386.0 35213.1 31107.1 14840.2 41764.2 62367.2 61804.3 92 40386.0 34113.1 31996.1 32540.2 20264.2 93657.2 42693.3 03 67286.0 24013.1 62796.1 72240.2 62754.2 00057.2 81583.3 13 94286.0 64903.1 25596.1 15930.2 28254.2 40447.2 09473.3 23 32286.0 75803.1 98396.1 39630.2 86844.2 84837.2 13563.3 33 00286.0 47703.1 63296.1 25430.2 97444.2 82337.2 43653.3 43 77186.0 59603.1 29096.1 42230.2 51144.2 93827.2 39743.3 53 65186.0 12603.1 75986.1 11030.2 27734.2 18327.2 50043.3 63 73186.0 15503.1 03886.1 90820.2 94434.2 84917.2 26233.3 73 81186.0 58403.1 90786.1 91620.2 54134.2 14517.2 36523.3 83 00186.0 32403.1 59586.1 93420.2 75824.2 65117.2 30913.3 93 38086.0 46303.1 88486.1 96220.2 48524.2 19707.2 97213.3 04 76086.0 80303.1 58386.1 80120.2 62324.2 64407.2 88603.3 14 25086.0 45203.1 88286.1 45910.2 08024.2 81107.2 72103.3 24 83086.0 40203.1 59186.1 80810.2 74814.2 70896.2 59592.3 34 42086.0 55103.1 70186.1 96610.2 52614.2 01596.2 98092.3 44 11086.0 90103.1 32086.1 73510.2 31414.2 82296.2 70682.3 54 89976.0 56003.1 34976.1 01410.2 21214.2 95986.2 84182.3 64 68976.0 32003.1 66876.1 09210.2 91014.2 10786.2 01772.3 74 57976.0 28992.1 39776.1 47110.2 53804.2 65486.2 19272.3 84 46976.0 44992.1 22776.1 36010.2 85604.2 02286.2 19862.3 94 35976.0 70992.1 55676.1 85900.2 98404.2 59976.2 80562.3 05 34976.0 17892.1 19576.1 65800.2 72304.2 97776.2 14162.3 15 33976.0 73892.1 82576.1 85700.2 27104.2 27576.2 98752.3 25 42976.0 50892.1 96476.1 56600.2 22004.2 37376.2 15452.3


35 51976.0 37792.1 21476.1 57500.2 97893.2 28176.2 72152.3 45 60976.0 34792.1 65376.1 88400.2 14793.2 89966.2 51842.3 55 89876.0 31792.1 30376.1 40400.2 80693.2 22866.2 51542.3 65 09876.0 58692.1 25276.1 42300.2 08493.2 15666.2 62242.3 75 28876.0 85692.1 30276.1 74200.2 75393.2 78466.2 84932.3 85 47876.0 23692.1 55176.1 27100.2 83293.2 92366.2 08632.3 95 76876.0 70692.1 90176.1 00100.2 32193.2 67166.2 12432.3 06 06876.0 28592.1 56076.1 03000.2 21093.2 82066.2 17132.3 16 35876.0 85592.1 22076.1 26999.1 50983.2 68856.2 03922.3 26 74876.0 63592.1 08966.1 79899.1 10883.2 84756.2 69622.3 36 04876.0 31592.1 04966.1 43899.1 10783.2 51656.2 17422.3 46 43876.0 29492.1 10966.1 37799.1 40683.2 58456.2 35222.3 56 82876.0 17492.1 46866.1 41799.1 01583.2 06356.2 14022.3 66 32876.0 15492.1 72866.1 65699.1 91483.2 93256.2 73812.3 76 71876.0 23492.1 29766.1 10699.1 03383.2 22156.2 93612.3 86 11876.0 31492.1 75766.1 74599.1 54283.2 80056.2 64412.3 96 60876.0 49392.1 42766.1 59499.1 16183.2 89846.2 06212.3 07 10876.0 67392.1 19666.1 44499.1 18083.2 09746.2 97012.3 17 69776.0 95392.1 06666.1 49399.1 20083.2 68646.2 30902.3 27 19776.0 24392.1 92666.1 64399.1 62973.2 58546.2 33702.3 37 78776.0 62392.1 00666.1 00399.1 25873.2 78446.2 76502.3 47 28776.0 01392.1 17566.1 45299.1 08773.2 19346.2 60402.3 57 87776.0 49292.1 34566.1 01299.1 01773.2 89246.2 94202.3 67 37776.0 97292.1 51566.1 76199.1 24673.2 80246.2 69002.3 77 96776.0 46292.1 88466.1 52199.1 67573.2 02146.2 84991.3 87 56776.0 05292.1 26466.1 58099.1 11573.2 43046.2 40891.3 97 16776.0 63292.1 73466.1 54099.1 84473.2 05936.2 36691.3 08 75776.0 22292.1 21466.1 60099.1 78373.2 96836.2 62591.3 18 35776.0 90292.1 88366.1 96989.1 72373.2 09736.2 29391.3 28 94776.0 69192.1 56366.1 23989.1 96273.2 21736.2 26291.3 38 64776.0 38192.1 24366.1 69889.1 21273.2 73636.2 53191.3 48 24776.0 17192.1 02366.1 16889.1 65173.2 36536.2 11091.3 58 93776.0 95192.1 89266.1 72889.1 20173.2 19436.2 09881.3 68 53776.0 74192.1 77266.1 39789.1 94073.2 12436.2 27781.3 78 23776.0 63192.1 65266.1 16789.1 89963.2 35336.2 75681.3 88 92776.0 52192.1 53266.1 92789.1 74963.2 68236.2 44581.3 98 62776.0 41192.1 61266.1 89689.1 89863.2 02236.2 43481.3 09 32776.0 30192.1 69166.1 76689.1 05863.2 75136.2 72381.3 19 02776.0 29092.1 77166.1 83689.1 30863.2 49036.2 22281.3 29 71776.0 28092.1 95166.1 90689.1 75763.2 33036.2 91181.3 39 41776.0 27092.1 04166.1 08589.1 21763.2 37926.2 91081.3 49 11776.0 26092.1 32166.1 25589.1 76663.2 51926.2 12971.3 59 80776.0 35092.1 50166.1 52589.1 42663.2 85826.2 52871.3 69 50776.0 34092.1 88066.1 89489.1 28563.2 20826.2 13771.3 79 30776.0 43092.1 17066.1 27489.1 14563.2 74726.2 93671.3 89 00776.0 52092.1 55066.1 74489.1 00563.2 39626.2 94571.3 99 89676.0 61092.1 93066.1 22489.1 16463.2 14626.2 06471.3 001 59676.0 70092.1 32066.1 79389.1 22463.2 98526.2 47371.3


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