laporan tetap kimdas ayi

8/16/2019 Laporan Tetap Kimdas Ayi

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LAPORAN TETAP PRAKTIKUM

KIMIA DASAR 1

DISUSUN OLEH:

NAMA : AMATUL AKHIR

NIM : G1C012001

PROGRAM STUDI KIMIA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

2012


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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Laporan praktk!" "n##!an K"a Da$ar 1 n %$!$!n $&'a#a $a(a) $at! $*arat

!nt!k "&n#k!t praktk!" $&(an+!tn*a %an !nt!k "&"&n!) k&(&n#kapan t!#a$ pa%a

"ata k!(a) K"a Da$ar 1,

D$a)kan % : Matara"- .!"/at 21Okto'&r 2011

Koor%nator praktk!"

SAMSUL AHRI

Co,A$$ A3ara I Co,A$$ A3ara II

Ar$ta D&4 N!tta An%)na R5k*a Satran

6G1C0110078 6G1C0110028

Co,A$$ A3ara III Co,A$$ A3ara IV

N(a A#!$tna Ar'* S)a)a'

6G1C0110298 6G1C011008

Co,A$$ A3ara V

a; R&pka N!r!( F!r;an

6G1C0110098


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ACARA I

PEMISAHAN DAN PEMURNIAN


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ACARA I

PEMISAHAN DAN PEMURNIAN

A. PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM

1, T!+!an Praktk!" : Unt!k "&"p&(a+ar t&knk p&"$a)an %an p&"!rnan $!at! 5at %ar

3a"p!rann*a,2, $$ "aka

partk&(partk&( p&"'&nt!k 3a"p!ran "!%a) %p$a)kan k&"'a( $&3ara >$$, P&r'r%aan

t&r$&'!t '&r%a$arkan p&r'&%aan $>at >$$ %ar partk&( p&"'&nt!k 3a"p!ran *an# %apat

%(ak!kan %&n#an '&r'a#a 3ara 6 Ktt*- 1??@ : 1@ 8,

P&"!rnan $an#at p&ntn#- kar&na $!at! r&ak$ *an# "&n#)a$(kan pro%!k

$a"pn#an *an# t%ak %n#nkan '&r$a"a %&n#an pro%!k *an# %)arapakan, T&r$&%a

'&r'a#a t&knk p&"!rnan- %antaran*a %&$t(a$- &k$trak$- %an (an(an, Ek$trak$

%#!nakan !nt!k "&"$a)kan $&n*a4a *an# "&"&p!n*a k&(ar!tan *an# '&r'&%a'&%a

%a(a" '&r'a#a p&(ar!t, S&rn# ka( $&n*a4a *an# )&n%ak %&k$trak$ %!'a) $&3ara k"a

(&') %!(! a#ar (ar!t %a(a" ar %an p&(ar!t or#an3 6 r&$n3k- 1??@ : ? 8,D&$t(a$ $&%&r)ana ata! %&$t(a$ 'a$a a%a(a) t&knk p&"$a)an k"a !nt!k

"&"$a)kan %!a ata! (&') ko"pon&n *an# "&"(k p&r'&%aan ttk %%) *an# 3!k!p +a!),

S!at! 3a"p!ran %apat %p$a)kan %&n#an 3ara %&$t(a$ 'a$a n !nt!k "&"p&ro(&) $&n*a4a

"!rnn*a, S&n*a4a$&n*a4a *an# t&r%apat %a(a" 3a"p!ran akan "&n#&n%ap pa%a $aat

"&n3apa ttk %%) "a$n#"a$n#, P&"$a)an $&n*a4a %&n#an 3ara %&$t(a$ $an#at

'&r#ant!n# pa%a p&r'&%aan t&kanan !ap $&n*a4a %(a" 3a"p!ran 6 Ra)a*!- 2011 :1@B1@? 8,


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R&kr$ta($a$ a%a(a) pro$&$ p&rt!"'!)an kr$ta(kr$ta( 'ar! %ar kr$ta(kr$ta(

$&'&(!"n*a *an# t&(a) "&n#a(a" %&>or"a$, Pro$&$ r&kr$ta($a$ "&"'!t!)kan p&r#&rakan

%an p&n*!$!nan k&"'a( ato"ato", P&n*!$!nan k&"'a( !nt!k r&kr$ta($a$ (&') "!%a)

t&r+a% pa%a $!)! tn## 6 V(a3k- 2007 : 2?B2?? 8,

D&kanta$ a%a(a) pro$&$ p&"$a)an $!at! 5at %ar 3a"p!rann*a %&n#an 5at (an

$&3ara p&n#&n%apan %%a$arkan pa%a "a$$a +&n$ *an# (&') k&3( akan '&ra%a pa%a (ap$an

'a#an 'a4a) ata! "rn#&n%ap, S&a(n t! 5at t&r(ar!t 6 *an# %p$a)kan 8 %pro$&$ "&n+a%

'&nt!k *an# tak (ar!- (a(! %p$a)kan %ar (ar!tan 6 a)t- 1??B : 2 8,

F(tra$ "&r!pakan p&"$a)an *an# %%a$arkan pa%a !k!ran partk&(partk&( *an#

"rn##!nakan k&rta$ $arn#- $&%an#kan $&ntr>!#a$ %#!nakan !nt!k "&"$a)kan $!$p&n$

*an# +!"(a)n*a $&%kt, S&ntr>!#a$ %#!nakakn !nt!k "&"!tar %&n#an 3&pat )n##a #a*a

$&ntr>!#a( '&'&&apa ka( (&') '&$ar %ar #!r$a '&rat- %#!nakakn !n!tk "&n#&n%apkan

partk&( t&r$!$p&n$ 6


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*, Ta'!n# r&ka$

5, T$!

a', T&r"o"&t&r

a3, T"'an#an ana(tk

2, a)an'a)an Praktk!"

a, A(ko)o( 6C2HOH86(8 ?@ ', A;!a%&$ 6H2O86(83, at! %%) 6pa%atan8

%, !'!k kap!r 6CaCO8

&, !'!k t&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at 6C!SO78>, !tran o%!" 6I28

#, K(oro>or" 6CHC(86(8), Pa%atan natr!" k(or%a 6NaC(8 kotor

D. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN

1, F(tra$ %an S&ntr>!#a$ !'!k Kap!r 6CaCO8

a, D"a$!kkan $&n%ok '!'!k kap!r k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a %an %"a$!kkan 2 "L

a;!a%&$ *an# t&(a) %!k!r %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r, ', Da%!k (ar!tan t&r$&'!t a#ar t%ak "&n#&n%ap,

3, Da"'( (ar!tan t&r$&'!t $&'an*ak "L %&n#an pp&t t&t&$ %an %"a$!kkan k& %a(a"

ta'!n# r&ak$- $&rta "L !nt!k ta'!n# r&ak$ (ann*a $&'a#a p&n*&"'an#- $aat %

%a(a" $&ntr>!#&,

%, D"a$!kkan k& %a(a" $&ntr>!#& k&%!a ta'!n# t&r$&'!t- $at! $&'a#a p&n*&"'an#

%an $at! (a# %#!nakan !nt!k p&r3o'aan,

&, D'&rkan t$! $&'a#a a(a$ pa%a k&%!a ta'!n# a#ar t%ak "&n#a(a" #&$&kan *an#

3!k!p '&$ar %&n#an $&ntr>!#&,>, D$&ntr>!#a$ $&(a"a "&nt- %an %a"kan $a"pa '&nar'&nar '&r)&nt '&rp!tar,

En%apan %an $&ntrat %p$a)kan %&n#an 3ara %&kanta$- $&ntrat %'arkan,

#, D>(tra$ 1 "L (ar!tan *an# t&r$$a %an %'!an# r&$%!n*a- $&%an#kan >(trat

%'arkan,

), D'an%n#kan >(trat %&n#an $&ntrat,

2, R&kr$ta($a$ Gara" Dap!r 6NaC(8 kotor

a, D"a$!kkan #ara" %ap!r kotor $&3!k!pn*a k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a %an %(ar!tkan

%&n#an ar $&%kt "!n#kn,

', D>(tra$ ata! %$arn# (ar!tan #ara" t&r$&'!t,

3, Dpana$kan >(trat $a"pa t&r'&nt!k kr$ta( #ara" (a#,

%, D'an%n#kan #ara" $&t&(a) %>(tra$ %&n#an *an# $&'&(!" %>(tra$,


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, R&kr$ta($a$ T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at 6C!SO7 6$88

a, Dt"'an# $&'an*ak 1 #ra" T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at %&n#an t"'an#an ana(tk, ', D"a$!kkan k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a- %(ar!tkan %&n#an ar $&%kt "!n#kn, K&"!%an

(ar!tan t&r$&'!t %!apkan %an %ta"'a)kan 2 '!tr 'at! %%),

3, D'an%n#kan T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at $&'&(!" %an $&$!%a) %r&kr$ta($a$,

7, Ek$trak$ Io%!" 6I2 6$88

a, D!k!r "L a;!a%&$ %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r %an %"a$!kkan k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$, ', D"a$!kkan '&'&rapa '!tr Io%!" k& %a(a" ta'!n# t&r$&'!t- #o*an#kan %an a"at,

3, Dt&t&$kan '&'&rapa t&t&$ k(oro>or" %an %a"at,

, D&$t(a$ A(ko)o( ?@

a, D!k!r a(ko)o( $&'an*ak 1 "L %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r %an %t!an#kan k& %a(a" #&(a$

k"a, K&"!%an %!k!r ar $&'an*ak "L %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r %an %t!an#kan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a *an# t&(a) %$ a(ko)o(,

', Dpana$kan %&n#an a(at %&$t(a$ 'a$a- %!$a)akan $!)!n*a t%ak % ata$ ?00 C,3, D!k!r =o(!"& %&$t(at *an# %%apatkan %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r,

E. HASIL PENGAMATAN

NO PROSEDUR PERCOAAN HASIL PENGAMATAN

I, F(tra$ %an S&ntr>!#a$ !'!k Kap!r

6CaCO81, D"a$!kkan $&n%ok '!'!k kap!r k&

%a(a" #&(a$ k"a %an %"a$!kkan 2 "L

a;!a%&$ *an# t&(a) %!k!r %&n#an #&(a$

!k!r,

Da%!k (ar!tan t&r$&'!t a#ar t%ak

"&n#&n%ap,

Da"'( (ar!tan t&r$&'!t $&'an*ak "L

%&n#an pp&t t&t&$ %an %"a$!kkan k&%a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$- $&rta "L !nt!k

ta'!n# r&ak$ (ann*a $&'a#a

p&n*&"'an#- $aat % %a(a" $&ntr>!#&,

CaCO ar '&r4arna p!t),

2, D"a$!kkan k& %a(a" $&ntr>!#& k&%!a

ta'!n# t&r$&'!t- $at! $&'a#a p&n*&"'an#

"L 3a"p!ran CaCO ar

%$&ntr>!#a$ $&)n##a t&r'&nt!k


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%an $at! (a# %#!nakan !nt!k p&r3o'aan,

D'&rkan t$! $&'a#a a(a$ pa%a k&%!a

ta'!n# a#ar t%ak "&n#a(a" #&$&kan *an#

3!k!p '&$ar %&n#an $&ntr>!#&,

D$&ntr>!#a$ $&(a"a "&nt- %an%a"kan $a"pa '&nar'&nar '&r)&nt

'&rp!tar, En%apan %an $&ntrat %p$a)kan

%&n#an 3ara %&kanta$- $&ntrat %'arkan,

&n%apan,

, D>(tra$ 1 "L (ar!tan *an# t&r$$a %an

%'!an# r&$%!n*a- $&%an#kan >(trat

%'arkan, K&"!%an %'an%n#kan >(trat

%&n#an $&ntrat,

S$a 3a"p!ran CaCO ar %>(tra$

"&n#)a$(kan >(trat, Dar p&r3o'aan n %%apatkan >(trat

*an# (&') +&rn) %'an%n#kan

$&ntrat,

II, R&kr$ta($a$ Gara" Dap!r 6NaC(8 kotor

1, D"a$!kkan #ara" %ap!r kotor

$&3!k!pn*a k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a %an

%(ar!tkan %&n#an ar $&%kt "!n#kn,

D>(tra$ ata! %$arn# (ar!tan #ara"

t&r$&'!t,

Dpana$kan >(trat $a"pa t&r'&nt!k kr$ta(

#ara" (a#,D'an%n#kan #ara" $&t&(a) %>(tra$

%&n#an *an# $&'&(!" %>(tra$,

NaC( kotor ar "&n#)a$(kan

(ar!tan NaC(, K&"!%an %$arn# "&n#)a$(kan

#arra" *an# (&') '&rr$),

K&"!%an $&t&(a) %pana$kan

%%apatkan '!tran #ara" *an# (&')

)a(!$ %an '&r$),

III, R&kr$ta($a$ T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at 6C!SO7

6$88

1, Dt"'an# $&'an*ak 1 #ra" T&"'a#a 6II8

$!(>at %&n#an t"'an#an ana(tk,D"a$!kkan k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a-

%(ar!tkan %&n#an ar $&%kt "!n#kn,

K&"!%an (ar!tan t&r$&'!t %!apkan %an

%ta"'a)kan 2 '!tr 'at! %%),

D'an%n#kan T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at $&'&(!"

%an $&$!%a) %r&kr$ta($a$,

C!SO7 ar "&n#)a$(kan 4arna

'r!,

Dta"'a)kan 'at! %%) k&"!%an

%!apkan $&)n##a C!SO7 "&n+a%

'r! "!%a

IV, Ek$trak$ Io%!" 6I2 6$88

1, D!k!r "L a;!a%&$ %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r Io%!" ar "&n#)a$(kan 4arna


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%an %"a$!kkan k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$,

D"a$!kkan '&'&rapa '!tr Io%!" k&

%a(a" ta'!n# t&r$&'!t- #o*an#kan %an

a"at,

Dt&t&$kan '&'&rapa t&t&$ k(oro>or" %an%a"at

k!nn# '&nn#,

S&t&(a) %3a"p!r CHC( (ar!tan

"&n+a% t&rp$a)-

V, D&$t(a$ A(ko)o( ?@

1, D!k!r a(ko)o( $&'an*ak 1 "L %&n#an

#&(a$ !k!r %an %t!an#kan k& %a(a" #&(a$

k"a, K&"!%an %!k!r ar $&'an*ak

"L %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r %an %t!an#kan k&

%a(a" #&(a$ k"a *an# t&(a) %$ a(ko)o(,

Dpana$kan %&n#an a(at %&$t(a$ 'a$a-

%!$a)akan $!)!n*a t%ak % ata$ ?00 C,

D!k!r =o(!"& %&$t(at *an# %%apatkan

%&n#an #&(a$ !k!r,

Vo(!"& a4a( (artan a%a(a) 20 "L, S&%an#kan =o(!"& ata! %&$t(at *an#

%%apatkan $&'an*ak 12 M(,

F. ANALISIS DATA

a, Ga"'ar $&t a(at %&$t(a$ $&%&r)ana

K&t&ran#an:

1, Tan# $tat> : $&'a#a p&n*an##a a(at %&$t(a$,

2, T&r"o"&t&r : $&'a#a p&n#!k!r $!)! (ar!tan,, K(&" : $&'a#a p&na)an (a'! %&$t(a$,

7, La'! %&$t(a$ : $&'a#a t&"pat (ar!tan *an# akan %pana$kan,

, Lar!tan 3a"p!ran C2HOH %an H2O : *an# akan %%&$t(a$,

@, Mant(& : a(at p&"ana$,9, Don#krak : t&"pat "ant(&,

B, S&(an# ar k&(!ar : !nt!k "&n#&(!arkan ar,

?, Kon%&n$or : "&n%n#nkan !ap (ar!tan,

10, La'! &r(&n"&*&r : t&"pat %&$t(at,11, Kran : !nt!k "&"a$!kkan ar,

12, D&$t(at : )a$( %ar %&$t(a$ a(ko)o( %an ar,1, S&(an# ar "a$!k : "&"a$!kkan ar,

17, Sakra( : $&'a#a a(ran ata! p&n#a(r ($trk,

', P&r)t!n#an


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%k&ta)! : Vo(!"& a4a( a(3o)o( 1 "L

Vo(!"& ar "L

a(ko)o( ?@

1, Vo(!"& &tano( "!rn

V Vo(!"& a4a( a(ko)o(

1 ?@

17-7 "L

2, Vo(!"& 3a"p!ran V Vo(!"& &tano( Vo(!"& ar

1

20 "L

, Vo(!"& %&$t(at 12 "L

4. alkoholdancampuran=Volumeetanolmurni

Volume campuran x100

¿14,4

20 x100

92

, a(ko)o( $&t&(a) %&$t(a$

alkohol= Volume destilat

Volume etanolmurni x 100

¿ 11

14,4 x100

9@-B

G. PEMBAHASANT&knk p&"$a)an %an p&"!rnan *an# %k&ta)! a%a '&'&rapa 3ara- %antaran*a

>(tra$- %&$t(a$- $!'("a$- kro"ato#ra>- %&kanta$- $&ntr>!#a$- %an &k$trak$, Pa%a

p&r3o'aan ka( n- t&knk p&"$a)an *an# %#!nakan a%a(a) >(tra$- %&$t(a$- %&kanta$-

$&ntr>!#a$- r&kr$ta($a$- %an &k$trak$,


11/109

Ca"p!ran "&r!pakan $!at! "at&r *an# %'!at %ar p&n##a'!n#an %!a 5at

'&r(anan ata! (&') "&n+a% $!at! 5at >$k,Ca"p!ran %'&%akan "&n+a% %!a- *at!

3a"p!ran )o"o#&n* 6(ar!tan8 %an 3a"p!ran )&t&ro#&n,

Pa%a praktk!" n t&r%apat p&r3o'aan- *at! >(tra$ %an $&ntr>!#a$ '!'!k

kap!r 6CaCO8- r&kr$ta($a$ #ara" %ap!r kotor 6 NaC(8- r&kr$ta($a$ T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at

6C!SO78- &k$trak$ Io%!" 6I28 %an %&$t(a$ a(ko)o( ?@,

Pa%a p&r3o'aan p&rta"a- *at! >(tra$ %an $&ntr>!#a$ '!'!k kap!r 6CaCO8

%&n#an 3ara %%&kanta$ %!(! $&t&(a) %$&ntr>!#a$, F(tra$ a%a(a) pro$&$ p&"$a)an *an#

%%a$arkan pa%a p&r'&%aan !k!ran *an# "&n##!nakan k&rta$ $arn#, P&rta"a ka(- (ar!tan

kap!r %$&ntr>!#a$ $&'an**ak "L $&(a"a "&nt k&"!%an %%&kanta$- %p$a)kan

antara $&ntrat %&n#an >(trat&, Prn$p $&ntr>!#a$ a%a(a) %"ana o'+&k %p!tar $&3ara

)or5onta( pa%a +arak t&rt&nt!- apa'(a o'+&k '&rta$ %%a(a" ta'!n# ata! $(n%&r *an# '&r$

3a"p!ran 3aran %an partk&(- "aka 3a"p!ran t&r$&'!t %apt '&r#&rak "&n!+! p!$at rota$-

na"!n )a( t&r$&'!t t%ak t&r+a% kar&na a%an*a #a* *an# '&r(a4anan *an# "&n!+! k&ara)

%n%n# (!ar $(n%&r ata! ta'!n#- #a*a t&r$&'!t a%a(a) #a*a $&ntr>!#a$, Ga*a n($) *$n#

"&n*&'a'kan partkr(partk&( "&n!+! %n%n# ta'!n# %an t&rk!"!(a$ "&"'&nt!k &n%apan,

Dar p&r3o'aan n- %%apatkan >(trat& (&') +&rn) %'an%n#kan %&n#an $&ntrat, In

%$&'a'kan kar&an pro$&$ >(tra$ ata! a%an*a p&n*arn#an- $&%an#kan $&ntrat *an# %%apat

)an*a %%&kanta$ *an# "&"!n#knkan a%an*a &n%apan *an# k!t, Ha( n "&nan%akan

'a)4a tn#kat k&"!rnan 5at )a$( >(tra$ (&') tn## %arpa%a )a$( %ar $&ntr>!#a$,

Pa%a p&r3o'aan k&%!a- *at! r&kr$ta($a$ #ara" %ap!r kotor 6NaC(8 %&n#an 3ara

%>(tra$ k&"!%an >(tratn*a %pana$kan $a"pa k&rn#, Dar )a$( p&r3o'aan k&%!a n-

%%apatkan #ara" *an# (&') 'ak, Kar&na $&'&(!" %pana$kan (ar!tan #ara" %>(tra$

$&)n##a *an# %pana$kan )an*a (ar!tan #ara" *an# '&nar'&nar '&r$),

Pa%a p&r3o'aan k&t#a- *at! r&kr$ta($a$ T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at *an# %ta"'a)kan

7 '!tr 'at! %%), at! %%) %#!nakan !nt!k "&"'ant! "&n3a) p&"ana$an *an#

'&r(&')an %an "&"'ant! $!pa*a pro$&$ p&"ana$an "&rata, at! %%) t&r'&nt!k %ar

a(!"na- ka($!" kar'onat 6CaCO8- ka($!" $!(>at 6CaSO78- por$&(&n ata! kar'on %an

$&rn# "&"(k (ap$aan r&akt> %ar PTFE, at! %%) %ta"'a)kan $&t&(a) T&"'a#a 6II8

$!(>at 6C!SO78 %(ar!tkan %a(a" a;!a%&$ k&"!%an %pana$kan$a"pa "&"'&nt!k T&"'a#a

6II8 $!(>at, S&t&(a) %r&kr$ta($a$ '&r4arna (&') "!%a 'a)kan t&r%apat '!tran kr$ta( *an#


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'&r4arna p!t), Ha( t&r$&'!t %$&'a'kan o(&) p&(ar!t a;!a%&$ 6H2O8- $&)n##a 4arnan*a

p!%ar, at po(ar- $&%an#kan o%!" '&r$>at non po(ar-,

A#ar o%!" t&r$&'!t %apat (ar!t- %ta"'a)kan 1 "L k(oro>or" 6CHC( 8, Io%!" *an#

%(ar!tkan %&n#an a;!a%&$ "&n#ak'atkan (ar!tann*a "&n+a% '&nn# k&k!nn#an- t&tap

$&t&(a) %ta"'a)kan k(oro>or"- %%a$ar ta'!n# t&r'&nt!k +&(, In %$&'a'kan kar&na o%!"

'&r&ak$ %&n#an k(oro>or",

Pa%a p&r3o'aan k&("a- *at! %&$t(a$ a(ko)o( ?@, Pa%a p&r3o'aan n

%%apatkan %&$t(at $&'an*ak 12 "L, Ha$( n %%apatkan %ar %&$t(a$ (ar!tan 3a"p!ran

a(ko)o( 1 "L %&n#an a;!a%&$ "L, A(ko)o( %an a;!a%&$ "&r!pakan $&n*a4a po(ar

$&)n##a $aat k&%!a (ar!tan n %3a"p!r- a(ko)o( %apat (ar!t %a(a" a;!a%&$, Pa%a $aat

(ar!tan %%&$t(a$- % !$a)akan $!)!n*a %'a4a) ?0 0C, Ha( t&r$&'!t %kar&nakan ttk %%)

&tano( a%a(a)9B- 0C $&%an#kan ttk %%) ar a%a(a) 100 0C, .ka $!)!n*a %ata$ ?00C "aka

ar akan "&n%%)- !apn*a akan '&r3a"p!r %&n#an $&)n##a *an# %%apatkan '!kan a(ko)o(

"!rn, Pa%a p&r3o'aan n- $&)ar!$n*a %%apatkan a(ko)o( $&'an*ak 1 "L akan t&tap- pa%a

k&n*ataann*a )an*a %%apatakan 12 "L, Ha( t&r$&'!t %$&'a'kan kar&na pa%a pro$&$

%&$t(a$ $!)! pa%a ta'!n# %&$t(at $&rn# %nak t!r!nkan 6t%ak $ta'(8 $&)n##a !ap &tano(

*an# %)a$(kan t%ak $&(!r!)n*a "a$!k k&%a(a" kon%&n$or (&'#,

H. KESIMPULAN

&r%a$arkan p&r3o'aan *an# t&(a) %(ak!kan- %apat %a"'( k&$"p!(an 'a)4a

5at5at *an# t&(a) t&r3a"p!r %an t&r3&"ar %apat %p$a)kan %&n#an "&to%& p&"$a)an %an

p&"!rnan, P&"$a)an %(ak!kan !nt!k "&"$a)kan 3a"p!ran- $&%an#kan p&"!rnan

%(ak!kan !nt!k "&"!rnkan $!at! 3a"p!ran,


13/109

ACARA II


14/109

REAKSI – REAKSI KIMIA

ACARA II

REAKSI-REAKSI KIMIA


1, T!+!an Praktk!" : a, Unt!k "&n#&na( '&r'a#a r&ak$ k"a,

', Unt!k "&n&nt!kan $toko"&tr r&ak$,2,


15/109

k"a %ar pro%!k r&ak$ %an r!"!$ k"a %ar p&r&ak$- $&'&(!" p&r$a"aan r&ak$ $nt&$$

6p&"'&nt!kan $&n*a4a %ar '&'&rapa !n$!r8- r&ak$ "&tat&$$ 6p&"'&nt!kan $&n*a4a kar&na

p&rt!karan onon antar $&n*a4a8- r&ak$ p&n&tra(an 6p&"'&nt!kan '&ra$a( %ar a$a"'a$a8-

%an r&ak$ r&%ok$ 6p&"'&nt!kan %a(a" '&nt!k r&%!k$ %an ok$%a$8 6A)"a%- 2001: 128,

R&ak$ k"a "&r!pakan r&ak$ $&n*a4a %a(a" (ar!tan 6ar8, P&r!'a)an *an# t&r+a%

a%a(a) '!kt t&r+a%n*a r&ak$ k"a, Da(a" ("! k"a- r&ak$ "&r!pakan $a(a) $at! 3ara

!nt!k "&n#&ta)! $>at$>at k"a %ar $!at! ata! '&r'a#a 5at, P&r!'a)an %a(a" r&ak$ k"a

%apat '&r!pa p&r!'a)an 4arna- t"'!(n*a pana$- t"'!(n*a #a$- t&r+a%n*a &n%apan %an

$&'a#an*a, R&ak$ k"a $&3ara !"!" %'a# 2- *at! r&ak$ a$a"'a$a %an r&ak$ r&%ok$,

Pa%a r&ak$ r&%ok$ t&r+a% p&r!'a)an '(ok$ 6'(an#an ok$%a$8- $&%an#kan pa%a r&ak$ a$a"

'a$a t%ak a%a p&r!'a)an '(ok$, K&%!an*a n t&r%apat k& %a(a" 7 tp& r&ak$- *at! :

1, R&ak$ Snt&t$R&ak$ %"ana %!a ata! (&') 5at t!n##a( %a(a" $!at! r&ak$ k"a 6ko"'na$- ko"po$$8,

Un$!r Un$!r à S&n*a4a "$a(n*a : F&6$8 S6$8 à F&S6$8

S&n*a4a S&n*a4a à S&n*a4a *an# (&') ko"p(&k$"$a(n*a : 2KI P'6NO82 à 2KNO P'I2

2, R&ak$ D&ko"po$$R&ak$ *an# "&n#)a$(kan %!a ata! (&') 5at *an# t&r'&nt!k %ar $!at! 5at t!n##a(,

S&n*a4a à D!a ata! (&') 5at *an# (&') $&%&r)ana"$a(n*a : C2H@ à 2C H2

, R&ak$ P&n##antan T!n##a(

R&ak$ %"ana $!atr! !n$!r "&n##antkan !n$!r& (ann*a,

Un$!r S&n*a4a à S&n*a4a Un$!r - ata! S&n*a4a Un$!r à Un$!r S&n*a4a

"$a(n*a : C!6$8 2A#NO6a;8 à C!6NO826a;8 A#6$8

7, R&ak$ P&n##antan Gan%a

R&ak$ %"ana onon po$t> %ar %!a $&n*a4a $a(n# %p&rt!karkan,

S&n*a4a S&n*a4a à S&n*a4a S&n*a4a"$a(n*a : HC( 6a;8 NaOH6a;8 à NaC(6a;8 H2O6(8

Cara t&rn#ka$ !nt!k "&"'&rkan $!at! r&ak$ k"a a%a(a) %&n#an "&n!($ $!at!

p&r$a"aan k"a '&r"'an# *an# "&r!pakan p&rn*ataan k!a(tat> "a!p!n k!anttat>

"&n#&na p&r&ak$ *an# t&r('at, Tap 5at %4ak( o(&) r!"!$ "o(&k!(n*a, M&n*atakan


16/109

'an*akn*a ato"ato" %ar tap "a3a" %a(a" $!at! $at!an 5at t!, R!"!$ "o(&k!(n*a

"&r!pakan k&(patan '(an#an '!(at r!"!$ &"p&r$ 5at t! *an# "&n*atakan +!"(a) "n"a(

*an# "!n#kn %a(a" p&r'an%n#an *an# '&nar ato"ato" %ar tap "a3a"n*a, T#a k&(a$

!"!" r&ak$ *an# %+!"pa %&n#an "&(a!$ %a(a" k"a a(a) r&ak$ ko"'na$ (an#$!n#-

r&ak$ p&n!kar#antan $&%&r)ana %an r&ak$ p&n!kar#antan ran#kap, H!'!n#an k!anttat>

antara p&r&ak$ %an )a$( r&ak$ %a(a" $!at! p&r$a"aan k"a '&r"'an# "&"'&rkan %a$ar

$toko"&tr, P&r)t!n#an $toko"&ntr "&n#)ar!$kan p&n##!naan 'o'ot ato" !n$!r %an

'o'ot "o(&k!( $&n*a4a, an*akn*a $!at! )a$( r&ak$ t&rt&nt! *an# "&n!r!t p&r)t!n#an

akan %p&ro(&) %a(a" $!at! r&ak$ k"a r&n%&"&n t&ort$ !nt!k $!at! r&ak$ k"a, P&ntn#

!nt!k "&n#&ta)! "ana *an# "&r!pakan p&r&ak$ p&"'ata$ *akn p&r&ak$ *an# $&3ara

t&ort$ %apat '&r&ak$ $a"pa )a'$- $&%an#kan p&r&ak$p&r&ak$ (an '&r(&') 6K&&nan- 1??2

: 11?1218,

Stoko"&tr $!at! r&ak$ %apat %p&(a+ar %&n#an "!%a)- $a(a) $at!n*a %&n#an

"&to%& .O ata! "&to%& Vara$ kontn!- *an# "&kan$"&n*a *at! %&n#an %(ak!kann*a

p&n#a"atan t&r)a%ap k!antta$ "o(ar p&r&ak$ *an# '&r!'a)!'a)- na"!n "o(ar tota(n*a

$a"a, S>ak >$k t&t&nt!n*a 6"a$$a- =o(!"&- $!)!-%a*a $&rap8 %p&rk$a- %an p&r!'a)ann*a

!nt!k "&ra"a( $toko"&tr $$t&", Dar #ra>k a(!ran $>at >$k t&r)a%ap k!antta$ p&r&ak$

akan %p&ro(&) ttk "ak$"a( ata! "n"a( *an# $&$!a ttk $toko"&tr $$t&"- *an#

"&n*atakan p&r'an%n#an p&r&ak$&&ak$ $&n*a4a, P&r!'a)an ka(or pa%a r&ak$ k"a

'&r#ant!n# +!"(a) p&r&ak$n*a, .ka *an# '&r&ak$ %!'a) %&n#an =o(!"& t&tap- $toko"&tr

%apat %t&nt!kan %ar ttk p&r!'a)an ka(or "ak$"a(- *akn %&n#an "&n#a(!rkan k&nakan

t&"p&rat!r& t&r)a%ap ko"po$$ 3a"p!ran 6 .a"&$- 200 : 108,

T&or A$a"a$a

1, Arr)&n!$

M&n!r!t t&or Arr)&n!$- 5at *an# %a(a" ar "&n#)a$(kan on H %$&'!t a$a"

%an 'a$a a%a(a) 5at *an# %a(a" ar t&ron$a$ "&n#)a$(kan on OH ,

"$a(n*a

A$a"HC(6a;8 à H 6a;8 C( 6a;8

a$a NaOH6a;8 à Na 6a;8 OH 6a;8

2, ron$t&%Lo4r*


17/109

A$a" n a(a) proton %onor- $&%an#kan 'a$a a%a(a) proton ak$&ptor, T&or

a$a" 'a$a %ar Arr)&n!$ t&rn*ata t%ak %apat '&r(ak! !nt!k $&"!a p&(ar!t- kar&na k)!$!$

!nt!k p&(ar!t ar,

3onto)n*a :

HF H2O ⇄ HO F

, G, N, L&4$

A$a" "&r!pakan p&n&r"a pa$an#an &(&ktron %an 'a$a a%a(a) %onor pa$an#an

&(&kton, Na"pak %$n 'a)4a a$a" ron$t&% "&r!pakan a$a" L&4$ %an 't! +!#a

'a$an*a,

3onto)n*a :

CH C@H@ ⇄ C@H@ CH

T&rn*ata t&or L&4$ %apat (&') (!a$ "&(p!t r&ak$r&ak$ *an# t%ak t&rna$!k a$a" 'a$aron$t&%Lo4r*- t&r"a$!k k"a Or#ank 6P&tr!33- 1?B9 : ?8,

C. ALAT DAN BAHAN

1, A(ata(at Praktk!"

a, G&(a$ k"a 100 "L

', G&(a$ k"a 20 "L3, G&(a$ !k!r 0 "L

%, K&rta$ (a'&(&, Lap

>, Pp&t t&t&$#, Rak ta'!n# r&ak$

), Spat!(a

, Ta'!n# r&ak$ +, T&r"o"&t&r

k, T$!

2, a)an'a)an Praktk!"

a, A;!a%&$ 6H2O8 6(8 ', Lar!tan AI2 6SO78 6A(!"n!" $!(>at8 0-1 M3, Lar!tan CHCOOH 6A$a" a$&tat8 0-0 M

%, Lar!tan C! SO7 6T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at8 1 M

&, Lar!tan HC( 6A$a" k(or%a8 0-0 M

>, Lar!tan HC( 6A$a" k(or%a8 1 M#, Lar!tan In%kator PP 6P)&no( pta(n8

), Lar!tan K 2CrO7 6Ka(!" kro"at8 0-1 M

, Lar!tan K 2Cr 2O9 6Ka(!" %kro"at8 0-1 M


18/109

+, Lar!tan NaOH 6Natr!" )%rok$%a8 0-0 M

k, Lar!tan NaOH 6Natr!" )%rok$%a8 2 M

(, Lar!tan NH7OH 6A"on!" )%rok$%a8 1 M

D. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN1, R&ak$ K"a

a, D$apkan 2 '!a) ta'!n# r&ak$- %"a$!kkan "a$n#"a$n# 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan HCL

0-0 M k&%a(a" ta'!n# p&rta"a %an 10 t&t&$ (ar!t*an CH COOH 0-0 M k&%a(a"

ta'!n# k&%!a, Dta"'a)kan "a$n#"a$n# t&t&$ n%kator PP k& %a(a" "a$n#

"a$n# ta'!n# t&r$&'!t, K&"!%an a"at p&r!'a)an *an# t&r+a%, ', S&"&ntara t!- %$apkan 2 '!a) ta'!n# r&ak$ (an *an# t&(a) %$ %&n#an (ar!tan

NaOH 0-0 M %an %t&t&$kan 1 t&t&$ n%kator PP,

3, D3a"p!rkan k&%!a a$a" 6ta'!n# a8 %&n#an 'a$a6ta'!n# '8, Da"at p&r!'a)ann*a,

%, Da(a" ta'!n# r&ak$ (an- %$apkan (ar!tan K 2CrO7 $&'an*ak 10 t&t&$ k& %a(a" 2ta'!n#, Pa%a ta'!n# p&rta"a %t&t&$ 2 t&t&$ (ar!tan HC( $a"'( %ko3ok, k&"!%an

k&%a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$ k&%!a %t&t&$ 2 t&t&$ (ar!tan NaOH tap t%ak %ko3ok,

Da"at p&r!'a)ann*a %an %'an%n#kan %&n#an p&r3o'aan &,

&, D"a$!kkan k& %a(a" %!a '!a) ta'!n# r&ak$ "a$n#"a$n# 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan

K 2Cr 2O9 0-1 M, Dp&r(ak!kan $a"a $&p&rt p&r3o'aan %ata$ %an %'an%n#kan

%&n#an p&r3o'aan %,>, D"a$!kkan 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan A(26SO78 k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$, Dt&t&$kan (ar!tan

NaOH 1 M- %a"at p&r!'a)an *an# t&r+a%,

#, D"a$!kkan 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan A(26SO78 0-1 M k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$, Dta"'a)kan

t&t&$ NH7OH 1 M, %ta"'a)kan (a# t&t&$ %&" t&t&$ NH7OH 1 M- %a"at $&rta

%'an%n#kan %&n#an p&r3o'aan #,

2, Vara$ Kontn!

a, Stoko"&tr S$t&" C!SO7 NaOH

1, D$&%akan 7 '!a) #&(a$ k"a, Pa%a#&(a$ p&rta"a %"a!$kkan 20 "L (ar!tan

NaOH 2 M %an %3atat $!)!n*a, S&"&ntara %a%!k %ta"'a)kan "L (ar!tan

C!SO7 1 M *an# %k&ta)! $!)! a4a(n*a- %!k!r $!)! 3a"p!ran,2, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&%!a- %"a$!kkan 1 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M %an %3atat

$!)!n*a, S&"&ntara %a%!k %ta"'a)kan 10 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M *an# %k&ta)!

$!)! a4a(n*a- %!k!r $!)! 3a"p!ran %an %a"at p&r!'a)an *an# t&r+a%,


19/109

, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&t#a- %"a$!kkan 10 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M %an %3atat



7, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&t#a- %"a$!kkan "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M %an %3atat



', Stoko"&tr A$a" a$a

1, D$apkan @ ta'!n# r&ak$ %an %"a$!kkan '&rt!r!tt!r!t 0- 1- 2- - 7- - @ "L

(ar!tan NaOH 1 M,2, D$apkan @ ta'!n# r&ak$ *an# (an %an %"a$!kkan '&rt!r!tt!r!t 0- 1- 2- - 7- -

@ "L (ar!tan HC( 1 M,

, D!k!r $!)! a4a( %ar "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan,

7, D3a"p!rkan k&%!a (ar!tan %&n#an 3ara 0 "L NaOH %&n#an @ "L HC(- 1 "L

NaOH %&n#an "L HC(- 2 "L NaOH %&n#an 7 "L HC(- "L NaOH %&n#an

"L HC(- 7 "L NaOH %&n#an 2 "L HC(- "L NaOH %&n#an 1 "L HC( $&rta @

"L NaOH %&n#an 0 "L HC(,

, D3atat "a$n#"a$n# $!)! 3a"p!rann*a,

E. HASIL PENGAMATAN


1, R&ak$r&ak$ k"a

a, D$apkan 2 '!a) ta'!n# r&ak$-

%"a$!kkan "a$n#"a$n# 10 t&t&$

(ar!tan HCL 0-0 M k&%a(a" ta'!n#

p&rta"a %an 10 t&t&$ (ar!t*an

CHCOOH 0-0 M k&%a(a" ta'!n#

k&%!a, Dta"'a)kan "a$n#"a$n#

t&t&$ n%kator PP k& %a(a" "a$n#

"a$n# ta'!n# t&r$&'!t, K&"!%an

a"at p&r!'a)an *an# t&r+a%,


20/109

(ar!tan NaOH 0-0 M %an %t&t&$kan 1

t&t&$ n%kator PP,

n%kator PP- 4arna (ar!tan "&n+a%

"&ra),

S&t&(a) %ta"'a)kan t&t&$ (ar!tan

n%kator PP- 4arna (ar!tan "&n+a%

!n#!,3, D3a"p!rkan k&%!a a$a" 6ta'!n# a8

%&n#an 'a$a6ta'!n# '8, Da"at

p&r!'a)ann*a,


21/109

S&t&(a) %'an%n#kan K 2Cr 2O7 %an

K 2Cr 2O9 *an# %ta"'a)kan HC(

"&n#)a$(kan 4arna +n##a "!%a pa%a

K 2Cr 2O7 %an +n##a t!a pa%a K 2Cr 2O9,

S&t&(a) %'an%n#kan K 2Cr 2O7 %an

K 2Cr 2O9 *an# %ta"'a)kan NaOH

"&n#)a$(kan 4arna k!nn# pa%a

K 2Cr 2O7 %an k!nn# k&r!) pa%a

K 2Cr 2O9,>, D"a$!kkan 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan A(26SO78

k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$, Dt&t&$kan

(ar!tan NaOH 1 M- %a"at p&r!'a)an

*an# t&r+a% %an %'an%n#kan %&n#an

p&r3o'aan #,

Saat A(26SO78 %!ta"'a)kan NaOH

1M- $aat t&t&$an k&%!a "!(a t&r()at

k&r!) %an t&r!$ '&rta"'a) k&r!)

)n##a t&t&$an k&10,

#, D"a$!kkan 10 t&t&$ (ar!tan A(26SO78

0-1 M k& %a(a" ta'!n# r&ak$,

Dta"'a)kan t&t&$ NH7OH 1 M,

%ta"'a)kan (a# t&t&$ %&" t&t&$

NH7OH 1 M- %a"at $&rta

%'an%n#kan %&n#an p&r3o'aan

Saat A(26SO78 %ta"'a)kan NH7OH 1

M- k&tka t&t&$an p&rta"a "!(a t&r()at

k&r!) %an t&r()at $an#at k&r!) pa%a

t&t&$an k&("a )n##a t&t&$an k&10,

S&t&(a) %'an%n#kan A(26SO78

%3a"p!r NaOH %&n#an

A(26SO78%3a"p!r NH7OH- %%apatkan

&n%apan pa%a 3a"p!ran A(26SO78

%&n#an NH7OH $&%an#kan A(26SO78

%3a"p!r NaOH t%ak t&r%apat &n%apan,

2, Vara$ Kontn!


1 D$&%akan 7 '!a) #&(a$ k"a,

Pa%a#&(a$ p&rta"a %"a!$kkan 20 "L

(ar!tan NaOH 2 M %an %3atat $!)!n*a,

S&"&ntara %a%!k %ta"'a)kan "L

(ar!tan C!SO7 1 M *an# %k&ta)! $!)!

a4a(n*a- %!k!r $!)! 3a"p!ran,


22/109

T 3a"p!ran 1- 0C,

2, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&%!a-

%"a$!kkan 1 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M

%an %3atat $!)!n*a, S&"&ntara %a%!k

%ta"'a)kan 10 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M

*an# %k&ta)! $!)!a4a(n*a- %!k!r

$!)! 3a"p!ran %an %a"at p&r!'a)an

*an# t&r+a%,

S&t&(a) (ar!tan %3a"p!r- t&r+a% r&ak$

*an# %tan%a %&n#an t&r'&nt!kn*a

&n%apan *an# '&r4arna )+a! "!%a %an

4arna (ar!tan '&r!'a) "&n+a% )+a!, T C!SO7 1

0C, T NaOH 1 0C,

T 3a"p!ran 2-B 0C,

, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&t#a-

%"a$!kkan 10 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M


%ta"'a)kan 1 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M

*an# %k&ta)! $!)! a4a(n*a- %!k!r


*an# t&r+a%,



&n%apan *an# '&r4arna 'r! %an

$&%kt #&(ap $&rta 4arna (ar!tan

'&r!'a) "&n+a% 'r! "!%a, T C!SO7 1

0C,

T NaOH 1-1 0C,

T 3a"p!ran 1 0C,

7, K&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a k&t#a-

%"a$!kkan "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M


%ta"'a)kan 20 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M*an# %k&ta)! $!)! a4a(n*a- %!k!r


*an# t&r+a%,



&n%apan *an# '&r4arna )+a! "!%a %an

4arna (ar!tan '&r!'a) "&n+a% 'r!"!%a,

T C!SO7 10C,

T NaOH 1- 0C, T 3a"p!ran 1 0C,

', Stoko"&tr A$a" a$a

1, D$apkan @ ta'!n# r&ak$ %an

%"a$!kkan '&rt!r!tt!r!t 0- 1- 2- - 7-

- @ "L (ar!tan NaOH 1 M %an

%$apkan @ ta'!n# r&ak$ *an# (an %an%"a$!kkan '&rt!r!tt!r!t 0- 1- 2- - 7-

- @ "L (ar!tan HC( 1 M,

Pa%a ta'!n# p&rta"a %"a$!kkan 0 "L

NaOH %an @ "L HC( , -K&"!%an

%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan


23/109

$&rta $!)! 3a"p!ran,

2, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan 1 "L

NaOH %an "L HC( , -K&"!%an

%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan


S&t&(a) p&n3a"p!ran t%ak t&r+a%

p&r!'a)an 4arna, TM HC( 1-B

0C

TM NaOH 20C,

TA 0C,, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan 2 "L

NaOH %an 7 "L HC( , -K&"!%an

%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan



p&r!'a)an 4arna, TM HC( 1-9

0C

TM NaOH 1-20C,

TA 7-?0C,

7, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan "L

NaOH %an "L HC( , -K&"!%an

%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan



p&r!'a)an 4arna,

TM HC( 1-@0C

TM NaOH 1-0C,

TA @ 0C,, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan 7 "L


%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan



p&r!'a)an 4arna,

TM HC( 1-0C

TM NaOH 1-0C,

TA 7-10C,

@, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan "L


%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan



p&r!'a)an 4arna,

TM HC( 10C

TM NaOH 1-0C,

TA 0C,9, Pa%a ta'!n# k&%!a %"a$!kkan @ "L


%!k!r $!)! "a$n#"a$n# (ar!tan



p&r!'a)an 4arna,

TM 10C,

F. ANALISIS DATA

a, R&ak$ K"a

a, HC( 6a;8 NaOH 6a;8 NaC( 6a;8 H2O 6(8

', CHCOOH6a;8 NaOH 6a;8 CHCOONa 6a;8 H2O 6(8

3, K 2CrO7 6a;8 2 HC( 6a;8 2 KC( 6a;8 H2CrO7 6a;8

%, K 2CrO7 6a;8 2 NaOH 6a;8 Na2CrO7 6a;8 2 KOH 6a;8

&, K 2Cr 2O9 6a;8 2 HC( 6a;8 2 KC( 6a;8 H2Cr 2O9 6a;8


24/109

>, K 2Cr 2O9 6a;8 2 NaOH 6a;8 2 KOH 6a;8 Na2Cr 2O9 6a;8

#, A(26SO78 6a;8 @ NaOH 6a;8 NA2SO7 6$8 2 A(6OH8 6$8

), A(26SO78 6a;8 @ NH7OH 6a;8 6NH782SO7 6$8 2 A(6OH8 6$8

', Vara$ Kontn!


P&r)t!n#an "o( (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M Unt!k "L (ar!tan C!SO7 1 M

n " , V1

1 ,

""o(

Unt!k 10 "L C!SO7 1n " , V2

1 , 10

10 ""o(

Unt!k 1 "L C!SO7 n " , V

1 , 1

1 ""o(

Unt!k "L 20 C!SO7 n " , V7

1 , 20

20 ""o(

P&r)t!n#an "o( (ar!tan NaOH 2 M Unt!k 20 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M

n " , V1

2 , 20

70 ""o(

Unt!k 1 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M

n " , V2

2 , 1

0 ""o(


25/109

Unt!k 10 "L (ar!tan NaOH 2 M

n " , V

2 , 10

20 ""o(

Unt!k (ar!tan NaOH 2 M

n " , V7

2 ,

10 ""o(

M&n3ar $!)! "!(a"!(a 6TM8

T M =T NaOH +T CuSO4

2

T M 1=31

0C +310C 2

¿62

2

1 0C

T M 2=31

0C +310C

2

¿62

2

1 0C

T M 3=31,1

0C +310C 2

¿62,1

2

1-00

CT M 3=

31,50

C +310 C 2

¿62,5

2

1-2 0C


26/109

M&n3ar JTJT TA 6$!)! ak)r8 TM 6$!)! "!(a"!(a8

JT1 TA1 TM1

1- 0C 10C

0- 0C

JT2 TA2 TM2

2-B 0C 1 0C

1-B 0C

JT TA TM

1 0C 1- 0C

0- 0C

JT7 TA7 TM7

1 0C 1-20C

0-20C

Ta'&( Stoko"&tr S$t&" C!SO7 NaOH

V

NaOH

V

C!SO7

T

NaOH

T

C!SO7TM TA JT

""o(

NaOH

""o(

C!SO720 1 1 1 1- 0- 70

1 10 1 1 1 2-B 1-B 0 1010 1 1-1 1 1-0 1 0- 20 1

20 1- 1 1-2 1 0-2 10 20

Gra>k )!'!n#an antara JT %&n#an ""o( C!SO7 %an NaOH %&n#an JT

R&ak$ antara C!SO7 %&n#an NaOH %apat %t!($ :

@ NaOH 6a;8 C!SO7 6a;8 Na2SO7 6a;8 C!6OH82 6a;8

P&r'an%n#an ttk p!n3ak 10 : 0


27/109

1 :

', Stoko"&tr a$a" 'a$a

P&r)t!n#an "o( (ar!tan HC( 1 M Unt!k @ "L HC( 1 M

n1 " , V1

1 , @

@ ""o(

Unt!k "L HC( 1 M

n2 " , V2

1 ,

""o(

Unt!k 7 "L HC( 1 Mn " , V

1 , 7

7 ""o(

Unt!k "L HC( 1 M

n7 " , V7

1 ,

""o( Unt!k 2 "L HC( 1 M

n " , V

1 , 2

2 ""o(

Unt!k 1 "L HC( 1 Mn@ " , V@

1 , 1

1 ""o( Unt!k 0 "L HC( 1 M

n9 " , V9

1 , 0

0 ""o(


28/109

P&r)t!n#an "o( (ar!tan NaOH 1 M Unt!k 0 "L NaOH 1 M

n1 " , V1

1 , 0

0 ""o(

Unt!k 1 "L NaOH 1 Mn2 " , V2

1 , 1

1 ""o(

Unt!k 2 "L NaOH 1 Mn " , V

1 , 2

2 ""o(

Unt!k "L NaOH 1 Mn7 " , V7

1 ,

""o(

Unt!k 7 "L NaOH 1 Mn " , V

1 , 7

7 ""o(

Unt!k "L NaOH 1 Mn@ " , V@

1 ,

""o(

Unt!k @ "L NaOH 1 Mn9 " , V9

1 , @

@ ""o(

M&n3ar S!)! M!(a"!(a 6TM8

T M =T NaOH +T HCl

2


29/109

0 "L NaOH 1 M %an @ "L HC( 1 M

T M 1=00

C +320 C 1

¿32

1

2 0C

1 "L NaOH 1 M %an "L HC( 1 M

T M 2=00

C +320 C 1

¿32

1

2 0C

2 "L NaOH 1 M %an 7 "L HC( 1 M

T M 1=00

C +320 C 1

¿32

1

2 0C

"L NaOH 1 M %an "L HC( 1 M

T M =T NaOH +T HCl

2

¿30

0C +290C 2

2?-0C

7 "L NaOH 1 M %an 2 "L HC( 1 M

T M =T NaOH +T HCl

2


30/109

¿30

0C +300C 2

00C

"L NaOH 1 M %an 1 "L HC( 1 M

T M =T NaOH +T HCl

2

¿30

0C +300C 2

00C

@ "L NaOH 1 M %an 0 "L HC( 1 M

T M =T NaOH +T HCl2

00C

o M&n3ar JT

JT1 TA TM 10C 2?-0C

1-0C

JT2 TA TM 20C 0-0C

1-0

CJT TA TM 20C 2?-0C

1-0C

JT7 TA TM 20C 00C

20C

JT TA TM 10C 00C

10C

JT01 TA TM

29

0

C 29

0

C 00C

JT02 TA TM 00C 00C 00C

Ta'&(

V V T T HCl TM TA ΔT mmol mmol


31/109

NaOH HCl NaOH NaOH HCl

0 "L @ "L 00C 290C 290C 290C 00C 0 ""o( @ ""o(

1 "L "L 2B0C 10C 2?-0C 10C 1-0C 1 ""o( ""o(

2 "L 7 "L 10C 00C 0-0C 20C 1-0C 2 ""o( 7 ""o(

"L "L 00C 2?0C 2?-0C 20C 1-0C ""o( ""o(

7 "L 2 "L 00

C 00

C 00

C 20

C 20

C 7 ""o( 2 ""o( "L 1 "L 00C 00C 00C 10C 10C ""o( 1 ""o(

@ "L 0 "L 00C 00C 00C 00C 00C @ ""o( 0 ""o(

Gra>k )!'!n#an JT %&n#an +!"(a) "o( r&ak$

Ttk p!n3ak #ra>k % ata$ "&n!n+!kkan p&r'an%n#an 7 : 2- "aka r&ak$ HC( %an

NaOH %apat %t!($: NaOH 6a;8 HC( 6a;8 NaC( 6a;8 H2O 6a;8


32/109

ACARA III

TERMOKIMIA

ACARA III

TERMOKIMIA


T!+!an Praktk!" : 1, Unt!k "&"p&(a+ar p&r!'a)an &n&r# pa%a r&ak$ k"a,

2, Unt!k "&n#!k!r p&r!'a)an ka(or %&n#an p&r3o'aan *an#

$&%&r)ana,


33/109

B. LANDASAN TEORI

T&r"ok"a a%a(a) ("! *an# "&"p&(a+ar )!'!n#an antara &n&r#* pana$ %an

&n&r# k"a, S&%an#kan &n&nr# k"a %%&>n$kan $&'a#a &n&r#* *a"# t&rkan%!n# pa%a

$&tap !n$!r& ata! $&n*a4a, En&r# k"a *an# t&rkan%!n# %a(a" $!at! 5at a%a(a) $&"a3a"

&n&r#* pot&n$a( 5at t&r$&'!t, En&r# pot&n$a( k"a *an# t&rkan%!n# %a(a" $!at! 5at

%$&'!t &n&r#* %a(a" ata! &nta(p *an# %n*atakan %&n#an $"'o( H, S&($$) antara &nta(p

r&aktan %an &nta(p )a$( pa%a $!at! r&ak$ %$&'!t p&r!'a)an &nta(p r&ak$, S$t&" a%a(a)

'a#an t&rt&nt! %ar a(a" *an# "&n+a% p!$at p&r)atan !nt!k %p&(a+ar, D $a"pn# $$t&"-

a%a +!#a *an# na"an*a (n#k!n#an, Ln#k!n#an a%a(a) $a(a $&$!at! *an# '&ra%a %(!ar

$$t&", S&3ara !"!" $$t&" %'a# "a3a"- *at! : 1, S$t&" t&r&$kat 6t&r$o(a$8- *at!

$$t&" *an# t%ak a%a p&rtt!karan &n&r# "a!p!n "at&r k& (n#k!n#an 2, S$t&" t&rt!t!p-

*at! $$t&" *an# "&"!n#knkan t&r+a%n*a p&rt!karan &n&r# tanpa p&rt!karan "at&r k&

(n#k!n#an , S$t&" t&r'!ka- *at! $$t&" *an# "&"!n#knkan t&r+a%n*a p&rt!karan

&n&r#* %an "at&r k& (n#k!n#an 6 A3)"a%- 2001 : 12 8,

Ka(or a%a(a) $&$!at! *an# %pn%a)kan %antara $&'!a) $$t&" %an $&k&((n#n*a

$&'a#a ak'at %ar )an*a p&r'&%aan t&"p&rat!r, Sat!an ka(or 'a$an*a %%&>n$kan

$&3ara k!anttat> %a(a" p&r!'a)an t&rt&nt! *a# %)a$(kan %a(a" $&'!a) '&n%a $&(a"a

pro$&$ t&rt&nt!, .a%- +ka t&"p&rat!r %ar $at! k(o#ra" ar %nakkan %ar 17- $a"pa 1-

0C %&n#an "&"ana$kan ar t&r$&'!t- "aka kta katakana 'a)4a $at! ka(or ka(or t&(a)

%ta"'a)kan k&pa%a $$t&" t&r$&'!t, T&"p&rat!rt&"p&rat!r r&>&r&n$ %n*atakan kar&na-

%$&kat t&"p&rat!r& ka"ar- t&r%apat $&%kt =ara$ ka(or *an# %p&r(!kan !nt!k "&nakkan

t&"p&rat!r *an# %'&rkan % %a(a" $&'!a) "a$$a *an# %'&rkan, P&r'an%n# 'an*akn*a

t&na#a ka(or *an# %'&ka(kan k&pa%a $&'!a) '&n%a !n!tk "&nakkan t&"p&rat!rn*a

$&'a#a T %na"akan kapa$ta$ ka(or %ar '&n%a t&r$&'!t 6 Da=%- 1?99B :922 8,

Enta(p "!t(ak %ar $!at! 5at- $&p&rt &n&r#* "!t(ak- t%ak %apat %!k!r ata!

%)t!n, Han*a p&r!'a)an &nta(p 6H8 $a+a(a) *an# %apat %!k!r, Para a)( k"a

"&n%&>n$kan k&a%aan $tan%ar !nt!k 5at k"a $&'a#a '&rk!t : 1, Unt!k 5at 3ar %an

pa%at- k&a%aan $tan%ar a%a(a) k&a%aan $ta'( $&3ara t&r"o%na"ka pa%a t&kanan 1 at" %an

$!)! t&rt&nt! 2, Unt!k #a$- k&a%aan $tan%ar a%a(a) >a$a #a$ pa%a t&kanan 1 at"- $!)!

t&rt&nt!- %an "&n!n+!kkan $>at #a$ %&a( , Unt!k $p&$&$ *an# t&r(ar!t- k&a%aan $tan%ar


34/109

a%a(a) 1 M (ar!tan pa%a t&kanan 1 at"- pa%a $!)! t&rt&nt!- %an "&n!n+!kkan $>at (ar!tan

%&a( 6 Da=%- 2001 : 20?8,

H!k!" p&rta"a t&r"o%na"ka a%a(a) $!at! p&rn*ataan )ok!" p&(&$taran

&n&r#*, En&r# tota( $!at! $$t&" k"a a%a(a) &n&r# %a(a"n*a- $!at! >!n#$ k&a%aan, S!at!

p&r!'a)an &n&r#* %a(a"- E- %(ak$anakan %&n#an tran$>&r ka(or ata!p!n p&(ak!an k&r+a,

Apaka) $!at! r&ak$ k"a t&rt&nt! %apat t&r+a% $&3ara $&rta "&rta ata! t%ak- '&r#ant!n#

t%ak )an*a pa%a p&r!'a)an &nta(p- t&tap +!#a pa%a t&"p&rat!r %an p&r!'a)an &ntrp- S-

*an# "&n#!k!r p&r!'a)an %&ra+at k&ka3a!'a(a!an $!at! $$t&" 6 K&&nan- 1?B7 : 0 8,

C. ALAT DAN BAHAN

1, A(ata(at Praktk!"

a, !r&t 0 "L

', Coron# #&(a$ @0 "L3, G&(a$ ar(o+

%, G&(a$ k"a 100 "L&, G&(a$ k"a 20 "L

>, G&(a$ !k!r 0 "L

#, G&(a$ !k!r 100 "L), Hot p(at&

, Kan ka$a

+, Ka(or"&t&r

k, K&rta$ (a'&((, K(&"

", Pp&t t&t&$

n, S&n%ok o, Stat>

p, Stop4at3)

;, T&r"o"&t&r r, T"'an#an ana(tk

$, T$!

2, a)an'a)an Praktk!"a, A;!a%&$ 6H2O8 6(8 ', A$a" k(or%a 6HC(8 6a;8 2 M

3, Etano( ?@ 6C2HOH8 6(8%, Natr!" )%rok$%a 6NaOH8 6a;8 2-0 M

&, Pa%atan $&n# 6n8

>, T&"'a#a 6II8 $!(>at 6C!SO78 6a;8 0- M

D. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN

1, P&n&nt!an T&tapan Ka(or"&t&r


35/109

a, D"a$!kkan 70 "L a;!a%&$ k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r- %3atat

$!)!n*a, ', Dpana$kan 70 "L a;!a%&$ k& %a(a" #&(a$ k"a 20 %&ra+at % ata$ $!)! ka"ar-

k&"!%an %3atat $!)!n*a,

3, D3a"p!rkan ar pana$ k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r- %ko3ok %an %a"at $!)!n*a $&(a"a10 "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 1 "&nt $&t&(a) p&n3a"p!ran,

2, P&n&nt!an Ka(or R&ak$ n 6$8 C!SO7 6a;8a, Dt"'an# %&n#an t&(t ,- 10 #ra" pa%atan n,

', D"a$!kkan 20 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 0- M k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r,

3, Dko3ok %an %!k!r $!)! C!SO7 %a(a" 3a(or"&t&r $&(a"a 2 "&nt %&n#an $&(an#

4akt! 0 %&tk,

%, D"a$!kkan pa%atan n k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r,

&, D3atat $!)!n*a %a(a" $&(an# 4akt! 1 "&nt $&t&(a) p&n3a"p!ran $&(a"a 10 "&nt,

, P&n&nt!an Ka(or P&(ar!tan Etano( %a(a" Ar

a, D"a$!kkan 1B 3"L ar k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r %&n#an "&n##!nakan #&(a$ !k!r, ', D!k!r $!)! a;!a%&$ %a(a" ka(or"&t&r $&(a"a 2 "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0

"&nt,

3, D"a$!kkan 0 "L &tano( k&%a(a" '!r&t %an %!k!r $!)!n*a, Da"'( 2? "L &tano(

%ar '!r&t %an %"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,

%, D"a$!kkan &tano( %a(a" ka(or"&t&r k&"!%an %ko3ok 3a"p!ran t&r$&'!t- %3atat

$!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

&, D(ak!kan $&p&rt % ata$ %&n#an 3a"p!ran $&'a#a '&rk!t:

29 "L ar %&n#an 1?- "L &tano( @ "L ar %&n#an 17- "L &tano( @ "L ar %&n#an 11-@ "L &tano(

@ "L ar %&n#an -B "L &tano(

7 "L ar %&n#an 7-B "L &tano(

7, P&n&nt!an Ka(or P&n&tra(an HC( %&n#an NaOH

a, D"a$!kkan 20 "L HC( 2 M k& %a(a" #&(a$ !k!r, ', D3atat k&%!%!kan t&r"o"&t&r,

3, D!k!r 20 "L NaOH 2-0 M- %3atat $!)!n*a 6at!r $&%&"kan r!pa )n##a $!)!n*a

$a"a %&n#an $!)! HC(8,%, D3a"p!rkan k&%!a (ar!tan n k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r %an %3atat $!)! 3a"p!ran

$&(a"a "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

E. HASIL PENGAMATAN


36/109

N

O

PROSEDUR PERCOAAN HASIL PENGAMATAN

I, P&n&nt!an T&tapan Ka(or"&t&r

1, D"a$!kkan 70 "L a;!a%&$ k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r %&n#an #&(a$ !k!r- %3atat

$!)!n*a,

T0 00C 0 K

2, Dpana$kan 70 "L a;!a%&$ k& %a(a"

#&(a$ k"a 20 %&ra+at % ata$ $!)!

ka"ar- k&"!%an %3atat $!)!n*a,

Tt 7 ?0C 1B K

, D3a"p!rkan ar pana$ k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r- %ko3ok %an %a"at

$!)!n*a $&(a"a 10 "&nt %&n#an $&(an#

4akt! 1 "&nt $&t&(a) p&n3a"p!ran,

T1 70C 1@ K

T2 720C 1 K

T 720C 1 K

T7 720C 1 K

T 700

C 1 K T@ 71

0C 17 K

T9 ?0C 12 K

TB ?0C 12 K

T? B0C 11 K

T10 B0C 11 K

II P&n&nt!an Ka(or R&ak$ n 6$8 C!SO7

6a;8

1, Dt"'an# %&n#an t&(t ,- 10 #ra"

pa%atan n,

2, D"a$!kkan 20 "L (ar!tan C!SO7 0- M

k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r, Dko3ok %an

%!k!r $!)! C!SO7 %a(a" 3a(or"&t&r

$&(a"a 2 "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0

%&tk,

T1 10C 07 K

T2 0C 0@ K

T 70C 09 K

T7 0C 0@ K

, D"a$!kkan pa%atan n k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r, D3atat $!)!n*a %a(a"

$&(an# 4akt! 1 "&nt $&t&(a)

p&n3a"p!ran $&(a"a 10 "&nt,

T1 70C 09 K

T2 70C 09 K

T 0C 0B K

T7 @ 0C 0? K

T 90C 10 K

T@ B0C 11 K

T9 ?0C 12 K

TB 700C 1 K

T? 710C 17 K

T10 710C 17 K

T&r%apat &n%apan n2 *an# '&r4arna


37/109

a'!a'!

III P&n&nt!an Ka(or P&(ar!tan Etano( %a(a"

Ar

1, D"a$!kkan 1B 3"L ar k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r %&n#an "&n##!nakan #&(a$!k!r,

D!k!r $!)! a;!a%&$ %a(a" ka(or"&t&r

$&(a"a 2 "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0

"&nt,

D"a$!kkan 0 "L &tano( k&%a(a" '!r&t

%an %!k!r $!)!n*a, Da"'( 2? "L

&tano( %ar '!r&t %an %"a$!kkan

k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,

D"a$!kkan &tano( %a(a" ka(or"&t&r

k&"!%an %ko3ok 3a"p!ran t&r$&'!t-

%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T ar :

T1 00C 0 K

T2 1 0C 07 K T 1

0C 07 K

T7 20C 0 K

T a(ko)o( 2? 0C 02 K T 3a"p!ran :

T1 70C 09 K

T2 70C 09 K

T 70C 09 K

T7 70C 09 K

T 70C 09 K

T@ 70C 09 K

T9 7 0C 09 K TB 7

0C 09 K

2, D"a$!kkan 29 "L ar k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r %&n#an "&n##!nakan #&(a$

!k!r k&"!%an %ko3ok $&(a"a 2 "&nt%&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

Da"'( 1?- "L &tano( %ar '!r&t %an

%"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,



%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T ar :T1 1

0C 07 K

T2 10C 07 K

T 00

C 0 K T7 10C 07 K

T 3a"p!ran :

T1 0C 0B K

T2 0C 0B K

T 0C 0B K

T7 70C 09 K

T 70C 09 K

T@ 0C 0B K

T9 70C 09 K

TB 0C 0B K

, D"a$!kkan @ "L ar k& %a(a"


!k!r k&"!%an %ko3ok $&(a"a 2 "&nt

%&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

Da"'( 17- "L &tano( %ar '!r&t %an

T ar :T1 0

0C 0 K T2 0

0C 0 K

T 00C 0 K

T7 00C 0 K

T 3a"p!ran :

T1 0C 0B K

T2 0C 0B K


38/109

%"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,



%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T 0C 0B K

T7 0C 0B K

T 0C 0B K

T@ @0C 0? K

T9 @0C 0? K

TB @0

C 0? K

7, D"a$!kkan @ "L ar k& %a(a"


!k!r k&"!%an %ko3ok $&(a"a 2 "&nt

%&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

Da"'( 11-@ "L &tano( %ar '!r&t %an

%"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,

D"a$!kkan &tano( %a(a" ka(or"&t&r k&"!%an %ko3ok 3a"p!ran t&r$&'!t-

%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T ar :

T1 2?0C 02 K

T2 00C 0 K

T 00C 0 K

T7 00C 0 K

T 3a"p!ran :

T1 0C 0B K

T2 0C 0B K

T 0C 0B K

T7 0

C 0B K T 0C 0B K

T@ 0C 0B K

T9 0C 0B K

TB 0C 0B K

, D"a$!kkan @ "L ar k& %a(a"


!k!r k&"!%an %ko3ok $&(a"a 2 "&nt

%&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

Da"'( -B "L &tano( %ar '!r&t %an

%"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,



%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T ar :T1 0

0C 0 K

T2 00C 0 K

T 10C 07 K

T7 10C 07 K

T 3a"p!ran :

T1 7 0C 09 K T2 7

0C 09 K T 7

0C 09 K

T7 70C 09 K

T 70C 09 K

T@ 70C 09 K

T9 70C 09 K

TB 70C 09 K

@, D"a$!kkan 7 "L ar k& %a(a"


!k!r k&"!%an %ko3ok $&(a"a 2 "&nt

%&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

Da"'( 7-B "L &tano( %ar '!r&t %an

%"a$!kkan k&%a(a" #&(a$ k"a,


T ar :

T1 2?0C 02 K

T2 0

0

C 0 K T 00C 0 K

T7 00C 0 K

T 3a"p!ran :

T1 0C 0B K

T2 0C 0B K

T 0C 0B K

T7 0C 0B K


39/109


%3atat $!)!n*a $&(a"a 7 "&nt %&n#an

$&(an# 4akt! 0 "&nt,

T 0C 0B K

T@ 0C 0B K

T9 0C 0B K

TB 0C 0B K

IV P&n&nt!an Ka(or P&n&tra(an HC( %&n#an

NaOH1, D"a$!kkan 20 "L HC( 2 M k& %a(a"

#&(a$ !k!r,

D3atat k&%!%!kan t&r"o"&t&r,

T HC( 1 0C 07 K

2, D!k!r 20 "L NaOH 2-0 M- %3atat

$!)!n*a 6at!r $&%&"kan r!pa )n##a

$!)!n*a $a"a %&n#an $!)! HC(8,

T NaOH 1 0C 07 K

, D3a"p!rkan k&%!a (ar!tan n k& %a(a"

ka(or"&t&r %an %3atat $!)! 3a"p!ran$&(a"a "&nt %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! 0

"&nt,

T1 700C 1 K

T2 720C 1 K

T 7 0C 1@ K T7 77

0C 19 K

T 70C 1B K

T@ 70C 1B K

T9 @0C 1? K

TB @0C 1? K

T? 90C 20 K

T10 90C 20 K

F. ANALISIS DATA

P&r$a"aan r&ak$ :a8 R&ak$ P&r3o'aan I

H2O 6(8 H2O 6(8 2H2O 6(8 '8 R!"!$ P&r3o'aan II

n 6$8 C!SO7 6a;8 nSO7 6a;8 C! 6$838 R&ak$ P&r3o'aan III

C2HOH 6(8 H2O 6(8 C2HOH 6(8 H2O 6(8%8 R&ak$ P&r3o'aan IV

HC( 6a;8 NaOH 6a;8 NaC( 6a;8 H2O 6(8

1, P&n&nt!an T&tapan Ka(or"&t&r

a, S!)! a4a( ar %n#n 6T08

T0 00C

0 29

0 K


40/109

', S!)! a4a( ar pana$ 6Tt8

Tt 70C

7 29

1B K

3, S!)! ak)r 3a"p!ran$!)! ratarata 6TR 8

T1 70C

7 29

1@ K

T2 720C

72 29

1 K

T 720C

72 29

1 K

T7 720C

72 29

1 K

T 700C

70 29

1 K

T@ 710C

71 29

17 K

T9 ?0C

? 29

12 K

TB ?0C

? 29

12 K

T? B0C


41/109

B 29

11 K

T10 B0C

B 29

11 K

T R=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8+T

9+T

10

10

¿316+315+315+315+313+314+312+312+311+311

10

¿3134

10

1-7 K

%, S!)! *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6JTA8

JTA Tt T0

1B 0

1 K

&, K&nakan $!)! ar %n#n 6JT8

JT TR T0

1-7 0 10-7 K

>, P&n!r!nan $!)! ar pana$ 6Jt8

Jt TR Tt

1-7 1B 7-@ K

Dk&ta)!: ar 1 #3"

= ar 70 3"

" ar , =

1 , 70

70 #ra"

3 ar 7-2 .#K

#, Ka(or *an# %$&rap ar %n#n 6;18

;1 " , 3 , JT


42/109

70 , 7-2 , 10-7

1,979-2 .o!(&

), Ka(or *an# %(&pa$ ar pana$ 6;28

;2 " , 3 , Jt

70 , 7-2 , 67-@8 992-B .o!(&

, Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;8

; ;2 ;1

992-B 1,979-2

?97-7 .o!(&

+, T&tapan ka(or"&t&r 6k8

k =q3

∆T A

¿ 974,4

15

@7-?@ .K

Gra>k P&n&nt!an Ka(or"&t&r

6H!'!n#an antara K&nakan S!)! %&n#an $&(an# 4akt! p&n3a"p!ran8

2, P&n&nt!an ka(or r&ak$ 6n 6$88 C!SO7 6a;8

a, S!)! ratarata C!SO7 6Ta8

T1 10C

1 29

07 K

T2 0C


43/109

29

0@ K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T7 0C

29

0@ K

T R=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿ 304+306+307+3064

1223

4

0-9 K

', S!)! ratarata 3a"p!ran 6T '8

T1 70C

7 29

09 K

T2 70C

7 29

09 K

T 0C

29

0B K

T7 @0

C

@ 29

0? K

T 90C

9 29

10 K


44/109

T@ B0C

B 29

11 K

T9 ?0C

? 29

12 K

TB 700C

70 29

1 K

T? 710C

71 29

17 K

T10 710C

71 29

17 K

T b=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8+T

9+T

10

10

¿ 307+307+308+309+310+311+312+313+314+31410

¿3105

10

10- K

3, JT1 T ' Ta

10- 0-9 7-9 K

%, Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;78

;7 k , JT1

@7-?@ , 7-9

0B-@ .o!(&

&, Ka(or *an# %$&rap (ar!tan 6;8


45/109

; " , 3 , JT1

"&n3ar " 6"a$$a8 :

V C!SO7 20 "L

0-02 L

n C!SO7 M, V

0- , 0-02

0-01 "o(

n Zn=massa

Ar

¿ 3

65,5

0-07@ "o(

n C!SO7 nSO7 C!2

"!(a"!(a 0-07@ 0-01

'&r&ak$ 0-01 0-01 0-01 0-01

$&t"'an# 0-0@ 0-01 0-01

n=massa

Mr

D"ana Mr nSO7 1@1-

n=massa

Mr

"a$$a n Mr

0-01 1@1-

1-@1 #ra"

Maka ; " , 3 , JT1 1-@1 -2 7-9


46/109


47/109

¿303+304+304+305

4

¿1216

4

07 K

• S!)! &tano(

T &tano( 2?0

2? 29

02 K

• ∆ T M =

T air+T etanol2

¿304+302

2

¿606

2

0 K

• S!)! ratarata 3a"p!ran 6JTA8

T1 70C

7 29

09 K

T2 70C

7 29

09 K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T7 70C

7 29

09 K

T 70C

7 29


48/109

09 K

T@ 70C

7 29

09 K

T9 70C

7 29

09 K

TB 70C

7 29

09 K

∆ T A=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8

8

¿307+307+307+307+307+307+307+307

8

¿ 24568

09 K

• JT2 JTA JTM

09 0 7 K

• Ka(or *an# %$&rap ar 6;98

ar 1 #3"

V ar 1B 3"

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , 1B

1B #ra"


49/109

;9 " , 3 , JT2

1B , 7-2 , 7

02-7 .o!(&

• Ka(or *an# %$&rap &tano( 6;B8

&tano( 0-9? #3"

= &tano( 2? 3"

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

" &tano( , =

0-9? , 2?

22-??9 #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

22-??9 , 1-?2 , 7

19@-@19 .o!(&

• Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;?8

;? k , JT2 @7-?@ , 7 2?-B7 .o!(&

• Ka(or *an# %)a$(kan pa%a p&(ar!tan 6;108

;10 ;9 ;B ;? 02-7 19@-@19 2?-B7

9B-B9 .o!(&

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( 22-??9 #ra"Mr &tano( 7@

netanol=massa

Mr

¿22,997

46

0- "o(

∆ H 1= q10

n etanol

¿738,857

0,5

1,799-917 .o!(&"o(


50/109

', 19 "L ar %&n#an 1?- "L &tano(

• S!)! ratarata ar

T1 00C

0 29

0 K

T2 10C

1 29

07 K

T 00C

0 29

0 K

T7 10C

1 29

07 K

T air=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿303+304+303+304

4

¿1215

4

0-9 K

• S!)! &tano(

T &tano( 2?0C

2? 29

02 K

• ∆ T M =

T air+T etanol2

¿303,75+302

2

¿605,75

2


51/109

02-B9 K


T1 0C

29

0B K

T2 0C

29

0B K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T7 70

C 7 29

09 K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T@ 70C

7 29

09 K

T9 70C

7 29

09 K

TB 70C

7 29

09 K

∆ T A=T 1+T 2+T 3+T 4+T 5+T 6+T 7+T 8

8

¿305+308+308+207+307+308+307+308

8


52/109

¿2461

8

09-@2 K

• JT2 JTA JTM

09-@2 02-B 7-9 K


ar 1 #3"

= ar 29 3"

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , 29

29 #ra"

;9 " , 3 , JT2

29 , 7-2 , 7-9

B-@ .o!(&


&tano( 0-9? #3"

V &tano( 1?- 3"

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

" &tano( , =

0-9? , 1?-

1-0 #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

1-0 , 1-?2 , 7-9

B-@ .o!(&

•Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;?8;? k , JT2

@7-?@ , 7-9

0B-@ .o!(&

• Ka(or *an# %)a$(kan pa%a p&(ar!tan

;10 ;9 ;B ;? B-@ B-@ 0B-@ ?B@-9?2.o!(&


53/109

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( 1-0 #ra"

Mr &tano( 7@

netanol=massa

Mr

¿15,305

46

0- "o(

∆ H 1=

q10

n etanol

¿ 986,792

0,333

2,?@-? .o!(&"o(

3, @ "L ar %&n#an 17- "L &tano(• S!)! ratarata ar 6T ar8

T1 00C

0 29

0 K

T2 00C

0 29

0 K

T 00C

0 29

0 K

T7 00C

0 29

0 K

T air=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿303+303+303+303

4


54/109


55/109

@ 29

0? K

T9 @0C

@ 29

0? K

TB @0C

@ 29

0? K

∆ T A=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8

8

¿308+308+308+308+308+309+309+309

8

¿2.467

8

0B-9 K

• JT2 JTA JTM 0B-9 02-

-B9 K


ar 1 #3"

V ar @ 3"

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , @

@ #ra"

;9 " , 3 , JT2

@ , 7-2 , -B9

BBB- .o!(&


&tano( 0-9? #3"

V &tano( 17- "L


56/109

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

" &tano( , =

0-9? , 17-

11- #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

11- , 1-?2 , -B9

12?-29 .o!(&


;? k , JT2 @7-?@ , -B9

B1-@7 .o!(&


;10 ;9 ;B ;? BBB- 12?-29 B1-@7

1,??-@@ .o!(&

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( 11- #ra"Mr &tano( 7@

netanol=massa

Mr

¿11,5

46

0-2 "o(

∆ H 1=

q10

n etanol

¿1.399,66

0,25

,?B-@7 .o!(&"o(

%, @ "L ar 11-@ "L &tano(

• S!)! ratarata ar 6T ar 8

T1 2?0C

2? 29

02 K


57/109

T2 00C

0 29

0 K

T 00C

0 29

0 K

T7 00C

0 29

0 K

T air=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿302+303+303+303

4

¿1.211

4

02-9 .o!(&

• S!)! &tano(

T &tano( 2? 0C

2? 29 02 K

• ∆ T M =

T air+T etanol2

¿302,75+302

2

¿604,75

2

02-9 K


T1 0C

29

0B K

T2 0C


58/109

29

0B K

T 0C

29

0B K

T7 0C

29

0B K

T 0C

29

0B K

T@ 0C

29

0B K

T9 0C

29

0B K

TB 0C

29

0B K

∆ T A=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8

8

¿308+308+308+308+308+308+308+308

8

¿2.464

8

0B K

• JT2 JTA JTM

0B 02-9

-@2 K



59/109

ar 1 #3"

V ar @ "L

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , @

@ #ra"

;9 " , 3 , JT2

@ , 7-2 , -@2

B0- .o!(&


&tano( 0-9? #3"

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

V &tano( 11-@ "L

" &tano( , =

0-9? , 11-@

?-2 #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

?-2 , 1-?2 , -@2

??-@ .o!(&• Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;?8

;? k , JT2 @7-?@ , -@2

@-7 .o!(&


;10 ;9 ;B ;? B0- ??-@ @-7

1,1-2@ .o!(&

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( ?-2 #ra"Mr &tano( 7@

netanol=massa

Mr

¿ 9,2

46


60/109

0-2 "o(

∆ H 1=

q10

n etanol

¿1.315,26

0,2

@,?9@- .o!(&"o(

&, @ "L ar -B "L &tano(

• S!)! ratarata ar 6T ar8

T1 00C

0 29

0 K

T2 00C

0 29

0 K

T 10C

1 29

07 K

T7 10C

1 29

07 K

T air=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿303+303+304+304

4

¿1.214

4

0- K

• S!)! &tano(

T &tano( 2?0C

2? 29 21 K


61/109

• ∆ T M =

T air+T etanol2

¿303,5+302

2

02-9 K • S!)! ratarata 3a"p!ran 6JTA8

T1 70C

7 29

09 K

T2 70C

7 29

09 K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T7 70C

7 29

09 K

T 70C

7 29

09 K

T@ 70C

7 29

09 K

T9 70C

7 29

09 K TB 7

0C

7 29

09 K


62/109

∆ T A=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

6+T

7+T

8

8

¿307+307+307+307+307+307+307+307

8

¿2.458

8

09 K

• JT2 JTA JTM 09 02-9

7-2 K


ar 1 #3"

V ar @ 3"

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , @

@ #ra"

;9 " , 3 , JT2

@ , 7-2 , 7-2

@72-@ .o!(&


&tano( 0-9? #3"

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

V &tano( -B 3"

" &tano( , =

0-9? , -B

7-@ #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

7-@ , 1-?2 , 7-2

9-@ .o!(&


63/109


;? k , JT2 @7-?@ , 7-2 29@-0B .o!(&


;10 ;9 ;B ;? @72-@ 9-@ 29@-0B ?@-21@ .o!(&

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( 7-@ #ra"Mr &tano( 7@

netanol=massa

Mr

¿ 4,6

46

0-1 "o(

∆ H 1=

q10

netanol

¿ 956,216

0,1

?,@2-1@ .o!(&"o(

>, 7 "L ar 7-B &tano(

• S!)! ratarata ar 6T ar8

T1 2?0

C

2? 29

02 K

T2 00C

0 29

0 K

T 00C

0 29

0 K

T7 00C

0 29

0 K


64/109

T air=T

1+T

2+T

3+T

4

4

¿302+303+303+303

4

¿1.211

4

02-9 K

• S!)! &tano(

T &tano( 2? 0C

2? 29 02 K

• ∆ T M =

T air+T etanol2

¿302,75+302

2

¿604,75

2

02-9 K


T1 0C

29

0B K

T2 0C

29

0B K

T 0C

29

0B K

T7 0C

29

0B K

T 0C


65/109

29

0B K

T@ 0C

29

0B K

T9 0C

29

0B K

TB 0C

29

0B K

∆ T A=T 1+T 2+T 3+T 4+T 5+T 6+T 7+T 8

8

¿308+308+308+308+308+308+308+308

8

¿2.464

8

0B K

• JT2 JTA JTM0B 02-9

-@2 K


ar 1 #3"

V ar 7 "L

3 ar 7-2 .#K

" ar , =

1 , 7

7 #ra"

;9 " , 3 , JT2

7 , 7-2 , -@2


66/109

1,0@-12 .o!(&


&tano( 0-9? #3"

3 &tano( 1-?2 .#K

V &tano( 7-B "L

" &tano( , =

0-9? , 7-B

-B0@ #ra"

;B " , 3 , JT2

-B0@ , 1-?2 , -@2

71-10 .o!(&


;? k , JT2 @7-?@ , -@2

@-7 .o!(&


;10 ;9 ;B ;? 1,0@-12 71-10 @-7

1,7@?-@ .o!(&

• Enta(p 6JH18

" &tano( -B1 #ra"

Mr &tano( 7@netanol=

massa

Mr

¿3,807

46

0-B "o(

∆ H 1=

q10

n etanol

¿1.469,63

0,83

1,990-@? .o!(&"o(

#, Ta'&(


67/109


68/109


69/109

79 29

20 K

T10 790C

79 29

20 K

T 2=

T 1+T

2+T

3+T

4+T

5+T

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10

10

¿313+315+316+317+318+318+319+319+320+320

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¿3.175

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19- K

3, JT T2 T1 19- 07 1- K

%, Ka(or *an# %$&rap (ar!tan 6;118

(ar!tan 1-0 #3"

3 (ar!tan -?@ .#K

V (ar!tan 70 "L

" (ar!tan , V

1-0 , 70

71-2 #ra"

;11 " , 3 , JT

71-2 , -?@ , 1-

2,202-2 .o!(&

&, Ka(or *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r 6;128

;12 k , JT@7-?@ , 1- B9@-?@ .o!(&

>, Ka(or *an# %)a$(kan pa%a r&ak$ 6;18

;1 ;11 ;12 2,202-2 B9@-?@

,09?-12 .o!(&


70/109


71/109

Ka(or"&t&r a%a(a) a(at !n!tk "&n&nt!kan ka(or +&n$ $!at! 5at, Prn$p k&r+a

3a(or"&t&r a%a(a) $&'a#a '&rk!t : Ka(or"&t&r t&r%r %ar '&+ana #&(a$ (o#a" *an#

+&n$n*a t&(a) %k&ta)!- %n%n# p&n*&kat %ar $o(ator 'ar>!n#$ !nt!k "&n3a) t&r+a%n*a

p&ra"'atan ka(or k& (n#k!n#an $&ktar-t&r"o"&t&r %an p&n#a%!k, .ka $&'!a) 'a)an *an#

'&(!" %k&ta)! ka(or +&n$n*a %pana$kan- k&"!%an %"a$!kkan k& %a(a" ka(or"&t&r

%&n#an 3&pat- ka(or +&n$ t! %apat %)t!n#, Unt!k "&"p&r3&pat t&r3ptanta k&$&t"'an#an

t&r"a(- '&r$a"aan %&n#an %"a$!kkann*a 'a)an k&%a(a" ka(or"&t&r- ar %a(a" '&+ana

%a%!k, K&$&t"'an#an t&r"a( t&r+a% +ka $!)! *an# %t!n+!kkan o(&) t&r"o"&t&r$!%a)

kon$tan, Pa%a $aat t&r+a% k&$&t"'an#an t&r"a( t!(a) ka(or +&n$ 'a)an *an# %apat %)t!n#

%&n#an a$a$ '(a3k,

Pa%a r&ak$ k"a- t&r%apat '&'&rapa "a3a" ka(or r&ak$- *at! : 1, Ka(or

p&"'&nt!kkan 6H>8 a%a(a) ka(or *an# "&n#)a$(kan ata! %p&r(!kan !nt!k "&"'&nt!k 1

"o( $&n*a4a %ar !n$!r!n$!rn*a 2, Ka(or p&n#!raan 6H%8 a%a(a) ka(or *an# %)a$(kan

ata! %p&r(!kan !nt!k "&n#!rakan 1 "o( $&n*a4a "&n+a% !n$!r!n$!rn*a , Ka(or

p&"'akaran 6H38 a%a(a) ka(or *an# %)a$(kan ata! %p&r(!kan !nt!k "&"'akar 1 "o( 5at

6!n$!r $&n*a4a8 7, Ka(or n&tra($a$ 6Hn8 a%a(a) ka(or *an# %p&r(!kan ata! %)a$(kan

!nt!k "&"'&nt!k 1 "o( ar %ar r&ak$ antara a$a" %an 'a$a, Ka(or n&tra($a$ t&r"a$!k

r&ak$ &k$ot&r" kar&na pa%a r&ak$ n t&r+a% k&nakkan $!)! , Ka(or p&(ar!tan 6H$8

a%a(a) ka(or *an# %)a$(kan ata! %p&r(!kan !nt!k "&(ar!tkan 1 "o( 5at pa%at "&n+a%

(ar!tan,

Pa%a p&r3o'aan p&rta"a *at! p&n&nt!an t&tapan ka(or"&t&r- %%apatkan n(a

t&tapan ka(or"&t&r 6k8 *at! @7-?@ .#,K, D"ana )a$( n %%apatkan %ar $&($) antara

ka(or *an# %(&pa$ ar pana$ %&n#an ka(or *an# %$&rap ar %n#n *an# k&"!%an %'a#

%&n#an $!)! *an# %$&rap o(&) ka(or"&t&r- %an $!)! *an# %$&rap ka(or"&t&r %%apat %ar

$&($) $!)! a4a( ar pana$ %&n#an $!)! a4a( ar %n#n, Pa%a p&r3o'aan n t&r+a% %!a

r&ak$, K&%!a r&ak$ t&&r$&'!t a%a(a) r&ak$ &n%ot&r" %an r&ak$ &k$ot&r", R&ak$ &k$ot&r"

t&r+a% k&tka ar pana$ *an# $!)!n*a (&') tn## "&(&pa$ ka(or, Ka(or *an# %(&pa$kan ar

pana$ k&"!%an %t&r"a o(&) ar %n#n, Saat t!(a) r&ak$ &n%ot&r" t&r+a%, S&(an t!- %

%apatkan +!#a k!r=a *an# "&n&nt!kan k&nakan $!)! ar %n#n %an p&n!r!nan $!)! ar

pana$, A%ap!n *an# %%apatkan a%a(a) $!)! ar 3a"p!ran *an# $&"akn t!r!n- kar&na


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a%an*a p&n#a%!kan ar pana$ %&n#an ar %n#n %%a(a" ka(or"&t&r t&r+a% tran$>&r ka(or

o(&) ar pana$,

Pa%a p&r3o'aan k&%!a- *at! p&n3a"p!ran antara n 6$8 %&n#an C!SO76a;8 - %"ana

t!+!an %ar p&r3o'aan n a%a(a) "&n&nt!kan ka(or r&ak$ n6$8 %&n#an C!SO76a;8, S&t&(a)

pa%atan n %3a"p!r %&n#an (ar!tan C!SO7 % %a(a" ka(or"&t&r- %%apatkan $!)!

3a"p!ran *an# $&"akn nak, Ka(or *an# %)a$(kan pa%a p&r3o'aan n a%a(a) -@

.o!(&, N(a *an# %%apatkan a%a(a) po$t>- n '&rart %ar r&ak$ t&r&$&'!t t&r+a% r&ak$

&n%ot&r"- *at! *an# "&"&r(!kan ka(or, Ak'at %ar p&n3a"p!ran n t&r%apat &n%apan n 2

%%a(a" ka(or"&t&r,Ha( t&&r$&'!t %kar&nakan pa%a $aat n %r&ak$kan %&n#an (ar!tan

C!SO7- "aka n akan t&rok$%a$ o(&) (ar!tan C!SO 7, P&r$t4a t&r$&'!t $&$!a %&nn#an

%&r&t =o(ta - *at! K a Ca Na M# A( Mn n Cr F& C% N Sn P' 6H8

C! H# A# Pt A!- %"ana pa%a %&r&t =o(ta n '&ra%a %$&'&(a) kr $&%an#kan C!

'&ra%a %$&'&(a) kanan, Pa%a %&r&t =o(ta $&"akn k& kanan- pot&n$a( r&%!k$n*a $&"akn

'&$ar $&%an#kan $&"akn k& kr- k&"a"p!an ata! pot&n$a( ok$%a$n*a *an# $&"akn

'&$ar, .a% k&"a"p!an C! !nt!k "&n#a(a" r&%!k$ (&') '&$ar %arpa%a n,

Pa%ap&r3o'aan k&t#a *at! p&n&nt!an ka(or p&(ar!tan &tano( %a(a" ar, K&tka

&tano( %(ar!tkan %a(a" ar- "aka akan %(&pa$kan $&+!"(a) ka(or, &$arn*a p&r!'a)an ka(or

'&r#ant!n# pa%a kon$&ntra$ a4a( %an kon$&ntra$ (ar!tan t&r'&nt!k, Etano( %apat %(ar!tkan

%a(a" ar kar&na &tano( %an ar a%a(a) $&n*a4a po(ar- %"ana p&(ar!t po(ar)an*a %apat

"&(ar!tkan $&n*a4a po(ar %an 'a#t! +!#a $&'a(kn*a, Pa%a p&r3o'aan n %%apatkan ka(or

p&(ar!tan *an# pa(n# '&$ar a%a(a) ?,@2-1@ ."o( $aat 3a"p!ran @ "L %&n#an -B "L

&tano(, S&t&(a) ka(or p&(ar!tan "ak$"!" %%apatkan- t&r+a% p&n!r!nan pa%a ka(or

p&(ar!tan, Ha( t&r$&'!t %$&'a'kan o(&) +!"(a) ar *an# t&r(a(! 'an*ak $&%an#kan +!"(a)

&tano( t&r(a(! k&3( $&)n##a ar t%ak %apat "&n*&rap ka(or (a#,

Pa%a p&r3o'aan t&rak)r- *at! p&n&nt!an ka(or p&n&tra(an HC( %an NaOH,

P&n3a"p!ran 'a$a k!at %an a$a" k!at "&n#ak'atkan a%an*a pana$ n&tra($a$ *an#

%$&'a'kan o(&) n&tra($a$ a$a" o(&) 'a$a k!at, P&r!'a)an &nta(p pa%a ka(or p&n&tra(an %

%apatkan $&'&$ar 9,@?B-9B .o!(&"o(, Tan%a po$t> "&n!n+!kkan t&r+a%n*a r&ak$

&n%ot&r", N(a ka(or p&n&tra(an *an# %%apatkan "&n!n+!kkan 'a)4a ka(or *an#

%'!t!)kan !nt!k "&n&tra(kan $at! "o( 3a"p!ran HC( %&n#an NaOH $&'&$ar 9,@?B-9B

.o!(&, Pa%a #ra>k %%apatkan k&nakan $!)! pa%a tap $at! "&nt 6k&3!a( pa%a "&nt k& @


73/109

%an 9B $!)!n*a kon$tan8, Ha( n %$&'a'kan !nt!k "&n#)n%ar t&r+a%n*a r&ak$

p&r!'a)an ka(or 3a"p!ran (ar!tan *an# "&"(k p&r!'a)an $!)! *an# t&r(a(! '&$ar,

H. KESIMPULAN

&r%a$arkan p&r3o'aan *an# t&(a) %(ak!kan %apat %$"p!(kan 'a)4a :

1, Da(a" $&tap r&ak$ k"a akan $&(a(! %$&rta %&n#an p&r!'a)an &n&r#*, P&r!'a)an &n&r#

n %apat %()at $a(a) $at!n*a %ar p&r!'a)an $!)! *an# t&r+a%,

2, P&r!'a)an ka(or ata! &nta(p %apat %t&nt!kan %&n#an '&$arn*a p&r'&%aan &nta(p 5at *an#

'&r&ak$ %&n#an 5at )a$( r&ak$ %an %apat +!#a %()at %ar ka(or"&t&r,


74/109

ACARA IV

PENENTUAN MASA ATOM RELATIF

Mg

DAN


75/109

PENENTUAN TETAPAN GAS DAN

VOLUME MOLAR OKSIGEN

ACARA IV

PEPENENTUAN MASSA ATOM RELATIF M#

A, PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM

1, T!+!an Praktk!" : Unt!k "&n&nt!kan "a$$a ato" r&(at> 6Ar8 %ar (o#a"

Ma#n&$!" 6M#8,

2,


76/109

, T&"pat Praktk!" : La'orator!" K"a Da$ar Lanta III- Fak!(ta$

Mat&"atka %an I("! P&n#&ta)!an A(a""- Un=&r$ta$

Matara"

, LANDASAN TEORI

Ma$$a ato" r&(at> !n$!r!n$!r *an# %+!"pa % a(a" %apat %p&ro(&) $&'a#aratarata %ar "a$$a $otop $&tap !n$!r-%t"'an# '&r%a$arkan >rak$ k&("pa)ann*a, .ka

$!at! !n$!r t&r%r ata$ n $otop - $otop k& "&"p!n*a "a$$a A %an k&("pa)an >rak$ P1 -

"aka "a$$a ato" r&(at> ratarata !n$!r t&r$&'!t % a(a" 6"a$$a ato" r&(at> k"an*a8 a(a)

A A1P1A2P2,,,AnPn

Ma$$a ato" r&(at> n!k(%a "&n%&kat t&tap 6k&3!a( 12C8 t%ak t&pat $a"a %&n#an no"or

"a$$an*a, Ma$$a ato" r&(at> t%ak "&"(k $at!an kar&na an#ka n "&r!pakan n$'a) %ar

%!a "a$$a *an# %!k!r - apap!n $at!an *an# kta #!nakan 6#ra"- k(o#ra" -po!n% %an

$&t&r!$n*a8, Sp&ktro"&tr "a$$a "&r!pakan "&to%& pa(n# ak!rat 'a# k"a4an !nt!k

"&n&nt!kan "a$$a ato" %an "o(&k!( r&(at>, Da(a" $p&ktro"&t&r $at! ata! '&'&rapa

&(&ktron %a"'( %ar $&tap ato" ata! "o(&k!(, Sp&$&$ '&r"!atan po$t> *an# %)a$(kan

%na"akan on- %p&r3&pat o(&) "&%an ($trk k&"!%an %(&4atkan k& "&%an "a#n&t,

K&(&n#k!n#an (nta$an partk&( t&r#ant!n# pa%a n$'a) "!atan t&r)a%ap

"a$$an*a-$&'a#a"ana pa%a &k$p&r"&n T)o"p$on "&n#&na $nar kato%a 6&(&ktron8,

T&knk n "&n*&'a'kan $p&$&$ %&n#an "a$$a *an# '&r'&%a %apat %p$a)kan %an %%&t&k$,

S&'a#a 3onta) - &k$p&r"&n a4a( %a(a" $p&ktro"&tr "a$$a "&n!n+!kkan n$'a) "a$$a 1@

: 1 !nt!k ok$#&n r&(at> t&r)a%ap )%ro#&n p&na$an '&r%a$arkan t&knk >$k !nt!k r&ak$

*an# $&"!a %%&%!k$ %&n#an (an%a$an k"a 6Oto'*-2001:2298,

M&n!r!t Da(ton - "a$$a ato" a%a(a) $>at !ta"a !n$!r *an# "&"'&%akan $at!

!n$!r %&n#an *an# (ann*a, Kar&na ato" $an#at rn#an - "aka t%$k %apat %#!nakan $at!an

#ra" %an k(o#ra" !nt!k "a$$a ato" %an )ar!$ %3ar "a$$a ato" $&'a#a $tan%ar ,

P&r'an%n#an "a$$a ato" $at! "a3a" ato" $tan%ar %$&'!t "a$$a ato" r&(at>, Pa%a

"!(an*a %#!nakan )%ro#&n- %p() $&'a#a $tan%ar kar&na "&r!pakan ato" *an# rn#an ,

K&"!%an %#ant %&n#an ok$#&n - kar&na %apat '&r$&n*a4a )a"pr %&n#an $&"!a !n$!r ,

Sa(a) $at! $*arat "a$$a $tan%ar a%a(a) $ta'( %an "!rn- t&tap kar&na ok$#&n t&r%apat

%a(a" $otop 01@- 019- 01B- ak)rn*a pa%a ta)!n 1?@0 %t&tapkan C12 $&'a#a $tan%ar

%an C12 %t&tapkan "&"p!n*a "a$$a 12 $"a - %&n#an 1 $"a 1-@@ 10 27 #ra" %an

"a$$a ato" r&(at> t%ak "&"(k $at!an , Ma$$a ato" r&(at> $an#at p&ntn# %a(a" ("!


77/109


78/109

7, S&t&(a) (o#a" M# "&n+a% p!t)- %'&rkan t&t&$ ar 6#a$!ap *an# "&n#&p!(

%p&rk$a %&n#an k&rta$ (ak"!$8,, Kr!$ %p+arkan- k&"!%an %t"'an#,

E, HASIL PENGAMATAN


1, Dt"'an# kr!$ ko$on# %&n#an

t"'an#an ana(tk

Ma$$a kr!$ ko$on# ?-2@ #ra",

2, Dt"'an# (o#a" M# 0-1 #ra"-

%an %"a$!kkan k&%a(a" kr!$,

K&"!%an kr!$ %pana$kan

%%a(a" tan!r )n##a $!)!n*a"&a

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