modul 07 transmisi pengenalan teknik telkom

7/26/2019 Modul 07 Transmisi Pengenalan Teknik Telkom

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PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

Transmisi

Faculty of Electrical and Communication

BANDUNG, 2013

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BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI

TI Tx

Media

Communication

Transducer

Input

Transmitter

Message

Input

Sinyal

Input

Sinyal

Kirim

RxTO

Transducer

Output Receiver

Message

Output

Loss,

Distorsi,

Noise,

Interferensi

Sinyal

Output

Signal

Terima

Message : informasi seperti suara, data, gambar, video, kode

Signal : bentuk listrik dari informasi

Transducer : mengubah informasi menjadi sinyal listrik dan sebaliknya

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BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI RADIO ANALOG

Baseband

from

MultiplexBaseband

Equipment

Modulator

Analog

IF Equipment

LimiterUp-

ConverterPA

Local

Oscillator

Waveguide

Filter

Local

Oscillator

Waveguide

Filter

Down -

ConverterDemodulat

or Analog

IF Filter &

Amplifier

Baseband

Equipment

Base band to

Demultiplex

ANTENNA

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Modulasi / Demodulasi

Modulasi adalah proses menumpangkan sinyalinformasi kedalam gelombang pembawa

Demodulasi adalah proses mengambil kembali

sinyal informasi yang ditumpangkan

Teknik Modulasi Demodulasi dilakukan den an

mengubah parameter gelombang pembawa, antara

lain :

AmplitudoFrekwensi

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PCM Sisi Kirim

Sampling,Compressing, Quantizing, Coding Sisi Terima

Decoding,Expanding,Low Pass Filter

CH.1 LPF

RExpandorCh Gate Decoding

CH.n LPF

CH.1

CH.n

LPF

LPF

Transmisi

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Sampling

Adalah proses modulasi amplitudo yangmerupakan langkah persiapan untuk merubah

sinyal analog menjadi sinyal digital atau sinyal

PAM

Sin al PAM

LPFSinyal Input

Freq Sampling

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Quantizing Adalah proses awal untuk merubah sinyal PAM

menjadi susunan digit, dimana sinyal hasilsampling dihargakan pada tegangan pembanding

terdekat

Quantisasi Uniform

-

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Coding

Pada tahapan ini semua sinyal yang sudah dikuantisasi

diubah menjadi kode 8 bit

S A B C W X Y Z

S = Polaritas sinyal PAM

ABC = Nomor Segmen dalam 0 s/d 7 (biner) WXYZ = Nomor interval 0 s/d 15 (Biner)

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Multiplexing Adalah proses penggabungan beberapa saluran atau kanal

pembicaraan (VBW) menjadi satu kedalam bentuk sinyal lain,

untuk disalurkan secara bersamaan tanpa saling mengganggu

Jenis-jenis Multiplexer

FDM (Frequency Division Multiplex)

TDM (Time Division Multiplex)

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Multiplexing

Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on acarrier.

There are two standard types of multiplexing.

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): themedium carries a number of si nals which have

different frequencies; the signals are carriedsimultaneously.

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): differentsignals are transmitted over the same medium butthey do so at different times they take turns.

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Multiplexing

There are several data inputs and one of them isrouted to the output (possibly the sharedcommunication channel).

Like selecting a television channel (although that

example is FDM). n a on o a a npu s, ere mus ese ec

inputs.

The select inputs determine which data input gets

through. How many select pins are needed?

Depends on number of data inputs.

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Mutiplexing

Multiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible sources.

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Typical Application of a MUX

MP3 Player

Docking Station

Multiple Sources Single DestinationSelector

Laptop

Sound Card

DigitalSatellite

Digital

Cable TV

Surround Sound System

MUXD1

D2

D3

Y

B A Selected Source

0 0 MP3

0 1 Laptop

1 0 Satellite

1 1 Cable TV

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4-to-1 Multiplexer (MUX)

MUX

D0

D1

D2

D3

Y

B A Y

0 0 D0

0 1 D1

1 0 D2

1 1 D3

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4-to-1 Multiplexer Waveforms

D0

D1

D2

Input

Data

D3

A

B

Y

D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3

Select

Line

Output

Data

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Demultiplexing

Demultiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible destinations.

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Typical Application of a DEMUX

Single Source Multiple DestinationsSelector

B/W Laser

Printer

Fax

Machine

D0

D1

D2

D3

X

DEMUX

B A Selected Destination

0 0 B/W Laser Printer

0 1 Fax Machine

1 0 Color Inkjet Printer

1 1 Pen Plotter

Color Inkjet

Printer

Pen

Plotter

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1-to-4 De-Multiplexer (DEMUX)

D0

D1

D2

D3

X

B A

DEMUX

B A D0 D1 D2 D3

0 0 X 0 0 0

0 1 0 X 0 0

1 0 0 0 X 0

1 1 0 0 0 X

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1-to-4 De-Multiplexer Waveforms

X

S0

S1

Select

Line

Input

Data

D0

D1

D2

D3

Output

Data

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Multiplexing TechniquesMultiplexing Techniques

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Each signal is allocated a different frequency band

Usually used with analog signals

Modulation equipment is needed to move eachsignal to the required frequency band (channel)

Multiple carriers are used, each is called sub-carrier

Multiplexing equipment is needed to combinethe modulated signals

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Usually used with digital signal is carrying digital data

Data from various sources are carried inrepetitive frames

Each frame consists of of a set of time slots

Each source is assigned one or more timeslots per frame

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FDM

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Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

All signals are sent simultaneously, each assigned its own

frequency

Using filters all signals can be retrieved

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FDM System OverviewFDM System Overview

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FDM example: multiplexing of three voiceFDM example: multiplexing of three voicesignalssignals The bandwidth of a voice signal

is generally taken to be 4KHz,with an effective spectrum of300-3400Hz

Such a signal is used to AMmodulate 64 KHz carrier

The bandwidth of the modulated

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the Lower Side Band (LSB) andUSB as in (b)

To make efficient use ofbandwidth, transmit only the LSB

If three voice signals are used tomodulate carriers at 64, 68 and72 KHz, and only the LSB istaken, the resulting spectrum

will be as shown in (c)PengTekTel-Modul:7


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TDM

12

CH.1

CH.2 12

CH.2

CH.1

43CH.3

CH.4

43 CH.4

CH.3

SISI KIRIM SISI TERIMA

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Time-Division Multiplexing

Transmitting digitized data over one medium

Wires or optical fibers

Pulses representing bits from different time slots

Two Types: Synchronous TDM

Asynchronous TDM

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Pengenalan PDH

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Pengenalan SDH

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BIT RATE SDH


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