isi kandungan sidang redaksi...myportfolio adalah satu kaedah pengurusan ilmu yang memberikan...

1

Penasihat:YBrs. En. Aizal Mazlan

Ketua Pengarang:Aishah Musa

Sidang Pengarang:Fathy Faizura Mohd. IsaHuzairul Hezri SaidinMohd. Sahrul Nizam JaafarRosilah PutehSalmah SaadNurkhalijah Mohamad PoatLiana Rosemahiran Yaakop

Penyelarasan dan Gra�k:Huzairul Hezri Saidin

Jurugambar:Mohd. Johari Din

Edaran:Salma Abu HassanZuraida Chin

SIDANG REDAKSIISI KANDUNGANDari Meja Ketua Pengarang.............................

Perutusan Pengarah Wilayah (INTURA)..........

One Step At A Time...........................................

Pemikiran Kreatif DenganTeknik SCAMPER..............................................

Potensi Diri........................................................

Adakah Anda Tertekan....................................

Pengurusan Sajian...........................................

Lesson From The World....................................

Keperluan Mendaki..........................................

Appeal Logos, Ethos and Pathos....................

Integrity............................................................

1

2

3

5

7

9

16

17

19

22

24

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. dan Salam Sejahtera,

Alhamdulillah, syukur ke hadrat Ilahi kerana dengan limpah kurniaNya Qalam INTURA Siri 1/2018 berjaya direalisasikan. Tahniah dan terima kasih kepada semua ahli editorial majalah atas usaha dan sumbangan karya masing-masing sehingga majalah ini berjaya diterbitkan.

Pasukan pengarang telah berusaha memberi yang terbaik dan berharap semoga artikel dan informasi yang disajikan ini akan menjadi rujukan semua pembaca.

Semoga dengan penerbitan Qalam INTURA Siri 1/2018 ini akan menyemarakkan lagi semangat suka membaca dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia sekaligus menjadikan kita masyarakat yang berilmu dan berjaya.

Akhir kata, saya ingin mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada semua yang terlibat dalam menjayakan penerbitan majalah ini. Wassalam

DARI MEJA KETUA PENGARANG

2

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh dan Salam Sejahtera,

Bersyukur kita kepada Ilahi kerana atas limpah kurnia-Nya, dapat kita meneruskan tanggungjawab yang diamanahkan dengan sempurna. Semoga pencapaian kita sebelum ini dijadikan penanda aras untuk meningkat prestasi perkhidmatan dengan lebih cemerlang pada masa akan datang.

Bertepatan dengan hasrat ini, Unit Pemodenan Tadbiran dan Perancangan Pengurusan Malaysia (MAMPU), Jabatan Perdana Menteri (JPM), telah menerbitkan Pekeliling Kemajuan Pentadbiran Awam (PKPA) Bilangan 4 Tahun 2018 myPortfolio: Panduan Kerja Sektor Awam sebagai pendekatan baharu dalam pelaksanaan bidang tugas dan tanggungjawab yang lebih komprehensif dan teratur di agensi Kerajaan. Ketua Jabatan juga boleh meluas guna myPortfolio sebagai radas strategik dalam pengurusan sumber manusia.

MyPortfolio adalah satu kaedah pengurusan ilmu yang memberikan penekanan kepada pengupayaan minda setiap penjawat awam dalam kerangka organisasi berpembelajaran.

Sehubungan dengan itu, dengan adanya myPortfolio, diharapkan Penjawat Awam akan lebih e�syen dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab demi kejayaan negara mencapai status negara maju. Asas-asas kejayaan sesebuah negara ialah rakyat yang mengamalkan nilai-nilai yang mulia terutamanya penjawat awam yang menjadi nadi negara. Kebolehan yang dianugerahkan membolehkan kita menggunakannya dengan bijak tanpa mengira sebarang sentimen dan tanpa prejudis. Penjawat awam mesti menjadikan nilai-nilai yang mulia ini sebagai sebahagian daripada budaya hidup untuk mencapai matlamat yang khusus iaitu bagi menjayakan negara kita.

DARI MEJA PENGARAH WILAYAH (INTURA)

3

One Step At A Time…Fathy Faizura Mohd Isa

I can turn it onBe a good machineI can hold the weight of worldsIf that’s what you needBe your everythingI can do itI can do itI'll get through it

Each and every one of us has at least one reason that wakes us up every morning, gives us the strength to leave our bed, and drives us to accomplish our mission. Of course, these things are not always easy and there are times we have to persevere.

I can hold my breathI can bite my tongueI can stay awake for daysIf that’s what you wantBe your number oneI can fake a smileI can force a laughI can dance and play the partIf that’s what you askGive you all I amI can do itI can do itI can do it

Emotion is perhaps one of the most volatile parts of a being. Just like wind, emotion can change directions rapidly from the north to the south and blow all over. Clouds of positivity can easily be engulfed by storms of negativity.

But I’m only humanAnd I bleed when I fall downI’m only humanAnd I crash and I break downYour words in my head, knives in my heartYou build me up and then I fall apart'Cause I’m only human

And because we are just little humans, there are only so much we can take before we have had enough. And that is when we hit the rock bottom. The question is what are we going to do when we hit it? Do we just stay there forever or will we climb back up again ?

Maybe we didn’t realise it but it is in our nature as human beings that we don’t really stay put in one place forever. We will eventually move albeit taking forever. And we can do it one step at a time. Just like Doe Zantamata said, “No one ever got to the top of a mountain in one giant jump. Challenges can be overcome, and goals can be reached, but it can only happen one step at a time”.

Step 1: Blow o� The Steam

When we are faced with awful situations, some of us cried our hearts out while others screamed their lungs out. Some just �nd comfort in pouring it out on trusted companions or sheets of papers while others prefer to stu� their bellies full and sleep it o�. We have di�erent coping mechanisms to blow o� the steam in order not to let it eats our hearts out. There have been numerous studies carried out that show the negative e�ects of suppressing emotions not only towards our mental health but also the physical. A study conducted by psychologists from University of Rochester and Harvard School of Public Health found that suppressing emotions may increase the risk of dying from heart disease and certain forms of cancer. Letting o� the steam is good, however we have to be careful on at least two things while doing so: Saying or doing things that we will regret and making hasty decisions. Especially those that involve another being.

Step 2: It Might Not Be the Deepest Bottom

Perhaps one of the most tragic events is the loss of a child by a parent. For Lorelai Go, a mother of three, she did not only have to experience this once but thrice. In a very short but excruciating three years, she lost all her three sons to stage four liver cancer. The sons that she had raised and loved for more than twenty years. What was even more heartbreaking, her hope of at least be able to celebrate her last remaining son’s birthday on January 2nd was dashed when he lost the battle on November 14th.

Do the people think that they will be left to say, "We believe" and they will not be tried?

- Al-Ankabut Verse 2

Life is full of trials. And in some of those trials, we will feel that we have hit the rock bottom. We will start questioning “Why us?” “What have we done to deserve this?” “Why is this world so unfair?” However, before we fully enveloped ourselves in the cocoon of grief and misery, do peek around and search for the stories like Lorelai Go and other people that might have endured su�erings worse than us. Instead of greening with envy towards those people that we perceived might be luckier than us, why not we throw our glances at these people who were less fortunate and realise and be grateful that we are luckier than them. The bottom that we hit might not be as deep as the bottom that they had hit.

Step 3: Take the Reins

“You cannot change the circumstances, the seasons or the winds, but you can change yourself”

- Jim Ron

Some people say our mind is like a boat. If we allow water to enter it without control, eventually it will sink. So is our mind, if we let all the negative things to enter it, we will in due course lose our clarity. Nonetheless, unlike a boat in which water can gush in forcefully and out of our control, we can have a complete control of what goes into our mind if we truly want it so. We can have a complete control on how we perceive things. We can control our mind to �nd a silver lining in every clouds that we see. Hurdles can harm our surroundings and we might not be able to stop it. It can injure our relationships or wound our bodies beyond our control. It can seize everything but it can never seize our mind unless we allow it. So take the reins.

“Anyone can give up; it is the easiest thing in the world to do. But to hold it together when everyone would expect you to fall apart, now that is true strength.”

- Chris Bradford

Step 4: Look for Motivators

Indeed, emotions are so volatile. The storms of negativity will always try to inundate our clouds of positivity. Therefore, it is vital for us to regularly �nd motivators that will enlarge our clouds and keep o� the storms. Motivators can come in many forms. It can be a song we hear, a movie we watch, a book we read, a person we encounter, or activities we do. It can be quotations, places, objects or people. It can be small and it can be huge. It can be brief and it can be long. It can be clear or it can be vague. But it is there nonetheless, waiting for us to notice it. So look for it.

Like a small boatOn the oceanSending big wavesInto motionLike how a single wordCan make a heart openI might only have one matchBut I can make an explosion

To get through the hardest journey, we need take only one step at a time, but we must keep on stepping.

-Chinese Proverb

References

Chapman, Benjamin P. et al. Emotion Suppression And Mortality Risk Over A 12-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 75, Issue 4, 381 – 385, 2013.

Perri, Christina, Johnson, Martin. Human. Head or Heart, Atlantic Records, 2014.

Platten, Rachel, Bassett, David, Levine, Jon. Fight Song. Wild�re, Columbia Records, 2015

4

I can turn it onBe a good machineI can hold the weight of worldsIf that’s what you needBe your everythingI can do itI can do itI'll get through it

Each and every one of us has at least one reason that wakes us up every morning, gives us the strength to leave our bed, and drives us to accomplish our mission. Of course, these things are not always easy and there are times we have to persevere.

I can hold my breathI can bite my tongueI can stay awake for daysIf that’s what you wantBe your number oneI can fake a smileI can force a laughI can dance and play the partIf that’s what you askGive you all I amI can do itI can do itI can do it

Emotion is perhaps one of the most volatile parts of a being. Just like wind, emotion can change directions rapidly from the north to the south and blow all over. Clouds of positivity can easily be engulfed by storms of negativity.

But I’m only humanAnd I bleed when I fall downI’m only humanAnd I crash and I break downYour words in my head, knives in my heartYou build me up and then I fall apart'Cause I’m only human

And because we are just little humans, there are only so much we can take before we have had enough. And that is when we hit the rock bottom. The question is what are we going to do when we hit it? Do we just stay there forever or will we climb back up again ?

Maybe we didn’t realise it but it is in our nature as human beings that we don’t really stay put in one place forever. We will eventually move albeit taking forever. And we can do it one step at a time. Just like Doe Zantamata said, “No one ever got to the top of a mountain in one giant jump. Challenges can be overcome, and goals can be reached, but it can only happen one step at a time”.

Step 1: Blow o� The Steam

When we are faced with awful situations, some of us cried our hearts out while others screamed their lungs out. Some just �nd comfort in pouring it out on trusted companions or sheets of papers while others prefer to stu� their bellies full and sleep it o�. We have di�erent coping mechanisms to blow o� the steam in order not to let it eats our hearts out. There have been numerous studies carried out that show the negative e�ects of suppressing emotions not only towards our mental health but also the physical. A study conducted by psychologists from University of Rochester and Harvard School of Public Health found that suppressing emotions may increase the risk of dying from heart disease and certain forms of cancer. Letting o� the steam is good, however we have to be careful on at least two things while doing so: Saying or doing things that we will regret and making hasty decisions. Especially those that involve another being.

Step 2: It Might Not Be the Deepest Bottom

Perhaps one of the most tragic events is the loss of a child by a parent. For Lorelai Go, a mother of three, she did not only have to experience this once but thrice. In a very short but excruciating three years, she lost all her three sons to stage four liver cancer. The sons that she had raised and loved for more than twenty years. What was even more heartbreaking, her hope of at least be able to celebrate her last remaining son’s birthday on January 2nd was dashed when he lost the battle on November 14th.

Do the people think that they will be left to say, "We believe" and they will not be tried?

- Al-Ankabut Verse 2

Life is full of trials. And in some of those trials, we will feel that we have hit the rock bottom. We will start questioning “Why us?” “What have we done to deserve this?” “Why is this world so unfair?” However, before we fully enveloped ourselves in the cocoon of grief and misery, do peek around and search for the stories like Lorelai Go and other people that might have endured su�erings worse than us. Instead of greening with envy towards those people that we perceived might be luckier than us, why not we throw our glances at these people who were less fortunate and realise and be grateful that we are luckier than them. The bottom that we hit might not be as deep as the bottom that they had hit.

Step 3: Take the Reins

“You cannot change the circumstances, the seasons or the winds, but you can change yourself”

- Jim Ron

Some people say our mind is like a boat. If we allow water to enter it without control, eventually it will sink. So is our mind, if we let all the negative things to enter it, we will in due course lose our clarity. Nonetheless, unlike a boat in which water can gush in forcefully and out of our control, we can have a complete control of what goes into our mind if we truly want it so. We can have a complete control on how we perceive things. We can control our mind to �nd a silver lining in every clouds that we see. Hurdles can harm our surroundings and we might not be able to stop it. It can injure our relationships or wound our bodies beyond our control. It can seize everything but it can never seize our mind unless we allow it. So take the reins.

“Anyone can give up; it is the easiest thing in the world to do. But to hold it together when everyone would expect you to fall apart, now that is true strength.”

- Chris Bradford

Step 4: Look for Motivators

Indeed, emotions are so volatile. The storms of negativity will always try to inundate our clouds of positivity. Therefore, it is vital for us to regularly �nd motivators that will enlarge our clouds and keep o� the storms. Motivators can come in many forms. It can be a song we hear, a movie we watch, a book we read, a person we encounter, or activities we do. It can be quotations, places, objects or people. It can be small and it can be huge. It can be brief and it can be long. It can be clear or it can be vague. But it is there nonetheless, waiting for us to notice it. So look for it.

Like a small boatOn the oceanSending big wavesInto motionLike how a single wordCan make a heart openI might only have one matchBut I can make an explosion

To get through the hardest journey, we need take only one step at a time, but we must keep on stepping.

-Chinese Proverb

References

Chapman, Benjamin P. et al. Emotion Suppression And Mortality Risk Over A 12-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 75, Issue 4, 381 – 385, 2013.

Perri, Christina, Johnson, Martin. Human. Head or Heart, Atlantic Records, 2014.

Platten, Rachel, Bassett, David, Levine, Jon. Fight Song. Wild�re, Columbia Records, 2015

5

Pemikiran kreatif merupakan antara kemahiran penting yang perlu diserapkan dalam kalangan penjawat awam untuk terus kekal relevan pada era tamadun masa kini. Jika ditoleh ke belakang berdasarkan sejarah anjakan ekonomi yang ditempuh oleh negara Malaysia, pada akhir 1957 hingga 1970an merupakan era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Sumber’ (ladang, pertanian, biji timah dll), seterusnya 1980an hingga 1990an pula merupakan era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Perindustrian’ (produk perkilangan) dan mulai akhir 1990an hingga kini, kita telah berada dalam era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Inovasi’. Oleh yang demikian, wajarlah seruan yang diucapkan oleh YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd. Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Perdana Menteri Malaysia dalam Majlis Anugerah Inovasi Perdana Menteri Tahun 2017 yang telah menekankan kepentingan bagi mewujudkan Value Innovation Center (VIC) untuk meluaskan ruang berdaya upaya dalam penghasilan inisiatif-inisiatif baharu yang lebih mantap dan berkesan.

Usaha bagi membudayakan pemikiran kreatif dalam kalangan penjawat awam akan lebih mudah dan menyeronokkan sekiranya dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan teknik-teknik masyhur yang lebih ringkas dan mudah difahami. Antara teknik

percambahan minda (brainstorming) yang mudah dan menyeronokkan untuk memulakan pemikiran kreatif ialah SCAMPER yang telah dicipta oleh Bob Eberle (1970an).

Pada kebiasaannya kita sukar untuk memperoleh idea-idea agung dalam keadaan mempunyai tekanan. Namun melalui SCAMPER, Bob Eberle telah menetapkan turutan mnemonik bagi senarai semak soalan yang akan membimbing ke arah penciptaan idea-idea baharu. Langkah awalnya adalah dengan meletakkan tajuk masalah yang ingin difokuskan sama ada dalam bentuk produk, proses ataupun perkhidmatan baharu. Semakin banyak persoalan yang terbina maka semakin banyak jawapan akan disenaraikan. Adalah tidak perlu untuk terikat pada turutan persoalan mengikut mnemonik yang ditetapkan, sebaliknya hanya perlu menyenaraikan sebanyak mungkin jawapan berdasarkan apa yang terlintas sepanjang sesi percambahan minda berlangsung. Sila lihat jawapan yang anda temui, adakah terdapat jawapan yang menonjol sebagai penyelesaian yang berdaya maju? Jika terdapat jawapan yang kelihatan berdaya maju, cuba terokainya lebih lanjut dan mungkin anda akan memperoleh idea baharu yang amat berpotensi.

SCAMPER Mari mencuba mewujudkan persoalan bagi teknik

SCAMPER

SUBSTITUTECOMBINEADAPTMODIFY / MAGNIFYPUT IT TO SOME OTHER USEELIMINATEREVERSE OR REARRANGE

Apakah yang boleh digantikan baharu?Bolehkah digabungkan dengan sesuatu yang lain?Adakah kaedah lain yang boleh disesuaikan dengannya?Di manakah peluang mencipta sesuatu nilai baharu?Apakah yang boleh digunakan semula di tempat lain?Struktur @ bahagian manakah yang boleh dilenyapkan?Bagaimana untuk mengubah atau terbalikkan kebiasaan ?

PERKATAAN CONTOH BENTUK SOALAN

Berikut merupakan contoh bagaimana untuk memulakan dan menggunakan teknik SCAMPER. Berdasarkan soalan yang disediakan maka pelbagai jawapan yang merupakan idea-idea baharu dapat disenaraikan. Semakin banyak soalan yang diwujudkan semakin luas peluang mengeluarkan idea-idea baharu. Kolum ‘Proses Sedia Ada’ di bawah disediakan bertujuan untuk menunjukkan keadaan semasa bagi tajuk yang difokuskan melalui sesi percambahan minda.

Pada kebiasaannya kita sering bimbang dengan idea baharu yang dikeluarkan dan mungkin juga ter�kir adakah ia sesuai dilaksanakan. Memang benar, idea yang dikeluarkan hanyalah merupakan bahan mentah yang perlu dibangunkan secara terancang agar dapat disesuaikan dengan keperluan semasa. Sesuatu idea akan dianggap berjaya sekiranya mampu untuk memberikan nilai perubahan dari segi penjimatan, penawaran perkhidmatan baharu dan pelbagai aspek yang menguntungkan kepada penggunanya. Sejarah telah mengajar kita bahawa sesuatu idea agung itu akan amat bermakna apabila ia dilancarkan pada saat yang paling tepat. Contohnya, idea Pengedaran Tenaga Elektrik Tanpa Wayar (Wi-Power) telah dicetuskan sejak tahun 1880 oleh Heinrich Rudolf Hertz seorang ahli �zik Jerman.

Seterusnya idea tersebut telah disambung kajiannya oleh Nikola Tesla pada tahun 1891, yang telah berjaya menyalakan beberapa biji mentol lampu menggunakan aruhan gegelung dari jarak 48 kilometer dari sumber elektrik. Akhirnya, teknologi ini baharu sahaja dapat digunakan oleh dunia secara komersial untuk peranti pengecasan telefon bimbit tanpa wayar yang kini telah mampu diperoleh melalui pasaran semasa. Pencapaian ini merupakan permulaan era baharu dalam teknologi Pengedaran Tenaga Elektrik Tanpa Wayar (Wi-Power) dan ianya amatlah berbaloi meskipun jarak antara tahun cetusan idea dengan tahun penghasilan awal idea mula dinikmati adalah melebihi tempoh seabad lamanya. Justeru itu, mari mulakan pemikiran kreatif bersama teknik SCAMPER.

Mutiara Minda Kreatif

“Pemikiran kreatif bukanlah suatu bakat semula jadi tetapi merupakan sesuatu kemahiran yang boleh dipelajari. Ia mendorong seseorang meningkatkan keupayaan semula jadi yang seterusnya meningkatkan

semangat kerjasama, produktiviti dan keuntungan pada masa yang bersesuaian”- Edward de Bono

SUMBER :RSP Innovation: Do You Want To Be Creative?Bebaskan Kreativiti Anda – Yew Kam Keong

MARI MENCUBA KAEDAHBRAINSTORMING KREATIFDENGAN TEKNIK SCAMPER

Mohd. Sahrul Nizam Jaafar

6

Pemikiran kreatif merupakan antara kemahiran penting yang perlu diserapkan dalam kalangan penjawat awam untuk terus kekal relevan pada era tamadun masa kini. Jika ditoleh ke belakang berdasarkan sejarah anjakan ekonomi yang ditempuh oleh negara Malaysia, pada akhir 1957 hingga 1970an merupakan era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Sumber’ (ladang, pertanian, biji timah dll), seterusnya 1980an hingga 1990an pula merupakan era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Perindustrian’ (produk perkilangan) dan mulai akhir 1990an hingga kini, kita telah berada dalam era ekonomi berasaskan ‘Inovasi’. Oleh yang demikian, wajarlah seruan yang diucapkan oleh YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd. Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Perdana Menteri Malaysia dalam Majlis Anugerah Inovasi Perdana Menteri Tahun 2017 yang telah menekankan kepentingan bagi mewujudkan Value Innovation Center (VIC) untuk meluaskan ruang berdaya upaya dalam penghasilan inisiatif-inisiatif baharu yang lebih mantap dan berkesan.

Usaha bagi membudayakan pemikiran kreatif dalam kalangan penjawat awam akan lebih mudah dan menyeronokkan sekiranya dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan teknik-teknik masyhur yang lebih ringkas dan mudah difahami. Antara teknik

percambahan minda (brainstorming) yang mudah dan menyeronokkan untuk memulakan pemikiran kreatif ialah SCAMPER yang telah dicipta oleh Bob Eberle (1970an).

Pada kebiasaannya kita sukar untuk memperoleh idea-idea agung dalam keadaan mempunyai tekanan. Namun melalui SCAMPER, Bob Eberle telah menetapkan turutan mnemonik bagi senarai semak soalan yang akan membimbing ke arah penciptaan idea-idea baharu. Langkah awalnya adalah dengan meletakkan tajuk masalah yang ingin difokuskan sama ada dalam bentuk produk, proses ataupun perkhidmatan baharu. Semakin banyak persoalan yang terbina maka semakin banyak jawapan akan disenaraikan. Adalah tidak perlu untuk terikat pada turutan persoalan mengikut mnemonik yang ditetapkan, sebaliknya hanya perlu menyenaraikan sebanyak mungkin jawapan berdasarkan apa yang terlintas sepanjang sesi percambahan minda berlangsung. Sila lihat jawapan yang anda temui, adakah terdapat jawapan yang menonjol sebagai penyelesaian yang berdaya maju? Jika terdapat jawapan yang kelihatan berdaya maju, cuba terokainya lebih lanjut dan mungkin anda akan memperoleh idea baharu yang amat berpotensi.

Berikut merupakan contoh bagaimana untuk memulakan dan menggunakan teknik SCAMPER. Berdasarkan soalan yang disediakan maka pelbagai jawapan yang merupakan idea-idea baharu dapat disenaraikan. Semakin banyak soalan yang diwujudkan semakin luas peluang mengeluarkan idea-idea baharu. Kolum ‘Proses Sedia Ada’ di bawah disediakan bertujuan untuk menunjukkan keadaan semasa bagi tajuk yang difokuskan melalui sesi percambahan minda.

Pada kebiasaannya kita sering bimbang dengan idea baharu yang dikeluarkan dan mungkin juga ter�kir adakah ia sesuai dilaksanakan. Memang benar, idea yang dikeluarkan hanyalah merupakan bahan mentah yang perlu dibangunkan secara terancang agar dapat disesuaikan dengan keperluan semasa. Sesuatu idea akan dianggap berjaya sekiranya mampu untuk memberikan nilai perubahan dari segi penjimatan, penawaran perkhidmatan baharu dan pelbagai aspek yang menguntungkan kepada penggunanya. Sejarah telah mengajar kita bahawa sesuatu idea agung itu akan amat bermakna apabila ia dilancarkan pada saat yang paling tepat. Contohnya, idea Pengedaran Tenaga Elektrik Tanpa Wayar (Wi-Power) telah dicetuskan sejak tahun 1880 oleh Heinrich Rudolf Hertz seorang ahli �zik Jerman.

Seterusnya idea tersebut telah disambung kajiannya oleh Nikola Tesla pada tahun 1891, yang telah berjaya menyalakan beberapa biji mentol lampu menggunakan aruhan gegelung dari jarak 48 kilometer dari sumber elektrik. Akhirnya, teknologi ini baharu sahaja dapat digunakan oleh dunia secara komersial untuk peranti pengecasan telefon bimbit tanpa wayar yang kini telah mampu diperoleh melalui pasaran semasa. Pencapaian ini merupakan permulaan era baharu dalam teknologi Pengedaran Tenaga Elektrik Tanpa Wayar (Wi-Power) dan ianya amatlah berbaloi meskipun jarak antara tahun cetusan idea dengan tahun penghasilan awal idea mula dinikmati adalah melebihi tempoh seabad lamanya. Justeru itu, mari mulakan pemikiran kreatif bersama teknik SCAMPER.

Mutiara Minda Kreatif

“Pemikiran kreatif bukanlah suatu bakat semula jadi tetapi merupakan sesuatu kemahiran yang boleh dipelajari. Ia mendorong seseorang meningkatkan keupayaan semula jadi yang seterusnya meningkatkan

semangat kerjasama, produktiviti dan keuntungan pada masa yang bersesuaian”- Edward de Bono

SUMBER :RSP Innovation: Do You Want To Be Creative?Bebaskan Kreativiti Anda – Yew Kam Keong

a) Kertas Undib) Peti Undi

a) Kertas Undi Berbeza KADUN dan PARLIMENb) Peti Undi Berbeza Setiap KADUN

a) Saluran Undi + Pandu Lalu KFCb) Kiraan Manual + Mesin Slot Gamec) Lupus Kertas Undi

a) Ruang Saluran Undi Kecil danBerasingan Mengikut Bilik

a) Kiraan jumlah undian dilaksanakandi akhir sesi undian

a) Token Undib) Slot Token

a) Token KADUN dan Token PARLIMENb) Slot Token Pelbagai Pilihan KADUN

a) Saluran Undi Pandu Lalub) Token Slot Kiraan Automatikc) Guna semula token undi M

a) Boleh dilaksanakan dalam ruang yanglebih luas seperti dewan

a) Peti Undi berpotensi dialih bagi kegunaanPilihan Raya Kampus

a) Peti Undi tidak lagi digunakanb) Kertas Undi tidak lagi digunakanc) Bilik saluran undi diganti dengan dewan besard) Petugas kiraan undi tidak diperlukan

a) Markah dihitung sebaik sahaja token undidimasukkan ke dalam slot dan bilanganpecahan undi dipaparkan di skrin keputusan

PROSES SEDIA ADA ADA IDEA BAHARU

FOKUS PERUBAHAN : KAEDAH PILIHAN RAYA

7

Manusia ialah makhluk Tuhan yang unik dan kompleks. Bukan sahaja setiap manusia berbeza antara satu sama lain, tetapi setiap individu mempunyai kelebihan dan kekuatan sendiri yang kadangkala tidak diketahui oleh mereka sendiri. Manusia hanya mengetahui kelebihan yang dirasakan nampak secara �zikal di dalam diri mereka tanpa cuba meneroka potensi sebenar yang ada dalam diri mereka.

Apa itu potensi diri? Potensi diri ialah kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh individu yang mempunyai kemungkinan untuk dikembangkan atau kemampuan yang terpendam di dalam diri individu berkenaan.

Teori bongkah gunung ais (iceberg) yang diperkenalkan oleh Sigmund Freud (1915) mengenai tingkah laku berkaitan minda sedar dan separa sedar boleh dijadikan analogi tentang potensi manusia. Jika iceberg yang selalunya ditemukan di Lautan Artik dan Antartika itu dianalogikan sebagai potensi, manusia hanya melihat potensi mereka hanya terhad kepada apa yang nampak di permukaan sahaja iaitu 10 peratus sahaja daripada keupayaan sebenar mereka. Manusia perlu membongkar 90 peratus lagi potensi yang tersembunyi dalam diri mereka sepertimana iceberg yang hanya nampak 10 peratus sahaja di permukaan dan 90 peratus lagi di bawah permukaan laut.

Teori iceberg ini jika diaplikasikan secara rasional dapat mengembangkan potensi individu jika mereka berusaha untuk mengenal pasti kelebihan mereka dan sentiasa membuat penambahbaikan dari semasa ke semasa untuk pembangunan diri.

Manakala menurut Howard Earl Gardner (1983) dalam kajiannya yang bertajuk Teori Pelbagai Kepintaran menyatakan dengan jelas bahawa setiap manusia mempunyai pelbagai kepintaran yang kadangkala tidak disedari oleh mereka sendiri. Beliau menggariskan bahawa setiap manusia memiliki tujuh kepintaran utama di mana setiap jenis kepintaran itu perlu diteroka oleh individu untuk mempertingkatkan diri. Tujuh kepintaran berkenaan termasuklah:

Kepintaran Bahasa: Mereka yang mempunyai kepintaran ini cenderung untuk mengenal makna perkataan dan frasa, mahir menggunakan pelbagai perkataan dan frasa dengan berkesan, cekap menulis, bijak menyusun dan menyampaikan hujah, dapat mengingati isi kandungan dan boleh memutar-belitkan penggunaan perkataan dan pandai bersajak, berbahas dan mengarang kerana mereka mempunyai perbendaharaan kata yang meluas.

Kepintaran Matematik dan Logik: Mereka yang memiliki bakat matematik dan logik mempunyai kemahiran untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang kompleks, bijak menganalisis situasi yang kompleks, dapat mengenal pasti faktor yang menjadi asas sesuatu masalah, membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan pemikiran logikal.

Kepintaran Muzik: Mereka yang memiliki kepintaran ini selalunya mempunyai kemahiran yang sensitif dalam mengenal pasti ciri-ciri nada (tone) seperti kenyaringan, ritma dan seumpamanya. Bijak menyusun nada muzik berdasarkan mood dan perasaan. Mereka yang mempunyai kepintaran ini dapat belajar bermain alat muzik dalam masa yang singkat dan berkebolehan mencipta lagu.

Kepintaran Ruang (Visual Spatial): Kemahiran ini selalunya dimiliki oleh individu yang mempunyai kemahiran mengenal pasti bentuk yang serupa dan terselindung, bijak menggambarkan keluasan jarak, menyelesaikan masalah jenis 2 dimensi seperti jigsaw puzzle, Mahir dalam aktiviti yang melibatkan mekanikal dan kepakaran sains yang tinggi.

Kepintaran Gerak Tubuh: Individu yang memiliki bakat ini mempuyai kemahiran mengawal pergerakan tubuh (athletic) dan menari. Kepintaran ini dimiliki oleh ahli sukan, penari, ahli sarkas, dan lain-lain yang melibatkan kemahiran mengawal motor pergerakan badan.

Kepintaran Interpersonal: Kemahiran interpersonal melibatkan kebolehan seseorang dalam memahami dan menilai �kiran orang lain, bijak mengenal pasti perasaan orang lain, pandai menjalin hubungan sosial. Individu yang memiliki kepintaran ini juga cekap dalam bidang kepimpinan, bijak mempengaruhi dan mudah bekerjasama dengan orang lain. Selain itu, mereka yang memiliki kepintaran ini juga suka bekerja dalam kumpulan dan memerlukan persetujuan bersama dalam membuat keputusan.

Kepakaran Intrapersonal: Individu yang mempunyai kemahiran ini pula membolehkan mereka memahami diri mereka sendiri. Mereka selalunya mengetahui keistimewaan dan kelemahan yang ada dalam diri mereka. Selain itu, mereka juga mahir dalam mengawal perilaku dan tindak-tanduk sendiri tanpa memerlukan pandangan orang lain.

Apa yang dapat kita pelajari daripada Teori Pelbagai Kepintaran ini ialah setiap manusia perlu mengenal pasti, menganalisis dan cuba mengasah ketujuh-tujuh kepintaran yang ada. Ini adalah kerana setiap individu mempunyai kelebihan yang berbeza-beza mengikut peringkat kepintaran. Jika seseorang individu itu dapat menguasai lebih banyak kepintaran, secara tidak langsung mereka boleh menjadi individu yang multi-talented / multi-skill yang membantu dalam mengembangkan potensi mereka pada masa hadapan.

Menurut Harun Yahya (Adnan Oktar) pula dalam bukunya yang berjudul The Miracle of Human Creation (2001), beliau menerangkan bahawa setiap manusia mempunyai kebolehan yang sama. Apa yang membezakan potensi seseorang ialah kemahuan individu itu sendiri, pengaruh persekitaran dan peluang.

Harun Yahya menerangkan yang kapasiti otak manusia dewasa adalah hampir sama antara satu sama lain di mana purata berat otak manusia 1.2 hingga 1.4kg. Manakala dimensi otak manusia adalah 140mm panjang, 167mm lebar dan 93mm tinggi. Komposisi otak pula termasuklah 77-78% air, 10-12% lipid, 8% protein, 1% karbohidrat, 2% bahan organik larut air, dan 1%

garam bukan organik. Ini menunjukkan yang setiap manusia mempunyai keupayaan potensi yang sama, cuma setiap individu perlu berusaha untuk mengembangkan potensi mereka dan melibatkan diri mereka dalam persekitaran yang positif.

Manusia sering kali sering membandingkan kemampuan antara individu dan mudah mengalah. Ini adalah kerana mereka menganggap mereka tidak hebat seperti si polan. Perasaan rendah diri ini menyebabkan mereka selesa dengan keadaan semasa dan statik tanpa peningkatan sedangkan mereka sebenarnya mempunyai kapasiti dan kemampuan otak yang hampir sama dengan individu yang mereka anggap hebat.

Potensi otak manusia amat menakjubkan jika kita cuba mengkaji kesempurnaan ciptaan Allah SWT ini. Menurut UCLA Brain Research Institute, potensi otak manusia tidak terhad (unlimited). Otak manusia mampu untuk mencipta, menyimpan sebanyak mana maklumat yang dimahukan oleh seseorang individu. Menurut pakar akademik dari Russia, Dr. Ivan Yefremov, kapasiti otak manusia mampu untuk mempelajari 40 jenis bahasa, mengingati set

ensiklopedia daripada A hingga Z dan boleh menyelesaikan kesemua pengajian yang dipelajari dari sepuluh buah kolej.

Pandangan ini dikuatkan lagi dengan hadis Rasulullah SAW yang bermaksud:

“Setiap anak yang dilahirkan itu adalah umpama kain putih (�trah), ibu bapalah yang bertanggungjawab mewarnakan dan mencorakkannya.” (Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim).

Daripada hadis ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahawa setiap manusia yang dilahirkan sebagai khalifah adalah sama. Tiada apa yang membezakannya, hanya pengaruh dalaman (di rumah) dan pengaruh luaran (rakan, persekitaran) yang menentukan perkembangan kognitif, perilaku, kebolehan bayi yang dilahirkan apabila mereka dewasa kelak.

Kesimpulan daripada keseluruhan teori, pandangan dan hadis di atas ialah kita sebagai manusia adalah sama, hanya mereka yang mempunyai kemahuan untuk meneroka potensi diri akan merasakan yang mereka sebenarnya tidak menggunakan sepenuhnya kemahiran yang ada dalam diri mereka.

Allah menukarkan malam dan siang silih berganti; sesungguhnya yang demikian mengandungipelajaran yang mendatangkan iktibar bagi orang yang celik mata hatinya ber�kir

Surah An-Nur Ayat 44

MENEROKA POTENSI DIRIHuzairul Hezri Saidin

8

Manusia ialah makhluk Tuhan yang unik dan kompleks. Bukan sahaja setiap manusia berbeza antara satu sama lain, tetapi setiap individu mempunyai kelebihan dan kekuatan sendiri yang kadangkala tidak diketahui oleh mereka sendiri. Manusia hanya mengetahui kelebihan yang dirasakan nampak secara �zikal di dalam diri mereka tanpa cuba meneroka potensi sebenar yang ada dalam diri mereka.

Apa itu potensi diri? Potensi diri ialah kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh individu yang mempunyai kemungkinan untuk dikembangkan atau kemampuan yang terpendam di dalam diri individu berkenaan.

Teori bongkah gunung ais (iceberg) yang diperkenalkan oleh Sigmund Freud (1915) mengenai tingkah laku berkaitan minda sedar dan separa sedar boleh dijadikan analogi tentang potensi manusia. Jika iceberg yang selalunya ditemukan di Lautan Artik dan Antartika itu dianalogikan sebagai potensi, manusia hanya melihat potensi mereka hanya terhad kepada apa yang nampak di permukaan sahaja iaitu 10 peratus sahaja daripada keupayaan sebenar mereka. Manusia perlu membongkar 90 peratus lagi potensi yang tersembunyi dalam diri mereka sepertimana iceberg yang hanya nampak 10 peratus sahaja di permukaan dan 90 peratus lagi di bawah permukaan laut.

Teori iceberg ini jika diaplikasikan secara rasional dapat mengembangkan potensi individu jika mereka berusaha untuk mengenal pasti kelebihan mereka dan sentiasa membuat penambahbaikan dari semasa ke semasa untuk pembangunan diri.

Manakala menurut Howard Earl Gardner (1983) dalam kajiannya yang bertajuk Teori Pelbagai Kepintaran menyatakan dengan jelas bahawa setiap manusia mempunyai pelbagai kepintaran yang kadangkala tidak disedari oleh mereka sendiri. Beliau menggariskan bahawa setiap manusia memiliki tujuh kepintaran utama di mana setiap jenis kepintaran itu perlu diteroka oleh individu untuk mempertingkatkan diri. Tujuh kepintaran berkenaan termasuklah:

Kepintaran Bahasa: Mereka yang mempunyai kepintaran ini cenderung untuk mengenal makna perkataan dan frasa, mahir menggunakan pelbagai perkataan dan frasa dengan berkesan, cekap menulis, bijak menyusun dan menyampaikan hujah, dapat mengingati isi kandungan dan boleh memutar-belitkan penggunaan perkataan dan pandai bersajak, berbahas dan mengarang kerana mereka mempunyai perbendaharaan kata yang meluas.

Kepintaran Matematik dan Logik: Mereka yang memiliki bakat matematik dan logik mempunyai kemahiran untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang kompleks, bijak menganalisis situasi yang kompleks, dapat mengenal pasti faktor yang menjadi asas sesuatu masalah, membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan pemikiran logikal.

Kepintaran Muzik: Mereka yang memiliki kepintaran ini selalunya mempunyai kemahiran yang sensitif dalam mengenal pasti ciri-ciri nada (tone) seperti kenyaringan, ritma dan seumpamanya. Bijak menyusun nada muzik berdasarkan mood dan perasaan. Mereka yang mempunyai kepintaran ini dapat belajar bermain alat muzik dalam masa yang singkat dan berkebolehan mencipta lagu.

Kepintaran Ruang (Visual Spatial): Kemahiran ini selalunya dimiliki oleh individu yang mempunyai kemahiran mengenal pasti bentuk yang serupa dan terselindung, bijak menggambarkan keluasan jarak, menyelesaikan masalah jenis 2 dimensi seperti jigsaw puzzle, Mahir dalam aktiviti yang melibatkan mekanikal dan kepakaran sains yang tinggi.

Kepintaran Gerak Tubuh: Individu yang memiliki bakat ini mempuyai kemahiran mengawal pergerakan tubuh (athletic) dan menari. Kepintaran ini dimiliki oleh ahli sukan, penari, ahli sarkas, dan lain-lain yang melibatkan kemahiran mengawal motor pergerakan badan.

Kepintaran Interpersonal: Kemahiran interpersonal melibatkan kebolehan seseorang dalam memahami dan menilai �kiran orang lain, bijak mengenal pasti perasaan orang lain, pandai menjalin hubungan sosial. Individu yang memiliki kepintaran ini juga cekap dalam bidang kepimpinan, bijak mempengaruhi dan mudah bekerjasama dengan orang lain. Selain itu, mereka yang memiliki kepintaran ini juga suka bekerja dalam kumpulan dan memerlukan persetujuan bersama dalam membuat keputusan.

Kepakaran Intrapersonal: Individu yang mempunyai kemahiran ini pula membolehkan mereka memahami diri mereka sendiri. Mereka selalunya mengetahui keistimewaan dan kelemahan yang ada dalam diri mereka. Selain itu, mereka juga mahir dalam mengawal perilaku dan tindak-tanduk sendiri tanpa memerlukan pandangan orang lain.

Apa yang dapat kita pelajari daripada Teori Pelbagai Kepintaran ini ialah setiap manusia perlu mengenal pasti, menganalisis dan cuba mengasah ketujuh-tujuh kepintaran yang ada. Ini adalah kerana setiap individu mempunyai kelebihan yang berbeza-beza mengikut peringkat kepintaran. Jika seseorang individu itu dapat menguasai lebih banyak kepintaran, secara tidak langsung mereka boleh menjadi individu yang multi-talented / multi-skill yang membantu dalam mengembangkan potensi mereka pada masa hadapan.

Menurut Harun Yahya (Adnan Oktar) pula dalam bukunya yang berjudul The Miracle of Human Creation (2001), beliau menerangkan bahawa setiap manusia mempunyai kebolehan yang sama. Apa yang membezakan potensi seseorang ialah kemahuan individu itu sendiri, pengaruh persekitaran dan peluang.

Harun Yahya menerangkan yang kapasiti otak manusia dewasa adalah hampir sama antara satu sama lain di mana purata berat otak manusia 1.2 hingga 1.4kg. Manakala dimensi otak manusia adalah 140mm panjang, 167mm lebar dan 93mm tinggi. Komposisi otak pula termasuklah 77-78% air, 10-12% lipid, 8% protein, 1% karbohidrat, 2% bahan organik larut air, dan 1%

garam bukan organik. Ini menunjukkan yang setiap manusia mempunyai keupayaan potensi yang sama, cuma setiap individu perlu berusaha untuk mengembangkan potensi mereka dan melibatkan diri mereka dalam persekitaran yang positif.

Manusia sering kali sering membandingkan kemampuan antara individu dan mudah mengalah. Ini adalah kerana mereka menganggap mereka tidak hebat seperti si polan. Perasaan rendah diri ini menyebabkan mereka selesa dengan keadaan semasa dan statik tanpa peningkatan sedangkan mereka sebenarnya mempunyai kapasiti dan kemampuan otak yang hampir sama dengan individu yang mereka anggap hebat.

Potensi otak manusia amat menakjubkan jika kita cuba mengkaji kesempurnaan ciptaan Allah SWT ini. Menurut UCLA Brain Research Institute, potensi otak manusia tidak terhad (unlimited). Otak manusia mampu untuk mencipta, menyimpan sebanyak mana maklumat yang dimahukan oleh seseorang individu. Menurut pakar akademik dari Russia, Dr. Ivan Yefremov, kapasiti otak manusia mampu untuk mempelajari 40 jenis bahasa, mengingati set

ensiklopedia daripada A hingga Z dan boleh menyelesaikan kesemua pengajian yang dipelajari dari sepuluh buah kolej.

Pandangan ini dikuatkan lagi dengan hadis Rasulullah SAW yang bermaksud:

“Setiap anak yang dilahirkan itu adalah umpama kain putih (�trah), ibu bapalah yang bertanggungjawab mewarnakan dan mencorakkannya.” (Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim).

Daripada hadis ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahawa setiap manusia yang dilahirkan sebagai khalifah adalah sama. Tiada apa yang membezakannya, hanya pengaruh dalaman (di rumah) dan pengaruh luaran (rakan, persekitaran) yang menentukan perkembangan kognitif, perilaku, kebolehan bayi yang dilahirkan apabila mereka dewasa kelak.

Kesimpulan daripada keseluruhan teori, pandangan dan hadis di atas ialah kita sebagai manusia adalah sama, hanya mereka yang mempunyai kemahuan untuk meneroka potensi diri akan merasakan yang mereka sebenarnya tidak menggunakan sepenuhnya kemahiran yang ada dalam diri mereka.

Continuous e�ort - not strength or intelligence - is the key to unlocking our potential.

Winston Churchill

RujukanSmith Jr., Jim. From Average to Awesome. Alexandria, Virginia : ASTD Press, 2008.

Dr. Danial Zainal Abidin. 7 Formulas of Excellent Individuals. Selangor, PTS Millenia Sdn. Bhd., 2011Harun Yahya. The Miracle of Human Creation. New Delhi, Goodword Books Pvt. Ltd., 2003.Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books, 2011.

Freud, Sigmund. (2018, July 29). Unconscious Mind. Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud

9

Anda alami tekanan jika…“Aku stress!” Acap kali kita mendengar ungkapan tersebut apabila berhadapan dengan sesuatu keadaan yang kritikal dan terdesak. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan “stress” atau tekanan?. Dr. Hans Seyle (1964) telah memperkenalkan teori tekanan. Menurut beliau, tekanan dide�nisikan sebagai satu set �zikal dan psikologikal yang bertindak balas kepada keadaan dan pengaruh yang sebaliknya. Secara mudahnya bermaksud suatu reaksi yang tidak spesi�k oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh sesuatu bebanan yang menimpanya. ‘Bebanan’ ini boleh wujud dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti ancaman, cabaran atau perubahan dalam kehidupan yang memerlukan individu tersebut membuat pengubahsuaian supaya seiring dengan perubahan tersebut.

Dalam kehidupan kita, sama ada kehidupan seharian atau kerjaya, tekanan adalah perlu. Tekanan perlu untuk mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik. Dalam kerjaya, tekanan yang bersesuaian akan mewujudkan situasi yang positif kerana ia akan memberi motivasi dan tumpuan yang tinggi semasa melaksanakan tugas. Walau bagaimanapun, tekanan yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan kebinasaan. Apabila tekanan berada di peringkat tinggi, seseorang itu akan mengalami kesan tekanan seperti kemurungan, kemarahan yang tidak boleh dikawal, tekanan perasaan dan masalah kesihatan sehingga membawa maut.

Menurut Dr. Devid B. Posen, terdapat dua jenis tekanan iaitu Eustress dan Distress. Eustress ialah tekanan yang berbentuk rangsangan atau memberi kesan positif dan mengembirakan seseorang individu. Sebagai contoh, tekanan yang dialami oleh bakal pengantin yang sedang berdepan dengan jurunikah untuk melafazkan akad. Manakala distress ialah tekanan yang akan memberikan kesan negatif kepada individu terlibat. Contohnya, seorang individu yang mengalami kemalangan jalan raya dan telah lumpuh akibat kemalangan tersebut. Kesannya, individu tersebut menjadi murung dan sering menyalahkan takdir sehingga membawa kepada kemusnahan dirinya.

Firman Allah surah al-Baqarah ayat 155-156 yang bermaksud "Demi sesungguhnya! Kami akan menguji kamu dengan sedikit perasaan takut (kepada musuh) dan (dengan merasai) kelaparan, dan (dengan berlakunya) kekurangan dari harta benda dan jiwa serta hasil tanaman. Dan berilah khabar gembira kepada orang yang sabar (iaitu) orang yang apabila mereka ditimpa oleh sesuatu kesusahan, mereka berkata: Sesungguhnya kami adalah kepunyaan Allah dan kepada Allah jualah kami kembali."

Berdasarkan maksud ayat di atas, ujian ini boleh dianggap sebagai tekanan kerana kita akan mengalami kesan daripada ujian tersebut dan kita akan membuat pengubahsuaian supaya selari dengan ujian yang diterima. Dalam Islam, kita perlu yakin bahawa setiap ujian yang diturunkan Allah kepada hamba-Nya pasti akan mendatangkan kebaikan jika hamba-Nya bersabar dan reda dengan ujian yang diterima.Hal ini demikian kerana melalui ujian inilah keimanan, ketakwaan, kesyukuran dan rasa cinta seorang hamba kepada Penciptanya akan lebih mantap.Sekiranya kita mengabaikan tekanan yang dihadapi,

dalam jangka masa panjang, kita akan mengalami kesan yang teruk. Oleh itu, kita perlu mengambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk menangani tekanan tersebut supaya tidak berlarutan dan menjadikan kita semakin parah. Tekanan yang dialami oleh seseorang dapat dilihat melalui empat kategori berikut :Fizikal: cepat penat, keletihan, pening kepala, insomnia, ketegangan di kawasan bahu dan belakang, degupan

jantung yang kuat, sakit dada, meloya, menggigil, sejuk tangan dan berpeluh;

Mental: hilang tumpuan, mudah lupa, susah untuk membuat keputusan, tidak boleh ber�kir, pemikiran celaru dan tidak boleh berjenaka;

Emosi: risau, cepat marah, sensitif, mudah hilang sabar dan hilang semangat (burn out); dan

Tingkah laku: Keluh-kesah, menggigit kuku, makan yang berlebihan, merokok, minum arak dan bertindak agresif.Teori tekanan bukan sahaja dikaitkan dengan ancaman kesihatan malahan mempercepatkan

penuaan dan tindakan penuh emosi. Terdapat kajian yang membuktikan tekanan adalah penyebab utama penyakit jantung dan kanser serta peningkatan kepada pelbagai masalah kesihatan terutama berkaitan perut. Emosi manusia berkait rapat dengan perut dan usus, iaitu komponen saluran gastrousus (GIT). Emosi marah, risau, sedih, bimbang, dan pelbagai emosi lain akan mencetuskan tindak balas �zikal di dalam usus. Saluran gastrousus sememangnya amat sensitif dengan emosi kita.

Apakah tindakan pencegahan yang boleh diambil supaya tekanan tidak berlaku atau dikurangkan ?

i. Senaman - melakukan aktiviti �zikal seperti berlari, bermain badminton dan berenang boleh mengurangkan tekanan mental dan emosi. Kesannya akan lebih kuat jika dilakukan secara kerap kerana akan kurang berasa risau dan bimbang sebaliknya lebih tenang. Hormon yang dirembeskan oleh tubuh semasa bersenam seperti endorphin membantu memperbaiki mood dan juga bertindak sebagai penahan sakit, sekaligus merendahkan hormon cortisol. Di samping itu, bersenam juga akan memperbaiki kualiti tidur serta meningkatkan keyakinan diri;

ii. Meluangkan masa bersama keluarga dan sahabat yang sentiasa menyokong anda. Ini bukan sahaja memberi sokongan dan semangat malah turut menyebarkan aura yang positif jika kita sentiasa dikelilingi oleh orang yang positif. Ada kajian yang menyatakan bahawa apabila kita berada bersama keluarga, sahabat dan kanak-kanak, hormon oxytocin akan dirembes. Hormon oxytocin ialah sejenis hormon yang boleh mengurangkan tekanan secara semulajadi;

iii. Mengamal teknik pernafasan deep breathing. Teknik ini boleh membantu mengurangkan kelajuan degupan jantung, menenangkan pernafasan dan meredakan tekanan salur darah. Antara kaedah yang disyorkan bagi menangani tekanan adalah seperti yang berikut:

Deep breathing akan mengaktifkan sistem parasympathetic nervous yang mengawal tindak balas yang menenangkan;

iv. Dalam konteks Islam, tuntutan melaksanakan solat ke atas semua hambaNya yang cukup hukumnya, memberi banyak kelebihan dalam menangani tekanan. Terdapat kajian oleh pakar psikologi barat yang membuktikan fadilat solat dalam memberi ketenangan jiwa dan pemikiran seseorang. Secara sainti�knya solat merupakan suatu situasi yang aman dan damai kerana seluruh tubuh dan minda seseorang difokuskan kepada sesuatu iaitu Allah SWT. Gerakan dalam solat dan keadaan minda yang fokus menghalang pengaliran keluar hormon negatif seperti cortisol, epinephrine dan norepinephrine daripada kelenjar adrenalin yang bertindak balas terhadap sebarang tekanan. Selain itu, solat juga membantu memberi intervensi positif terhadap sistem pernafasan, aliran oksigen dalam badan, degupan jantung, dan gelombang otak.

Aishah Musa

v. Di samping solat, amalan membaca al-Quran dan berzikir juga mampu menenangkan jiwa sebagaimana jaminan Allah SWT dalam surah ar-Ra'd ayat 28 maksudnya: "(Iaitu) orang-orang yang beriman dan tenang tenteram hati mereka dengan zikrullah". Ketahuilah dengan "zikrullah" itu, tenang tenteramlah hati manusia.' Ini kerana al-Quran (dan al-hadith) merupakan sumber teragung dalam merungkaikan segala permasalahan manusia.

Sehubungan dengan itu, janganlah membiarkan diri kita dibelenggu oleh tekanan kerana ia tidak akan memberikan faedah sebaliknya akan membinasakan diri sendiri. Cubalah lakukan sesuatu supaya kita tidak tertumpu kepada permasalahan yang menjadi tekanan sebaliknya jadikan bebanan itu sebagai satu motivasi. Redalah dan sentiasa ber�kiran positif kerana reaksi diri kita dikawal oleh minda kita.

10

“Aku stress!” Acap kali kita mendengar ungkapan tersebut apabila berhadapan dengan sesuatu keadaan yang kritikal dan terdesak. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan “stress” atau tekanan?. Dr. Hans Seyle (1964) telah memperkenalkan teori tekanan. Menurut beliau, tekanan dide�nisikan sebagai satu set �zikal dan psikologikal yang bertindak balas kepada keadaan dan pengaruh yang sebaliknya. Secara mudahnya bermaksud suatu reaksi yang tidak spesi�k oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh sesuatu bebanan yang menimpanya. ‘Bebanan’ ini boleh wujud dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti ancaman, cabaran atau perubahan dalam kehidupan yang memerlukan individu tersebut membuat pengubahsuaian supaya seiring dengan perubahan tersebut.










i.

ii.

iii.

iv.







Menghembuskan nafas melalui diafragma

Menarik nafas melalui diafragma




11

“Aku stress!” Acap kali kita mendengar ungkapan tersebut apabila berhadapan dengan sesuatu keadaan yang kritikal dan terdesak. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan “stress” atau tekanan?. Dr. Hans Seyle (1964) telah memperkenalkan teori tekanan. Menurut beliau, tekanan dide�nisikan sebagai satu set �zikal dan psikologikal yang bertindak balas kepada keadaan dan pengaruh yang sebaliknya. Secara mudahnya bermaksud suatu reaksi yang tidak spesi�k oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh sesuatu bebanan yang menimpanya. ‘Bebanan’ ini boleh wujud dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti ancaman, cabaran atau perubahan dalam kehidupan yang memerlukan individu tersebut membuat pengubahsuaian supaya seiring dengan perubahan tersebut.



















16

Tujuan SajianSajian ialah makanan/ minuman yang disajikan pada masa tertentu seperti sarapan pagi, minum pagi, makan tengah hari, minum petang dan makan malam. Menu yang dirancang mestilah berdasarkan kepada tujuan mengadakan majlis sama ada formal atau tidak.

KegemaranSetiap individu mempunyai makanan kegemaran masing-masing. Aspek ini perlu diberi penekanan semasa merancang menu.

PerbelanjaanPerancang menu hendaklah mengikut peruntukan perbelanjaan yang ditetapkan untuk mengelakkan pembaziran.

Sumber Makanan SemasaBahan yang digunakan pada musimnya lebih mudah diperolehi, segar dan murah

Kemudahan FizikalMenggunakan peralatan memasak yang lengkap membolehkan makanan disedia, dimasak dan dihidang dengan cepat dan sempurna.

Sumber Tenaga dan Masa.Sumber tenaga merupakan faktor yang penting bagi memudahkan dan mempercepatkan penyediaan makanan.

KepelbagaianMenu yang dirancang perlu mempunyai variasi dari segi kaedah memasak, tekstur, rasa, rupa dan jenis makanan /nutrien.

KeperluanPemilihan menu perlu membekalkan nutrient yang mencukupi untuk setiap individu. Pemilihan bergantung kepada umur, jantina, saiz tubuh, aktiviti dan kesihatan.

Waktu HidanganHidangan harian utama adalah seperti sarapan pagi, makan tengahari dan makan malam. Hdangan mengalas perut adalah seperti minum pagi dan minum petang.

Kemahiran dan KebolehanKemahiran dan kebolehan tukang masak juga perlu dipertimbangkan.

Bilangan TetamuKuantiti yang disediakan cukup untuk menampung bilangan tetamu yang ada bagi mengelakkan pembaziran.

Kaedah memasak – mengukus, memanggang , merebus dan lain-lainTekstur – masakan yang berbeza harus mempunyai tekstur yangberlainan.Rasa - pelbagai rasa seperti savuri, manis, masam dan pedasNutrien – terdiri daripada karbohidrat, protein, vitamin, garammineral dan kandungan lemak yang sedikit.

i.ii.

iii.iv.

Pengurusan Sajian (MAKLUMAT ASAS)Oleh : Salmah Saad

PERANCANGAN MENU

PENYEDIAAN MAKANAN1. Mengetahui bilangan orang yang hendak makan2. Mengikut belanjawan dan kemahiran yang diperlukan.3. Mengetahui keseimbangan nutrien dalam sajian.4. Mengetahui keperluan diet seseorang.5. Menyaji dan menghias makanan.

17

Versova Beach considered to be one of the dirtiest beaches in Mumbai. Even though there were 55,000 people living along the beach, none had ever paid any signi�cant attention to its dreadful state which was covered with 5.5 feet high of rubbish. That was until one man who came back to live there decided to take matters into his own hands.

It’s not about what can they do, rather it’s what can I do or what do I do

Afroz Shah, then a 33-year-old lawyer grew up in Versova Beach, spending most of his pastime at the beach. After college, he moved away to pursue his dreams and when he �nally came back in 2015, he was devastated to �nd out that he had lost his beach. He had lost it to the piles of rubbish and plastics. Seeing the dire state of the beach, a question sprung into his mind. What do I do? He answered it by wearing his gloves and that was the start of what was soon to be hundreds of his dates with the ocean. A date which involved labouring under the scorching sun in an e�ort to remove millions of kilograms of waste from the beach.

Act on it, don’t just think about it

Afroz Shah knew that his mission was challenging, extremely di�cult and perhaps impossible to accomplish. But those thoughts did not deter him. The sight of tall and widespread piles of garbage did not deter him. The realization that at that time there were only two pairs of hands, one of a 33-year-old and another of 84-year-old, who would carry out this mission did not deter him. The discouraging thoughts of other people on his mission did not deter him. Armed with a pair of gloves, Shah and his neighbour started cleaning up the beach, one piece of rubbish at a time. Every weekend since.

Know the limit and do something about it

Even though Shah and his neighbour, Harbansh Mathur, had begun carrying out the mission by themselves, he realised that it was going to be an impossible mission unless he enlisted the help of more

by Fathy Faizura Mohd Isa

people. Therefore, he walked around the streets and started knocking on doors and explained the damage of the marine litters to the residents and told them about his mission. Of course, it wasn’t going to be easy. He was rebuked. People said it was pointless and it could never be done. The garbage would never get cleared. Undeterred, he decided to inspire people by example. He would pick up the rubbish himself and o�ered to clean the communal toilets.Nobody joined them in the �rst six to eight weeks but then one day two men approached him and asked him politely, “Please sir, can we wear your gloves?” That was the moment when he knew that this mission was no longer impossible. What had started as a two-man mission has now become a thousands-of-people mission.

Publicise it if needed

Afroz Shah did not like to announce the e�orts that they were doing. For him, it was like announcing to the world that he was going to the mosque for a prayer. Something that he believed to be inappropriate and perhaps a little bit embarrassing. However, the volunteers believed otherwise. They knew that it was not about fame, rather it was about increasing the awareness to other people. The people who might join them as volunteers or would be inspired to start a similar mission elsewhere. It was not about being boastful, rather it was about attracting the right people who could help them �nancially or lending them better and bigger equipment. So they managed to coax him to agree to the idea of having a uniform, an orange t-shirt marked VRV – Versova Resident Volunteers and publicised the project via Twitter. The e�orts were fruitful. They attracted more people including local celebrities especially from Bollywood, some of whom donated equipment. When Shah and his team were forced to suspend their clean-up project due to harassment from goons and administrative lethargy in November 2017, Maharashtra Chief Minister, Devendra Fadnavis stepped in. The project also attracted the United Nations Environment Program who called his mission “the world’s largest beach clean-up in history” and in 2016, they conferred him the title Champion of the Earth.

Prepare to pass the torch

This project is not a one-o� thing but it is an ongoing project. As long as there are people who use and litter plastics and rubbish, those trashes will �nd their way to the Versova Beach. On 20 May 2017, Shah tweeted a picture of the now-immaculate beach. However, on July 6th, Hindustantimes published a photo of the beach which was once again full of litters. They found out that 70% of the trash that were washed ashore came from the residents who were dumping them in the nine creeks in Mumbai’s northwest suburbs. For Shah, it is because there has been a loss of sense of belonging in the community. Therefore, other than carrying out the clean-up activities every weekend, Shah is also actively involved in giving awareness talks to the community especially the youths and children. He is also mentoring around 60,000 children in an e�ort to create a huge army of ocean and nature lovers who will work to save the environment. One Afroz is certainly not enough for this planet. During a talk in Vibgyor International School, Shah was overwhelmed when he found out that the children were wearing a Gandhi cap with writings of “I am Afroz” in English and Hindi on each side. When he asked two of the boys why they were wearing these caps, they said, “we want to step into your shoes”. Hearing that, Shah knew that his work there was done. Afroz Shah’s inspirational mission is creating a ripple e�ect.

Currently, there are �ve clean-up projects going on in Mumbai alone as well as various clean-up projects going on in other parts of India.

Love conquers all

Afroz Shah may be a lawyer by profession but he is an ocean lover by passion. In 2015, he was heartbroken to watch the ocean that he loved dearly had been lost to litters and trash. His heart was crushed to see his beloved marine lives and sea turtles became the victims of the polluted water and plastic wastes. All of his actions to save the environment is based on the edi�ce of love and is governed by three keywords – consistency, sincerity and persistency. Due to his love, he is more than willing to sacri�ce his time, energy and wealth. For him, deeply in our hearts, everyone loves nature but what we are lacking is the manifestation of our love. For Shah, the journey to connect with nature is long and arduous but it satiates him with vigour and love. He truly believes that when love becomes the theme of our work, then everything else is secondary and quitting is not on our mind.

"Faith makes all things possible. Hope makes all things work. Love makes all things beautiful." – Unknown Author

ReferencesAfroz Shah Environmental Organizer 2016 Champion of the Earth, Inspiration and Action (n.d.). Retrieved from http://web.unep.org/championsofearth/laureates/2016/afroz-shah

Arora, M. (2017, May 22). From �lthy to fabulous: Mumbai beach undergoes dramatic makeover. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/asia/mumbai-beach-dramatic-makeover/index.html

Borpujari, P. (2018, April 22). Filthy Mumbai beach rebreeds turtles, thanks to a city lawyer. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/�lthy-mubai-beach-rebreeds-turtles-city-lawyer-180419112428949.html

Chatterjee, B. (2017, July 6). Mumbai’s Versova beach is dirty again. Here’s why. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/mum-bai-news/mumbai-s-versva-beach-is-dirty-again-here-s-why/story-fYBkgQXhnHTXnXdqRCQ01H.html

Chatterjee, B. (2018, May 28). Versova beach in Mumbai clean, while Juhu beach full of trash. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/versova-beach-in-mubai-clean-while-juhu-beach-full-of-trash/story-JU7Ew0Ir7IpMoQ4Kx4OLlL.html

D’Souza, P. (2018, 24 July). Afroz Shah: Champion of the Earth. Retrieved from https://www.darpanmagazine.com/people/newsmakers/afroz-shah-champion-of-the-earth/#.W1afL6ckv48.twitter

Sa�, M. (2018, March 30). Mumbai beach goes from dump to turtle hatchery in two years. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/30/mumbai-beach-goes-from-dump-to-turtle-hatch-ery-in-two-years

Sinha, A. (2017, November 21). Mumbai’s Beach Clean-Up Suspended After Afroz Shah Alleges Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.-thequint.com/news/environment/mumbai-versova-beach-clean-up-suspended-after-afroz-shah-alleges-heckling

“It takes but one person, one moment, one conviction, to start a ripple of change.” - Donna Brazile

18

Versova Beach considered to be one of the dirtiest beaches in Mumbai. Even though there were 55,000 people living along the beach, none had ever paid any signi�cant attention to its dreadful state which was covered with 5.5 feet high of rubbish. That was until one man who came back to live there decided to take matters into his own hands.

It’s not about what can they do, rather it’s what can I do or what do I do

Afroz Shah, then a 33-year-old lawyer grew up in Versova Beach, spending most of his pastime at the beach. After college, he moved away to pursue his dreams and when he �nally came back in 2015, he was devastated to �nd out that he had lost his beach. He had lost it to the piles of rubbish and plastics. Seeing the dire state of the beach, a question sprung into his mind. What do I do? He answered it by wearing his gloves and that was the start of what was soon to be hundreds of his dates with the ocean. A date which involved labouring under the scorching sun in an e�ort to remove millions of kilograms of waste from the beach.

Act on it, don’t just think about it

Afroz Shah knew that his mission was challenging, extremely di�cult and perhaps impossible to accomplish. But those thoughts did not deter him. The sight of tall and widespread piles of garbage did not deter him. The realization that at that time there were only two pairs of hands, one of a 33-year-old and another of 84-year-old, who would carry out this mission did not deter him. The discouraging thoughts of other people on his mission did not deter him. Armed with a pair of gloves, Shah and his neighbour started cleaning up the beach, one piece of rubbish at a time. Every weekend since.

Know the limit and do something about it

Even though Shah and his neighbour, Harbansh Mathur, had begun carrying out the mission by themselves, he realised that it was going to be an impossible mission unless he enlisted the help of more

people. Therefore, he walked around the streets and started knocking on doors and explained the damage of the marine litters to the residents and told them about his mission. Of course, it wasn’t going to be easy. He was rebuked. People said it was pointless and it could never be done. The garbage would never get cleared. Undeterred, he decided to inspire people by example. He would pick up the rubbish himself and o�ered to clean the communal toilets.Nobody joined them in the �rst six to eight weeks but then one day two men approached him and asked him politely, “Please sir, can we wear your gloves?” That was the moment when he knew that this mission was no longer impossible. What had started as a two-man mission has now become a thousands-of-people mission.

Publicise it if needed

Afroz Shah did not like to announce the e�orts that they were doing. For him, it was like announcing to the world that he was going to the mosque for a prayer. Something that he believed to be inappropriate and perhaps a little bit embarrassing. However, the volunteers believed otherwise. They knew that it was not about fame, rather it was about increasing the awareness to other people. The people who might join them as volunteers or would be inspired to start a similar mission elsewhere. It was not about being boastful, rather it was about attracting the right people who could help them �nancially or lending them better and bigger equipment. So they managed to coax him to agree to the idea of having a uniform, an orange t-shirt marked VRV – Versova Resident Volunteers and publicised the project via Twitter. The e�orts were fruitful. They attracted more people including local celebrities especially from Bollywood, some of whom donated equipment. When Shah and his team were forced to suspend their clean-up project due to harassment from goons and administrative lethargy in November 2017, Maharashtra Chief Minister, Devendra Fadnavis stepped in. The project also attracted the United Nations Environment Program who called his mission “the world’s largest beach clean-up in history” and in 2016, they conferred him the title Champion of the Earth.

Prepare to pass the torch

This project is not a one-o� thing but it is an ongoing project. As long as there are people who use and litter plastics and rubbish, those trashes will �nd their way to the Versova Beach. On 20 May 2017, Shah tweeted a picture of the now-immaculate beach. However, on July 6th, Hindustantimes published a photo of the beach which was once again full of litters. They found out that 70% of the trash that were washed ashore came from the residents who were dumping them in the nine creeks in Mumbai’s northwest suburbs. For Shah, it is because there has been a loss of sense of belonging in the community. Therefore, other than carrying out the clean-up activities every weekend, Shah is also actively involved in giving awareness talks to the community especially the youths and children. He is also mentoring around 60,000 children in an e�ort to create a huge army of ocean and nature lovers who will work to save the environment. One Afroz is certainly not enough for this planet. During a talk in Vibgyor International School, Shah was overwhelmed when he found out that the children were wearing a Gandhi cap with writings of “I am Afroz” in English and Hindi on each side. When he asked two of the boys why they were wearing these caps, they said, “we want to step into your shoes”. Hearing that, Shah knew that his work there was done. Afroz Shah’s inspirational mission is creating a ripple e�ect.

Currently, there are �ve clean-up projects going on in Mumbai alone as well as various clean-up projects going on in other parts of India.

Love conquers all

Afroz Shah may be a lawyer by profession but he is an ocean lover by passion. In 2015, he was heartbroken to watch the ocean that he loved dearly had been lost to litters and trash. His heart was crushed to see his beloved marine lives and sea turtles became the victims of the polluted water and plastic wastes. All of his actions to save the environment is based on the edi�ce of love and is governed by three keywords – consistency, sincerity and persistency. Due to his love, he is more than willing to sacri�ce his time, energy and wealth. For him, deeply in our hearts, everyone loves nature but what we are lacking is the manifestation of our love. For Shah, the journey to connect with nature is long and arduous but it satiates him with vigour and love. He truly believes that when love becomes the theme of our work, then everything else is secondary and quitting is not on our mind.

"Faith makes all things possible. Hope makes all things work. Love makes all things beautiful." – Unknown Author

ReferencesAfroz Shah Environmental Organizer 2016 Champion of the Earth, Inspiration and Action (n.d.). Retrieved from http://web.unep.org/championsofearth/laureates/2016/afroz-shah

Arora, M. (2017, May 22). From �lthy to fabulous: Mumbai beach undergoes dramatic makeover. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/asia/mumbai-beach-dramatic-makeover/index.html

Borpujari, P. (2018, April 22). Filthy Mumbai beach rebreeds turtles, thanks to a city lawyer. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/�lthy-mubai-beach-rebreeds-turtles-city-lawyer-180419112428949.html

Chatterjee, B. (2017, July 6). Mumbai’s Versova beach is dirty again. Here’s why. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/mum-bai-news/mumbai-s-versva-beach-is-dirty-again-here-s-why/story-fYBkgQXhnHTXnXdqRCQ01H.html

Chatterjee, B. (2018, May 28). Versova beach in Mumbai clean, while Juhu beach full of trash. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/versova-beach-in-mubai-clean-while-juhu-beach-full-of-trash/story-JU7Ew0Ir7IpMoQ4Kx4OLlL.html

D’Souza, P. (2018, 24 July). Afroz Shah: Champion of the Earth. Retrieved from https://www.darpanmagazine.com/people/newsmakers/afroz-shah-champion-of-the-earth/#.W1afL6ckv48.twitter

Sa�, M. (2018, March 30). Mumbai beach goes from dump to turtle hatchery in two years. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/30/mumbai-beach-goes-from-dump-to-turtle-hatch-ery-in-two-years

Sinha, A. (2017, November 21). Mumbai’s Beach Clean-Up Suspended After Afroz Shah Alleges Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.-thequint.com/news/environment/mumbai-versova-beach-clean-up-suspended-after-afroz-shah-alleges-heckling

The photographs of Versova Beach on 20 May and 6 July2017 respectively highlight the devastating e�ect ofwaterway litters.

19

Telah menjadi satu trend pada masa kini, rakyat Malaysia gemar menjadikan mendaki gunung sebagai satu hobi bagi mengisi masa lapang. Walau bagaimanapun kebanyakannya kurang arif dengan keperluan semasa mendaki. Perkara ini selalunya berlaku kepada pendaki yang baru mula berjinak dengan sukan ekstrem ini. Selain memerlukan �zikal yang kuat, pendaki juga perlu ada serba sedikit pengetahuan tentang keperluan yang perlu dibawa semasa mendaki terutama pendakian yang memerlukan kita bermalam dan survival.

Oleh: Rosilah Puteh

Mendaki gunung merupakan hobi atau kegiatan yang berisiko agak tinggi kerana perlu berhadapan dengan keadaan muka bumi dan cuaca di lokasi pendakian. Walaupun telah faham terhadap risiko-risiko yang bakal ditempuhi, namun ramai yang masih mengambil ringan tentang keperluan yang harus dibawa semasa menjalani aktiviti ini, disebabkan lebih fokus kepada rasa seronok dan bangga untuk berkongsi tentang aktiviti yang telah mereka lalui di media sosial. Berikut dikongsikan beberapa keperluan semasa aktiviti pendakian yang telah saya kategorikan kepada keperluan asas dan keperluan pelbagai.

Pakaian pendaki. Gunakan kemeja T yang diperbuat daripada bahan sintetik seperti quick dry. Tidak kisahlah jika anda mahu mengunakan lengan pendek atau panjang. Pakai pakaian yang berwarna cerah. Pada masa ini, seluar panjang mendaki yang diperbuat daripada bahan sintetik banyak dijual di pasaran. Elakkan mendaki dengan memakai seluar jeans kerana jeans agak berat dan menyukarkan pergerakan. Beg hiking diperlukan untuk membawa semua kelengkapan sepanjang tempoh survival ini. Dicadangkan supaya memilih beg yang sesuai dan mampu dibawa sendiri bergantung kepada saiz badan pendaki dan mampu

memuatkan semua keperluan serta mengambil kira tempoh pendakian kita. Sebagai contoh, sekiranya pendakian hanya mengambil masa dua hari satu malam, beg dengan ukuran 40L sudah cukup untuk membawa peralatan serta logistik yang diperlukan, tetapi sekiranya kita

merancang untuk mendaki Gunung Kinabalu dengan tempoh pendakian melebihi dua hari satu malam, beg yang bersesuaian adalah dengan ukuran 70L. Sekiranya anda seorang yang betul-betul mempunyai minat dengan aktiviti ini, jangan kedekut untuk berbelanja sedikit membeli beg yang berjenama kerana mampu memberi keselesaan kepada diri kita sendiri sepanjang tempoh pendakian. Sebaiknya kita mengenal konsep Ultralight Hiking sebelum melakukan pendakian kerana konsep tersebut akan sangat membantu kita untuk membawa barang-barang seringan mungkin tanpa mengurangkan fungsi barang-barang tersebut terhadap aktiviti pendakian kita.

Keperluan Asas

Rain cover sangat diperlukan kerana mampu melindungi beg kita sekiranya hujan. Beg yang dibasahi hujan akan mengganggu perjalanan pendakian kerana akan mengambil masa untuk kering dan akan menyebabkan beg menjadi berat dan berbau. Rain cover juga boleh melindungi beg daripada kekotoran debu semasa pendakian. Pengalaman saya semasa mendaki di Gunung Rinjani menjadi satu pengajaran kerana tidak seorang pun daripada kami yang membawa “rain cover” kerana tidak tahu bahawa perjalanan ke Gunung Rinjani ini penuh dengan debu yang terhasil daripada lahar gunung berapi.

Kasut hiking yang baik mampu melindungi kaki kita daripada trek pergunungan yang ekstrem. Ada juga dalam kalangan pendaki tegar yang hanya menggunakan sandal sahaja semasa menjalani aktiviti ini, namun tidak digalakkan kerana lebih selamat sekiranya menggunakan kasut yang hiking yang menutup keseluruhan kaki. Lebih baik lagi sekiranya menggunakan kasut yang menutup pergelangan kaki kerana mampu menjaga pergelangan kaki daripada tercedera. Sebagai pendaki, perbelanjaan untuk kasut perlu diambil kira. Amat berbaloi untuk berbelanja lebih membeli kasut yang dapat memberi keselesaan kepada diri sendiri. Pastikan juga membawa sarung kaki yang mencukupi bagi mengelakkan kaki melecet.

Sleeping bag merupakan salah satu peralatan yang penting kepada seseorang pendaki yang perlu bermalam. Pada tahun 2016, ketika pertama kali berpeluang mendaki di luar negara dan terpaksa bermalam di kawasan pergunungan yang sejuk serta hamper-hampir mendapat hypothermia barulah saya faham betapa pentingnya sleeping bag, kepada seorang pendaki. Walaupun mendaki di negara yang beriklim khatulistiwa seperti Malaysia,

sleeping bag perlu di bawa kerana cuaca pada malam hari di tempat tinggi tetap akan menjadi dingin. Ada yang berani mengambil risiko bermalam di pergunungan dengan hanya berbekalkan baju sejuk biasa sahaja. Ini amat membahayakan diri pendaki kerana risiko untuk terdedah kepada hypothermia amat tinggi. Apabila berlaku sesuatu musibah semasa di

pergunungan, kos untuk membawa turun pendaki bagi menerima bantuan perubatan adalah tinggi. Pendaki digalakkan untuk memilih sleeping bag jenis sarung. Ada beberapa jenis sleeping bag di pasaran seperti bentuk Mummy, Tapered dan Rectangle. Anda boleh memilih mana-mana sleeping bag yang bersesuaian bergantung kepada bentuk badan masing-masing. Paling penting dapatkan sleeping bag yang mempunyai penutup kepala.

Khemah kebiasaannya tidak dibawa secara individu kerana kalau menggunakan perkhidmatan jurupandu gunung, mereka yang akan bawa bagi pihak kita. Akan tetapi sekiranya kita mendaki secara sendiri tanpa jurupandu peralatan perkhemahan perlu dibawa bersama-sama mengikut jumlah ahli dalam kumpulan tersebut. “Berat sama dipikul, ringan sama dijinjing”. Kalau boleh carilah rakan-rakan dalam kumpulan yang boleh sama-sama bersusah payah semasa melaksanakan aktiviti ini kerana kita tidak dapat menjangka kebarangkalian yang akan berlaku pada masa tersebut.

Sleeping Mat diperlukan sebagai alas tidur dalam khemah. Penggunaan aluminium foil juga terbukti efektif untuk menjana haba bagi memanaskan tubuh kita. Aluminum Foil Thermal Mat disyorkan kerana selain berfungsi untuk memanaskan badan, ia juga ringan dan senang dibawa.

Baju Hujan perlu dibawa bersama untuk melindungi diri daripada hujan sepanjang pendakian. Kebiasaannya pendaki akan membawa baju

hujan yang nipis dan ringan bagi mengelakkan bag menjadi berat. Sekiranya kita mendaki pada musim panas dan yakin bahawa tidak akan berlaku hujan dalam tempoh berkenaan, kita boleh mengelak daripada membawa baju hujan. Walau bagaimanapun, pendaki-pendaki tegar biasanya akan memakai Wind Breaker untuk mengelakkan daripada basah kuyup apabila hujan turun semasa mendaki lagi serta untuk menghadapi cuaca dipuncak gunung. Elakkan memakai jaket ketika mendaki kerana akan menyebabkan peluh yang berlebihan serta mengakibatkan dehidrasi.

Tongkat Hiking Pole sangat membantu ketika mendaki dan menuruni cerun, selain dapat mengurangkan tekanan pada lutut. Sebenarnya dalam pendakian tidak perlu malu untuk menggunakan peralatan ini kerana sangat membantu agar kita tidak menggunakan kekuatan kaki sahaja semata-mata semasa mendaki. Hiking Pole sebenarnya akan menjadi kaki ketiga atau keempat kepada pendaki.

Lampu suluh head lamp dengan bateri yang cukup adalah wajib, walaupun pendakian hanya untuk sehari sahaja kerana dalam pendakian kita tidak boleh menjangka apa yang bakal berlaku di dalam hutan. Lebih mudah menggunakan Head Lamp berbanding lampu suluh biasa kerana tidak perlu dipegang dan hanya perlu dililit pada topi atau kepala sahaja. Pisau lipat perlu dibawa untuk kegunaan am dan kecemasan tetapi ingat jangan sekali-kali mencederakan �ora dan fauna di kawasan pendakian. Sama-samalah kita memikul tanggungjawab untuk menjaga dan memelihara alam ciptaan

Allah ini. Lebih elok sekiranya membawa pisau lipat serbaguna yang boleh digunakan untuk membuka botol atau tin makanan dan ada antara pisau lipat serbaguna ini mempunyai gergaji mini yang sangat berguna ketika berada di dalam hutan.

Ubat-ubatan dan alat pertolongan cemas peribadi seperti plaster, ubat penahan sakit, minyak angin atau minyak urut selain ubat peribadi anda seperti untuk ashma, pening dan alahan jangan lupa dibawa bersama. Kebiasaannya penganjur akan hanya membawa peralatan kecemasan yang am sahaja. Sediakan juga knee guard atau ankle guard kerana lutut akan mula terasa sakit apabila menuruni bukit atau gunung.

Bekas air minum: Membawa bekas air dari rumah akan mengurangkan potensi membuang bekas air itu di

bukit atau gunung. Jika anda membawa botol air mineral atau isotonik, bawalah balik bekas air itu, elakkan daripada membakar bahan plastik tersebut. Pastikan anda membawa air minum secukupnya dan bawalah bersama-sama sekurang-kurangnya 500ml air isotonik selain daripada air mineral biasa. Makanan mendaki atau on track food seperti kismis, kurma, coklat, gula-gula atau granola perlu di simpan di tempat yang mudah diambil pada beg hiking, agar senang untuk diambil pada bila-bila masa kita terasa lapar semasa dalam perjalanan. Makanan berat seperti mi segera, nasi/beras, lauk-lauk dan lain-lain yang kita akan makan semasa di kawasan perkemahan boleh disimpan dengan selamat di dalam beg hiking.

Jika pendakian pendek dan tidak lama anda tidak perlu membawa makanan berat. Kita boleh memilih sama ada untuk memasak atau hanya membawa makanan segera seperti roti atau nasi segera yang dijual di pasar raya.

1. Plastik sampah untuk membawa keluar semua sampah peribadi. Jika membawa plastik sampah besar, ia juga boleh digunakan sebagai baju hujan.

2. Topi dan bu� melindungi kepala daripada sengatan serangga, hujan dan panas manakala bu� membantu menutupi sebahagian muka ketika melalui kawasan yang berdebu.

3.Telefon bimbit penting jika perlu membuat panggilan kecemasan. 4. Wisel

5. Api – Lighter atau mancis perlu di simpan di dalam plastik bagi mengelakkan daripada basah jika terkena hujan. 6. GPS: jika ada.

7. Kamera untuk merakamkan detik-detik manis semasa pendakian tetapi pada masa ini kebanyakannya akan menggunakan telefon bimbit masing-masing. 8. Tisu gulung/tisu basah untuk urusan kebersihan diri sendiri.

Apa yang saya kongsikan ini hanyalah sebahagian dari catatan sebagai seorang yang mempunyai sedikit pengalaman dalam aktiviti mendaki. Mungkin setiap orang berbeza keperluan untuk dibawa. Faktor cuaca di lokasi pendakian juga perlu diambil kira dalam menyediakan keperluan seseorang pendaki. Berpeluang merasai pengalaman mendaki di lokasi yang bercuaca sejuk seperti di Gunung Fusuburi, Gunung Norikura dan sebahagian Gunung Karongge di Jepun serta pendakian dalam cuaca panas di Gunung Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia membuatkan saya menyedari bahawa bukan sahaja faktor �zikal yang perlu dititik beratkan tetapi ilmu pengetahuan tentang lokasi pendakian juga merupakan salah satu faktor penting.

20




























21




























Keperluan Pelbagai:

GUNUNG RINJANI JULAI 2017NAGANO JAPAN OKTOBER 2016

Rosilah binti PutehUnit Pengukuhan Pasukan

22

RHETORICAL APPEAL: LOGOS, ETHOS & PATHOS

Imagine yourself being assigned to give a speech regarding any topics to a number of audience. How would you present yourself? What would make the audience listen to what you want to say? Will they achieve the outcome that you aim for at the end of the talk? At this moment, the term Rhetorical Appeals should cross your mind. Before we dive in into what is Rhetorical Appeal, we will �rst comprehend the word ‘rhetoric’. According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘rhetoric’ is de�ned as the art of e�ective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of �gures of speech and other compositional techniques. Another de�nition that is worth knowing is by Merriam-Webster, which ‘rhetoric’ is the art of speaking or writing e�ectively. Focus on the usage of the word ‘art’ in the de�nition. This is because, when applying rhetoric in your writings and speech, you are playing with linguistic and communication techniques, non-verbal included. An in-depth explanation regarding that will be provided in the latter paragraphs.

In persuasive speech, your main goal is to persuade your audience to change their minds or agree to your stand. However, it is not easy to change people’s mind. It takes more than just standing in a crowd and shouting your points out. A Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle coined a term called Modes of Persuasion or Rhetorical Appeals. Under this term, there are three components called Logos, Ethos and Pathos. Each term has it own meaning and e�ects in speech and writings but all lead to one goal that is to achieve an e�ective way to communicate with readers and listeners through speech or writings. Although rhetorical appeals is applicable for writing, this article will be focusing on getting speakers equipped with Logos, Ethos and Pathos in their speech.

The �rst component from Rhetorical Appeals is Ethos. Ethos is de�ned as the speaker’s credibility in the eyes of the audience. Credibility will only be present if the audiences believe in what the speaker says (Wood, 2007). The way the speaker presents his/herself to the audiences a�ects the level of credibility the audience perceive of the speaker. There are three types of credibility, which are Initial, Derived and Terminal Credibility (Wood, 2007). Initial Credibility is based on the speaker’s title, experiences and achievements known to the audiences before the speech is given. For example, Steve Jobs is generally known as someone who is very good at giving presentations. Therefore, the

credibility the audience hold of him is high which leads to people listening attentively to what he tries to convey. Meanwhile Derived Credibility is gained mid of the speech. This is due to the speaker’s ability to attract the audience’s attention through the well-organized speech and the evidence provided to back the speaker’s claim. The third credibility is Terminal Credibility, which is pretty much the combination between Initial and Derived Credibility. Other than credibility, Ethos is also presented by how the speaker dresses, his/her con�dence and expertise. It is advisable to show up in an out�t that �ts the mood of your speech. If the mood of the speech is professional, put on some formal attire like suits or coats. If the setting is casual, put on an out�t that is not formal, maybe a blouse or a shirt. While the out�t visually helps your audience to value your credibility, showing to your audience that you are con�dent is also important. To display that con�dence, the speaker should demonstrate a good body posture and great usage of voice’s intonation and volume. Therefore, it is important to have Ethos in one’s self as a speaker in order to draw the attention from the audience.

In the previous paragraph, it is mentioned that credibility is gained through evidences that back the speaker’s claims or points. This is when Logos, which is de�ned as Logic, which includes facts and evidences, is needed. Giving out a statement without evidence or proofs may cause a speaker to lose his/her credibility. To keep it, Wood stated that there are �ve types of evidences and their uses (2007). First, using Examples by providing solid descriptions of a situation, person or issues. The examples given can be either short, detailed, hypothetical or anecdotal. Examples are used to attract listeners by making the speech or presentation much more interesting and to add personalize e�ect. For instance, a speaker who is giving a speech regarding integrity can use his or her daily personal experience as an employee to give examples. Secondly, speakers can use Analogies by comparing two di�erent ideas or parties. There are four types of analogies, which are literal analogy, �gurative analogy, metaphor and simile. Analogies are used in speeches to gain interest of the audiences and to show connections between two subjects. For example, using the phrase like ‘Time is a thief’ would sound more interesting and linguistically amazing instead of plainly saying ‘Time passed quickly’. Next, speakers can also use Statistics to summarize information that is in the form of quantitative. Among

the types of statistics that can be used are percentages, ratios, demographic data, trends and correlations. Statistics are used in speeches to support your claim by backing it up with research proven trends or patterns and also relationship between two variables. For example, when giving a speech regarding organization’s human resource management and productivity, the speaker may want to provide a statistic that shows the relationship between the two variables to convince the audience. The fourth type is Quotations that is by restating or paraphrasing the words of others and by giving the appropriate credits to the author. There are three ways to use quotations; short quotation, extended quotation and paraphrase. By using this method, the speaker can build their credibility and at the same time support the speaker’s claim. For example, to motivate your audiences to not give up in whatever they are doing, the speaker may want to include a quote by Winston Churchill, ‘success is not �nal, failure is not fatal; It is the courage to continue that counts’. The �nal type of evidence is Visual Aids. Speakers can provide the audience with a PowerPoint presentation, a simple graph, some images to help the audience see what you want them to see. It can be used to add variety and interest and to help the audience understand the speaker’s view. For instance, if the speaker is presenting about a work procedure to apply for a leave, it is best for the speaker to provide a PowerPoint presentation with a �owchart on it so that the audience can see the �ow of the process and better understand the speaker’s points. Therefore, it is clearly very important for us to have Logos to make people believe in what we say.

A great speaker shall never forget the last component of Rhetorical Appeals and that is Pathos. Pathos is an emotional appeal in which the speaker makes the audience feel what they want them to feel. One of the ways to have pathos in your speech is to include emotional stories and concrete example (Beebe & Beebe, 2012). Bear in mind that a speaker may use such method only if it is appropriate to the topic that is being discussed at that moment. Other than using a story, speakers can also use their voice to show emotions. The way we utilize our voice, the way we speak, can also a�ect our audiences. According to Ja�e (2007), Aristotle had laid out three vocal components, which are volume, pitch and rate. These components are important in order to keep your audience’s attention with you. Imagine having a speaker whose tone is monotonous. Nobody would pay attention to the speaker, let alone listen to what he has to say. Audience enjoy vocal variations as it keeps them alert to important parts stressed out by the speaker. In a work by Ja�e (2007),

there are four characteristics that are perceived by the audience through the speaker’s voice. First, loud and fast speakers are associated with self-su�cient, resourceful and dynamic people. Secondly, loud and slow speakers an associated with traits such as aggressive, competitive and con�dent. Next, soft and fast speakers are perceived as people who an enthusiastic, adventuresome, con�dent and composed. Finally, soft and slow speakers are perceived as individuals with competitive, enthusiastic and benevolent trait. From the study, it is clear that the way we project our voice has an impact on our audience, which will lead to them either listening to us, or not. Therefore, it is vital for a speaker to have pathos in him/her to show him/her emotion, thus convincing him/her audience to feel the same.

In order to recap what is discussed, imagine that you are assigned to give a talk or speech regarding courage. You will need to use the �rst out of three Rhetorical Appeals, which is Logos. You need evidence to support your claims, your ideas. Such support will lead to the audience being able to logically think about the idea and probably accept the idea. You can gather evidence and use them in your speech through analogies, statistic, quotations, visual aids and real examples. After using Logos, you need Pathos to make sure your points, your ideas reach your audience. You will do this by using your voice or vocal components to exert or to demonstrate a certain emotion that you want your audience to feel to convince them to agree to your stand. For example, when talking about courage, use strong, con�dent voices and raise your voice at certain points to stress the importance. Now that Pathos and Logos are achieved, you as a speaker need to evaluate your Ethos. Whether you are the Initial, Derived or Terminal Credibility. If you have titles and are well known, you are categorized in the Initial Credibility. If you want to gain credibility from your audience, you are sorted into the Derived Credibility category. However, if you have both, you belong to the Terminal Credibility Category. Once you as a speaker manage to fully utilize Logos, Pathos and Ethos, together with practicing your speeches and know your own contents well, you will be able to convince your audience and build your own credibility.

Penulis merupakan pelajar Kajian Komunikasi dari UNIMAS yang mejalani latihan praktikum di INTAN Wilayah Utara.

ReferencesBeebe, S., & Beebe, S. Public Speaking: An Audience Centered Approach (8th ed.). Pearson Education.Ja�e, C. (2007). Public speaking concepts & skills for diverse society (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth Pub.Wood, J. (2007). Communication Mosaics (5th ed.). Wadsworth Pub.

LIANA ROSEMAHIRAN YAAKOP

23

Imagine yourself being assigned to give a speech regarding any topics to a number of audience. How would you present yourself? What would make the audience listen to what you want to say? Will they achieve the outcome that you aim for at the end of the talk? At this moment, the term Rhetorical Appeals should cross your mind. Before we dive in into what is Rhetorical Appeal, we will �rst comprehend the word ‘rhetoric’. According to Oxford Dictionary, ‘rhetoric’ is de�ned as the art of e�ective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of �gures of speech and other compositional techniques. Another de�nition that is worth knowing is by Merriam-Webster, which ‘rhetoric’ is the art of speaking or writing e�ectively. Focus on the usage of the word ‘art’ in the de�nition. This is because, when applying rhetoric in your writings and speech, you are playing with linguistic and communication techniques, non-verbal included. An in-depth explanation regarding that will be provided in the latter paragraphs.

In persuasive speech, your main goal is to persuade your audience to change their minds or agree to your stand. However, it is not easy to change people’s mind. It takes more than just standing in a crowd and shouting your points out. A Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle coined a term called Modes of Persuasion or Rhetorical Appeals. Under this term, there are three components called Logos, Ethos and Pathos. Each term has it own meaning and e�ects in speech and writings but all lead to one goal that is to achieve an e�ective way to communicate with readers and listeners through speech or writings. Although rhetorical appeals is applicable for writing, this article will be focusing on getting speakers equipped with Logos, Ethos and Pathos in their speech.

The �rst component from Rhetorical Appeals is Ethos. Ethos is de�ned as the speaker’s credibility in the eyes of the audience. Credibility will only be present if the audiences believe in what the speaker says (Wood, 2007). The way the speaker presents his/herself to the audiences a�ects the level of credibility the audience perceive of the speaker. There are three types of credibility, which are Initial, Derived and Terminal Credibility (Wood, 2007). Initial Credibility is based on the speaker’s title, experiences and achievements known to the audiences before the speech is given. For example, Steve Jobs is generally known as someone who is very good at giving presentations. Therefore, the

credibility the audience hold of him is high which leads to people listening attentively to what he tries to convey. Meanwhile Derived Credibility is gained mid of the speech. This is due to the speaker’s ability to attract the audience’s attention through the well-organized speech and the evidence provided to back the speaker’s claim. The third credibility is Terminal Credibility, which is pretty much the combination between Initial and Derived Credibility. Other than credibility, Ethos is also presented by how the speaker dresses, his/her con�dence and expertise. It is advisable to show up in an out�t that �ts the mood of your speech. If the mood of the speech is professional, put on some formal attire like suits or coats. If the setting is casual, put on an out�t that is not formal, maybe a blouse or a shirt. While the out�t visually helps your audience to value your credibility, showing to your audience that you are con�dent is also important. To display that con�dence, the speaker should demonstrate a good body posture and great usage of voice’s intonation and volume. Therefore, it is important to have Ethos in one’s self as a speaker in order to draw the attention from the audience.

In the previous paragraph, it is mentioned that credibility is gained through evidences that back the speaker’s claims or points. This is when Logos, which is de�ned as Logic, which includes facts and evidences, is needed. Giving out a statement without evidence or proofs may cause a speaker to lose his/her credibility. To keep it, Wood stated that there are �ve types of evidences and their uses (2007). First, using Examples by providing solid descriptions of a situation, person or issues. The examples given can be either short, detailed, hypothetical or anecdotal. Examples are used to attract listeners by making the speech or presentation much more interesting and to add personalize e�ect. For instance, a speaker who is giving a speech regarding integrity can use his or her daily personal experience as an employee to give examples. Secondly, speakers can use Analogies by comparing two di�erent ideas or parties. There are four types of analogies, which are literal analogy, �gurative analogy, metaphor and simile. Analogies are used in speeches to gain interest of the audiences and to show connections between two subjects. For example, using the phrase like ‘Time is a thief’ would sound more interesting and linguistically amazing instead of plainly saying ‘Time passed quickly’. Next, speakers can also use Statistics to summarize information that is in the form of quantitative. Among

the types of statistics that can be used are percentages, ratios, demographic data, trends and correlations. Statistics are used in speeches to support your claim by backing it up with research proven trends or patterns and also relationship between two variables. For example, when giving a speech regarding organization’s human resource management and productivity, the speaker may want to provide a statistic that shows the relationship between the two variables to convince the audience. The fourth type is Quotations that is by restating or paraphrasing the words of others and by giving the appropriate credits to the author. There are three ways to use quotations; short quotation, extended quotation and paraphrase. By using this method, the speaker can build their credibility and at the same time support the speaker’s claim. For example, to motivate your audiences to not give up in whatever they are doing, the speaker may want to include a quote by Winston Churchill, ‘success is not �nal, failure is not fatal; It is the courage to continue that counts’. The �nal type of evidence is Visual Aids. Speakers can provide the audience with a PowerPoint presentation, a simple graph, some images to help the audience see what you want them to see. It can be used to add variety and interest and to help the audience understand the speaker’s view. For instance, if the speaker is presenting about a work procedure to apply for a leave, it is best for the speaker to provide a PowerPoint presentation with a �owchart on it so that the audience can see the �ow of the process and better understand the speaker’s points. Therefore, it is clearly very important for us to have Logos to make people believe in what we say.

A great speaker shall never forget the last component of Rhetorical Appeals and that is Pathos. Pathos is an emotional appeal in which the speaker makes the audience feel what they want them to feel. One of the ways to have pathos in your speech is to include emotional stories and concrete example (Beebe & Beebe, 2012). Bear in mind that a speaker may use such method only if it is appropriate to the topic that is being discussed at that moment. Other than using a story, speakers can also use their voice to show emotions. The way we utilize our voice, the way we speak, can also a�ect our audiences. According to Ja�e (2007), Aristotle had laid out three vocal components, which are volume, pitch and rate. These components are important in order to keep your audience’s attention with you. Imagine having a speaker whose tone is monotonous. Nobody would pay attention to the speaker, let alone listen to what he has to say. Audience enjoy vocal variations as it keeps them alert to important parts stressed out by the speaker. In a work by Ja�e (2007),

there are four characteristics that are perceived by the audience through the speaker’s voice. First, loud and fast speakers are associated with self-su�cient, resourceful and dynamic people. Secondly, loud and slow speakers an associated with traits such as aggressive, competitive and con�dent. Next, soft and fast speakers are perceived as people who an enthusiastic, adventuresome, con�dent and composed. Finally, soft and slow speakers are perceived as individuals with competitive, enthusiastic and benevolent trait. From the study, it is clear that the way we project our voice has an impact on our audience, which will lead to them either listening to us, or not. Therefore, it is vital for a speaker to have pathos in him/her to show him/her emotion, thus convincing him/her audience to feel the same.

In order to recap what is discussed, imagine that you are assigned to give a talk or speech regarding courage. You will need to use the �rst out of three Rhetorical Appeals, which is Logos. You need evidence to support your claims, your ideas. Such support will lead to the audience being able to logically think about the idea and probably accept the idea. You can gather evidence and use them in your speech through analogies, statistic, quotations, visual aids and real examples. After using Logos, you need Pathos to make sure your points, your ideas reach your audience. You will do this by using your voice or vocal components to exert or to demonstrate a certain emotion that you want your audience to feel to convince them to agree to your stand. For example, when talking about courage, use strong, con�dent voices and raise your voice at certain points to stress the importance. Now that Pathos and Logos are achieved, you as a speaker need to evaluate your Ethos. Whether you are the Initial, Derived or Terminal Credibility. If you have titles and are well known, you are categorized in the Initial Credibility. If you want to gain credibility from your audience, you are sorted into the Derived Credibility category. However, if you have both, you belong to the Terminal Credibility Category. Once you as a speaker manage to fully utilize Logos, Pathos and Ethos, together with practicing your speeches and know your own contents well, you will be able to convince your audience and build your own credibility.

Penulis merupakan pelajar Kajian Komunikasi dari UNIMAS yang mejalani latihan praktikum di INTAN Wilayah Utara.

ReferencesBeebe, S., & Beebe, S. Public Speaking: An Audience Centered Approach (8th ed.). Pearson Education.Ja�e, C. (2007). Public speaking concepts & skills for diverse society (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth Pub.Wood, J. (2007). Communication Mosaics (5th ed.). Wadsworth Pub.

24

GETTING TO KNOW INTEGRITYImagine a situation where a colleague asks you to go against the organization’s rules, policies and procedures. Would you do it? How about the times when you have the options either to disrespect co-workers, let a con�ict slides or still respect the other party. Which one will you choose? Or maybe deviating yourself from work on working hours, instead of working and using the organization’s resources for something personal? If you choose to abide to the organization’s rules, policies and procedures, respect other co-workers and focus on organization related tasks instead of personal ones during work hours, there is a good news for you. Congratulations, you’re a person, an employee with integrity. Integrity, a word that is highly associated with employees in numerous organizations. Other than employees, the word integrity is also associated with leadership attributes and is one of the top attributes (Williams, n.d.) but what exactly is integrity? According to Oxford Dictionary, the word Integrity is de�ned into two de�nitions. The �rst de�nition is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles whilst the second one is the state of being whole and undivided. However, in the context of this article, we will be focusing on the �rst de�nition to further grasp the understanding of the word ‘integrity’ according to several works.

To help us comprehend what integrity is all about, Tucker (2017) had listed several forms of actions that will help enlighten us on what having integrity is all about. The �rst example given by Tucker is to work diligently during o�ce hours. To work diligently means that an employee does not slack o� his or her work by deviating his or her attention to social media, frequent snacking and socializing. An employed worker bears the responsibility to help the organization to achieve an optimum productivity. Employees in any organization is the backbone of the company (Martin, 2005). Without the employees, the organization will surely not be able to move towards the goal, vision and mission they are aiming at. There is nothing wrong with taking a break from doing work, however, it is advised for an employee not to deviate and spend too much time on it instead of working and achieving an optimum productivity level. One may ask how is it that by doing this is considered as integrity? This is because, when you refer to the de�nition given in the previous paragraph, integrity is about quality of being honest. If an employee decides that it is acceptable for him or her to work on his/her own personal matter during o�ce hour, he or she is not

being honest to the company. Therefore, it is important for us employees, to be honest, to have integrity in our career, to help boost the organization’s productivity and achieve the goals set by the upper ranks in the organization.

Secondly, respect co-workers and build trust. According to Models of Organizational Socialization, there are 3 phases of socialization. Anticipatory Socialization, Encounter and Metamorphosis. Out of these three phases, our focus will be on the third stage that is metamorphosis. Metamorphosis is de�ned as an employee experiencing changes in the organization in the sense of where do they stand among the other colleagues. In a simpler word, the transition of a new employee from being an outsider to being an insider. It is noticeable that whenever a new person enters an organization, he or she will try to blend in, learn the ropes of the organization and want to be included. This is supported by Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory, the third level of the hierarchy which is Social Needs. Social needs are needs that are ful�lled by feeling loved, or in this article’s context, being accepted or included among the employees in the organizations. Some companies take their own initiative to ensure their workers new or old feel included by organizing social events, for example, annual dinners (Kaur, 2013). Integrity is shown when an employee manages to build trust and relationship with other colleagues and eventually works together to achieve the organization’s goal. In an organization, all employees must have the same goals and aims to achieve the target set by the company. To achieve that, the employees must work together and to work together, the colleagues must have trust and faith in each other. Therefore, it is clear that Integrity is not only important but is also a need in an employee’s life.

Unsworth (2018), on the other hand, noted several other methods for a person to show her/his integrity. The third method by Unsworth is to be true to your word or in a simpler form, to keep a sincere promise. An Irish poet, journalist, author and activist, John Boyle O’Reilly once mentioned ‘be true to your work, your word and your friends. When talking about integrity, in the previous paragraph, we come across the word ‘trust’. A trust is born when promises are kept. However, when promises are broken, it is clear that people will lose trust in us. When dealing with people either inside or outside of the organization, you are carrying the name of the organization and your own name. In order to build trust

and reputation with other people or parties, one must �rst exhibit integrity in him/her by saying the truth. When you cannot do something that it asked by the other party, say no. If you fail to do as asked after several attempts, instead of giving empty promises, it is advisable to renegotiate. When you promise to do what is asked, despite knowing that there is a chance that you might fail, it shows that your integrity is low. Breaking the promise, the deal that is made with another party also shows that you as an employee of one particular organization, do not value the other party (Gielan, 2010). For example, try to negotiate for a new submission date if you feel like you cannot make it on that day, with reasonable reasons, of course. Although renegotiating for a better solution is an option, trying your best to keep a deal, a promise should be the priority. From there, not only your integrity will increase, but so does your credibility.

Fourth, one has to be honest. Although it seems similar to the third method, being honest here means to be totally transparent about your thoughts and feelings. One of the Founding Fathers of United States, Benjamin Franklin said that ‘honesty is the best policy’. Never sugarcoat your words. At times, such attitude may be acceptable but other times, especially in matters regarding the organization, it may lead to a negative e�ect. For example, giving your opinions during a meeting. Of course, one must not throw her/his words blindly. State your opinions and ideas with a relevant elaboration and evidence to support your ideas. According to Lickerman, one of the bene�ts of being an honest individual in an organization is that one can develop a reputation for being a resourceful employee but also completely honest and transparent (2014). Such reputation sends a signal to other employees and the employers that particular individual is someone who can be trusted. When a person is trusted, he or she will become an important asset to the company. If one is still in doubt about being honest, think of it this way. When we want to hear comments regarding our work so that we can improve ourselves, do we prefer the untrue version that would put us in comfort or do we prefer the truth so that we can �x our �aws? You decide.

Fifth, be cautious with the words you say. There is a saying that goes ‘words are mightier than swords’. Especially in the environment with lots of people with di�erent personalities and attitudes, it is vital for us to mind our words whenever we speak with them. It is a known fact that whatever we say to other people has an impact. Whether it is good or bad, it depends on how the person interprets. The problem is that some people tend to take what other people say negatively. We never know when will someone twist our words, or even misinterpret them. This is called miscommunication, and it happens in our daily life whether in organizational setting or even in our personal day-to-day communication. According to Ilter (2017), miscommunication is conceptualized as an external threat to the communication model and it takes place as a ‘noise’ in the model. This noise refers to any intrusion be it of language barrier, cultural di�erence and jargons. Referring to the example, there is a possibility where people will twist or misunderstand our words and such miscommunication will lead to negative impact on us. It may lead to having a negative image in the organization and to people not trusting us. Therefore, from there, our credibility and integrity will collapse. It is very important for us to mind our words, whether to ourselves, to other colleagues or to another organization.

To summarize, we know that integrity can be de�ned as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. In this article, there are �ve methods that one can practice in their career to nurture integrity in them. The �rst method is to work diligently during the working hours. Secondly, one has to respect co-workers and build trust with other colleagues. On the third method, the readers are advised to be true to their words as it re�ects on their honesty and integrity. Next, it is advised that employees keep the transparent attitude and be honest and truthful to what they are feeling especially in matters regarding the company. Lastly, to nurture integrity in employees, it is advised that employees be cautious of what they say. Hence it is clear that an employee needs to have integrity in his/her life. Having integrity does not only bene�t a person as an employee, but also as an individual, as it helps a person to be better.

NURKHALIJAH MOHAMAD POAT

ReferencesDunn, C. (2009). Integrity Matters. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(1).Gielan, M. (2010). Why Keeping Your Promise is Good for You? Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/lights-camera-happi-ness/201005/why-keeping-your-promise-is-good-youİlter, T. (2017). Miscommunication: The Other of Communication or the Otherness of Communication. International Journal of Communication, 11, 259-277.James, R. (2007). The Integrity Chain: The Link to Pro�tability in Construction (2nd ed.). FMI Corporation.Kaur, A. (2013). Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3, pp.1061 – 1064.Lickerman, A. (2014). Why Be Honest?. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-in-world/201402/why-be-honestMartin, R. (2005). The Power of Happiness. Retrieved from https://rogerlmartin.com/docs/default-source/Articles/incen-tives-governance/rotman_spring_05_power_happinessTucker, K. (2017). Examples of Integrity in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://careertrend.com/examples-integrity-workplace-1730.htmlWilliams, T. (n.d.).Why Integrity Remains One of the Top Leadership Attributes. Retrieved from https://execed.economist.com/blog/industry-trends/why-integri-ty-remains-one-top-leadership-attributes

25

Imagine a situation where a colleague asks you to go against the organization’s rules, policies and procedures. Would you do it? How about the times when you have the options either to disrespect co-workers, let a con�ict slides or still respect the other party. Which one will you choose? Or maybe deviating yourself from work on working hours, instead of working and using the organization’s resources for something personal? If you choose to abide to the organization’s rules, policies and procedures, respect other co-workers and focus on organization related tasks instead of personal ones during work hours, there is a good news for you. Congratulations, you’re a person, an employee with integrity. Integrity, a word that is highly associated with employees in numerous organizations. Other than employees, the word integrity is also associated with leadership attributes and is one of the top attributes (Williams, n.d.) but what exactly is integrity? According to Oxford Dictionary, the word Integrity is de�ned into two de�nitions. The �rst de�nition is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles whilst the second one is the state of being whole and undivided. However, in the context of this article, we will be focusing on the �rst de�nition to further grasp the understanding of the word ‘integrity’ according to several works.

To help us comprehend what integrity is all about, Tucker (2017) had listed several forms of actions that will help enlighten us on what having integrity is all about. The �rst example given by Tucker is to work diligently during o�ce hours. To work diligently means that an employee does not slack o� his or her work by deviating his or her attention to social media, frequent snacking and socializing. An employed worker bears the responsibility to help the organization to achieve an optimum productivity. Employees in any organization is the backbone of the company (Martin, 2005). Without the employees, the organization will surely not be able to move towards the goal, vision and mission they are aiming at. There is nothing wrong with taking a break from doing work, however, it is advised for an employee not to deviate and spend too much time on it instead of working and achieving an optimum productivity level. One may ask how is it that by doing this is considered as integrity? This is because, when you refer to the de�nition given in the previous paragraph, integrity is about quality of being honest. If an employee decides that it is acceptable for him or her to work on his/her own personal matter during o�ce hour, he or she is not

being honest to the company. Therefore, it is important for us employees, to be honest, to have integrity in our career, to help boost the organization’s productivity and achieve the goals set by the upper ranks in the organization.

Secondly, respect co-workers and build trust. According to Models of Organizational Socialization, there are 3 phases of socialization. Anticipatory Socialization, Encounter and Metamorphosis. Out of these three phases, our focus will be on the third stage that is metamorphosis. Metamorphosis is de�ned as an employee experiencing changes in the organization in the sense of where do they stand among the other colleagues. In a simpler word, the transition of a new employee from being an outsider to being an insider. It is noticeable that whenever a new person enters an organization, he or she will try to blend in, learn the ropes of the organization and want to be included. This is supported by Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory, the third level of the hierarchy which is Social Needs. Social needs are needs that are ful�lled by feeling loved, or in this article’s context, being accepted or included among the employees in the organizations. Some companies take their own initiative to ensure their workers new or old feel included by organizing social events, for example, annual dinners (Kaur, 2013). Integrity is shown when an employee manages to build trust and relationship with other colleagues and eventually works together to achieve the organization’s goal. In an organization, all employees must have the same goals and aims to achieve the target set by the company. To achieve that, the employees must work together and to work together, the colleagues must have trust and faith in each other. Therefore, it is clear that Integrity is not only important but is also a need in an employee’s life.

Unsworth (2018), on the other hand, noted several other methods for a person to show her/his integrity. The third method by Unsworth is to be true to your word or in a simpler form, to keep a sincere promise. An Irish poet, journalist, author and activist, John Boyle O’Reilly once mentioned ‘be true to your work, your word and your friends. When talking about integrity, in the previous paragraph, we come across the word ‘trust’. A trust is born when promises are kept. However, when promises are broken, it is clear that people will lose trust in us. When dealing with people either inside or outside of the organization, you are carrying the name of the organization and your own name. In order to build trust

and reputation with other people or parties, one must �rst exhibit integrity in him/her by saying the truth. When you cannot do something that it asked by the other party, say no. If you fail to do as asked after several attempts, instead of giving empty promises, it is advisable to renegotiate. When you promise to do what is asked, despite knowing that there is a chance that you might fail, it shows that your integrity is low. Breaking the promise, the deal that is made with another party also shows that you as an employee of one particular organization, do not value the other party (Gielan, 2010). For example, try to negotiate for a new submission date if you feel like you cannot make it on that day, with reasonable reasons, of course. Although renegotiating for a better solution is an option, trying your best to keep a deal, a promise should be the priority. From there, not only your integrity will increase, but so does your credibility.

Fourth, one has to be honest. Although it seems similar to the third method, being honest here means to be totally transparent about your thoughts and feelings. One of the Founding Fathers of United States, Benjamin Franklin said that ‘honesty is the best policy’. Never sugarcoat your words. At times, such attitude may be acceptable but other times, especially in matters regarding the organization, it may lead to a negative e�ect. For example, giving your opinions during a meeting. Of course, one must not throw her/his words blindly. State your opinions and ideas with a relevant elaboration and evidence to support your ideas. According to Lickerman, one of the bene�ts of being an honest individual in an organization is that one can develop a reputation for being a resourceful employee but also completely honest and transparent (2014). Such reputation sends a signal to other employees and the employers that particular individual is someone who can be trusted. When a person is trusted, he or she will become an important asset to the company. If one is still in doubt about being honest, think of it this way. When we want to hear comments regarding our work so that we can improve ourselves, do we prefer the untrue version that would put us in comfort or do we prefer the truth so that we can �x our �aws? You decide.

Fifth, be cautious with the words you say. There is a saying that goes ‘words are mightier than swords’. Especially in the environment with lots of people with di�erent personalities and attitudes, it is vital for us to mind our words whenever we speak with them. It is a known fact that whatever we say to other people has an impact. Whether it is good or bad, it depends on how the person interprets. The problem is that some people tend to take what other people say negatively. We never know when will someone twist our words, or even misinterpret them. This is called miscommunication, and it happens in our daily life whether in organizational setting or even in our personal day-to-day communication. According to Ilter (2017), miscommunication is conceptualized as an external threat to the communication model and it takes place as a ‘noise’ in the model. This noise refers to any intrusion be it of language barrier, cultural di�erence and jargons. Referring to the example, there is a possibility where people will twist or misunderstand our words and such miscommunication will lead to negative impact on us. It may lead to having a negative image in the organization and to people not trusting us. Therefore, from there, our credibility and integrity will collapse. It is very important for us to mind our words, whether to ourselves, to other colleagues or to another organization.

To summarize, we know that integrity can be de�ned as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. In this article, there are �ve methods that one can practice in their career to nurture integrity in them. The �rst method is to work diligently during the working hours. Secondly, one has to respect co-workers and build trust with other colleagues. On the third method, the readers are advised to be true to their words as it re�ects on their honesty and integrity. Next, it is advised that employees keep the transparent attitude and be honest and truthful to what they are feeling especially in matters regarding the company. Lastly, to nurture integrity in employees, it is advised that employees be cautious of what they say. Hence it is clear that an employee needs to have integrity in his/her life. Having integrity does not only bene�t a person as an employee, but also as an individual, as it helps a person to be better.

ReferencesDunn, C. (2009). Integrity Matters. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(1).Gielan, M. (2010). Why Keeping Your Promise is Good for You? Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/lights-camera-happi-ness/201005/why-keeping-your-promise-is-good-youİlter, T. (2017). Miscommunication: The Other of Communication or the Otherness of Communication. International Journal of Communication, 11, 259-277.James, R. (2007). The Integrity Chain: The Link to Pro�tability in Construction (2nd ed.). FMI Corporation.Kaur, A. (2013). Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3, pp.1061 – 1064.Lickerman, A. (2014). Why Be Honest?. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-in-world/201402/why-be-honestMartin, R. (2005). The Power of Happiness. Retrieved from https://rogerlmartin.com/docs/default-source/Articles/incen-tives-governance/rotman_spring_05_power_happinessTucker, K. (2017). Examples of Integrity in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://careertrend.com/examples-integrity-workplace-1730.htmlWilliams, T. (n.d.).Why Integrity Remains One of the Top Leadership Attributes. Retrieved from https://execed.economist.com/blog/industry-trends/why-integri-ty-remains-one-top-leadership-attributes

isi kandungan sidang redaksi...myportfolio adalah satu kaedah pengurusan ilmu yang memberikan...

Documents