MANAJEMEN KESUBURAN TANAH

Semester Ganjil 2014/2015Semester Ganjil 2014/2015EHN (5 September 2014)

Materi 7: Perawatan Kesuburan Tanah

Hari Jam Ruang Kelas

Senin 13:20 - 15:00 TNH-A2 C

8/9 15/9 22/9 29/9 6/10 13/10 20/20EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHNK-10 K-11 K-12 K-13 K-14 K-15 K-16SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU

07:30 - 09:10 TNH-A2 J

9/9 16/9 23/9 30/9 7/10 14/10 21/10EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHNK-10 K-11 K-12 K-13 K-14 K-15 K-16SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRUSelasa SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU

11:00 - 12:40 TNH-A2 G

9/9 16/9 23/9 30/9 7/10 14/10 21/10EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHNK-10 K-11 K-12 K-13 K-14 K-15 K-16SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU

Kamis 11:00 - 12:40 TNH-A1 M

11/9 18/9 25/9 2/10 9/10 16/10 23/10EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHN EHNK-10 K-11 K-12 K-13 K-14 K-15 K-16SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU SRU

Maintenance of Soil Fertility Soil fertility is the most important asset of a nation. Maintenance of soil fertility is an important aspect of agriculture. Nutrients are continuously removed from the soil by crops in

addition to losses by leaching and erosion. It is estimated that different agricultural crops in Indonesia remove It is estimated that different agricultural crops in Indonesia remove

annually about 4.27 million tonnes of nitrogen, 2.13 milliontonnes of P2O5 7.42 million tonnes of and 4.88 million tonnes ofCaO.

It is therefore, imperative that sound soil and crop managementpractices are adopted to improve and maintain soil fertility andsoil physical conditions for the purpose of sustained cropproduction

Application of manures andfertilizers long term application of organic manures and chemical

fertilizers helps to improve and maintain soil fertility, soilproductivity and soil physical conditions.

soil fertility and agricultural production can be maintainedonly by efficient and judicious management of nutrientonly by efficient and judicious management of nutrientaddition to the soil from external sources.

Of the two sources most widely used allover the world, oneis organic in nature the organic manures, simply calledmanures, and the other comprises the synthetic or naturallyoccurring chemical fertilizers, simply called fertilizers

Selection of proper crops andcropping practices The role of leguminous crops in symbiotically fixing

nitrogen from the air and thus increasing the yield of the crophas been known since time immemorial.The idea ofincluding a legume in the sequence stems from thisobservation.observation.

Cropping system that influences on the dynamics of soilfertility requires a fairly long period of trials, because ofnative soil fertility, carry over effect of previous cropping andmanuring, seasonal variations etc.

Selection of proper crops andcropping practices Good crop rotation: increases organic matter, nitrogen

supply and improved structure of soil. These effects are observed especially with deep rooted legumes

or crops capable of bringing plant nutrients from the lowerlayers of soil and leaving them as crop residues in the upperlayers. Nutrients so fetched can be utilized by shallow rootedcrops. Deep rooted crops also contribute to increasedpermeability of soil at lower depth to air and water.

The other benefits of crop rotations are keeping soil undercrop cover for most of the year, control of run-off, soilerosion and efficient use of fertilizers.

Application of soil conservationpractices Loss of plant nutrients and water from the soil due to soil

erosion can be checked effectively and the fertility of the soilcan be maintained by application of various biological andengineering methods of soil conservation.

Water supply and drainage Water supply is a critical factor in crop production in most

20 areas of the world. Soil moisture greatly affects theavailability of mineral nutrients in the soil.

Drainage and moisture control can influence micro-nutrientavailability. In soi1s improving the drainage of acid so11savailability. In soi1s improving the drainage of acid so11sencourages the formation of less toxic oxidized forms of ironand manganese.

Stabilization of soil pH The stabilization of soil pH through application of soil

amendments and buffering seems to be an effective guardagainst the problems of non-availability of certain plantnutrients and radical changes in microbial activities arisingdue to change in soil pH.due to change in soil pH.

Adopting proper tillage practices Faulty tillage practices expose soil to different kinds of

erosions such as soil erosion and thus, cause a great loss tosoil fertility.This can be prevented to a great deal by adoptingthe right kind of tillage practices.

Normally, while preparing field for the next crop, various Normally, while preparing field for the next crop, variousoperations such as ploughing, harrowing, leveling, etc. arecarried out to break up the clods and loosen the soil.

Prevention of inorganic chemica1contamination of soil Loss of soil fertility due to application of toxic chemicals as

pesticides can be eliminated if application of toxic chemicalsto soil is reduced and the soil crops are so managed toprevent cycling of toxic chemicals

Control of weeds Weeds compete with main crop for water, nutrients, air and

light.They remove a lot of nutrients from the soil.They arealso alternate host plants for different insect pests and diseasecausing microorganisms.

Therefore, weed control is very essential to maintain soil Therefore, weed control is very essential to maintain soilfertility and soil productivity.

Weeds can be controlled by sowing weed free seeds,uprooting of the weed plants from the crops, smotheringweeds through mulching, burning of weeds, applyingweedicides and also employing biological agents to killweeds.

Akhir materi 7Minggu depan; UTS