organisme tanah bahan kajian mk. dasar ilmu tanah smno.jurtnh.fpub2013

ORGANISME TANAH

Bahan Kajian MK. Dasar Ilmu Tanah

smno.jurtnh.fpub2013

ORGANISME TANAH

Sumber: http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/i7MW5CT

MzsxTX0Awb6oYdg

ORGANISME TANAH

Diunduh dari sumber: http://www.rw.ttu.edu/2302_butler/chapter6.htm …… 26/10/2012

ORGANISME TANAH

Sumber: http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/i7MW5CTMzsxTX0Awb6oYdg

CACING TANAH

Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.outgro.co.nz/outgro-farm-series/….. 26/10/2012

In a hectare of healthy soil, earthworm numbers can equate to

more than 3,000kg. The action of worms and their

castings increases infiltration, water and nutrient retention, aeration,

organic matter cycling, weed suppression and disease prevention. On average, worm castings contain 7 times more phosphorus, 10 times

more potassium, 5 times more nitrogen, 3 times more magnesium and 1.5 times more calcium than

surrounding soil. Castings also contain important

hormones, enzymes, vitamins and antibiotics, all important for plant

health and animal health.

http://www.outgro.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Do-you-have-worms-outgro1.jpg

ORGANISME DALAM TANAH

BIOLOGI TANAH

Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.safs.msu.edu/soilecology/soilbiology.htm….. 26/10/2012

Biotic soil componentsTypical number or

length(in one handful of soil)

Typical biomass(pounds/acre)

Plant roots • Plant residues (both roots and shoots) are the ultimate source of

almost all carbon (energy) for soil organisms

• There may be 1,000 times more soil microorganisms near plant roots than in soil further away

from roots

60 – 150 inches(annual crops)

1,500 – 3,000 inches(perennial grasses)

3,000(annual crops)

15,000(perennial grasses)

BIOLOGI TANAH


Bacteria• Along with fungi, are the most

important group in organic matter decomposition

• Extracellular compounds help bind soil particles into

aggregates•Specialized groups are involved

in each portion of the nitrogen cycle

300 million – 50 billion

400 – 4,000

Biotic soil components

Typical number or length

(in one handful of soil)


BIOLOGI TANAH






Fungi• The most important group

involved in decomposing resistant compounds such as

lignin• Hyphae grow extensively

through soils, helping bind soil particles in aggregates

• Some specialized fungi grow symbiotically with plant roots, increasing nutrient and water uptake and decreasing disease

incidence

500,000 – 100 million 500 – 5,000

BIOLOGI TANAH






Actinomycetes• Type of bacteria with growth form similar to fungi; functions similar

to both• Produce compounds

that give soil its distinctive aroma

100 million – 2 billion 400 – 4,000

BIOLOGI TANAH






Protozoa• Help accelerate

decomposition when they graze on bacteria,

fungi and plant residues

100,000 – 50 million 5 – 100

BIOLOGI TANAH






Arthropods• Help accelerate decomposition when they (mites, collembolan

and other insects) graze on bacteria, fungi and plant residues

• Collembola, shown in this photograph, are an important

arthropod in plant residue decomposition

100 – 1,000 1 – 10

BIOLOGI TANAH






Earthworms• Burrowing activity

mixes soils and creates macropores that increase

water infiltration and flow and help aerate soil• Soil passage through

guts increases aggregation and nutrient

cycling

0 – 2 10 – 40

MicroorganismsMost important function is the breakdown of organic

materials, a process by which the limited supply of CO2 available for photosynthesis is replenished (Alexander, 1977).

Five major groups of microorganisms in the soil are:1. Bacteria2. Actinomycetes3. Fungi4. Algae5. Protozoa

Bacteri Tanah : 108 to 1010 / g tanah.


MikroorganismeHeterotroph: (chemoorganotrophic) require preformed organic nutrients to

serve as sources of energy and carbon1. Fungi

2. Protozoa3. Most Bacteria

Autotroph: (lithotrophic) obtain their energy from sunlight or by the oxidation of inorganic compounds and their carbon by the assimilation of CO2

Photoautotroph: energy derived from sunlight1. Algae (blue-green, cyanobacteria)

2. Higher Plants3. Some Bacteria

Chemoautotroph: energy for growth obtained by the oxidation of inorganic materials.

1. Few Bacterial species (agronomic importance)a. nitrobacter, nitrosomonas and thiobacillus

CO2O2

Detritus (Plant Debris)

FungiEarthworms

Bacteria

Soil Humus

energy

Peran Organisme Tanah

Mikro-Organisme Tanah


CH2O

CO2

O2

H2O

NO3-CH2O

CO2 N2

Fe(OH)3CH2O

CO2 Fe2+

CH2O

CO2

SO42-

H2S

Energy Yields

Donor Acceptor

700

400

100

Eh (mV)* Condition

oxic

suboxic

anoxic

*pH 7

Jaring-jaring Makanan dalam Tanah


Organisme tanah dan Tanaman

Diunduh dari sumber: http://www.soilandhealth.org/01aglibrary/010117attrasoilmanual/010117attra.html …… 26/10/2012

Tanah mengandung beragam organisme

hidup yang berfungsi mendaur-

ulang unsur hara dari tanah ke tanaman dan sebaliknya.

INTERAKSI Fungi-Tanaman

Mycorrhizae(root fungus)

- extension of root system

- fungus enhances nutrient and water intake

- plants provide carbon source

Nearly 90% of native plants have mycorrhizae association

…. Diunduh 15/2/2012

Ekto-mycorhiza

- association at exterior of root- develop on evergreen trees and shrubs

Mycorrhiza

- Associations occur in root interior between cells- Develop on deciduous trees, annual and herbaceous plants

Endomycorrhizae

organisme tanah bahan kajian mk. dasar ilmu tanah smno.jurtnh.fpub2013

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