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PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN

MANUSIA

Eko Handayani, M.Psi

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Dua metoda dalam riset tentang perkembanganmanusia:

Riset kuantitatif

Riset kualitatif

Riset kualitatif mengalami peningkatan dalam

penelitian perkembangan (Parke, 2004 dalamPapalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2007)

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Self-report: diaries, interviews,questionnaires

Naturalistic and laboratory observation

Behavioral and performance measures

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Studi kasus

Studi etnografis

Studi korelasional

Eksperimen

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Longitudinal studies

Meneliti orang atau kelompok yang samalebih dari satu kali, kadang-kadangselama bertahun-tahun

Menyatakan bagaimana orang berubahatau tetap sama sejalan denganpertambahan usia

Mengukur karakteristik tunggal

Cross-sectional studies Orang-orang yang berbeda usia

dinilai dalam satu waktu

Menunjukkan kemiripan dan

perbedaan antarkelompok usia

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TEORI PSIKOLOGI

PERKEMBANGAN

Psychoanalytic Freud psychosexual theoryEriksons psychosocial theory

Cognitive Piagets cognitive stage theoryInformation processing theory

Contextual Vygotskys sociocultural theory,

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12 18 bulan

1 - 3 tahun

3 6 tahun

6 puber

Setelah puber

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Humans have the potential to solve their own conflicts

and anxieties as they develop

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Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts the

individual with a crisis that must be facedI Trust vs MistrustInfancy

II Initiative vs GuiltEarly Childhood

IV Industry vs InferiorityMiddleChildhood

II Autonomy vs Shame & DoubtToddlerhood

V Identitiy vs Identity ConfusionAdolescence

VI Intimacy vs IsolationYoung Adulthood

VII Generativity vs StagnationMiddle Adulthood

VIII Integrity vs DespairLate Adulthood

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0 2 tahun Sensorimotor stage

2 7 tahun Preoperational stage

7 11 tahunConcrete Operational

stage

11 15 tahun Formal Operationalstage

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Learning is cognitive development

through social interaction

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Heinz Steals the DrugIn Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.

There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was aform of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently

discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was

charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 forthe radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sickwoman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow themoney, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half ofwhat it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked

him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, Idiscovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinzgot desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for hiswife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19)

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PRE CONVENTIONAL

CONVENTIONAL

POST CONVENTIONAL

I. OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT

II. INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTALISM& EXCHANGE

III. GOOD BOY / GIRL

IV. LAW & ORDER

V. SOCIAL CONTRACT

VI. PRINCIPLED CONSCIENCE

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