A SPILL, A SLIP, A HOSPITAL TRIP

Job Safety AnalysisOrJob Hazard Analysis

Job Safety AnalysisFocusing your Safety and Health EffortsMATERI INI MEMBANTU KITA UNTUK MEMAHAMI JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS. MEMBANTU KITA MENGIDENTIFY DAN MEMBETULKAN TERKAIT KESELAMATAN TERHADAP SITUASI YANG LEBIH SERIUS.This course focuses on employee safety and health, but the general method may be applied to other loss prevention efforts (environmental and fire protection, liability, etc.)

Job Safety AnalysisFocusing your Safety and Health Efforts

Job Safety AnalysisWhat is a Job Safety Analysis (JSA)JSA adalah sebuah teknik untuk menscreening tugas tugas pekerjaan seperti mengidentifikasi bahaya sebelum terjadi.Fokus pada hubungan antara pekerja, tugas yang ada, peralatan dan lingkungan kerja.Setelah diidentifikasi bahayanya, kita dapat mengeliminasi atau mengurangi resiko bahaya sesuai dengan level yang dapat diterima. level. Hazard a potential for harmA hazard is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness.

Mengapa Dilakukan Job Safety AnalysisUntuk menjadikan kesadaran oleh semua level posisi di sebuah organisasi akan adanya potensi bahaya.Untuk mencegah pekerja dari kematian, terluka, sakit dengan mengeliminasi atau mengkontrol indentifikasi bahaya. Untuk memastikan semua pekerja melakukan pekerjaan dengan prosedur yang benar sesuai safety. Untuk memastikan semua pekerja mendapatkan training, peralatan, dan fasilitas lain agar mereka pekerja secara aman

Hazard AwarenessKetika melakukan JSA kita membutuhkan cara pandang yang baru terhadap suatu pekerjaan yang dikerjakan di tempat kerja.Just because "We've been doing it this way for 20 years,"doesn't mean that a hazard doesn't exist.Menerima sebuah resiko atau resiko bahaya artinya tidak sama dengan mengeliminasi atau mengontrol bahaya tersebut.Kita harus mau memandang segala kemungkinan bahaya dengan pemikiran terbuka. (We'll suggest a way to rank the hazards later.)

How do I Conduct a JSA?Libatkan pekerja dalam JSA process.Identifikasi pekerjaan atau tugas yang akan dianalisa.Pecah pekerjaan atau tugas dalam komponen komponen kunci.Identifikasi resiko bahaya yang muncul dalam tiap komponenUse accident history of injuries and near misses.Identifikasi cara untuk mengeliminasi atau mengontrol resiko bahaya ini.Lakukan pengeliminasian dan implementasikan pengontrolan terhadap resiko bahaya.Rekanm identifikasi dan langkah langkah untuk mengeliminasi atau mengontrol resiko bahaya.Lakukan kontrol secara periodik untuk memastikan karyawan bekerja dengan benar.

MENGIDENTIFIKASI JOBPekerjaan atau tugas yang terkait dengan kondisi berikut harus mempunyai JSA.Tasks with a history of injuries, or near misses.Catastrophic potential: fire, explosion, chemical release, toxic atmospheres, oxygen deficient atmospheres.Tasks done in new environments

Identifying the Job for AnalysisPekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh orang yang baru.Tugas yang mengalami perubahan.Pekerjaan yang jarang dilakukan.Pekerjaan yang dilakukan di bawah kondisi work permit. (e.g. permit required confined space, hot work permits, Lock Out/Tag Out).

Identifying Jobs for a JSA

Melihat Pekerjaan yang menyebabkan pekerja terluka berdasar informasi yang ditemukan:Your accident or incident reportsWorkers' compensation claimsConduct walk through observations to identify hazardous jobs or tasks.

Identifying the Job/Task for AnalysisExisting Information SourcesInsiden atau kecelakan yang dilaporkan kepada kita dimana pernah terjadi kecelakaan pada masaa lalu. Dont forget near misses.Klaim dari kompensasi pekerja akan menunjukan pekerjaan yang telah menyebabkan sebuah kecelakaan.

Identifying the Job/Task for AnalysisWalk-through ObservationsAmati pekerja dalam melakukan pekerjaan mereka untuk mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan cedera, berikan perhatian terhadap jumlah waktu melakukan pekerjaan.Bicara dengan pekerja untuk mencari tahu apa yang mereka pikirkan dan apa bagian paling berbahaya dari pekerjaan mereka.

Identifying the Job/Task for Analysis Hazard Sources - Walk-through Observations

Hazards Source ListFall Hazards:Are workers working at heights?Confined Space Entry:Do workers have to enter a confined space?Excavations, Holes or Floor Openings:Can workers fall into or through?Moving Equipment:Is there machinery, forklifts, etc. in the area?Pinch points:Do moving parts in machinery create pinch points? Can workers get caught in machinery or belts & pulleys, chains & sprockets, etc?Chemicals:Do workers use solvents, acids, bases, pesticides, consumer products, etc.?Crushing hazards:Can workers get crushed (under or between) objects?Dusts:Does the process create or are workers exposed to dusts (wood dust, grinding dusts, etc.)?

Identifying the Job/Task for Analysis Hazard Sources - Walk-through Observations

Hazards Source List contElectrical Hazards:What is the condition of your extension cords, wiring, service panels, etc.?Lighting Levels:Is there enough light to do the work?Stored Energy Hazards (Electrical, mechanical, pressure):Can stored energy be released by the work? (Lock-out/Tag-out)

Falling or dropping objects:Are people working overhead?Motor vehicles or traffic:Do workers have to drive or work in traffic as part of the job?Sharp objects:Do workers use knives, razors, etc.?Slip, trip or fall hazards:What is the condition of the walking/ working surfaces, housekeeping, etc.?Physical layout of work place:Does the layout or process flow create a hazard?Ladder or Scaffold use:Are ladders or scaffolds used in the work?

Identifying the Job/Task for Analysis Hazard Sources - Walk-through Observations

Hazards Source List contWeather:Can the weather create hazards?Fire/Explosion:Is there a potential for a fire or explosion?Access and Egress:Can workers safely get to their work areas? Can they safely evacuate in the case of an emergency?Process Flow:Does the flow of product through the process create a hazard?Location of co-workers or other workers in the area:Does the work pose a hazard to them, or does their work pose a hazard to the job being analyzed?Human factor issues:Is the training adequate? Are the workers fatigued? How fit are the workers, etc.?Material Moving or Handling:Do workers have to lift or carry heavy objects?

Repetitive Motion :Does the job require repetitive motion (typing, etc.)?

Melakukan JSA yang melibatkan pekerja dan pimpinan

Sekali kita mengidentifikasi pekerjaan membutuhkan JSA kemudian lakukanlah JSAThey can help to identify hazards and they will have ownership of the JSA and may more readily accept the findings and hazard controls selected.

Conducting a Job Safety Analysis

Once the job is identified, you must break it into key components or sub-tasks and then identify and list all the hazards associated with each subtask.What can go wrong?What are the consequences?How could a problem happen?How likely is it that the hazard will occur?The following screens will help you break down a job, and identify and rank hazards.

Tanggung jawab manajemenKoordinator proyek HSE, HSE Engineer, Project Superintendent bertanggung jawab untuk :Memastikan bahwa sistem pengendalian bahaya ini terlaksana untuk kegiatan atau aktivitas perusahaan di tempat kerja.Proses JSA dilakukan, dicatat dan direview sebelum melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya terhadap karyawan atau lingkungan termasuk membahayakan aset atau operasional perusahaan dan juga reputasi atau citra perusahaan.Proses JSA dipakai untuk memastikan bahwa untuk pada akhirnya semua karyawan yang terlibat atas suatu pekerjaan menjadi peduli akan bahaya yang terkait atas pekerjaan itu.

Project Superintendent akan melaksanakan atau mempertimbangkan hal-hal berikut ini :Supervisor yang bertanggung jawab atas suatu pekerjaan sesuai cakupan yang tercantum di dalam JSA.Ruang lingkup secara pasti atas pekerjaan yang akan dilaksanakan.Dampak pekerjaan yang ditimbulkan terhadap kegiatan di tempat kerja lain.Pekerjaan dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan dari tempat kerja lain.Lokasi kerja.

Kapan pekerjaan itu akan dilaksanakan dan berapa lama.Urut-urutan pekerjaan sampai selesai.Tenaga kerja / persyaratan kemahiran atau keterampilan yang diperlukan.Persyaratan peralatan / mesin-mesin (plant) yang lain.Bahan kimia atau material berbentuk padatan/serbuk (bulk materials) yang diperlukan dan/atau cara menanganinya.Ketersediaan prosedur atau instruksi kerja.Apakah diperlukan ijin kerja (Permit To Work/PTW)?

Project Superintendent:Harus memahami fase pekerjaan dan prosedur yang dipakai.Mengetahui lokasi atau tempat kerja dari pekerjaan yang diusulkan.Tanggal dan waktu kapan pekerjaan dimulai (baik yang kritis untuk keperluan permohonan penerbitan ijin kerja atau Permit to Work (PTW).

Persyaratan tenaga kerja dan nama-nama pekerja yang ditunjuk untuk mengeksekusi pekerjaan tersebut.Persyaratan peralatan atau plant seperti forklift, cherry picker dan alat-alat berat lainnya.Persyaratan material yang akan dipakaiBahan-bahan kimia berbahaya atau hazmat (hazardous material) yang akan dipakaiProsedur atau instruksi kerja (work instruction)Memahami bagian-bagian yang terkait dari Risk Register

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisBreak Identified Job into KEY ComponentsToo much detail makes the Job Safety Analysis cumbersome. Too Much DetailGet ladder from storage.Get new light bulb from storage.Carry ladder and light bulb to light needing changing.Place ladder under light to be changed.Ensure light switch is in the off position.Climb ladder.Remove light cover.Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until it is free of the socket.Remove old light bulb.Remove new light bulb from package.Insert new light bulb into socket.Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened.Replace Cover.Descend ladder.Place old light bulb in trash.Carry ladder back to storage.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisBreak Identified Job into KEY ComponentsToo little detail may omit hazards.Too Little Detail

Get a ladder and new light bulb.Change bulb.Put ladder away and throw out old light bulb.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisBreak Identified Job into KEY ComponentsThe correct amount of detail breaks the job into components that make sense in terms of the overall job.Right Amount of DetailGet ladder and new light bulb.Place ladder under light to be changed.Use ladder, change bulb.Put tools and supplies away.When evaluating a task, such as "changing a light bulb" remember that you do not want too much detail, or too little detail, keep your focus on obtaining the right amount of detail.

Generally limit the number of components to 10 or less.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisQuestions to Ask about each Sub-taskThis following list of questions is intended to help focus your effort at identifying and controlling hazards. While the list is comprehensive, it is not complete, and you'll need to think about the sub-tasks and the particular hazards they present.Questions to ask Does the layout of the location or process create hazards, (e.g. pedestrian/fork-lift traffic)?Is there adequate access and egress to and from the work area?Are workers exposed to temperature extremes?Is the lighting adequate?Is the work done outdoors? Can the weather create a hazard?

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisQuestions to Ask about each Sub-task ContDoes the task require entering a confined space?Is the work done at heights (from a ladder, roof top, etc.)?Do the tools or equipment create a hazard?Is there excessive noise or vibration?Can any part of the worker's body or clothing be caught in the equipment?Is the tool or equipment appropriate for the task (strength, size, power, etc.)?Are chemicals used?Does the worker come into direct contact with the chemicals?

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisQuestions to Ask about each Sub-task ContAre the chemicals released into the air (gas, mists, vapors, etc.)?Are workers exposed to electrical hazards? Are there excavations, holes, or floor openings in the work area?Are the workers exposed to stored energy hazards such as; line pressure, electricity, steam, or falling objects?Does the process start and stop automatically?Are robotics used in the process?Can human factor issues (training, fitness, fatigue, etc.) create a hazard? Is there risk of injury from material handling such as lifting, carrying, pushing or pulling)?Is there risk of repetitive motion injury?

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisRanking Hazardous TasksOnce you've identified the jobs that have the potential to or are in fact injuring workers, you'll need to rank these tasks and start addressing the most serious first.One method for ranking tasks considers the probability of the hazard causing injury, along with an estimate of the severity of the resulting injury.These are not necessarily precise predictions of when and how severe an injury may be, they are an estimate of the outcome and the likelihood of the injury occurring.The next three slides presents this methodfor ranking hazardous tasks.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisA Method to Prioritize Hazardous TasksConsider the severity of an injury if something were to go wrong while doing a task.Look at the four categories under "Severity.

Severity4 Catastrophic, may cause death3 Critical, may cause serious injury or illness2 Marginal, may cause minor injury or illness1 Negligible, will not cause injury or illness

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisA Method to Prioritize Hazardous TasksNext think about how often the worker is exposed to the hazard using the categories found in the "Probability" table.

Probability5 Frequently, likely to occur frequently4 Probable, will occur several times3 Occasional, likely to occur2 Remote, unlikely but possible1 Improbable, so unlikely it can be assumed that it will not occur

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisA Method to Prioritize Hazardous TasksMultiply the "Severity" rank by the "Probability" rank. Organize the hazardous tasks by their score from highest to lowest, address the highest scored tasks first.This method can help you decide which is more important, an infrequent job that has the potential to kill a worker, or a frequent job that is injuring workers.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisJSA Sample Form

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisEliminating or Controlling Hazards

Sekarang bahwa Anda telah mengidentifikasi pekerjaan dan mengevaluasi sub-tugas dan bahaya mereka, Anda perlu mengidentifikasi cara untuk menghilangkan atau mengendalikan bahayaMetode terbaik untuk melindungi pekerja adalah untuk menghilangkan bahaya pada sumbernya. "Mentransfer RisikoJika eliminasi tidak mungkin, mengendalikan bahaya pada sumbernya dengan kontrol rekayasa atau eksposur batas menggunakan kontrol administratif.Jika teknik atau administrasi kontrol tidak cukup untuk mengurangi eksposur ke tingkat yang dapat diterima, alat pelindung diri harus digunakan.Alat pelindung diri juga digunakan sementara kontrol rekayasa sedang diinstal.

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisEliminating HazardsBenar-benar menghilangkan bahaya atau proses - sebagian besar tidak realistisKontrol engineering - mengubah proses atau re-engineering untuk menghilangkan atau meminimalkan bahayaYang paling efektif adalah mengukur kontrol bahayaMengurangi bahaya lebih reliableIsolate the hazard enclose a hazardous machineSubstitution - substituting a toxic chemical with one having a lower toxicity

Conducting a Job Safety AnalysisEliminating HazardsAdministrative Controls Memperketat prosedur dan praktek kerja yang aman, termasuk penggunaan bahan berbahayaAlarm, tanda-tanda dan peringatanTrainingMembatasi Exposure k batasan pada waktu tugas-tugas berbahaya Sistem yang bersahabatPersonal Protective Equipment is acceptable as temporary control method Respirators Hearing protectionEye protectionHardhatsProtective clothing including shoes

Controlling HazardsSummaryIf the hazard can not be eliminated, steps must be taken to control the worker's exposure to it through:Engineering ControlsAdministrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Combinations of Controls Combinations of Controls may need to be used if the hazard can't be completely controlled by engineering controls alone.

TERIMAKASIH

CONTOH KASUSBUATLAH JSA UNTUK PEMBERSIHAN DAHAN DAHAN POHON DI JALUR KABEL TERBUKA PLN -