itha ninte amma - mar 2014

8/12/2019 Itha Ninte Amma - Mar 2014

1/36

4NWm Xks Ddmv 5341


2/36

5 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

gmB

XktemI

4. Lm ipgktbo {]tHmoBpw tgk5. iBfdXpoynps^epw dmXimnkXptgk>. DpW D^eml, tnmIbmkB

iwcgkm tgk1. ]nkbpmst DcktoBkXptgk6. >3,333 dmWrcpw Dgnps^ Egbypw

tgk

5341 SXpgnk 4 dpW Sq >3 gsn

^SBUBQ BK OF^V^, MDUBDK IJJADUDM,Eubhabk` kj. BW / 1>4, Mdkjrdmd Oukntbjk, Qgrbssur - 4, Ifrdhd, Bkabd.

Sg? 3170 >5373, 520363>, 5113374F-mdbh? spbrbtbkofsusC`mdbh.njm Pfe? www.spbrbtbkofsus.jr`

tfmB ipgk tbogWvB n P k Xp tgk idk p p


3/36

>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 >NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

dakeks ipBrWdmWrBLs ssKWXyw dYp gk tX m hr_y dm Bpp9 Um Ls

]kImdkBp XBp ipBrWdmWrB tWXktXepw tWBteepwDWkbekpWpdmBpp ({]cm 51?53).

Xps^ _kgynBXjtbmeps^ Deme dakespakp XkWymXw Dnpsep Nu dtXmhngmByw L{W AKkWgpw Dgp dm ek nk pp.

Nutbm BmnpPygmXmPv9 dakew dmYpnyiqemPv. Bevtmgkom _tdm Dg nk Gnk fp dk9 {]WypW iudy Wepw ih Wm ]gpwgmfygpw DXdme BnpPepw i_m {]WydmPv.

Nutbmeps^ dmWrB DXpIdkpgXpw dakeks gmfyk E{bekpgXpw cmIygm.

Dgnps^ ihmew Ltm`pw DgXp fckpsBmknkpw. Nutbmeps^ cudkB SjgkWksf ipBrWdmWrBBsl DXpivdnkkv DgsBmsmnp mX ]pov]dnk AmpB.

Dt ipBrWdmWrBBlpw SjggKXlpw iBf fuBkB ipslepwBm DdqfydmPv. DWpt]msfWs dakeks SjgkWKnyBtlepw dYpngKXtlepw Bpakp {bm]qw YymXkpB. DgekXkp XkXp bkepw ihmegpw fckpw9 hr_eks DgbWB Xjk ipOgpw Atogpw XBp ikuoYlmPg.

ipBrW in Pk ek i {]Bm tn Pepw Xps^ DWyp ddm_bkBlpw dmWrBBlpw Nutbmepw dakegpdmBpp9 Dgnps^ dmWrBi_m tXmk ]QkpB9 Dg XBp Xktb i{bw tBXpinkpB. Dgnps^ iuOykfpw Im\dme sLBykfpw i_m SjgkpB.

Xps^ _kgynBXme Nutbmeps^epw Dgk^ps ]nkbpdmWm gme dak e k sepw SjgkW nh iy slpakv Esn kfpwiwimnkpWmem DsWtm`pw i{bw tBpB9 Xdpmgbydp bkepw Ebzmigpw Nutbm, dakew L WknpXmd Lpdm{Ww Asmppsp Bqs^qs^ KkkpB.

dnk em Xp B nPw


4/36

1 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

BpBlpw dPkGmVapw Deevt tdgkfmiw?

LVktmake 6

Ls izw ]nkbpmstmgv 45 t^mw iO ake

dfse dmp gkbzmiw 4

Nutbm eps^ Ebzmiw 51 dkXk ]mfm

imm dapgevpgm.... 50ZZkW tSm

gmB >>

iv]knkv N Sji v, dnkeBq^mnw, ZkVkwIv XBW/1>4

dtXmnd SwIvo, Wrbq 5373, 520363>, 5113374

f.mdbh? spbrbtbkofsusC`mdbh.njmwfesbtf? www.spbrbtbkofsus.jr`

G{]Wk 46.33Gnpgotv 473.33Dpgotv 233.33gkt_btv 4633.33

Sdymfkt ? Ey MJ/AA/Ngfquf jk dky edki Sdydehf dt Qgrbssur ardwk bk ldvjur jl ^SBUBQ BK OF^V^.Ljr ngfqufs ardwk jtgfr tgdk d Qgrbssur Edki, phfdsf daa edki ngdr`fs C 63/- pfr ngfquf.

Uf`bjkdh nfktrfs?

^urbdkfhhy? Mdrbdk Nfktrf, Mdryhdka,^urbdkfhhy S.J 260, 2713427116

\fhdkidkkb? Mdrbdk Nfktrf, Qfdngfrs Njhjky.\fhdkidkkb -


5/36

6NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

LVk tm ak e

6NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

dmtm_ji N{Wepwbkep Bq_mbtem:

Nnp]kepgos Ls Estje SjgkWk glsntesa DpW Um Bkpv. Lm Ls @gpdYkBw DWkbekk DpWwX^Wv 5341 SXpgnk 56 Xv Eeknpp. Wrq nq]Weps^ Wrqnkfp Gnpss_gmfek Ls dBs Bpks dmtm_ji X^pBemPv. E dmtm_jimek ]s^ppgm Bp^pwZitdWw UmXpw ]keksfk. ]keksfK^v B`km ivtXhgknpv. DWkfpw ]s^pPw. itmow ]psgPw. NWkXp dpv 56 gokXk^ek ]f dmtm_jimekfpw Um ]s^pkpv. Lm Wrqnk Dv Um ]s^p mXivXmXw L Bq_mbLs SjgkWs ]k^kpBpfppWmek dmak.

ss_gmfe Bgm^k ]ptnmhkW gpXkkv BpksX ss_gmfekXBtv PkpsBmp]ap, icektfv Xks izjBnkppsg v. Wp^v Dm nevp idj ] dmek Lm gnpw Xkf sBmp. gkbp


6/36

< NWm Xks D dmv 5341< NWm Xks D dmv 5341

Zfk Enwckp. izje dmYpnytms^ Gnp epgssg_kB]mp B ]m^k _kgyZfk em nwckp. dp npssg_kBnpw Dt

h tm s^mw Am ek np p._kgyZfkemnwckv Xkdko tXnkXpk DpW]qdmeizje imkyw E ss_gmfektfkakgp. ss_gmfew dp`p g Yqd ]q nk W dm ek.ss_g ks ]nk bp k sBmvDgk^w dp`p g Xka p.

LXkp Wa ek Xkm Xmgm bk sBmv Dgk^wXkaepWv Um DXpcgkakp. Bp B Wpa m XmgmsW E izje fhnkek

Um DsXte Xkp. ]nkbpmstmgks bk, Gnp gfke {]gmhw t]msf Dgkt^evv G`pBksmknpp. Gmtnm bp{bqoepw ]ptnmhkW sKptm`pw izkXkpw gpsBmknp ]nkbpmst imkyks bk Bq^ksmknpp. Um

Ls hr_ek {]mkp, Bmtg, Gnp bkbpgmeknptm Um mXivXmXwizjBnktm NsWmpw Um DXpcgkkpmeknkpBek. DsXkv BkmsW t]megkbpjBnPgpw ]nkbpmst bkepw Ntm Ls td Dev Ls mXivXmX{gWsl XgjBnkpBepw Ls DcktoBw sKpBepw sKtPtd.

mXivXmXw iceps^ Bq_mbemsPk DWv izks bp{bqoemPv. DWvizks gfke Gnp ]WkemPv. Nu tfmBk SXkp Gnp BpksX izktWmk dmpgm izw L{Wdm{Ww ApBWemPv {]B^dmpWv. iznmSyktfv Gmtnm BpksXepw dmtm_jimekfqs^ Bmgv izjBnkptm E BpvBmgktWmek dmak`kp. DWv izktWmekjnpp.

idqhksf AWXme Gnp gyk Gnp nmov{^je ]mkek DwIWzsd^ppBemsPk L{W gfke {]KmnPtm^pw Wkdktm^pw Bq^kemeknkpw Demsl ]mkektfv izjBnkpB. mXivXmXkfqs^ Gnpg ss_gnmSyk DwIdmBptmizw L{W dm{Ww Em _ c nk W dm Bp p sgv Um DXp c gk ak Xkdk o dm ek nppDWv. B`k golksfmw Ls Gmtnm bp{bqoBlkfpw ]nkbpmstmgks imkygpw bkepw Um gydmek DXpcgkakemapv. E imkyw Wnp DXkK


7/36

0NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 0NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

Xjedme hr_emm_w GptgsaWsemPv. DWv tfmBk Gnk^pw Xdpv DXpcgkakemXmgk. Dv mXiv XmX idepw DtW DXpcgw LXkpmek. DcpWtms^ Um Ltm^v ]ap, dmtm_jimevv N{Wepw bktem:

LkXmPp dXoy ivXmXs^pWv, LksXemPv ivXmXst^Wv: bkbp

mXivXmXw bnktem: Nv DtXBw t]pw Ebep`w Amp tKm_ylmPkg. mXivXmXgpdmek Zs Kkf Bmny Ngks^ gkgnkpgm E{IhkpBemPv.

LkXmPv ivXmXs^pWv: tebp{BkivWp ss_gnmSyw m]kmXmPv Nu cqdkektfv B^pgWv. Ws

_uWy ks {]mnw c dmek Dgk pv tSmm X_k ek gv ivXm] B tem h m XkXkpw ivXmXw izjBnkp. ""ivXmXw B`kep^ tebp sgk Xkp Beak.

Dtm izIw Wpasp. ss_gmWvdmgv {]mgksa nq]k Wsa tdNakgnpWv Dg Bp. Ng Lsa {]ke]p{W9 NgXk Um {]im_kknkppLv Gnp iznw izIkXkp tBp'' (dm >?4?15,1>).

tebp ivXmXstm Wpas izw ]ap_jimemPv. E_ks ]m][f dmek D^ ev s iz nm Sysd ]ap _jim ]kj^v Wpa s pWv tebp gksmXivXmX idemPv. mXivXmXw g`k ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkp ss_gdp gmIv_mXdmPv, AamPv ]ap_ji. ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkm GnpgSf mfpw Estm gk Xmfpw SXk Pw. (temh >?6). mX ivXm X k fqs^ Gnp gSfmfpw EstmgkXmfpw SXkv ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkpp. ss_gnmSyk{]tgbkg ss_ggKXdXpinkv SjgkPw. ss_gnmSyw gkbp nmSydmPv. ss_gnm Sy k {]tg bk g ""sWns^ps gwbgpw nmSBje]ptnmhkWIPgpw


8/36

7 NWm Xks D dmv 53417 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

gkbp_vYSXWepw ss_gksa izw SXgpdmPv'' (4 ]t{Wmiv 5?2).

ss_g g K X d Xp i nkv gkbp nmek Sjgk p @gpw Dg Bm b s WmPv]ap _j i. mX ivXmXw Gnp gXv iz k {]tg bk p gm Xp Dg Bmbw Aa mpp.

ss_gnmSyks Nu cqdkeksf BmPs^p nq]dmPv Wknpic. Wknpic tebp{BkivWpgks Wknpnjngpw ]nkbpmstmgks EfegpdmPv. mXivXmXkfqs^Gnp Bpv ss_gnmSykfpw Wknpicekfpw DwIdmek dmapw.

ivXmX s Gnp gykeps^ hr_eksf izsd ss_gnmSyw Wpa s pp. Dgks^ ]nk bp m stm gpv, Dgks^ ]kWmgpv, Dgks^ tebp

gpv, Dgks^ izdpmgPw. tebp]a p, ""Ls ivtXhkpgLsa gKXw ]mfkpw. DtmLsa ]kWmgv DgsX ivtXhkpBepw U Dgsa D^pp gvDgXk gmidpakpBepw sKpw''(temh 41?5>). mXivXmXw izjBnkv gKXdXpinkv Sjgkp Gnpg

Xk ]kWm gpw ]p{WXpw ]nk bp mstmgpw gikpp. Dgks^ izdpv, ]nk bp BXy Bm d ak egpw gkbpnpw ss_g_qWmnpw E izkAm gpw.

bkbpmXivXmXw bnktem:

dmWm ]k Wm v SXk p Gnp

Bpks Dg Bm b dm Pv DWksdmWm]kWmlps^ t]nk Dakes^pB, dmWm ]k Wm m nps^ Bp^pw Z tnk Dakes^pB LWv. DXp_kXmhmnw, giv{Ww, ]nk K n Pw, gk_ymcymiw Wp^k Lsmw dXp oyXv

Egbydptm DsWmw Gnp BpkXv DgBmbsWmPv. Gnp Bpks Egby dmWm]kWm Xkatgksm^pmWknpm Dgsn Sekfk D^evpgmXp


9/36


Bm by Xk e d eqtam ]y nmSy lk fq v. Nu tfmB ks Lm Dg Bm blpw ipO iuBnylpw DgBmbdmek Gnp BpkXv fckppsgk DWksEstmgks nevv EgbydmekpWpw dmWm]kWmlk Xkpw fckpgm EBpkXv DgBmbdpv. cuWjBgpw cudjBgpdme Bmny dm{Wd, Estjegpw

izjegpdme Bmny fckpgm @sWmnp bkbpgkXpw DgBmbdpv.ss{BivWgnme dmWm]kWmp SXk Bpks DgBmbdmPv {BkivWym

Xkemek glnpBseWv. mXivXmXw GnpgsX ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkkpWp sBmv Gnp Bpks Dg Bm b dmPv bkbp gm ek nk s W s, ivXmX sv ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkpB LWv. bkbpgmeknks, E Bpv dnkpt]mBppsgkDWks XkWyn mXivXmXw g`k Aamk`kp. Lm ivXmXs^mGnp BpkXv E DgBmbw Aamek fckpk.

gkbzikp ivXmXs^pB

DB tm fkm ic B gfke {]mYm Xy tms^ ]Qk kp Gnp gK X dmPkWv. gkbzikp ivXmXw izjBnkpg nks^pw. gkbzikmg bkks^pw (dtm 4


10/36


GnpgXv ]kbmKksX ]pammB`keptdm: tnmIkse ipOs^pm B`keptdm: DXycmoBiwimnkm imYkptdm: Gnk

fp dk . BmnPw Ng semw]nkbpmstmgks {]gkBlmPv. tebp{BkivWpgk gkbzikv]nkbpmstmgksX izjBnkpgmPv Nu Br] B fck pB. tebp{Bkiv Wpgks XmdkSfm ivXmXsWpsBmpdm{Ww GnpgXv ]nkbpmstmgksX

fckpk Lv gKXw imys^ppp. A_mhnPkXv idnk em ek fp g ]jfk tm ikfqs^ gKXw tBp. tebp gkgkbzikp, Sfm ivXmXsp. Lm Dgv ]nkbpmstmgksX Bkkeknpk. ]kj^v]t{Wmipw temhmXpw idnk

em ek gv Dg nps^ tdssBB sgv {]mk tm

`mPv ]nkbpmstmgv Dgnps^ td Na kg Wv (D. 7?41 40).

tebp ]ap, gkbzikpgtnm^pBqs^ Nu D^eml Ameknkpw. gkbzikv ivXmXs^pgtnm^pBqs^ Lp Bqkgmekm iwbew dmapw. gkbzikp ivXmXs^pgmPv Br]B fckpWv. Nu Br]B ]nkbpmstmgk Xkpw fckpWmPv. tebp Xmdk Sfm ivXmXs^pg ]nkbpmstmgkfpw ivXmXs^ptm`mPv Br]B fckpWv, bk fckpWv. ]kbmKpsl ]pampWpw tnmIkBsl ipO s p p Wpw DXy cm o B iwim nk p Wp sdmw ]nk bp m stm gks{]gk B lm Pv. ss_g g KXw gkbz ikv Ws s gkbp j B nkv {]mk p tm`mPv GnpgXv ]nkbpmstmgksX fckpB.

DWpsBmv Gnpg gkbzikv izjBnkt ivXmXw ]nkbpmstmgks ivXmXdmPv. bkbpgmeknkt, Ls iWtdm Daktgm NmsW Um ivXmXsp. ]t,LXkv ss_gttem, Dgk^ps EstmgksXtem Dakem B`kk. Lm dpkdqmds ge k ss_ggKXkfqs^ Um gjpw SXkm ss_gw N^emk.


11/36


Ls td ]nkbpmstmgks bk gjpw ]BpWp. gKXw ]QkmXpw ss_gsivtXhkpgmXpw ]nkbpmstmgv Ls ihmekp.

gjpw SXXw ?""gjpw SXkpksk GnpgXp ss_gnmSyw BmPm B`kepBek'' (temh

>?>). Sfm SXk Gnp bkbp gjpw SXkPw. DWp gjpw sgk dpkek. ss_ggKXsd sgw sBmv Dg B`pBs^Pw. Gnp ss{BivWgsX gjpw SXkkpWv ss_ggKXsd SjgSfdmPv. ""Xk gjpw SXkknkpWv XbzndmeZjSk Xk9 DXbzndme ZjSk XkmPv iSjggpw iXmWXgpdmess_ggKXk Xkv'' (4 ]t{Wm 4?5>).

gjpw SXkPsd gKXs _pgymOymXw sKevWv Btmfksn gjpwsgk dpk ic dmpWv Gnkfpw Bmgks {]gke. DsWmnp ss]bmKkB {]gkemPv. N{]Bmnw gks DtXBnkfpw ss]bmKkB ZXw UmBkpv. Gnp Btmfk gjpw SXktWv ss_ggKXmfpw ]nkbpmstmgkXmfpdmPv.

ss_gnmSyw icekfqs^emPv Nu tfmBk ]qdmtBWv. icBlkfqs^e.ss_gnmSyks Lm ]qWBlpw Btmfkm Wknpicevpv. dm]mm, BkXmdm, sd{Wmdm, ssg_jB, BXymiv{WjB, gkbzmikB Wp^k iceps^ H^X]nk bp m stm gks {]gk emPv. ic tebp gks bnj n dm B em Dg imX Xmlp gsnepw icse ]nkbpmstmgv Xekpw. ]nkbpmstmgv icse gkpt]mek Lsms

ep ]QX ]kbmKks gymtdmh dm{WdmPv. tfmBmgimXw gsn icepmBpw. icse Xekm dm]mmdmnpw dv Estje ]kWmmnpdpmgpw.

B`k 40 go dmek mX ivXm X s p akv Um {]iw Ik p Bmny lmPv Ngks^ gkb_ dm k e Wv. ss_g ks Estmgv Ls ]Qk k Bmny . GnpLVktmakefkXptgk dm{Ww L`pWkege. Ls gkbzmidkWmPv mXivXmXkfqs^ Um ss_gnmSyk {]tgbkgXpw (temh >?6) ss_gnmSyw BmPpgXpdmPv (temh >?>). ss_gnmSyw BmPpgm tgk Ls dpkdqmds ge kUm ss_ggKXkfqs^ gjpw SXkp. ]nkbpmstmgks bk LXkp fckp. Nu

gjpw SXX {]{Bke Gnp Wp^gkbpjBnP{]{BkeemPv. Gmtnm {]mgbygpw ss_ggKXkfqs^ Um B`pBsv Lss gkbpjBnkptm Um nq]mns^pp.]pWke irov^kemek WjpsBmknkpp. DsX ss_ggpdmek Bq^pW D^ppsBmknkpp. Um X^p Gmtnm Bpimngpw Um izjBnkp Gmtnm gkbpBpmXepw Ls bkepw ZfgpdmPv. Lksf ss_gnmSyw bgpw ]nkbpgpdmsPk Um iznmSykXv temIyXmPv. Nu cqdkek sgpWs Gmtnm dXpoyXpwNu DXpcgktfv B^pgv iznmSyks DgBmbkemek WjnPw. hmtfp.

t^mw iOake, Kj[v LVk.


12/36


t^mw iO ake

""]gWlktfp Um BpB Aepp9 LXkp ihmew Lgks^ Xkpgnpw: LXkp ihmew BmgkXkp gnpp9 EBmbgpw cqdkepw irov^kBmgkXkv'' (ij 454 ?45).

ss_gw ihmekpw Lp gkbzikpgnpw DWv DXpcgkakkpgnpw glsnBpagmPv. ijB tKm_kpp LXkp ihmew Lgks^Xkp gnpp: Um ]g

Wlktfv BpB Aepp. tfmBksf dXpoynktf, Ws N^tmpw gftmpd AWlktfv BpB Aep ijB. dXpoyXv {]bvX XkngYkemPv. @sWkfpsdmnp {]bvXdpmBptm dXpoy izcmgkBdmepw ]nihmew tW^pp. nmov{^jemnktfm, t]mfjiktfm, tBm^WkBlktfm dXpoy E{bew tW^pp. Ngks^semw ]nmSesm dm{Wtd dXpoy ss_gktfp WknkepBepq. Lm ss_gjBdXpoy Ltm`pw Ws Lm Egbypw ss_gktfp _rov^kB AepgXpw, ss_gtm^v {]mkpgXpw, ss_gssmv {]gkkpgXpdmPv.

SjgkWk iBf {]Wymbepw Xov^sknp Gnp imhKnykfmPv 4277 UmBmgksX BpdpkeWv. gfke {]bvXlpsêpw {]WkikBlpsêpw Nêkfqs^ B^p

Ls izw ]nkbpmstmgv 7


13/36

4>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 4>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

t]m e tm, ihm e k Xp tgk ]n ihmew tW^m dX k Etfm Kk tmBmgv Ls gkfk. gKXkfqs^ Dgk^p s tm^v ]aepw, N^ tmtm gftmtm Xj tXmnpWv, dXpoynk E{bek

npWv. Ls Estje SjgkWks ssbbg_b ek ]nk bp m stmgv LXkp XBkeZmf]mQdmeknpp ss_gk E{bekpBL Wv.

Ls dX k iwb e Ae nptm, Ls dX p tg_ X sBmp ]k^ eptm, Ls {]bvXv Gnp Anw fcktk gnptm Um Bmgk E{bekp. DsX Eekjnm Ls ]nkbpmstmgv Ls ]nkbjfkkp. Um Eeknp iqnysXkek Gnp {]mXm {IqtmtXWm tlm Am ek np k . N^ gBkNmWknpWkXm ]ptnmhkWXpmeknpk. ]t, ]nk bp m stmgv Ls Xkn nwihmekpsBmknpp. @sWkfpw {]bvXkXv Bm gk Xkpw Anw BkmssZZklk E{bekp BnkivdmkpBmsn p akv Um tBk p m ek np p.ssZZk Bksf^pv B^v {]mkpB. ssZZk Wpa p B, DWk {]tWyBwiv]bk s p gKXw ss_g hk W dmekL^ppB. Nnsdmnp njWk s]mWpgmek BnkivdmkpBm L^pknpp.

DtW njWkWs UmXpw izjBnkp.LXkv Ls kfpw Dak e P sd kssZZk Bk sf pv {]mk pw.Bmtg Dgk^pv iwimnktPtd. BpB D^v D{] Bmnw Um {]mk ptm LXksmnp DXpcgdpmBpw izk Xkpw, Aenk Xkpw Gnp {]BmbBknPdkak Ls ssBBlkfp ssZZklktfv gnpWv. DWp BmPp A^sX UmssZZk Wpapw. E {]BmbBknPw ]Wkfv Ls gkn Um Ddpw.Wp^v BpB Wpav DWv gmekpw. DWvLXk p izje ]kWm gks it b dm

eknkpw. DWv Um BrWydmek gkbzikp.SjgkWk DWpUm DXpcgkp.

Nu tfmBk Esnmlpw DYkBdmek Xs ihm ek p gm B`k gp gBmgv dm{WdmPv. Dgk^ps ]nkbpmstmgkfqs^ Dgk^pv Xs ihmekpp.ssZZk lksf Gmtnm gmpw ss_g g K X dmPv. ss_gw iwimnkkp gmpB. Npwss_gw iwim nk p gmp B. ss_gks gKXw Estmgpw SjgXpdmPv (temh


14/36


dmi B`ktm ss_gw Gnp imhKnyw Gnp k p. Ls dq ithm _nkepw cmgpw Ls ihmeksXk.Dg Nmnyw Ls ]kWmgpdmek iwimnkp. DWp gfksemnp dmX ikB WB ek

fmPv Ls Lk Wv.Dp nm{Wk LXkv Aa m Xm ek .

sXp W B Wp t]msf gfk semnp cmnwsXk fk nk p p. nm{Wk ek Um Wknkpw dakpw Bk^p. Aam ]pk.{]mk m ]p k. GkXpw LsEbz ik k m Xm ek . tXnw ]pf nm am ek.tBm`k BqgpWp Um tBp. Dfv]wt]mfpwAamsW dX p gjpw gfke sUnpk

fm ek. {]cm W k Um LsX @gtnepw DckdpOjBnkpw: Um dX k ]ap, Bmtg, Ltm^v BnpPBmPkPsd, Ls GpaPtd. Nu DgekLXkv Esnepw GksXepw tXnk^pgmXptbok ek .

D] ide kXqk LXkv Gnpdew tWmk. Im\ dme Xk{_ ek L

t]msf Um Aa k. ]t E idepWs Um Km^k se p t p. Aa k LXkpme DXpcgw NWmPv. gfkeiqny {] Bmbw t]msf Ls dpak ek fmsB{]Bmbw. tXnw Xpemek L tWmtfm

s^, glsneYkBw Aaktmetm L Kktems^ Bk^ek Xkpw Um Km^kse`ptp. L`ptkmPv BpB WpaWv. dpakek X Nnpv. BX Nnpv. ]papw XNnp m sPpw tXnw ]pfk k spwLXkp dX kfmek. Um gjpw BkfkBk^ p. Bp B gjpw D^ p. de mWp^ k. gl sn s] sv DtW {]Bmbw dpakemsB XkapXkpWpBv Um Bp

B Wpap. N, sWpt]mfpw sglkw Lpdk. tXnw ]pfkk. LmPv Um BNu {]Bmbw: Bm gks DXp {I h dm eknkpw Lv LXkv tWmk.

Um gjpw Bk^p. BpB D^p.Dtm Um BWv Dp W dm ek np p.E_yw Um B {]Bmbw dpakemsB Xkap Xkp p. Ls hr_ e kfpw dX

""Dv Lsa _j]w sBmlppp9 Lsa ss_gdme BmgvLsa DXvYBmnw DBpp.'' (ij 47?57)

Ls t]nv tSmtdm tSmok. iv]knkv N Sji ks dqp YymX Bq^pgmXmek ss_gw Ls DXp {I hk p. S] dmf iOy tm^v UmXpw tKp {]mk p.DWks [fdmek SjgkWk Gnp]m^v XB XBk ss_gw DXp{Ihkp. izdmekcgXdkmWknp Uv dtXmhndme cgXgpw fgpw XBk DXp{Ihkp. gkgmhwcwIk emek X^ kepw Gnp dBsX _mX dmek XBkepw Usl DXp {I hk p. cmgks cgXw ^uPk Xkpw DBsfemeWkXm fkXptgk {]mktm 0

si v fw gmm Usl DXp{Ihkp. Bq^msW ]k.Liv.ik. ]njeps^ Ngyqgk ]s^ppgm ss_gw {]tWyBw DXp{Ihkp. ithm_nXv BfymPw X^m Wmdiktm dnke Bq^mnktfv {]mXevv Dt]kknpp. ithm_ns gkgmhwcwIk emek ss_gw X^ k p. cm gkXv Dg Ykevpgnm emsWmnp imYy WepwNm Wk np kpw ss_gw Lmw {Bdj B nk p W p. DWp g`k ithm _ ns gkgm h k]s^pmXpw tdmsX BmPpgmXpw imYkp. Lm gkodWBlkfpw dnke Bq^mnkgklk p ] a ep tm ss_gw N^ s]v Lmw cwIk emek {Bdj B nkp Wnp p. Uptgk {]mkp Lmgpw Xk ]aepp. tebptg Xk, tebptg ivtWm{Ww.

tSmtdm, akem_v, iu_k DtaZy.

imyw


15/36


kfpw DWp XkaepWpt]msf LXkv DXpcgsp. s]sv np dmfmOdm LXkp{]Wynmek. Um Bk^pBemPv . Ls dpBlkfmek BpBptXsn DckdpOdmek npdmfm O dm ]a p Xkpp. d g iv{W

YmnkBlmPg. Dgnps^ ssBk Bmhlwdp`p Bp`fpB Av. izXkadmPWkXv. Dg E Bp`fpB Wlps^ Kptm^^pkv DWkfqs^ AuWpBemPv. Dgnps^ BgklpB gjpWpw Wm`pWpw LXkv gydmekmPmw. Dgnps^ Wkldp BpBitmow XkaWmeknpp. Dg LtmImXw Ef]kpBemsPv LXkv dX kfm ek.

Ls Bdp]k DWjg _mhtms^, gkivd e tms^ Dg sn tXmksmv Um Bk^ p. Bpta idew Dg]m^ksmknpp. ]kj^v Dg D{]Wynmek. A^Ws dsmnp _rbyw Um Bp.@t`mlw _pov^mnq]kB9 Dgnps^ bnjnsgp sBm Wp t]msf dpak tg k np p. DgXk f nmek Xkp WmPv Um B Wv.Ls WBm g D Bmn bk B

lmPsWpw ss_g_qWm Dgsn Xkjnydmksepw LXkv dX kfmek.

ss_g_qWmnps^ imkyw XBkeidm YmXw L{Wtem gfp Wm ek np p. Lshr_ew ss_givtXhwsBmv Xkap. Ws_qWmsneev Ls Ebzikk BmgksX ivWpWkBlm Um dh Wz s p k.]ktp {]cmWk Gnp ]pWke irov^kemek mPv Ls Bp^pw Zmw I lps^ dpk

Um gym]nkWv. Etnm^pw ]nmWkek, ]nkcgdk. dX pXkase itmogpw iv tXhgpwdm{Ww. Bmgv L{W XgXmPv, L{WtemBmnpPygmXmPv. sgapw ]p`pgpw BrdkepdmedXpoysX N{Wdm{Ww ivtXhkm ss_gkX msW dmpw imYy d . ""Bm gkXvBrWWekpgk, Dgk^pv XgXmPv. Dgk^ps BmnpPyw Ltevpw XkfXkpp'' (ij 447?4).

""ssiXylps^ BmgpXtm^pBqs^epv9 emtmZksa ss_gdmPp

Xps^ Dcew.'' (ij 1


16/36

4< NWm Xks D dmv 53414< NWm Xks D dmv 5341

""tebp ]ap? Xklps^ D]gkbzmiw sBmpWs. iWydmek Um Xktlm^p]aepp? Xkp B^pBpdPktemlw gkbzmidpsk Nu dftem^v, Ngks^ Xkp dmakdsmnp ivRftp t]mgpB, Lp ]am DWp dmaktmBpw. Xkv emsWmpwDimYydmeknkpBek'' (dm 40?53,54). DtXBw {]mgbyw tBpw gmekpw hr_e k]Wk gKXw. Gnp dftemlw gkbzmidp X tebp{BkivWpgksX nBXpw XmRXpdmek hr_ek gkbzikpBepw DtWv ]aepBepw sKp X, SjgkWks {]mtemIkB Wfk gnptm Gnp B^pBpdPksetmfpw mXw dmm ]msW Xk hmenmBpp. LksXemPv Xmw dfse dmp gkbzmik EBpB: gkbzmiks ]f @pakfpB ss_g g K X k Xdpv BmPmw. D] gk bzmiw (dmek 7?5?67), gkbzmi nmhkWyw (dtm


17/36


LksX emPv Xk DXp Wm ] dpmBpB: gk. ]utfmiv tamdmms`pWketfOXw 5?1, ""DtWm, Dgk^ps Xk jddmeBnp P epw, ihk ovPp Wepw depw XjXk m n dm p B emtPm sKp Wv: Xks

DXp Wm ] k tfv Xek p B emPv ss_gks BnpPeps^ fysdv Xj Dakepkt:'' {]kesgtn, ss_gks BnpPemPv Nu DXpWm]w XkfplgmBm BmnPw. Etnms^mw Bmgv BnpP BmPkptgm Dgk s^ semw DXp Wm ] kstgfktedpmek. ]j\mXpcgks BtQmntg_ X ekfpw tebp sKmnk BnpP XBsX tebp gk tXm s^mv ]ap _j i ek sfkp DXpWm]ktfv Xekp. DXpW ]k p ]m]kse tW^k g ss_gw, NuSX q tm^v BnpP tWmpp Lp]a ss_gw, Ws BmnpPykfqs^ fydk^pWv Xps^ DXpWm]dmPv.

ss_gks BnpPevv temIynmeg EnmsPv gKXw ]aepp. gk.dmek6?0, ""BnpPepg cmIygmm9 DgvBnpP fck pw''. ]nk bp D WsivtWm{WIjWkfqs^ ]aepp, ""Dgk^ps

cnps^td WfdpaB tWmapw Dgk^pvBnpP gokpw'' (fq 4?63). BnpPepgnps^tdfpw ss_gcnps^tdfpw Dgk^pvWs BmnpPyw gok p p. Bnp P ep g Lm LmPv Ddm p Wv:Dgsn Xdp s sX Wknk akemw: gk.dmek 2?4>, ""Zfke, BnpPemPv UmE{IhkpWv LWks Dw Xkt]mek]Qkpgk''. KpmnXme dmekeps^ gjk sgmPv [nktietnm^v BnpP eps^ Dw t]mek ]Qk m tebpEgbys^pWv. Lm Gnp imv _kgiw tebpgpw bkoymnpw tImWv gefkfqs^ B^pt]mBp tm Ws bkoy mgkbpdqfw BWknpB ]akp Wkm Wp^keWpw [nktie gjpw nwIsk.imZk XkokdmeWv Ws bkoymsKp Wv Gmk k m . DtmtebpgkXv dXikfmek ]Qkm ]akpw

BnpPeps^ Dw ]Qkm [nktievB`kkkmsev. tebp gjpw ]aepBemPv,""Zfke BnpPemPv Um E{IhkpWv LWks Dw dX kfmkeknpsk Xk Xkn]nmYsn Bpw gkYkpdmek

np k'' (dmek 45?0). DWm eWv Bnp P epgsn WknkakemXp dmw Dg Xkn]nm Ysn Bpw gkYk k L Wp W s .tamdmmp tfOXw 5?4, ""Dtem dXpoym, Xj EnpWs Eemfpw dsmnpgsX gkYkp tm XkXv Xymej B n P dk''. Bnp Peps^ Dw{Ihkv ss_gdhWzks iWek tgptgmldp ""ss_gck'' {]m]ks pv, Nu sKak e g nk Gnp g sX tmfpwBpw gkYkmsW BnpPepgnmek, DWpg`kss_gks BmnpPyw {]m]kv, E BmnpPyks fydme DgXk gkbzikDXp Wm]w hr_ e k fp mk dfsedm gkbzmiktfv nq]mns^m ]nkbp Deps^ dmYy w g`k ]nk bp m stmgks ihm e m izje ]kWm gk tXm^vXdpv {]mkmw. Dtm Xdppw ]aemwtebp{BkivWpgk UmXpw gkbzikppsgv. tebp gk fp Nu gkbzmiw Xsepw

Xps^ Bp^pwZsepw nektfv Xeks. Et.

""Dgk^pp Wsa EfekXkvLsa Dt]Bvo tBp9 Lsa XkfgklkDgk^ps BmWpBlksfk''(ij.47?


18/36


gk. dmekeps^ ipgktbow 47?5456 Xk_e XmecrWys A]d tebp Xtm^v ]aepp. nmSmgkXp B^wsBm^pv Wjm imYkm crWys Dt]ektdnmSmgv BnpP BmPkv B^w Nlgv sKevWv sBm^ppBepwLm WXkv B^sknpgsX Xk_ew bkkpBepwsKp crWysX Nu A]dekfqs^ tebp Xdpv ]nkKes^ppBemPv . WXkv fck BnpPse gkiv dnkpsBmv Wsithm_ntXm^v XkovBnpPw s]npdmap Gnp dXpoysXemPvXmw Ngks^ BmPpWv. _e fckgXk Xkpw ]pas^pWv Xk_edme {]grkB. Ws sWpB dkskpw Ws ithm_ntXm^v dkpgm imYkm dXpoysX cnkp izm WemPv Xmw Ngks^ BmPp Wv.fckPsdWv XkZdmPv. Lm XBPsd E{I

h td ek .Xps^ L{Wse{W sWpBlmPv ss_gw Xtm^v dk

kpWv. Lkem Wjnm, Gms^pmt]mfpw imYkm{W ]m] sKevWgnmPv Xmw. Gnp ]nmWkt]mfpdkmsW DsWmw ss_gw dkp. bmikpgmtXm BpwgkYkpgmtXm bkkpgmtXm ss_gw WpXkk. LmXs t{_mhkgtnm^pw tg_Xkkgtnm^pw dkpgm ]ftm`pw Xdpv imYkpk. gk. dmekeps^ ipgktbow47?55 @`v L`p]Wv {]mgbyw dkPsdv, DWknpBlpwgygBlpdkmsW dktWks {]mYmXyspakvNutbm Aukaeptm`pw, EstmWtems^ hr_ekGnp {]mgbysdkfpw dkpgm Xdpv imYkpptm:@`v L`p]W, L`p]WkXmeknk DYkBw {]mgbysdkfpw ss_gw Xtm^v dkkpmeknkpw: sWv sKmsWB^ p t]me L{W _kg i Xps^ Sjgk W kfpmeknpknkpw: Lkpw gjpw Xtm^v dkpgm ss_gwWmamPv. Lm Xs gjpw tg_Xkkgtnm^v Xps^dtXm cmgw Lk sX emPv: "Gnp {]mgbyw dk p... NXk


19/36


dkmXmgk' Lmeknkkt ]ftm`pw Xmw ]aepB: eRmk Gnp {]mgbywt]mfpw dk p gm imYk k k L WmPviWyw. Gnk dkgXv gjpw gjpw dkpgm imYkpw.dkpBsem ithm_ns sWv dapBsemPw9 ithm_nsX dapBe sKtWv . Gnk dkWv gjpw Gmptm`pw]aeptm`pw DWkXw dkkk LpWsemPv . tebp Xtm^vdkpB dm{Wd, Xps^ ]m] dapB Bq^k sKpp. ""Dgnps^ DXj Wk B lps^ tXv Um Bnp P ep g Xm ek nk pw. Dgnps^ ]m] Um Gnkfpw GmkpBepdk'' (sh{Zm 7?45).

]v Bfv]XBlksf ip{]YmXdmeg @sWv tKm_k Xked tXm^v (dm 55?>1 13) tebp ]a ep Wv ss_g tepw ithm _ ntXepw ivtXhkpBseWmPv. sBmf]mWBtdm, gyckKmntdm, tdmoPtdm Gpd, iv tXhnmhkWydmPv Bfv]XBlps^ Iungtdake fwH

Xdmek tebpXmR Xtm^v AukaepWv. Lk ithm_ntXm^vDBepw gkt_zogpw ]pfpg @gpw gfke ]m]w sKpp. gfke sgapsmpdk, Bpap ]kPw dm{Wtdepq Lv ]aep gXpw Nu {]dmP fwH X ks Xkg K X k gnp p.Gnp]t Xkn gYk X B lm Xka g nm ek nk mw Xmw. Lmsgapks Gnp BPkB Xps^ SjgkWk Ask DsWmw[fbqXydmekWjnpp. ""Um dXpoynps^epw ss_g_qWmnps^epwcmoBlk iwimnkmfpw LXkv ivtXhdksk Um dp`ptK ftem Kkf p ssBm ltdm EPv. LXkv {]g K X g n dpmeknkpBepw iBf nhiylpw Um {IhkpBepw sKev WmfpwiBf gkmXgpw dfBsl dmm W gkbzmigpw LXkpmemfpw ivtXhdksk Um Gpd. Um Ls iipw_mXw sKevWmfpw Ls bnjnw _hk k m gkp sBm p mfpwivtXh dksk LXkv Gnp {]temSXgpdk'' (4 tBmak 4>?4>).

t{_mhkgs WBemPv ]ftm`pw Gnpg DckfokpWv. Dg bkoks^pWv BmPpgm E{IhkpgXv LksXdeps^ dmYpnyw DXpcgkm imYkpw: ""b{Wpgks ]WXk

Em_knpWv9 Dg Wkgj`ptm itmokpBepdnpWv. itm

tSmok ]mnk


20/36


ok m, Bm gkXv Xktm^v D{]jWktWmp Bepw Xks b{Wp gk Xkv WstBm]w DB k l ep Bepw sKpw'' (ipcm51?4047). Xs tg_Xkkgsn Bp s ppgmtXm gkYkpgmtXm Xdpv DgBmbdk.""Xk gkYk np Wv9 Xk lpw gkYk s pBek. Bpmtnm]Pw X^npWv9 Xklps^tdfpw Bpw Etnm]ks^pBek, dkpgk9 Xk tlm^pw dks^pw'' (fq 0).

dkpgmXp Gnpgs B`kgv DgXk izmcmgkBdmek AmBp G. ss_gtm^pw ss_gkB {]dmP tlm p dpDgs gktY e Wz k Xkv Anp k nk te

Wm Pv. Xps^ gkbzm i dmPv DWk X k

mXw. Xkn n dme {]m X ek fq s^epw]nk {b d k fq s^epw iz dm t Br] emPWv. tebp Ws Sjgk W k XdpvBmPkpW dk p ivtXhw Xmwss_Xw_kX SjgkWk DcyikPw. Kp

mntXm^pw gyckKmnktem^pw WkagtXm^pw Bpnk bk tf k e g tnm^pw Dg dkkt: tebpgks izcmgw Xk nq]s^Pw. ""DWkXm ss_gks sWns^p s gnpw gm fy cm S X lpw ]nk bp npsd Xkfek Xk BmnpPyw, _e, gkXew,iudyW, d Lkg Ynkpgk. Gnmvdsm nm tlm^v ]nk cgw Am em ]n iv]nwdkv ihk ovPp W tems^ gk p gk.

""Nu Llkeg Xkfgklkp, Bmgp tBp9 Lm Bov^WBlkfpw Xkv DgsXnBvokpBepw sKevWp'' (ij >1? GBvt^m Z >3 Xv Wrq nk X^ke S] dmf amfk ek UmXpw cmny fjfepw ]s p k np p. E S] dmf amfk UvDXp{Ihdmeknpp. 5343 iv]knkv N Sji ks YymXw Bq^keWkXptbow dmWmgktXm^pS] dmf sKmk DXp g _k pBk ke s]t{^m ]kXv Gnp ss[Xmiv ]m^vP Am ek npp.Dthw dp^ke ]Pw A^sX tgPsdp]av tKm_km Wp^k. DWkXv Gnpg`kepdkmWknks Gnp tfm sB. L [v. ik. ek Xkv Bkmtgk Dt] sBm^p p. LXkv tfmBkkem Wk lm`vKBlk iqny ^k. gk. ek gnp iv]knkv N Sji v t{]m{Im dks GnpE`vKs ]Pw dnke Bq^mnk sBm^pmsdv tXp9 sBm^ppBepw sKev Wp. Lmtfm Bkm Eg by dme iwOyevv Kpnp k eWv 43 @ f sd kfpw Nu^v gevPw.DWkXpg`kBmPmWknkptm LXkv Kpnpke Bmfs ]nkKedp Ls X Gnp iphrktXm^v Bmnyw ]atmWs Bmgks Br]em Eap gotv LXkptgk43 @ fw Nu^v gevm Wv ihmekp. Lm tgsa tfm Xkfgk AmeknpWpsBmv nmdWv tfm Wnm ]m^kmsWeknpkpw sB.L[v.ik.ek Xkpw LXkv GntBm^k nq] Wnk Bepw DWpsBmv ]m^vPv 75 fw sBm^p p Bepw Zmk iwOyevv

dqpdmiw BmfmgYk gv sKpsBm^ppBepw sKevWp. Bmny idmYmX]ndmek DgimXkkp.Wrq uPkfqs^ S]dmfamfkek ]s^pv X^ptm Gmtnm Bmfp Kgkptmlpwimms Wfek KgkpWmek gkKmnkv, tebpgks Xmdk Ls gkpt]m Lv ]apsBmv Kgkm t^mw {Z_ ]aWpt]msf sKevWtm Ls Lm ZXlpw gkpdmapWme DXpcgw LXkpmek. Gnkfpw X^m imYyWekmWknp Nu tfmPksBmnyw S] dm f am fk ek ]s p p B k tm ]nk bp D g`k Nutbm Ls Bp^pw ZkXpw Ls ZkikX kXpw fcydmk. Lm DXp{Ihpw Eekndmeknw Xk. tebptgXk. tebptg ivWpWk.

ik.gk. ]utfmiv, KjnBtmk, BmitImVv.

imyw


21/36


Bm gv Xk tlm^v dk Wp t]m sf WsXklpw dk Pw'' (sBmtlm >?454>).

"UmsX kXv dk Pw, Dg XtsWv sKevWWv' L XymejBnPdmPv ]ftm`pw Xs cnkpWv. Lm Gnp gkbzmikv izew XjWjBnkpgmXpw ithm_nsXBpw gkYkpgmXpw DgBmbdk. Gpw dDhk m Bp dm ek nkpw Xs tg_ XkkgtWv. Lkfpw Xdpp dpk dkpB e msW dsmnp dm dk . dk p B...gjpw dkpB... Xknp]mYkBw dkpB.gm`vs Kmgae Ws Dyitblk dsepakv ]aWksXemPv

"devv DapWk Bfv]k np Wv. DWks{]dmPw Lpw Lgks^epw @gtnm^pw LWmPv'.

Xmw dkptm (4) ss_gw Xtm^vdkpBepw (5) ss_gw Xps^ {]mXtBpBepw (>) ss_gw Xs ipOs^ppBepw sKpp. Xps^ Lkem Wjnm]m] ss_gw dk p gm Xp @Bgyg Xps^ ithm _ n nps^ ]m]

Xmw dkpBseWmPv . ""dpgnps^ sWpB Xk dkpsdk izXmeXklps^ ]kWmgv Xktlm^pw dkpw. dpgtnm^v Xk dkpBeksk Xklps^ ]kWmgv Xklps^ sWpBlpw dkpBek'' (dm


22/36


Dgv Etnmt^m gkoddpWmek ]nkbpm stmgv Gmk k p. DWv tKm_k Ltm^vDgsn Gnp]m^v tg_Xkk nv gykBslpakv ]ap. Dgtnm^v sgapkskfpwDgsn ivtXhk p gm imYk p k sv

Bqktp. {]mXevptbow t]mBmtXnw E ithm_nk W DipOw GmtaoXk msW Bmgv ipO s p ptdmsevLtm^v tKm_kp. ]nkbpmstmgks t{]nPem Um ]ap E nv gykBtlm^vdk p Bepw ndy W s p Bepw itX hk pBepw sKevWm Gm tao tgk gnkspw Bmgv ipOs^ppsdpw. _kgi v tbow E ithm _ nkse Btm Dg Ltm^v ]aWksXemPv E gykBtlm^v dkmsdpw DgsnivtXhk m sdpw Dv Wjnp dm X sd pidew dpW Ls tnmIw ]q dmepwiuOys^pBepmek. Dgtnm^v iv tXhkfme Um Nv ]q Etnm Iy g WkepwEstje itmow DXpcgkpglpdmPv.

Xps^ Sjgk W k DXp {I h

B^pgnpgm W^ dmek Xkp gfke]m]w sgapmPv. dkpgm imYkmgs SjgkWk ss_gks iv]bXdpmBpB gknldmPv. ithm_nsX sgappg Xk ss_gjB ssKWXyw Xov^ s p p.{]Bmbw Xov^ sv Dgs SjgkWw DBm n k fm gp Bepw sKpw. ""ithm _ nsXsgappg sBmf]mWBkemPv. sBmf]mW Bk ek XkWy Sj g gik p k sv

Xk ak em dtm'' (4 temh >?46).dk P sdv A] t_ bk p gm

glsn LlpdmPv . Lm dkpBseWvglsn {]emiBndme GmPv. izw SjgkW k NWv DXp c gk gv DWksBmQkXyw dX k fm gpw. Ws tg_ Xk k gtXm^v dkpBseWv Gnp epk ]^s]m npWk Sek p WkXv Wpfy dm Pv. EgkSew L{Wtem dmYpnytdakeWmsPv DXp

cgkgakemw. Lm dkpgm imYkmgs Dg glsn _pnkW]qdmeknkpw. dtsWmnp ]m]k Xkpw gk^pWGnp ]t Eem i B n dm ek nk mw. Lmsgap k Xkpw gk^p W {]em i B nw

Wsem Pv. DWp sBmpWs sgap ks]nkPkW[f DWjgIungdpWmeknkpw. Gnpg @gpw Bq^pW E{Bdks^p ]m]gpw NWpWsemPv.

dk p ivtXh dmPv tebp Xs]QkkWpw Ws SjgkWk BmPkpWWpw. Ws Bn P k g tXm^v dk Psdv dm{Wd DgXv dt BnPw Bq^k BmPkp sBm p p sBmv LXkv Gpw tg_ Xk ks iv tXhks {]B^XdmPv Xkfpmtg Wv. ss_gw Xp s^ ]m] dk P sdpw Xmw tg_Xkkg Xtm^v dkPsdpw Xmw E{Ihkpp. ""dpgXkv sKevWv WnPsdv Xk E{IhkpsWmw Xk Dgv sKpgk''(dm 0?45). Xs tg_Xkkgtnm^v dkpBdm{Wd Dgsn ivtXhkpBepw Dgnps^X BmwkpBepw Dgptgk {]mkpBepw Dgsn Estjedmepw cuWkBdmepwihm ek p Bepw sK Pw. ""n eps^ _kXk Xp tgk Xksl dp{_k W nm ke ss_gks ]nk bp m stm gksX tg_ Xk k np Wv.iBf gkt_zogpw tmcgpw t{BmYgpw Dhmigpw _qoPgpw Lm WkBtlm^pw Bqs^Xk At]kpgk. ss_gw {BkivWpg`kXk tlm^v dk Wp t]msf Xklpw ]n

iv]nw dkpw BnpP BmPkpw hr_em{_Wtems^ s]npdmapgk'' (Lt[ 1?>3>5). dkpBepw ivtXhkpBepw sKpBg`k ]nkbp m stmgv Xk Xka ep gm N^ em Bs.Ws tg_Xkkgtnm^v dkv ivtXhkpgm tebp gkXv bkepw dmWr B ep dmess_gdmWmgv Xs tg_Xkkgtnm^v Xknp]mYkBw dkpgmXpw Dgsn EstmdmekivtXhk p gmXpw Xs ihm ek s.

Et.


23/36

5>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 5>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

bW g n id nk {]ik Xm ek jlqek dmnk m ks ]p{Wk emPv lqekti dmnk m v.gk. gksi v Vk t]mlks A]gkithm_nk iceps^m]Beme Nu lqekti 4624 GmIv 45mw WkeWkSXkp. dqpge ptm D dnkpBepw ]kWmgv

]pXgkgmhw X^pBepw sKevWp. lqekti sVmdkXk dQk {Ijpw fjXpw]Qkv Dgks^ Wmdikp9 @WmXpw go B`kp ]kWmgks ]tfp d^k.4


24/36


25/36


^kp Bk^ dp^k dpOpXkpw dmk, Wqgmfevv Wp^ tm, Nutbmevv AmeEbzmiw, E ivtXh kXkp gkEbzmiw L{W gfpWv: E YjngXkWepsîvtXhkXp ]Bnw imXdmek Dgk^psWknpdpOw E Wqgmfek Dgk^pp ]WkpsBm^ppBepw sKevWp.

NWm Bmgnk em{Wek Nutbmevvdsmnp Ebzmidmek ssiajBmnXme bkdtem. Bmgnk em{W eksf "{]_ kPw'BmPm g`k enkBk Wk Xk DembWm Yk ]s cjo Pk em fmPv Bpnkbv L^pm Wm am eWv. Gnp ]t Dem

Nutbmse dpsm nk fpw Bk p t]m fp dpmgpBek. dX km dXt ms^ Bpnkbpghk m Wp^ ke Dem, Nutbm eps^Bpnkbp Kpdm Wp^ketm dpW Dfkgp, ivtXhdp hr_ekXp^demek dmak.E Bmgnk em{W ek bkd temNutbmevv L{W gfke Ebzmidmek dmak!]m]k B lk dpk fm ek np dIv_ f XseNutbm eps^ ivtXhw Bj` k e tm

ivtXhk Dg @gpw dpkfmek dmak.ehq_{]dmPkBlpsêpw dpb{Wplpsêpwdpk Kqtms^, ssYnytms^ Xkpgm dIv_fX dakes t{]nkkWv Nutbmtem^p ivtXhw Gpdm{Wdt: ]nkhmitlm, XkXtdm, BqpgklkBtlm, ]j\Xtdm

Lp g mfpw DsWmw Nutbm tem pivtXhs{]Wk tXnk^m Dgv ]qiWdmPv. emsWmkXpw Nutbmek XkvDgsl ]kk nk k p gm imYk p B ek .D{W dm{Ww dIv_ fX dakew ivtXh k

dpt ak ek npp. DWpsBmt Am X kXptbow dIv_fXv Dgk^pv _bXdnplkeWv. dIv_fX Nutbmevv L{W gfke Ebzmi dm ek!

Bmgnkem{Weps^ ]nkidm]vWkekXdpv Lspw Gmkm gfWpgbsBs dmX im nw. tebp gk tXm s^mw{Bqbks npt]npw DgsX ]nkhikWmPv (dtm 46?>5). Lm gf Wp g bsBs tXmw Nutbmeps^ Bpnkbk Kpgk Xk ]nkbp Dek ]Wktm,DgXv dmw gnm Wp^ k. D{Wepw XmsBmepw Bgepw Eek X^ Dgshr_ e kXv ]nk gXw Am ek. DgssWpBslpakv DXpW]kp. ]m]smapWkmek, BnpPevmek emKkp. "tebptg, XjXks nmSyp {]tgbkptm Lsepw

GmPtd' L Dgs emKXevv tebpAnw XBk. ""iWy dmek Um Xktm^p]aepp, Xj Nv Ltm^pBqs^ ]ap_jimek Eek nk pw'' (fqm 5>?1511). DsXDgXv ]ap_jimektfv {]tgbXw Bkk.

Nutbm glsneYkBw ivtXhkknp

""Um BmgksX ]m^kivWpWkpw9 Dgk^pv Ltm^vDWkn BnpP BmPkknkpp'' (ij 4>?


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5< NWm Xks D dmv 53415< NWm Xks D dmv 5341

bkoy XmPv Dy D m i d ev Dgk^ps g k Kmnk k g, Nutbmeps^ hr_e iv ]X sWmakg, ]nkbpkek glsn dpkfmeknpg. Nutbmeps^ {]ke bkoy tSm. Bmg nk em {Wek ]nkbp Devv WpPemek Bqs^X^v, ImIpmeksf ]j\Xv imkemek Xkv Lmw ihkg. Wp^v ]nkbp Devv Bmgfmek Xkv ss_ghkWwXka tg k e g. {]ke bkoys imkywNutbmevv L{W gfke Ebzmidmek.

Nutbm eps^ ]j\m Xp cg em{W ekNutbmse glsneYkBdmek ivtXhkknpgnpw, BQkXdmek sgapknpgnpw Bqs^ep

m ek np p. Nutbmse ivtXhk m Xdpv Enps^epw DXpgm_w tg, gfke mXdmXtlm itm emsWmpw Egbydk. EptgP sdkfpw Ltm tgP sdkfpw L{W tg P sd kfpw ivtXhkmw.gfke gkbp em ek j sBmp t{Wiy]pPygWk sgapw 51 gosd Nu cqdkekSjgkpq. glsn Bov^sv 46mds ge

k Bf dQ k {]tg bXw tX^k se^pv ]kj^v E dQkXpk dm{Ww XkbZv_ emek Sjgkv Nutbmse ivtXhkvivtXhkv ivtXh ks Bpappg`k izdmek Bp]k^kv izw ]k^ks^pg9 ]patkak Gpw sKevWk. Lkfpw DtXBv Bpap p g`k BmPk p sBmv @gpwdpksfk. E Bpappg`k Nv DtXB]kp np p.

Xs Gmtnm np snepw irov^kss_gkXv, Gmtnmnpsnepw Bpakv gyWyivWdme ]Wkepv . dXpoy_rov ^kek Wjsngkf ek m g nmek X BmP s mfpw,ss_g kXv X gkf s g nm Pv. XLm gnpw {BkivWp gks bnj ngpw Gmtnm npnpw DWksf DgeglpdmPv (4 tBmak45?50). dtXmhndme Gnp gj^pXkkm ]fgkY imYX imd{IkB EgbydmPv. Bv,dP, ikd v, Bk, Nov^kB.... Lgpw AapWmeknkm, ipnkWdmeknkm, dtXm

h n dm ek nk m Ng semw Eg by dm Pv.Lm GmtnmkXpw DWktWme XkkW{Bd dp v. DWk Bq^pW fm emfpw Bpa gmemfpw bnkemBpBek. dXpoys irov^keme Gnp gj^ks Bmny k N sX em

sPk, ss_gw Ws izw Jmeekfpwim_rbykfpw Dgk^ps Nov^dXpinkvirov^k dXpoys Bmnyw LsXemeknkpw: ""Nu sKakegnk GnpgXv, bkoyXvL Xkfek Gnp ]m{Ww sgsdkfpwsBm^ppgXp {]Wk[fw fckmWknkpBek'' Lv Nutbm ]akpv (dm43?15). Gnp ]m{Ww sgw Dgk^ps Xmdk sBm^ppgXv {]Wk[fw Av Lv

Nutbm ]akpsk Ltm`pw Nutbmevp tgk, Lm m ny lpw sKevWmDWkXv {]Wk [fw Dgk pv XBmWknkptdm:

B iz k t]mBp Wk sXpakv Xdpv ikm ]ptdm: ]tDg DXpW]ktm, BnpPevpw ]m]s]m ap Wk evpdmek emKk tm tebpDgXv ]ap_jim gmIv_mXw sKevWp. Lk

Xlpw ]m] ks sKlk p k ek fm ek npmfpw, DXpWm]tms^, {]Wymbtems^,Dgk ps Bnp P ek E{b ekv Dgk ptm^v tKpXk m, Xdppw Dgk pvgmIv_mXw sKevW XkWynektfv {]tgbXw fck kt: XkWy n L gfkeimXw fckm, DWkXv temIyW tX^mNutbmse Xdpv glsneYkBdmek ivtXhkmw. Lmgnpw Nutbmse ivtXhkm,

dpgv Gnp t{]nPemBm, {]tKm_XdmBm Xdpv E{Ihkmw, {]mkmw.DWkXmek {]gkmw. Nutbmse i_mide gpw ivtXhkv, Nutbmevmek dm{WwSjgk ]nk bp D eps^ gkd f hr_ ek Xs ]qdmepw idkmw. ]nkbp D Nutbmse ivtXhk t]m sf,Xpw Nutbmse ivtXhk m imYydmBm, DWkXv ihmetdBm Deps^

dmyw tW^mw.


27/36


tdnk gfke ss_gcemeknpp. Ltm`pw ss_gs ]pB`vpBepw ss_gw sKevW XBsl Xktems^ Lmgsnepw DakekpBepw sKevWknpp. thmfkfpmeknp Gnp Xknjbzngm_k tdnkeps^ iwimnk DizW BmPkknpp. Wm ss_gk ]qdmek E{bekppsgpw ss_gw Gmtnm Bmnykfpw N^s]^pw Lpdp tdnkeps^ bdme Aav ss_gw DpWBndmek knjBnkpWp E Xknjbzngm_k Gmtnm E`vKekfpw tXnkpBp. "DWp izmcmgkBdmPv, imhKny GpgWmPv ' Lj gm_smpw ]Wps ]Wps gkfekmWmek. {]WkBqf imh K ny lkfpw tdnk ss_g k Dk {]Wymb, tdnk ek Xka p Xk idm Ym Xgpwitm ogpw ssYnygpw ss_g tm p E` dme ivtXhgpw E Xknj bz n gm _kse Dp W s pk. Sjgk p i b Xme Gnp ss_g dp sv E gykv tZmYy s ^p Bepw ]kj v gfksemnp ss_g c Xmek Dem dmap Bepw sKevWp. ""Dgs Nov^kXXpirWdmek LskfpwXmw tKm_km, Dgk^pp Xps^ {]mRX tBpw LWmPp Xdpv DgXkfp Aav. Xps^Dt]Bv o Dgk^pp tBpsp Xdpakemsdk, Xmw tKm_kWp Bkk`kp Lp XdpvDakemw'' (4 temh 6?41,46). ""gkbzmitms^ {]mkpsWmw Xkp fckpw'' (dm 54?55).

XpPeXpw XpPeps^ ]kWmgpdme imm (temh 7?11) A]temIkp Bp^kf W{dmPv ""ss_gw Xps^ {]mX tBpw'' L iWyw dapgev pB LWv . ss_gw {]mX tBpsdp gkbzmidksk, {]mXevp bkeksk, gykB {]mXek Xkp DBpt]m Bpw, DWp g`k ss_g k Xk B p t]m Bpw. Sjgk W ksf Lm {]bvX pw ss_gs]`k]aemXpw, ss_gs _pokmXpw, ss_gks ]nkbpsn _pokmXpw itfmBsepw gkp immsXpw ]kbmsKpw gklks^p E ]pnmWX iw t{]mmhkkpp, DWkXp

immdapgevpgmE{Ihkp Gnp iWyw

ZZkW tSm


28/36


imhKny Gnpk sBm^ppp (sglk 45?2,43).imm Nu W{w A] tem Ikv DtX Bsngj`vkekpv .

""Nu tfmBksa t_g DgkbzmikBlme Dgnps^ dX ksX DXvYdmkeknkpp. Wkdkw, ss_gksa {]Wknq]dme {BkivWpgksa dhWztdake ipgktboksa {]Bmbw Dgp _rbyd'' (5 tBmak1?1). Nv @gpdYkBw gkpgnp ]m] Xknj bz n Wzw, ss_g Xk to Yw, ss_g _q o Pw,ss_g c e dk m Dg Lk g em Pv. ]vss{BivWg nmSy lmeknp eqtam]y nmSylk Nu ]m]w Bk^npgm N^emekpv .

""tdmov^kmXpw sBmmXpw XbkkmXpdmPp B gnpWv''(temh 43?43). dXpoy itm ok p gmtXm DXp {I hk s pgmtXm Dckgrk {]m]kmtXm imm E{Ihk p k . dakv Xknmbepw ss_g Xk to Ygpw_qoPgpw Dgkbzmigpw Xknpmhgpw XmbgpwDdk W dme cegpw iwb egpw A PvQepwsBmpgnpp. immXv SjgkWk {]gkpgm Dginw XBp ]m]{]grkBsl,Gmw {]dmP fwHXs, ]m] imhKnysl,

Kk Bsl Wknk akv At] k p Bepw, DXp

W ]kv ]m]tdmKXw tX^k gkbp nmek gk^p W{]m]kgnmek SjgkpBepw sKPw.

""immXv Xk Dg inw sBm^p npWv''. (Lt[ 1?50). Gnp gykek tg_Xepw Xknmbepw cegpw EBpfWepw gnptm immBq^pW {]tfmckkv ]m]ktfpw ss_gXktoYktfpw Xmbktfpw E gykse Xekp gm {bdk pw. DWk Xms E Xkdk olk Bq^pW SmInqBnmeknkpBepw {]mkpBepw ss_ggKXks gmIv _mXlk gkbzikv @p]aepBepw tgPw. ss_gXktoYksXWksn, ce k sX Wksn, Xknm b evs Wksn, XktoYmst KkBsWksn A]temIkmgp ss_gks b dme Eep Y dmPv Estmgpw SjgXpdme ss_g ks gKXw (Lt[


29/36


Sjgk W k ]kbm Kp Dg sn v t]^kvGm^kt]mBpBepw GlkknkpBepw sKp iwcg tnOs^pkekpv .

tSmZks ]pivW B k ss_ggpwimmXpdmep iwimnw BmPmw. ""immtKm_kp? tSmZv ss_gs ces^pWvsgapsWemtPm: Dv DgXpw DgsacgXkXpw ikXpw Kppw tgfksBkipnBvokWWzw XBk. Dgsa {]grkBslDXp{Ihkp9 Dgsa iv gYkkpBepwsKevWp. Dgsa iktd ssBgmDg Dse _pokpWp BmPmw.'' (tSmZv4?244) ss_gw {]m Xevp dap ]^k XBmssgBkem, bkPw XBkem, D{]Wjk

Wdmek iwcg Amem ]fnpw gj`psdvimmXv Dakemw. Lm tSmZv Ws ddnkpt]mek, izp D]hnksp Lak tm, ""imov^mwIw gjPp XdivBnkp.Dg ]ap? Deps^ A_nkXkvXIvXXmek Um gp. XIvXXmeks Um]kgmpw. Bmgv Wp9 Bmgv L^pp,Bmgksa Xmdw dhWzs^s! NWpsBmsmpw tSmZv ]m]wsKpBtem ss_gs

]`kpBtem sKevWk'' (tSmZv 4?5455). Ngks^ss_gw Sekp, imm tWmp.

Npw imm N n k fp W{ {]temIkpp. dXpoynps dX ksX tfmBks gym]m n lkfpw, Sjgk W ksf Bpsa{]bvXlkfpw gy{IWBlkfpw As^pk ss_gkXptgk, {]mXev ptgk idew Bsm imYk msW Wkn p gk k pw, gy{IKk nm pw. ""ipOtfmfp]W, d_ymiBvWk,

SjgkWgy{IW Lkgem Xklps^ dX p_pZfdmgpBepw, E _kgiw Gnp sBPkt]msfs]sp Xklps^td gp gj`pBepwsKmWknkm {b_vYkpgk. LsmcqdpOp Sjgkp Lmgnps^epwtd DWpXk]Wkpw. iwcgkmXknkp NgekXksmw nBvos]v dXpoy]p{Wsa dpk{]WyBvos^m tg Bnpp fckm i_m{]mRkpsBmp SmInqBnmeknkpgk.'' (fq

54?>1>). ss_g kXp Gmw mXw hr_ ekfpw {]gr k ekfpw sBm^p p B. Dtmss_gw Lmw Xmek {Bdj Bnkpw. ""XkE_yw Dgk^ps nmSygpw Dgk^psXjWkepwDtXzokpB. DtWms^mw dpgsemwXkp fckpw''(dm >).

BfmBmek B tdO f B lkfpw bmiv{Ww,

sL.^k. Wp^ke tdO f Blk fpdp B`k gp BglpgmXpw AWk {]m]kpgmXpw idegpwKkeme ]nkbjfXgpw tgPw. DsXsek@gpw gfke im X dme XkWy Sj g fck pgm Xmw L{Wdm{Ww ]nk{bdkPw, {]mk Pw: DWp ]BpWk dX t m s^, Xjk Xjk...sKevWm bnkemBptdm:

_mXkte fks ]pivWBw ]mw Dymek ss_gks dap]^kptgk _mXkte

Wjv Pdmek {]mkpWpw A]gikpWpwBmPmw. ss_gw {]mXtBpBepw dap]^kXBm _qWsX Deev pBepw sKev Wp. ""Dg]ap? _mXktetf, cest^m9 bnkemekDakepWkXv Xj Xksa ss_gksa dp]kXkss Llkds^pm Wp^ke _kgiwdpW Xksa {]mRX tBsknkpp.Xksa {]mRX XkdkdmPv Um NtmgknkpWv. t]oymnmSyksa Bmg

_qW Nnp]smp _kgiw Ltm^vLWkpXkp9 Lkfpw {]YmX _qWdmnkGnmlme dkOmte Lsa ihmeksXk''(_mXk 43?45,4>). Ngks^ imm t]oy nmSyks Bmg _qWXkfqs^ 54 _kgiw ss_gksdap ]^k _jHk k p Wp BmPmw. ss_g kXkp dXpoysn tdmov^km, "ss_gw {]mXtBpk' Lp gnppgm imm ]fg`kBlpw tXmpw. NWp imms {]grkem


30/36

>3 NWm Xks D dmv 5341>3 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

sPp Wknk akv b nmek Zkp{]mkv (fq 43?42). ss_gkXptgk dtems^ Bmknpv DXp{Ihw {]m]kmw, gkSewgnkmw.

ss_gw {]mX tBPsdk Gnp{]tWyB gygepv ]m]k Xkpw Wkek Xkpw E gyk DBknkPw. ""ss_gw]m]kBlps^ {]mRX tBpBekspXdpakemw. Lm, ss_gs EnmYkpBepw Dgsa Nov^w {]gkpBepwsKpgsa {]mX ss_gw {bgkpp''(temh 2?>4). ""Lsm, BmgksaBpB XjWkdmdmnps^ tXtnepw Dgk^pssKgkB Dgnps^ {]mRXBlps^ tXtnepwWpaknkpp. Lm, Wkd {]gkpgnkXkv Dgk^pp dpOw Wknkknkpp'' (4]t{Wm >?45). [mkdmek ]nkbp BXyBmdake ks Dg im Xs {]Wy j B n P k(4240 GBvt^m Z >) fqike Kkf tnmIk B lpsîuOy k Xp tgk Eg by s p. ]nk. dakewKkfv iuOyw XBmsdpw, dpg DXpW ]kv ]m] tdm KXw tX^k SjgkWw gkbp j B nk

P sdpw ]a p. ""Lsa Xmdw t]apLsa SXw Ls DtXzokpBepwWsls Llkds^pk {]mRkpBepwWlps^ _pdmIlkXkp ]kWknkepBepwsKevWm, Um izIkXkv Dgnps^{]mRX tBv Dgnps^ ]m] Bv odkpBepwDgnps^ t_bw ipov^dmpBepw sKpw.Ngks^ Xkpenp {]mRXBptXtn LsaBpw BmWpw SmInqBdmeknkpw''(5 _kX 0?41,46).

XkX tg eps^ dmX im nw Dg nps^ nevpBmnPdmek. ""Wlps^ _pov^WekXkv Dg]kWknkp Lp Bv ss_gw dX pdmk9Dgnps^td Deevpsdp ]a WkdDek'' (temX >?43).

d_y]mXkeme Gnp gyk Lm _kgigpw,"d_y]mXk Xkp LXkp gk^pW WnPtd,Np Zmaks gmWk sKmsW tXsn gjktfp t]mBpgm Ls ihmekPtd' Lp

Xknnw {]mk k np p. np gow N nk {]mktm E gyk Wknkakp d_y]mXk Xkpw E Eikek Xkpwss_gw Ws ]q dm epw tdmKk k knkppLv. ""Dg ]ap? {]mRXsBmmsWdsmpsBmpw Nu gIw ]pap t]mgpBek'' (dtm 2?52). ]m]k Xkpw _pjflk Xkpw Wfdpaekfqs^ B^p g DBmnizmYjXlk Xkpw gk^pW fckpgm Xknndme {]mXepw {]eWvXgpw Aap WjnpdmXgpw ss_ggKXgpw EgbydmPv . ""EBemss_gkXp gktYenmBpgk9 ]kbmKksXsKapp Xkpgk , Dtm DgXklkXkv Gm^keBpsBmpw. ss_gtm^ptKpXkpgk9 Dgk^pv Xktlm^pwtKpXkpw'' (emtm 1?0,7). ]m]s, SjgkW{]bvXsl Zkv {]mkv Bj`vs^pkDgeps^td tebpgks Xmdk ([kfk 5?244)tebp tX^ke neps^ temIyWem gkSewgnkpgm Xdpp imYkPw. ""Xk LsaXmdk Egbys^psWpw, ]kWmgp]p{WXk dhWzs^m tgk Um{]gkpw. Lsa Xmdk Xk Ltm^vLskfpw tKm_km UmXWp sKevWpWnpw''(temh 41?4>,41). ""ss_gk gkbzmidkpBepw Dgk^ps gklkt]BvokpBepwsKevWtm Dgk^pv Dgnps^ {]mRX tBp.E ihmem Dg h{IjenpsêpwBqmlkBlpsêpw td gkSew gnkp'' (4 _kX 6?53).

ss_g ks Bf ak "Nv' L_kgiw glsn {]YmXsWmPv (dm 1, fq

5>?1>). B`k _kgiw Um Bpsa {]mk p,{]gkp LWp t]mnm. "Nv' L Nu _kgi k Um L{W dm{Ww {]mk p sg Wv{]Ym Xs WmPv. DWp sBm mPv Gmtnm _kgigpw gkbpjBnP {]mX sKPsdp ]aepWv. Npw Um L{Wdm{Ww Estmdmek46> dPk S]dmf sKmk, gkbp BpmX Dkp, gyk ] n dmek {]mkp, gKXw gmekpLkg ss_g Wk np dp k {]Ym X s WmPv.


31/36

>4NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 >4NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

DsX b dmek kn W tems^ {]mkpBepw ss_g hkWw Enmp {]g k pBepw sKevWm immXp dX kfmBpw WsW{ slmpw Ngks^ gkftmgp B ek sv.ss_gw Xs gkbp j B nkv DXp{I hkv ss_gnmSykXptgks L^pp]temIkpw.

""Bmgv Dnplkspp? LsaKkB Xklpt^Wpt]msfe9 Xklps^g`kB LtaWpt]msfepd. EBmbwcqdksem AepXkpp. DWpt]msfLsa g`kBlpw KkBlpw Xklpt^WksXmAWdt{W'' (@b 66?7,2). ss_gw ss_g k tWme njWkek (dXpoyp dX kfmm imYkk s kfpw) ss_g ks idep Xps^{]m Xp dap ]^k XBpw. Ds k Dgk^pp Xps^ dX v dmpw, Xs nq]m n s^ppw bk s p pw. DWp Xps^ Bq^p WXevp A]BnkpWmeknkpw. gk. ]utfmivjhm bnjnksf dpp gkBfmtgk dqp{]mgbyw Bm gk tXm t] k p. ""Lm,Dgk^pv Ltm^v Dnplksev Wp? XkXv LsaBr] dWk9 Lsm, ZfhjXWekfmPv

Lsa bBvWk ]qPdmek {]B^dmBpWv.{BkivWpgksa bBvWk Lsatd Egikt WkXp Um ]qgmYkBw itmotms^Lsa ZfhjXWsepakp {]bwikpw.DWpsBmv, ZfhjXWBlkfpw EBvto]lkfpw sUnplkfpw ]jVXlkfpwDWymhkWlkfpw Um {BkivWpgksX{]Wkipov^XmPv. Lsm, ZfhjXXmeknkptm`mPp Um bBvWXmeknkpWv'' (5

tBmak 45?243). hZ p ks ]pivW B khZpv idqhkXptgk bdmek ss_gWk np dp k Xkf gk lkv {]mk p p v. DgimXw hZ pv b dmek ]a epp,""DkgrBvow ]qpkskfpw, dpknkek[flkskfpw, Gfkgpdnk BmevBNmWmemfpw gefpBlk YmXyw gklepkskfpw EkBqw Efek Dpt]memfpwBpBmfkB sWm`pk NmWmemfpw Um

Bmgk EXXv_kpw. Lsa nBvoBXmess_gk Um itmokpw. Bmgmess_gdmPv Lsa Zfw. Bfdmsa ]m_s t]msf Dgk^pv Lsa ]m_p tgIWXBk. AWlk Dgk^pv Ls X^pp''(hZ >?4042).

ss_gw Xps^ {]mX tBpw LWkXv gydme sWlkgpBlmPv gKXk tnOs ^p k ek nk p Gmtnm Dp Wgpw tnmI bmkepw. tnmI Zm YkW Xme shsi ke dnk psdv @bm {]gmKBXkfqs^ Bmgv DnplksevWp. Lm ss_gdpk gkbpktems^X {]gkv Sjgk shsikemeps^ XkfgklktBv ss_gw shsikemse ipOs^ppWv BmPmw. ""sBmmnksa DPwgk^pWkXp dp]pWs @bmevp Bmgksa Dnplm^pmek? Xj d^ksv LsaSXksa nmSmgme shikemtem^vDgsa ]kWmgme _mgj_ksa ss_gdmeBmgv N{]Bmnw Dakekpp Lp ]aepB?Um Xksa Bj BmPpBepw {]mRXtBpBepw sKevWknkpp. Um XksipOs^ppw. dqmw_kgiw Xj BmgksaEfektfpt]mBpw'' (5 nmSm 53?1,6). shsik em tem^pw ijtam [k Xj oy iv{Wjtem^pw(dtm 0?56>3) BmXmeksf BfymP gknpksgv dmWm gk tXm pw (temh 5?4 44) ss_gwDpWw sKk L Dk ]a skfpw Dgnps^ gmpBlk XkapXk _r\dme gkbzmiksepw {]Wymbeps^epw bkek Dg ss_g s smv DpWw sKk

kp.ss_gw X g Xm Pv. Bmgv Gnk fpw

ssBgk k. ""Um Xks Gnp gkYkfpwDgIPkpBtem At]BvokpBtem N LvDgk^pp ]akptm'' (sh{Zm 4>?6). LmwDakepgXmPv Dgk^pv. ""Gnp XmPepkXpnp BpnpgkB gks^pkt: Xklps^]kWmgksa DakgpBq^msW Dgeksfmpt]mfpw Xkfw]WkpBek'' (dm 43?52).


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>5 NWm Xks D dmv 5341>5 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

fqkfpw [mkdmekfpw dp ]f flkfpw {]Wys ]nk. BXyBmdakew ]a{]YmXs BmnydmPv DXpW]kpB, tfmBwdp`pgsepw iBf dnkgnps^epw nevptgk ]nk. dak e ks gkdf hr_ e tm^ptKp {]mk p B, Bq^p W S] dm f BsKmpB, {]ek {]grkB sKpB.

ss_gw i b Xm Pv. {]mk ptm gfke Bm`v Km^v XdppmBPw, gfkeBmny p tgk {]mk Pw9 fuBjBBmny lk dm{Ww {]mX GWp np Wv. NutXmpBmfpw Wp^pw Xps^Ws, Bp^pwZ ks, Wf dp a B lps^ gkbp j B n P k Xptgk dm{Ww {]mkmsW, tfmBw dp`pgXptgkepw iBf dnk g np s^epw n evptgkepw Xdpp {]mkmw. Gnpg t]mfpwXov^spt]mBmsW Lmgnpw n{]m]kP

""Bmgv DgXp tnmIbek Ebzmiw ]Bnpw9 Dgk^pv DgXp tnmIbmk XBpw.'' (ij 14?>)

Ls t]nv Kmiv. gkgmhkWXmek Bp^pwZgpsdmv tBmeqnk Wmdikpp. Ddk

Wdme d_y]mXkXv D^ksv fkgaks {]gXw ]qdmek Xkfknp Dgek UmWrq d_ thmiv ]kfk Gndmidmek KkBkekfmeknpp. dnppBsBmsmpw Gnp [fgp dk m Dg ek tfv Ls kWk Eek jp. tVmBv^dm dqp _k g i t p Bq^kEepiv gkYk p. E id e mPv tnmIk Bp tgk {]mk p Gnp ithm _nk Ebp] {Wkek Asakv Ls D Dgsn gklkWv . D Dgsn gklkWv Ls X dnPkXv GnpmXmeknpp. sL.ik.epgk iptZmYkfmsPkfpw dnPmgek Bk^knp Ls D^pvE ithm _nk gv {]mk p. Dg iv]knkv N Sji v Bqm evd ek As Elm ek np p.Zhp. t^mw {Z_aktXm^pw BmWak ikaktXm^pw sLByspsBmv E ithm_nk {]mkp Ls Sjgs td Bmgks BnpPevptgk. Dv DpdkXkp idetd {]mkpq.

]kt _k giw Dn d Pk q idetmlw {]mk p. N n k fp Dip O ksp dnk pt]me ]qkBnps^ Estmptgkepw {]mkp. tVmBv^dm Eepiv gkYkknp >mw_kgiw Ls sL. ik.ep. gk Xkpw dpak ek tfv dmmdm{Ww iuOy dmek. > _kgiw Bq^k `kv iuOyw {]m]k g Xmek Ls VkivKmv sKevWp. gjpw Gnp dmiw Bq^k B`k vthmiv]k fk gv ]nk tbm Y X B slmw X^ k. ]q iuOyw {]m]k k nk pp LvtVmBv^dm ]ap. dnPmgek Xkpw Ls iuOys^pke Nutbmevpw ]nkbpmstm gkXpw LXkp tgk {]mk iv]knkv N Sji v Bqm evdevpw UmXpw Ls Bp^pwZgpw Xk ]aepp.

Kmiv t]m nmSv, dpnpB XI, Buw ]mlew, tBmeq.

imyw

sdmPv ss_ghkWsdk, LkXp Um Ls{]mX Bpa ev Pw: LkXp Um ss_gks BnpPse, nse, ivtXhs ]nkdkWs^pPw:

""N^ gk msW {]mk p gk'' (4 sWi6?40). {]mkp idqhsd, tBm{IktIosXgl np B ep q. Um Ntbm eps^ n m gkfevp gmsglmBem, ]kWmgks izdm B em, dak e ks dB lm B em Ls{]m Xevp gfke gkf epv L tZmYywXk b dmek Aa ev s. bBvWdmek{]mkv dptamw.

]nk bp BXy Bm d ak e td, D ek gkl

keknp "Xknndme {]mX' L ]pPywUlktfpw ]BnPtd. Et.


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>>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341 >>NWm Xks Ddmv 5341

ivWpWkv BnkivdmkpBmv dm{WdpW? dm]mgk m ikk ? Gu]Km nkB {]mXm njWkB lk Xkpw dmak ivWpWkpw, izew t{]nkW{]mXBlpw X^pgsn DgIPkpWksXWksn dm]m. Bmim imm dmm ss_gmfek _kgyZfkdtYy X^ke {]cmoPk

ss_gs {]mX g`kemek ivWpWkpWksXpakmPv dm]mm gkKkXw sKevWWv.ss_gs ivWpWk p Wv g`kemek Xps^SjgkWw [f_meBdmekjnpsdv ]mm ]ap.

A^ k eps^ t]^Bw Wknk p sBm p gtm _mgj_v Xrw sKevWp izjB nk pcmIw gkb_jBnkpsBmv {[mijiv ]mm N{]Bmnw ]a p. "Gu] Km nkB {]m Xm njWk Blk Xmw izew Wlkm X WPppagnpw [fw ]pa s p gk m g np dm ek jnpw'.Xk ]kp Pvevp ^jw tIml k p tmEpgklkm imYkpsdknks ss_gsivWpWk p gm dm{Ww Lp sBmmPv imYkmsW t]mBpsWpw dm]m tKm_kp. _mgj_vitm o m dWk d av Ws dp`p g bnjnwsBmpw ss_gs EnmYkWpt]msf XdppwEnm Ykm imYk P sdv ]mm ]a p.

imgq nmSm gks dB lme dkOm _mgj _ksXXkkWpdqfw SjgkWBmfw dp`pg gyemekWp^p. EX ks ivWpWk B Xs [f]p ov^k epgnmk dmp sd WmPv gKXwXtm^v ]aepWv9 ]mm gkb_jBnkp.

tVmBvâps^ dnppBpakkXv "gfpw Bqm' XktbwXyqVhk? tVmBv^ L`p Wke dnp p Bp akv

gmekmXp sdVktompBmns BpBmg Bm b kXv Dy dm Bp p. dnp p B lps^ t]nvNXk dpW Nwjov gfke Dnlk L`pWP sd Bn^p gkm ] X kXv sdVk Buik DwIjBmnw XBk. tB{ EtnmIyd{m f e ks DXp dWk fck m nmSysLm tVmBv^dmpw NWp iwZ kXkt_bw fckpw.

Nwjov sKake D n k Bqk L `pWpWp dqfw idmX t]npBlp dnppB dmakXBm NêmBpWmep ]nmWk ]nkhnkm

XmPv ]pWke Xkt bw. Lm tVmBv^dm,{]tWy Bkpw izBm ny td O f ek fp g ]pWkeXktbtm^v Wmfv]nytmsê{]WkBnkWvLmPv aktmv. tnmIkBlps^ WknkXkêkgfk e D n lk L`p WpB Zpk dp msPmPv Gnp gkcmIw tVmBv^dm nps^ {]Wk BnPw.

Epw Wss nkpgm

imYkpBek? dm]mgkm ikk ? dmtm_jim izjBnkpWpg`kemek dko X ak dm nm Bpgm XmPv gkbzm ik Bgklk s k nk p sWv dm]m . dmtm _jiL Bq_mbsepakp dWtZmYXkfmPv]mm Nmnyw gkbzmikBlps^ {bek s]^pkeWv. gkbzmiw ]Bp sBm p p N^ dp akem Kfemep dmtm_jimeps^ Kk{WjBnPw ]mm gkbzm ik B lps^ dpk Dg W nk kp. dmtm_ji izjBnk Gmtnm gkbzmikepw EKfeksf Bk em Pv. gnp Wf dp a BvXBp gm Xps^ gkbzm igpw ss_g ksDXp {I hgpw Bpk Bv ]B n Pw. gkbzmiw{]i nk k p ss_g SX dm Bpgm dmtm _jiihm ek p p. NWv glsn {]Ym X s Wm Pv.gkbzmiw Sjgk p Bepw {]i nk k p BepwsKp ss_gSXw9 ]mm Wp^p.


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>1 NWm Xks D dmv 5341

ipgktbogWvBnPks @SpdmnmBmXmPv dmtm_jimekfqs^ Xmw gklksknkpWv. "Ngmfj ImVkew' L DivtWmfkB {]tZmYXw Ankv dm]m ]ap.

dmtm _jim izjB nk Lm g np s^epwgyk IW Wf k fp ]m lkw Xg ipgktbogWv BnPw Egbys^pp. Nu gklkekfqs^ss_gSXw Gtn idew bkoymnpw dkoXakdmnpdmekjnpp. ss_gw Xdpmek Xkekknkpflk Xps^ SjgkWBmfd{Wepw Xmw dkoXakdmnpw bkoydmnpdmek Wp^npp. gkbzmikBlps^ idqhw L Xkfek ss_giv tXhksDXp cgw dp g np dmek ]p sg evp gm XmPvXmw gklksknkpWv. Gnp dXpoyXpw Gvnks^pk. {Bkiv Wje SjgkWks sgapsdmnp Kqt^m EfmnkBWtem D gkbzmiks imdqhkBWfw.

{BkivWje imyksepw ipgktbogWvBnPksepw SjgkWksepw Dgkccm I dmPv gkbzm i ks imdq hkB Wfw.{BkivWje gkbzmiw SXk p Wpw gl np Wpwic ek fm Pv. dmtm _j imek {BkivWp gksbnjnw Ws em Bp ic ek tfv ]pWke GnpDwIs Bqk t Wks EtHmow Bp^pwZgpw N^ g Bepw EtHm ok p p. 40mw Xqmk Sm Xksf {BkivWje idqhw ]j\ Xv X^pgkfpw Wlps^ gkbzmiw Bmpiq

kWv dmtm_jimekfqs^ fck Br]BsBmmsPv gkbzmikBsl GmkkpsBmmPv]mm Ws {]iwIw DgimXkkWv.

n Dfkem ]pWke dnpv9 ]nj Pw gkSektfv XyqVhk ? bnjnkXpk nw B]k^kpWksX {]WktnmYkmXp dnpks nmwHkXk ]nj Pw gkS e sdp Itg o B.

Eekntmlw dXpoynk X^p dqmw H]njPw ]qgkSeksfkem D^pgow Dg im X tms^ tmv ivs]ik [kBv

ivs{^]vtm Bk Xmiv (ikL iv LivsB) dnpvgmPkSy D^kmXk A]m_kkp Wp^psdpw tB{ bmiv{WimtWkB gBpv si{Bak tVm.^k.nmdizmdk ]ap.

bmiv{W gyg ime Itg oB Buikfks KPv\jIVkfp Nws^mPv ItgoPkXp tXWrWzw XBpWv. Bpkgev]kXmekNu dnpp XBmw. div WkovB EHmWw, ]mHmWw, hr_emHmWw Lkg gnp tnmIkBvNu dnpv {]temSXs^pw. B]k^k nsDfkekpsdp dm{Wd, sWm^p dqp_kgiwgsn nw B ]k k m Wk nk m Xp {]tWyBtbokepw ]pWke dnp k Xp v. nw B emefpdm{WdmPv NWks {]gXsdWkXmfmPv tmv iv s]ik[kBv iv s{^]vtmBkXmivL XmdBnPsdpw Nws^Bv VeaBv^ tVm.Iknjov imk ]ap.

ItgoPks Xmfmw Hk ]mHmWkXv @sWmw Wnk dnpp {]temSXs^pmsdv gkfeknpppv. ]njPks Gnp H kfpw ]mbz [ f Bsk ek LWv L^p p ] a te tX dmekimk gktb ok k p p. gmPkSy D^k m Xk Afv]m_Xw Wp^kem tfmBv @gpwBpa gkfek fckp tmv {]WktnmY dnpmBpw ikLLiv Liv sB. iksd{^kBv Ztems^Bvss{]gv fkdkVkXmPv kXk s^ks Angm_kw. Liv LwE LBv iv 44 LmPv Nudnpks kXk s^ksX gklkpWv . NygkBikkp E_y Ztem sWamkBv dnpmPkWv.

>1 NWm Xks D dmv 5341


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""Xk ss_gksa EfedmsPpw ss_gmWvdmgv Xklkgikppsgpw Xk Dakepkt:''

(4 tBmak >?4

itha ninte amma - mar 2014

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