hubungan penggunaan media power point dengan hasil belajar

8/18/2019 Hubungan Penggunaan Media Power Point Dengan Hasil Belajar

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HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA POWER POINT DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA POWER POINT DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS

TERPADU SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2

KECAMATAN BUAY PEMUKA PELIUNG

A. Latar Belaka! Ma"ala#

Pe$%$%ka &e&e!a! 'eraa 'et%! $ala& ke&a()a $a &a"a $e'a *a!"a+ ta'a

'e$%$%ka ,a! *a%k &)"ta#%l ")at) *a!"a aka &a(). Ber#a"%l ata) t%$ak,a ")at)

'e$%$%ka $ala& ")at) e!ara "ala# "at),a a$ala# karea !)r). G)r) &e&'),a% 'eraa

,a! "a!at 'et%! $ala& 'erke&*a!a $a ke&a()a aak $%$%k,a. Dar% "%%la# !)r)

$%t)t)t )t)k $a'at &e(alaka t)!a" $e!a "e*a%k-*a%k,a. D(a&ara# 2//0103

&e!ataka *a#4a )t)k $a'at &e5a'a% t)()a 'e!a(ara ,a! $%#ara'ka+ !)r) #ar)"

'a$a% &e&%l%# &et6$e "erta &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara ,a! te'at $a "e")a% $e!a ke*)t)#a

aak $%$%k+ ")'a,a aak $%$%k &era"a "ea! $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar *erla!")!.

Me$%a 'e&*ela(ara ter)" &e!ala&% 'erke&*a!a "e%r%! $e!a *erke&*a!,a $)%a

%76r&a"% $a tek6l6!%. A#&a$% 2/8/1903 &e!ataka *a#4a tek6l6!% *ar) ter)ta&a

&)lt%&e$%a &e&'),a% 'eraa "e&ak% 'et%! $ala& 'r6"e" 'e&*ela(ara. Ba,ak 6ra!

'er5a,a *a#4a &)lt%&e$%a aka $a'at &e&*a4a ke'a$a "%t)a"% *ela(ar $%&aa lear%! 4%t#

e776rt aka $a'at $%!at%ka $e!a lear%! 4%t# 7). Ja$% 'r6"e" 'e&*ela(ara ,a!

&e,ea!ka+ kreat%7+ t%$ak &e&*6"aka aka &e(a$% '%l%#a te'at *a!% 'ara !)r).

S%"te& 'e&*ela(ara ,a! "ela&a %% $%lak)ka ,a%t) "%"te& 'e&*ela(ara 7a5)lt, tea5#%!ketal $e!a ")a"aa %"tr)k"%6al $a $%ra"a k)ra! "e")a% $e!a $%a&%ka

'erke&*a!a %l&) 'e!eta#)a $a tek6l6!% ,a! $e&%k%a 'e"at. Le*%# $ar% %t)

ke4a(%*a 'e$%$%ka $%t)t)t )t)k &e&a")kka %la%-%la% &6ral+ *)$% 'ekert% l)#)r+

kreat%7%ta"+ ke&a$%r%a $a ke'e&%&'%a+ ,a! "a!at ")l%t $%lak)ka $ala& "%"te&

'e&*ela(ara ,a! k6:e"%6al. M)"t67a 2/881803 &e!ataka "%"te& 'e&*ela(ara

k6:e"%6al k)ra! 7lek"%*el $ala& &e!ak6&6$a"% 'erke&*a!a &ater% k6&'ete"%

karea !)r) #ar)" %te"%7 &e,e")a%ka &ater% 'ela(ara $e!a 'erke&*a!a tek6l6!%ter*ar). Ole# karea %t) k)ra! *%(ak"aa (%ka 'erke&*a!a tek6l6!% (a)# le*%# 5e'at


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$%*a$%! $e!a ke&a&')a !)r) $ala& &e,e")a%ka &ater% k6&'ete"% $e!a

'erke&*a!a ter"e*)t+ "e#%!!a $a'at $%'a"t%ka l)l)"a aka k)ra! &e&%l%k% 'e!)a"aa

'e!eta#)a ata) tek6l6!% ter*ar).

Pa$a ke,ataa,a *a#4a "aat %% I$6e"%a &e&a")k% era %76r&a"% ,a%t) ")at) era ,a!$%ta$a% $e!a &ak% *a,ak,a &e$%)& %76r&a"%+ ter"e*ar,a %76r&a"% ,a! &ak%

&el)a" $a "eket%ka+ "erta %76r&a"% $ala& *er*a!a% *et)k ,a! *er:ar%a"% ter"a(% $ala&

4akt) ,a! 5e'at. Pe,a(%a 'e"a 'a$a era %76r&a"% %% aka "elal) &e!!)aka &e$%a+

*a%k elektr6%k &a)') 6 elektr6%k. Terka%t $e!a ke#a$%ra &e$%a+ D%&,at% 2//012;3

&e(ela"ka *a#4a ")at) &e$%a ,a! ter6r!a%"a"% "e5ara ra'% &e&'e!ar)#% "e5ara

"%"te&at%" le&*a!a-le&*a!a 'e$%$%ka "e'ert% le&*a!a kel)ar!a+ a!a&a+ "ek6la#+ $a

'ra&)ka. Ura%a te"e*)t &e)()kka *a#4a ke#a$%ra &e$%a tela# &e&'e!ar)#% "el)r)#a"'ek ke#%$)'a+ ter&a")k "%"te& 'e$%$%ka+ &e"k%') $ala& $era(at ,a! *er*e$a-*e$a

"e#%!!a &e&'e!ar)#% #a"%l *ela(ar ,a! $%5a'a% 6le# "%"4a.

S)$(aa 2//01223 &e!ataka #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# ke&a&')a-ke&a&')a ,a! $%&%l%k%

"%"4a "etela# &eer%&a 'e!ala&a *ela(ar,a. Ha"%l *ela(ar &er)'aka t)()a ,a!

$%r)&)"ka "e*el)& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar $%lak"aaka. Pa$a )&)&,a #a"%l *ela(ar

&el%')t% 'e!eta#)a+ "%ka' $a ketera&'%la. Ha"%l *ela(ar ,a! aka $%'er6le# "%"4a

"etela# &ee&')# *ela(ar,a ata) 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar.

T#a*r6% 2/881223 &e!ataka #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# '6la-'6la 'er*)ata+ %la%-%la%+

'e!ert%a-'e!ert%a+ "%ka'-"%ka'+ a're"%a"% "erta ketera&'%la. Ha"%l *ela(ar &er)'aka

'e!ala&a ,a! $%'er6le# "%"4a "ela&a *ela(ar "e#%!!a aka &e!#a"%laka %la%-%la%+

'e!ert%a-'e!ert%a+ "%ka'-"%ka'+ a're"%a"% "erta ketera&'%la tertet) "etela#

&e,ele"a%ka *ela(ar,a.

Pr6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar $a #a"%l *ela(ar "al%! *er#)*)!a+ karea $ala& ke!%ata *ela(ar &e!a(ar ter$a'at t)()a ,a! aka $%5a'a%. S%"4a ,a! "e*el),a t%$ak ta#) &e(a$% ta#)

$a $ar% t%$ak &e!ert% &e(a$% &e!ert% "etela# *ela(ar. Ha&al%k 2//019/3 &e!ataka

#a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# *%la "e"e6ra! tela# *ela(ar aka ter(a$% 'er)*a#a t%!ka# lak) 'a$a

6ra! ter"e*)t &%"al,a $ar% t%$ak ta#) &e(a$% ta#) $a $ar% t%$ak &e!ert% &e(a$%

&e!ert%.

Ha"%l *ela(ar "e"e6ra! $%tet)ka 6le# *er*a!a% 7akt6r ,a! &e&'e!ar)#%,a. Sala# "at)

7akt6r $ar% l)ar %$%:%$) ,a! &e&'e!ar)#% #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# ter"e$%a,a &e$%a


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'e&*ela(ara ,a! &e&*er% ke&)$a#a *a!% %$%:%$) )t)k &e&'ela(ar% &ater%

'e&*ela(ara+ "e#%!!a &e!#a"%lka *ela(ar ,a! le*%# *a%k. D(a&ara# 2//3 Me!akt%7ka "%"4a $ala& *ela(ar.

03 Me!e7ekt%7ka 'e&*er%a ra!"a!a )t)k *ela(ar.


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Dala& )'a,a &e&'er*a%k% 'r6"e" 'e&*ela(ara a!ar e7ekt%7 $a 7)!"%6al+ &aka 7)!"%

&e$%a 'e&*ela(ara "a!at 'et%! )t)k $%&a7aatka. Pe&aka%a &e$%a $ala& 'r6"e"

'e&*ela(ara $%&ak")$ka )t)k &e&'ert%!!% $a,a 5era "%"4a ter#a$a' %76r&a"% ata)&ater% 'e&*ela(ara ,a! $%*er%ka.

Pe&a7aata &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara terka%t $e!a 'e&*ela(ara k6&'ete"% &elak"aaka

'r6"e$)r 'e!ela"a+ 'e&atr%a+ 'e&6t6!a $e!a 'aa"+ tela# $%lak"aaka $% "ek6la#-

"ek6la# ,a! tela# &e&%l%k% *e*era'a &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara+ *a%k ,a! $%'er6le# $ar%

'e&er%ta#+ $%*el% "e$%r% 6le# "ek6la#+ &a)') ,a! $%*)at "e$%r% 6le# !)r). De&%k%a

')la ,a! ter(a$% 'a$a SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!.

Sala# "at) *et)k &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara ,a! $%!)aka $% SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka

Pel%)! a$ala# M%5r6"67t O77%5e P64er P6%t. K)&ala 2//1;83 &e!ataka M%5r6"67t

P64er P6%t &er)'aka "ala# "at) a'l%ka"% &%l%k M%5r6"67t $%"a&'%! M%5r6"67t W6r$ $a

M%5r6"67t E?el ,a! tela# $% keal *a,ak 6ra!. Ket%!a a'l%ka"% %% la@%& $%"e*)t M%5r6"67t

O77%5e. Pa$a $a"ar,a+ a'l%ka"% M%5r6"67t P64er P6%t *er7)!"% )t)k &e&*at) )"er $ala&

&e,a(%ka 'er"eta"%.

M%5r6"67t O77%5e P64er P6%t a$ala# "ala# "at) (e%" 'r6!ra& ,a! ter!a*)! $ala&

M%5r6"67t O77%5e P64er P6%t "e*a!a% 'r6!ra& a'l%ka"% ,a! $%ra5a! k#)")" )t)k

&ea&'%lka 'r6!ra& &)lt%&e$%a. Hal %% "e*a!a%&aa $%ke&)kaka R%,aa 2//


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A'l%ka"% P64er P6%t &e,e$%aka 7a"%l%ta" "l%$e )t)k &ea&')! '6k6k-'6k6k

'e&*%5araa ,a! aka $%"a&'a%ka 'a$a 'e"erta $%$%k. De!a 7a"%l%ta" a%&a"%+ ")at) "l%$e

$a'at $%&6$%7%ka"% $e!a &ear%k. Be!%t) ()!a $e!a a$a,a 7a"%l%ta" 7r6t '%5t)re+ "6)$

$a e77e5t $a'at $%'aka% )t)k &e&*)at ")at) "l%$e ,a! *a!)". B%la 'r6$)k "l%$e %%

$%"a(%ka+ &aka 'ara 'e$e!ar $a'at $%tar%k 'er#at%a,a )t)k &eer%&a a'a ,a!

$%"a&'a%ka ke'a$a 'e"erta $%$%k.

Me$%a 'e&*ela(ara "a!at &eet)ka $ala& "et%a' 'e&*ela(ara t%$ak terke5)al% 'a$a

&ata 'ela(ara IPS Ter'a$) $% t%!kat Sek6la# Mee!a# Perta&a. Al-M)5tar 2//


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Ter'a$). P6')la"% $ala& 'eel%t%a %% $%*ata"% 'a$a "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a,

Pe&)ka Pel%)!.

C. R)&)"a Ma"ala#

Se")a% $e!a latar *elaka! &a"ala#+ &aka 'er&a"ala#a $ala& 'eel%t%a %% a$ala#

A'aka# ter$a'at #)*)!a atara 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $e!a #a"%l *ela(ar IPS

Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!=. Se5ara le*%# k#)")"

'er&a"ala#a 'eel%t%a %% $%r)&)"ka "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

8. Ba!a%&aa 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $ala& 'e&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$) $% kela"

VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!

2. Ba!a%&aa #a"%l *ela(ar IPS Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka

Pel%)!

9. Ba!a%&aa #)*)!a atara 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $e!a #a"%l *ela(ar IPS

Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!

D. T)()a Peel%t%a

T)()a 'eel%t%a %% "e5ara )&)& a$ala# )t)k &e!eta#)% #)*)!a atara 'e!!)aa

&e$%a P64er P6%t $e!a #a"%l *ela(ar IPS Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a,

Pe&)ka Pel%)!. Sela()t,a t)()a ter"e*)t $%(a*arka "e5ara k#)")" "e")a% $e!a

r)&)"a &a"ala# "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

8. Me$e"kr%'"%ka 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $ala& 'e&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$) $%kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!.

2. Me!eta#)% #a"%l *ela(ar IPS Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka

Pel%)!.

9. Me!eta#)% #)*)!a atara 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $e!a #a"%l *ela(ar IPS

Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!.


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E. Ma7aat Peel%t%a

Ha"%l 'eel%t%a %% $%#ara'ka $a'at &e&*er%ka &a7aat ke'a$a "e&)a '%#ak *a%k "e5ara

la!")! &a)') t%$ak la!")! ter)ta&a $ala& 'e!e&*a!a 'e$%$%ka. Se5ara le*%#

k#)")" 'eel%t%a %% $a'at &e&*er%ka &a7aat "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

8. Ba!% G)r)

83 Me&*er%ka 4a4a"a ke'a$a !)r) $ala& &e!e&*a!ka &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara ,a!

$a'at $%!)aka $ala& &elak"aaka t)!a" &e!a(ar,a.

23 Me&*er%ka k6tr%*)"% '6"%t%7 ke'a$a !)r) a!ar $a'at &e%!katka k)al%ta"

'e!a(ara,a $e!a &e&a7aatka &e$%a P64er P6%t "e#%!!a 'r6"e" 'e&*ela(ara aka

*er(ala $e!a e7ekt%7 $a e7%"%e.

2. Ba!% Sek6la#

83 Me&*er%ka &a")ka ke'a$a SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)! $ala&

&e%!katka #a"%l *ela(ar "%"4a-"%"4a,a k#)")",a $ala& 'e&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$)

&elal)% 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t.

23 Se*a!a% *a#a k6rek"% ter#a$a' 'elak"aaa 'e&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$) ,a!

$%lak"aaka.

9. Ba!% S%"4a

83 Mea&*a# 4a4a"a *ela(ar "%"4a ter)ta&a $ala& &e%!katka #a"%l *ela(ar &elal)%

'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t.

23 Me&*er%ka 4a4a"a ter#a$a' t%!kat ke*er#a"%la "%"4a $ala& 'e&*ela(ara.

. Ba!% Peel%t%

83 Se*a!a% &6$al a4al 'e!e&*a!a k#a"aa# 'eel%t%a $a "e*a!a% &6$al $a"ar !)a

'eel%t%a le*%# la()t.

23 Ut)k &e!e&*a!ka %l&) ,a! $%'er6le# "e*a!a% alterat%7 'elak"aaa "ala# "at)

Tr% Dar&a Per!)r)a ,a%t) 'eel%t%a.


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93 Ut)k &ea&*a#+ &e&'er$ala& $a &e&'erl)a" 4a4a"aa %l&) 'e!eta#)a ,a!

*er#)*)!a $e!a 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er P6%t $ala& 'e&*ela(ara IPS ter'a$).

>. Ba!% Le&*a!a STKIP N)r)l H)$a S)kara(a

83 Se*a!a% *ar6&eter %ter$%"%'l%er ke%l&)a $a k)al%ta" &a#a"%"4a $ala& *%$a!

'e$%$%ka.

23 Ut)k &ea&*a# 'er*e$a#araa ')"taka ka&')"

. Ka(%a P)"taka

8. Pe!ert%a Me$%a Pe&*ela(ara

Me$%a &er)'aka "ala# "at) k6&'6e "%"te& 'e&*ela(ara. Dar,at6 2/8813 &e!ataka

kata &e$%a &er)'aka *et)k (a&ak $ar% kata &e$%)& ,a! *erart% 'eratara ata) 'e!atar ter(a$%,a k6&)%ka"% $ar% 'e!%r%& &e)() 'eer%&a. Me$%a &er)'aka "ala# "at)

k6&'6e k6&)%ka"% ,a%t) "e*a!a% 'e&*a4a 'e"a $ar% k6&)%kat6r &e)() k6&)%ka.

Sa$%&a 2//>103 &e!ataka &e$%a *era"al $ar% *a#a"a lat% $a &er)'aka (a&ak $ar%

kata &e$6e ,a! *erart% 'eratara ata) 'e!atar 'e"a $ar% 'e!%r%& ke'a$a 'eer%&a

'e"a. Me$%a &er)'aka "araa k6&)%ka"% t%$ak la!")! ,a! $%!)aka )t)k

&e,a&'a%ka %$e+ !a!a"a+ &a)') %76r&a"% $ar% "e"e6ra! ke'a$a 6ra! la%. Dala&

'e&*ela(ara &e$%a &er)'aka "araa ,a! $a'at $%!)aka 6le# !)r) )t)k &e,a&'a%ka

*a#a 'ela(ara ke'a$a "el)r)# "%"4a.

Ar",a$ 2/88193 &e!ataka &e$%a *era"al $ar% *a#a"a lat% &e$%)" ,a! "e5ara #ar7%a#

*erart% te!a#+ 'eratara ata) 'e!atar. Dala& *a#a"a ara* &e$%a *era"al $ar% kata 4a"aa%l

,a! *erart% 'e!atar 'e"a $ar% 'e!%r%& ke'a$a 'eer%&a 'e"a. Me$%a a'a*%la $%'a#a&%

"e5ara !ar%" *e"ar a$ala# &a)"%a+ &ater% ata) ke(a$%a ,a! &e&*a!) k6$%"% ,a!

&e&*)at "%"4a &a&') &e&'er6le# 'e!eta#)a+ ketera&'%la &a)') "%ka'. Dala& 'e!ert%a %% !)r)+ *)k) tek" "erta l%!k)!a "ek6la# &er)'aka &e$%a *ela(ar.


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Se5ara le*%# k#)")" Ar",a$ 2/88193 &e!ataka &e$%a $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar

5e$er)! $%art%ka "e*a!a% alat-alat !ra7%"+ '#6t6!ra7%" ata) elektr6%" )t)k &ea!ka'+

&e&'r6"e"+ $a &e,)") ke&*al% %76r&a"% :%")al ata) :er*al. Me$%a 'e&*ela(ara

&er)'aka 'e!at)r #)*)!a ,a! e7ekt%7 atara $)a '%#ak )ta&a $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar

,a%t) "%"4a $a %"% 'ela(ara.

Sa(a,a 2/8/12/3 &e!ataka &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara a$ala# "el)r)# alat $a *a#a ,a!

$a'at $%'aka% )t)k t)()a 'e$%$%ka "e'ert% ra$%6+ tele:%"e+ *)k)+ k6ra+ &a(ala#+ k6&')ter

$a la% "e*a!a%,a. Sela% alat-alat ter"e*)t 6ra! $a *a#a "erta 'eralata ,a!

&e5%'taka k6$%"% ,a! &e&)!k%ka "%"4a &e&'er6le# 'e!eta#)a+ ktera&'%la $a

"%ka' ()!a $%"e*)t "e*a!a% &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara.

Sela% 'e$a'at ter"e*)t+ D(a&ara# 2/8/182/3 &e!ataka &e$%a a$ala# ")&*er *ela(ar

"e#%!!a "e5ara l)a" &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara $a'at $%art%ka $e!a &a)"%a+ *e$a ata)')

'er%"t%4a ,a! &e&)!k%ka "%"4a &e&'er6le# 'e!eta#)a "erta ketera&'%la. Me$%a

&er)'aka alat *at) ,a! $a'at *er)'a a'a "a(a ,a! $a'at $%(a$%ka "e*a!a% 'e,al)r

'e"a !)a &e5a'a% t)()a 'e&*ela(ara. Se5ara le*%# "'e"%7%k Sa$%&a 2//>183

&e(ela"ka "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

Me$%a 'ela(ara a$ala# 'era!kat l)ak "67t4are3 *er%"% 'e"a ata) %76r&a"% 'e$%$%ka,a! *%a"a,a $%"a(%ka $e!a &e&'er!)aka 'eralata. Peralata ata) 'era!kat kera"

#ar$4are3 &er)'aka "araa )t)k $a'at &e!)&')lka 'e"a ,a! terka$)! $ala&

&e$%a ter"e*)t.

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a teta! 'e!ert%a &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara $a'at $%"%&')lka *a#4a

&e$%a 'e&*ela(ara a$ala# "e!ala "e")at) ,a! $a'at $%!)aka )t)k &e,a&'a%ka 'e"a

ata) &ater% ,a! &e!a$)! t)()a %"tr)k"%6al ke'a$a 'eer%&a 'e"a $ala&

'e&*ela(ara. &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara &er)'aka "e!ala "e")at) ,a! $a'at $%!)aka )t)k

&e,al)rka 'e"a+ &era!"a! 7%k%ra+ 'era"aa+ 'er#at%a $a ke&a&')a "%"4a "e#%!!a

$a'at &e$6r6! ke*er#a"%la 'r6"e" *ela(ar.

2. Ma7aat Me$%a Pe&*ela(ara

Me$%a 'e&*ela(ara &er)'aka &e$%a ,a! $%!)aka $ala& 'e&*ela(ara. 'e!!)aa

&e$%a 'e&*ela(ara $a'at &e&*er%ka ra!"a!a ke'a$a "%"4a $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar+


10/48

"e#%!!a $a'at &e&'ert%!!% k)al%ta" *ela(ar &e!a(ar $a $a'at &e&'ert%!!% #a"%l *ela(ar

"%"4a. #al %% "e*a!a%&aa $%(ela"ka S)$(aa 2//>123 *a#4a &e$%a 'e!a(ara $a'at

&e&'ert%!!% 'r6"e" *ela(ar "%"4a $ala& 'e!a(ara ,a! 'a$a !%l%ra,a $%#ara'ka $a'at

&e&'ert%!!% #a"%l *ela(ar ,a! $%5a'a%,a.

R%,aa 2//


11/48

Me$%a "e*a!a% alat *at) $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar a$ala# ")at) ke,ataa ,a! t%$ak

$a'at $%')!k%r%+ karea &ea! !)r)la# ,a! &e!#e$ak%,a )t)k &e&*at) t)!a" !)r)

$ala& &e,a&'a%ka 'e"a-'e"a $ar% *a#a 'ela(ara ,a! $%*er%ka !)r) ke'a$a "%"4a.

!)r) "a$ar *a#4a ta'a *at)a &e$%a+ &aka *a#a 'ela(ara ")kar )t)k $%5era $a

$%'a#a&% 6le# "et%a' aak $%$%k ter)ta&a *a#a 'ela(ara ,a! r)&%t $a 5)k)' k6&'lek"

"e'ert% $ala& 'e&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$).

Berka%ta $e!a &a7aat &e$%a "e*a!a% alat *at)+ D(a&ara# 2/8/18283 &e(ela"ka

"e*a!a% *er%k)t1

Set%a' &ater% 'ela(ara &e&%%k% t%!kat ke")kara ,a! *er:ar%a"%. Pa$a "at) "%"% a$a *a#a

'ela(ara ,a! t%$ak &e&erl)ka alat *at)+ teta'% $% la% '%#ak a$a *a#a 'ela(ara ,a!

"a!at &e&erl)ka alat *at) *er)'a &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara "e'ert% !l6*e+ !ra7%k+ !a&*ar+ "l%$e

're"eta"% $a la% "e*a!a%,a. Ba#a 'ela(ara $e!a t%!kat ke")kara ,a! t%!!% tet)

")kar $%'r6"e" 6le# "%"4a a'ala!% *a!% "%"4a ,a! k)ra! &e,)ka% *a#a 'ela(ara ,a!

$%"a&'a%ka ter"e*)t.

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t $a'at $%"%&')lka *a#4a &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara $%!)aka

)t)k &el%5%ka (ala &e)() ter5a'a%,a t)()a 'e!a(ara. Hal ter"e*)t $%la$a"% $e!a

ke,ak%a *a#4a 'r6"e *ela(ar &e!a(ar $e!a *at)a &e$%a &e&'ert%!!% ke!%ata

*ela(ar aak $%$%k $ala& te!!a! 4akt) 5)k)' la&a. Ole# karea,a &e$%a $%"e*)t "e*a!a%

alat *at) $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar+ "e$a!ka !)r) ,a! &e&'er!)aka,a )t)k

&e&*ela(arka "%"4a $e&% ter5a'a%,a t)()a 'e!a(ara.

*. Me$%a "e*a!a% S)&*er Bela(ar

Bela(ar &e!a(ar a$ala# ")at) 'r6"e" ,a! &e!6la# "e()&la# %la% )t)k $%k6")&"% 6le#"et%a' "%"4a. %la%-%la% %t) t%$ak $ata! $e!a "e$%r%,a teta'% tera&*%l $ar% *er*a!a%

")&*er. S)&*er *ela(ar ,a! "e")!!)#,a *a,ak "ekal% ter$a'at $%&aa-&aa. D(a&ara#

2/8/18223 &e&*a!% ")&*er *ela(ar &e(a$% l%&a kate!6r% ,a%t) &a)"%a+ *)k)+ &e$%a

&a""a+ ala& l%!k)!a "erta &e$%a 'e$%$%ka. Ole# karea %t) ")&*er *ela(ar a$ala# "e!ala

"e")at) ,a! $a'at $%'er!)aka "e*a!a% te&'at $%&aa *a#a 'e!a(ara ter$a'at ata) a"al

)t)k *ela(ar "e"e6ra!.


12/48

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara "e*a!a% "ala# "at) ")&*er *ela(ar %k)t

&e&*at) !)r) &e&'erka,a 4a4a"a "%"4a. Aeka &a5a& *et)k $a (e%" &e$%a

'e$%$%ka ,a! $%!)aka 6le# !)r) &e(a$% ")&*er %l&) 'e!eta#)a *a!% "%"4a. G)r)

$ala& &eera!ka ")at) *e$a $a'at &e&*a4a *e$a,a "e5ara la!")! ke #a$a'a

"%"4a $% $e'a kela". A'a*%la #al ter"e*)t t%$ak $%&)!k%ka+ !)r) $a'at &e&*)at "ket"a

$ar% *e$a ter"e*)t "e*a!a% ")&*er *ela(ar.

9. Je%"-(e%" Me$%a Pe&*ela(ara

Me$%a 'e&*ela(ara &er)'aka k6&'6e %"tr)k"%6al &el%')t% 'e"a+ 6ra!+ &a)')

'eralata. De!a &a")k,a *er*a!a% 'e!ar)# ke $ala& $)%a 'e$%$%ka &%"al,a te6r%

ata) k6"e' *ar) "erta tek6l6!%+ &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara ter)" &e!ala&% 'erke&*a!a+ ta&'%l

$ala& *er*a!a% (e%"+ $e!a &a"%!-&a"%! 5%r% "erta ke&a&')a,a "e$%r%. Dar% "%%la#

ke&)$%a t%&*)l )"a#a-)"a#a )t)k &elak)ka kla"%7%ka"% ata) 'e!el6&'6ka &e$%a+

&e!ara# ke'a$a 'e&*)ata tak"66&% &e$%a 'e$%$%ka ata) 'e&*ela(ara $% "ek6la#.

U"a#a-)"a#a ke ara# tak"66&% &e$%a ter"e*)t tela# $%lak)ka 6le# *e*era'a a#l%. R)$,

Bret@ $ala& S)&%at%+ 2//


13/48

tek6l6!% ter"e*)t+ Ar",a$ 2/88183 &e!kla"%7%ka"%ka &e$%a ata" e&'at kel6&'6k ,a%t)

&e$%a #a"%l tek6l6!% 5etak+ &e$%a #a"%l tek6l6!% a)$%6-:%")al+ &e$%a #a"%l tek6l6!%

*er*a"%" 56&')ter+ $a &e$%a #a"%l !a*)!a tek6l6!% 5etak "erta k6&')ter.

Seel" $a Gla"!64 $ala& Ar",a$+ 2/88183 &e&*a!% &e$%a ke $ala& $)a kel6&'6k *e"ar+,a%t) &e$%a tra$%"%6al "erta &e$%a tek6l6!% &)tak#%r. Le*%# la()t Ar",a$+ 2/881283

&e(ela"ka "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

P%l%#a &e$%a tra$%"%6al *er)'a &e$%a :%")al $%a& t%$ak $%'r6,ek"%ka $a ,a!

$%'r6,ek"%ka+ a)$%6+ 'e,a(%a &)lt%&e$%a+ :%")al $%a&%" ,a! $%'r6,ek"%ka+ &e$%a 5etak+

'er&a%a+ $a &e$%a real%a. Se$a!ka '%l%#a &e$%a tek6l6!% &)tak#%r *er)'a &e$%a

*er*a"%" telek6&)%ka"% "e'ert% tele567ere5e $a &e$%a *er*a"%" &%kr6'r6"e"6r "e'ert%

'er&a%a k6&')ter $a #,'er&e$%a.

Be*era'a 'e!el6&'6kka &e$%a $%ke&)kaka ter"e*)t+ #%!!a "aat %% *el)& ter$a'at ")at)

ke"e'akata teta! kla"%7%ka"% ata) "%"te& tak"66&% &e$%a *ak). De!a kata la%+ *el)&

a$a tak"66&% &e$%a *erlak) )&)& "erta &e5ak)' "e!ala a"'ek,a+ ter)ta&a )t)k ")at)

"%"te& %"tr)k"%6al.

. Pe!ert%a P64er P6%t

P64er P6%t &er)'aka "ala# "at) 'r6!ra& $ala& M%5r6"67t A77%5e. M%5r6"67t O77%5e P64er

P6%t a$ala# "ala# "at) (e%" 'r6!ra& ,a! ter!a*)! $ala& M%5r6"67t 677%5e. M%5r6"67t

O77%5e P64er P6%t &er)'aka 'r6!ra& a'l%ka"% ,a! $%ra5a! "e5ara k#)")" )t)k

&ea&'%lka 'r6!ra& &)lt%&e$%a. Hal %% "e*a!a%&aa $%ke&)kaka R%,aa 2//


14/48

&)$a# $ala& 'e&*)ata+ 'e!!)aa "erta relat%7 &)ra#. R%,aa 2//


15/48

'e!!)aa M%5r6"67t O77%5e P64er P6%t $e!a '6la 'e,a(%a "ta$ al6e $%#ara'ka

$a'at &e%!katka #a"%l *ela(ar "%"4a.

>. Pe!ert%a Ha"%l Bela(ar

Pr6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar $%lak)ka )t)k &e5a'a% ")at) t)()a ,a! tela# $%r)&)"ka. Pa$a

)&)&,a #a"%l *ela(ar &el%')t% 'e!eta#)a+ "%ka' $a ketera&'%la. Ha"%l *ela(ar ,a!

aka $%'er6le# "%"4a "etela# &ee&')# 'e!ala&a *ela(ar,a ata) 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar.

S)$(aa 2//01223 &e!ataka #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# ke&a&')a-ke&a&')a ,a! $%&%l%k%

"%"4a "etela# %a &eer%&a 'e!ala&a *ela(ar,a.

Pr6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar $a #a"%l *ela(ar "al%! *er#)*)!a karea $ala& ke!%ata *ela(ar

&e!a(ar ter$a'at t)()a ,a! aka $%5a'a%. S%"4a ,a! "e*el)&,a t%$ak ta#) &e(a$%ta#) $a $ar% t%$ak &e!ert% &e(a$% &e!ert% "etela# *ela(ar. Ha&al%k 2//019/3

&e!ataka #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# *%la "e"e6ra! tela# *ela(ar aka ter(a$% 'er)*a#a t%!ka#

lak) 'a$a 6ra! ter"e*)t+ &%"al,a $ar% t%$ak ta#) &e(a$% ta#) $a $ar% t%$ak &e!ert%

&e(a$% &e!ert%.

T#6*r6% 2/88183 &e!ataka *a#4a *ela(ar *er#)*)!a $e!a 'er)*a#a t%!ka# lak)

"e"e6ra! ter#a$a' "%t)a"% tertet) ,a! $%"e*a*ka 6le# 'e!ala&a,a ,a! *er)la!-

)la! $ala& "%t)a"% tertet). Sla&et6 2/8/123 &e!ataka *ela(ar %ala# ")at) 'r6"e" )"a#a

,a! $%lak)ka "e"e6ra! )t)k &e&'er6le# ")at) 'er)*a#a t%!ka# lak) ,a! *ar) "e5ara

ke"el)r)#a "e*a!a% #a"%l 'e!ala&a,a "e$%r% $ala& %terak"% $e!a l%!k)!a,a.

Per)*a#a ,a! ter(a$% $ala& $%r% "e"e6ra! *a,ak "ekal% "%7at &a)') (e%",a. Ole#

karea %t)+ ")$a# tet) t%$ak "et%a' 'er)*a#a $ala& $%r% "e"e6ra! &er)'aka 'er)*a#a

$ala& art% *ela(ar.

P6er4at6 2//12


16/48

T#6*r6% 2/881223 &e!ataka #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# '6la-'6la 'er*)ata+ %la%-%la%+

'e!ert%a-'e!ert%a+ "%ka'-"%ka'+ a're"%a"% $a ketera&'%la. D(a&ara# 2//3

&e!ataka *a#4a #a"%l *ela(ar a$ala# 're"ta"% $ar% ")at) ke!%ata ,a! tela# $%ker(aka+$%5%'taka+ *a%k "e5ara %$%:%$) &a)') kel6&'6k. Ha"%l t%$ak aka 'era# $%#a"%lka

"ela&a 6ra! t%$ak &elak)ka "e")at). Ut)k &e!#a"%lka "e*)a# 're"ta"% $%*)t)#ka

'er()a!a $a 'e!6r*aa ,a! "a!at *e"ar. Ha,a $e!a ke)leta+ ")!!)#-")!!)#+

ke&a)a ,a! t%!!% $a ra"a 6't%&%"&e $%r%la# ,a! &a&') )t)k &a5a'a%,a.

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t+ &aka $%"%&')lka *a#4a #a"%l *ela(ar &er)'aka t%!kat

ke&a)"%aa ,a! $%&%l%k% "%"4a $ala& &eer%&a+ &e6lak $a &e%la% %76r&a"%-%76r&a"%

,a! $%'er6le# $ala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar. Ha"%l *ela(ar "e"e6ra! "e")a% $e!a t%!kat

ke*er#a"%la "e")at) $ala& &e&'ela(ar% &ater% 'ela(ara ,a! $%,ataka $ala& *et)k %la%

ata) ra'6rt "et%a' *%$a! "t)$% "etela# &e!ala&% 'r6"e" *ela(ar &e!a(ar. Ha"%l *ela(ar "%"4a

$a'at $%keta#)% "etela# $%a$aka e:al)a"%. Ha"%l $ar% e:al)a"% $a'at &e&'erl%#atka teta!

t%!!% ata) re$a#,a #a"%l *ela(ar "%"4a. Ha"%l *ela(ar &er)'aka 're"ta"% ,a! $%'er6le#

"etela# &elak)ka ")at) ke!%ata ,a! $%&aa aka &e%&*)lka ")at) 'er)*a#a-

'er)*a#a 'a$a $%r% %$%:%$).

0. akt6r-7akt6r ,a! Me&'e!ar)#% Ha"%l Bela(ar

Bela(ar "e*a!a% 'r6"e" ata) akt%:%ta" $%",aratka 6le# *a,ak "ekal% #al-#al ata) 7akt6r-7akt6r.

akt6r-7akt6r ,a! &e&'e!ar)#% *ela(ar "a!at *era!a&. S)r,a*rata 2/8/12993

&e!ataka *a#4a 7akt6r ,a! &e&'e!ar)#% #a"%l *ela(ar $%*a!% $)a ,a%t) 7akt6r ,a!

*era"al $ar% l)ar $%r% 'ela(ar ,a! &el%')t% 7akt6r 6"6"%al $a 7akt6r "6"%al+ "erta 7akt6r ,a!

*era"al $ar% $ala& $%r% 'ela(ar ,a%t) 7akt6r 7%"%6l6!%" $a '"%k6l6!%".

a. akt6r N6"6"%al $ala& Bela(ar

L%!k)!a ala&% &er)'aka l%!k)!a 7%"%k $% "ek%tar aak *er)'a *er*a!a% 7e6&ea

ala& &a)') kea$aa l%!k)!a te&'at aak #%$)'. L%!k)!a ala&% aka &e&*a4a

$a&'ak *e"ar ter#a$a' #a"%l *ela(ar aak. A'a*%la k6$%"% l%!k)!a &e$)k)! 'r6"e"

*ela(ar aak &aka $a'at $%'a"t%ka #a"%l *ela(ar aak aka &ak"%&al.

S)r,a*rata 2/8/12993 &e!ataka *a#4a kel6&'6k 7akt6r 6"6"%al &el%')t% kea$aa

)$ara+ ")#) )$ara+ 5)a5a+ eakt)+ te&'at+ $a alat-alat ,a! $%!)aka )t)k *ela(ar. Se&)a


17/48

7akt6r ter"e*)t #ar)" $%at)r "e$e&%k%a r)'a "e#%!!a $a'at &e&*at) 'r6"e" ata) 'er*)ata

*ela(ar "e5ara &ak"%&al.

*. akt6r-7akt6r S6"%al $ala& Bela(ar

S)r,a*rata 2/8/1293 &e!ataka *a#4a 7akt6r "6"%al $ala& *ela(ar a$ala# 7akt6r &a)"%a

*a%k &a)"%a %t) a$a &a)') ke#a$%ra,a $a'at $%"%&')lka+ (a$% t%$ak la!")! #a$%r.

Ke#a$%ra 6ra! ata) 6ra! la% 'a$a 4akt) "e"e6ra! *ela(ar *a,ak "ekal% &e!!a!!)

*ela(ar ata) "e*al%k,a. Ole# karea,a $%'erl)ka l%!k)!a *ela(ar "6"%al ,a! k6$)"%7

)t)k *ela(ar.

Ha"%l *ela(ar ()!a "a!at $%'e!ar)#% 6le# 7akt6r-7akt6r $% l)ar $%r% %$%:%$)+ *a%k 7akt6r 7%"%k

&a)') "6"%al '"%k6l6!%" 'a$a l%!k)!a kel)ar!a+ "ek6la# &a)') &a",arakat. Ma"%!-&a"%! k6$%"% l%!k)!a aka &e&*er%ka 'e!ar)# ter#a$a' #a"%l *ela(ar "e"e6ra!.

M)ar$(% 2//18993 &e!ataka l%!k)!a "6"%al a$ala# &a)"%a ata) "e"a&a &a)"%a+

*a%k &a)"%a %t) a$a ke#a$%ra,a3 ata)') t%$ak la!")! #a$%r. Ke#a$%ra 6ra! la% 'a$a

4akt) "e$a! *ela(ar+ "er%! kal% &e!!a!!) akt%:%ta" *ela(ar. Me)r)t A"r6r% 2//


18/48

$ala&,a aka &e&*er%ka 'e!ar)# '6"%t%7 ter#a$a' "e&a!at $a 'erke&*a!a *ela(ar

!eera"% &)$a,a.

5. akt6r-7akt6r %"%6l6!%" $ala& Bela(ar

akt6r 7%"%6l6!%" a$ala# 7akt6r *erka%ta $e!a k6$%"% 7%"%k "e"e6ra! ata) k6$%"%

(a"&a%a# "e"e6ra!. akt6r %% &er)'aka 7akt6r *a4aa $ala& $%r% "e6ra! %$%:%$)+

&elekat 'a$a $%r%,a+ "erta "e*a!%a &e(a$% karakter%"t%k $%r%,a. Sla&et6 2/8/1>3

&e,e*)tka *a#4a 7akt6r (a"&a%a# &el%')t% 7akt6r ke"e#ata $a 5a5at t)*)#. akt6r

7%"%6l6!%" %% a$a *er"%7at 'er&ae "e'ert% 5a5at t)*)# 'er&ae+ a$a ')la *er"%7at "e&etara

"e'ert% ke"e#ata.

akt6r (a"&a% &e5ak)' k6$%"% "erta ke"e#ata (a"&a% $ar% %$%:%$). Se#at *erart% $ala&kea$aa *a%k "e!ea' *a$a *e"erta *a!%a-*a!%a,a. Dala& 'r6"e" *ela(ar "e"e6ra! aka

ter!a!!) (%ka ke"e#ata "e"e6ra! ter!a!!)+ "ela% %t) ()!a %a aka 5e'at lela#+ k)ra!

*er"e&a!at+ &)$a# ')"%! "erta *erk)ra!,a 7)!"% $ar% alat-alat %$era,a. A!ar 6ra!

$a'at *ela(ar $e!a *a%k #ar)"la# &e!)"a#aka ke"e#ata *a$a,a teta' ter(a&% $e!a

5ara "elal) &e!%$a#ka ketet)a-ketet)a teta! *eker(a+ *ela(ar+ %"t%ra#at+ t%$)r+

&aka+ 6la#ra!a+ rekrea"% "erta %*a$a#.

Sela% $ar% ke"e#ata+ 5a5at t)*)# ()!a &er)'aka 7akt6r 'eet) $ar% #a"%l *ela(ar. Ca5at

t)*)# a$ala# ")at) 'e,e*a* k)ra! *a%k ata) k)ra! "e&')ra &e!ea% t)*)# ata) *a$a.

S)k&a$%ata 2//>1 22>3 &e!ataka.

Kea$aa 5a5at t)*)# aka &e&'e!ar)#% *ela(ar. S%"4a $e!a 5a5at t)*)# *%a"a,a

&e!ala&% tekaa $ala& *at%,a ,a! &e!ak%*atka k)ra! 'er5a,a $%r%. Ole# karea %t)

"%"4a 5a5at *ela(ar,a aka "a!at ter!a!!). Aak ,a! 5a5at t)*)# #e$ak,a *ela(ar 'a$a

le&*a!a 'e$%$%ka k#)")".

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t $a'at $%"%&')lka *a#4a kea$aa (a"&a% ,a! 'erl)

$%'er#at%ka $ala& *ela(ar a$ala# k6$%"% 7%"%k 6r&al ata) t%$ak &e&%l%k% 5a5at "e(ak $ala&

ka$)!a "a&'a% "e")$a# la#%r. K6$%"% 7%"%k 6r&al %% ter)ta&a #ar)" &el%')t% kea$aa

6tak+ 'a5a %$era+ a!!6ta t)*)#. Sela% %t) k6$%"% ke"e#ata 7%"%k "e#at "erta "e!ar "a!at

&e&'e!ar)#% ke*er#a"%la *ela(ar. D% $ala& &e(a!a ke"e#ata 7%"%k a$a *e*era'a #al 'erl)

$%'er#at%ka atara la% &aka+ &%)& terat)r+ 6la# ra!a "erta 5)k)' t%$)r.


19/48

$. akt6r P"%k6l6!%" $ala& Bela(ar

akt6r '"%k6l6!%" &e&'e!ar)#% #a"%l *ela(ar &el%')t% "e!ala #al *erka%ta $e!a k6$%"%

&etal ke(%4aa "e"e6ra!. A"'ek '"%k%" ata) ke(%4aa t%$ak kala# 'et%!,a $ala& *ela(ar

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$a kelela#a. Ut)k kela5ara *ela(ar *)ka #a,a $%t)t)t ke"e#ata (a"&a%a# teta'%

ke"e#ata r6#a%a# ata) '"%k%" ')la.

Ora! "e#at '"%k%",a a$ala# 6ra! ter*e*a" $ar% tekaa *at% &e$ala&+ 7r)"ta"%+ k67l%k-

k67l%k '"%k%"+ ter#%$ar $ar% ke*%a"aa-ke*%a"aa *)r)k &e!!a!!) 'era"aa. Ora! "e#at

'"%k%",a aka &era"aka ke*a#a!%aa "erta $a'at &e,era' 'ela(ara le*%# 6't%&al.

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t $a'at $%"%&')lka *a#4a 7akt6r '"%k6l6!%" $ala& *ela(ar

&el%')t% "el)r)# kea$aa '"%k6l6!% aak ,a! "e$a! *ela(ar. A'a*%la kea$aa '"%k6l6!%"

aak *a%k &aka $%&)!k%ka aka &e&'er6le# #a"%l *ela(ar $e!a *a%k ')la $a

"e*al%k,a.

;. Hak%kat Pe&*ela(ara IPS Ter'a$)

M6$el 'e&*ela(ara ter'a$) &er)'aka "ala# "at) &6$el %&'le&eta"% k)r%k)l)& ,a!$%a()rka )t)k $%a'l%ka"%ka 'a$a "e&)a (e(a! 'e$%$%ka+ &)la% $ar% t%!kat Sek6la#

Da"ar SDMI3 "a&'a% $e!a Sek6la# Mee!a# Ata" SMAMA3. M6$el 'e&*ela(ara

ter'a$) 'a$a #ak%kat,a &er)'aka ")at) 'e$ekata 'e&*ela(ara ,a! &e&)!k%ka

'e"erta $%$%k *a%k "e5ara %$%:%$)al &a)') kel6&'6k akt%7 &e5ar%+ &e!!al%+ $a

&ee&)ka k6"e' "erta 'r%"%' "e5ara #6l%"t%k $a 6tet%k De'$%ka"+ 2//0193.

Hak%kat IPS+ a$ala# telaa# teta! &a)"%a $a $)%a,a. Ma)"%a "e*a!a% &ak#l)k "6"%al

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%teret. Ke&a()a I'tek &e,e*a*ka 5e'at,a k6&)%ka"% atara 6ra! ,a! "at) $e!a

la%,a+ atara e!ara "at) $e!a e!ara la%,a. De!a $e&%k%a &aka ar)" %76r&a"%

aka "e&ak% 5e'at ')la &e!al%r,a. Ole# karea %t) $%,ak%% *a#4a 6ra! ,a! &e!)a"a%

%76r&a"% %t)la# ,a! aka &e!)a"a% $)%a.

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t+ &aka IPS &er)'aka ")at) 'e$ekata %ter$"%'l%er Iter-

$%"5%'l%ar, A''r6a5#3 $ar% 'ela(ara Il&)-%l&) S6"%al. IPS &er)'aka %te!ra"% $ar%


20/48


21/48

'e!eta#)a+ "erta ke*)lata 'a$a!a teta! ke#%$)'a $a $)%a ,ata $a'at

$%re7lek"%ka &elal)% 'e&*ela(ara ter'a$).

G. Met6$6l6!% Peel%t%a

8. Var%a*el Peel%t%a

Ar%k)t6 2//018803 &e!ataka :ar%a*el 'eel%t%a a$ala# !e(ala ,a! *er:ar%a"% $ala&

'eel%t%a. Var%a*el 'eel%t%a $a'at $%*e$aka &e(a$% $)a ,a%t) :ar%a*el *e*a" $a :ar%a*el

ter%kat. Ar%k)t6 2//01883 &e(ela"ka *a#4a :ar%a*el *e*a" a$ala# :ar%a*el ,a!

&e&'e!ar)#% "e$a!ka :ar%a*el ter%kat a$ala# :ar%a*el l)ar ,a! &er)'aka :ar%a*el

ak%*at. Dala& 'eel%t%a %% ter$a'at "at) :ar%a*el *e*a" ,a%t) 'e!!)aa &e$%a P64er

P6%t F3 $a "at) :ar%a*el ter%kat ,a%t) #a"%l *ela(ar IPS Ter'a$) "%"4a kela" VIII SMP

Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)! Y3. Le*%# (ela",a :ar%a*el 'eel%t%a %% $a'at $%!a&*arka

"e*a!a% *er%k)t1

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Ha"%l Bela(ar IPS Ter'a$) S%"4a Kela" VIII SMP Ne!er% 2 B)a, Pe&)ka Pel%)!

2. De7%%"% O'era"%6al Var%a*el

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$ala& #%'6te"%"+ ata) $e7%%"% ,a! 'a$a %t%,a &er)'aka &er)'aka 'e(a*ara le*%#

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6'era"%6al $ar% :ar%a*el 'eel%t%a %% "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

8. P64er P6%t &er)'aka "ala# "at) 'r6!ra& $ala& M%5r6"67t O77%5e+ ,a! &er)'aka

'r6!ra& a'l%ka"% ,a! $%ra5a! "e5ara k#)")" )t)k &ea&'%lka 'r6!ra& &)lt%&e$%a.


22/48

2. Ha"%l *ela(ar IPS Ter'a$) a$ala# ke5aka'a $a 'er)*a#a $ala& $%r% "%"4a $ala&

&e&a#a&% *er*a!a% k6"e' IPS $a &e!a'l%ka"%ka $ala& ke#%$)'a "e#ar%-#ar% &el%')t%

're"ta"% aka$e&%k "erta 6 aka$e&%k.

9. Je%" Peel%t%a

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ter"e*)t *et)l-*et)l "%"te&at%"+ t%$ak "%&'a! "%)r "e#%!!a al)r 'er&a"ala#a $a

'e,ele"a%a &a"ala#,a $a'at $%t)l%" $e!a la5ar $a "e&')ra. Met6$e 'eel%t%a

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$%'erl)ka $ala& 'ere5aaa $a ()!a $ala& 'elak"aaa 'eel%t%a.

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Peel%t%a k)at%tat%7 a$ala# ")at) 'eel%t%a ,a! $%$a"arka 6le# 7al"a7a# '6"%t%:%"&e ,a%t)

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$a $a'at &e&*)at !eeral%"a"% ata" rerata. Te6r% ke*eara $%a)t 6le# '6"%t%:%" ter&a")k

te6r% k6re"'6$e"% atara 'er,ataa ata) :er*al $e!a real%ta" e&%r%k ata) 6*(ek,a.

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l6!%ka &ate&at%ka "erta &e&*)at !eeral%"a"% ata" rerata.

Met6$e 'eel%t%a &e&%l%k% *er*a!a% &a5a& *et)k 'e$ekata. Sala# "at) *et)k

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&e!ataka 'e$ekata k6rela"%6al *ert)()a )t)k &ee&)ka a$a t%$ak,a #)*)!a+

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23/48

Ber$a"arka 'e(ela"a ter"e*)t+ 'eel%t%a k)at%tat%7 *erart% 'eel%t%a ,a! &e!!)aka

tek%k aal%"%" "tat%"t%k )t)k &e!aal%"a $ata $a &ear%k ke"%&')la. Data $%'er6le#

&elal)% *er*a!a% %"tr)&et 'e!)&')la $ata.

. P6')la"% $a Sa&'el

a. P6')la"%

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k)at%tat%7.

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Ta*el 8

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24/48

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a. K)e"%6er ata) A!ket

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'erta,aa *a%k la!")! &a)') &elal)% '6" ke'a$a re"'6$e 'eel%t%a.

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31/48

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Ta*el 9

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33/48

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'e)l%"a "e*a!a% *er%k)t1

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Ba!%a %% ter$%r% ata" 'e!ert%a &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara+ &a7aat &e$%a 'e&*ela(ara+ (e%"-

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,a! &e&'e!ar)#% #a"%l *ela(ar+ t%'e-t%'e #a"%l *ela(ar+ $a #ak%kat 'e&*ela(ara IPS

Ter'a$).

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

Ba!%a %% ter$%r% ata" (e%" 'eel%t%a+ :ar%a*el 'eel%t%a+ $e:%%"% 6'era"%6al :ar%a*el+

'6')la"% $a "a&'el+ tek%k 'e!)&')la $ata+ tek%k aal%"%" $ata $a #%'6te"%" 'eel%t%a.

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

Ba!%a %% ter$%r% ata" $e"kr%'"% 4%la,a# 'eel%t%a+ 'e,a(%a $ata+ 'e!6la#a $ata #a"%l

'eel%t%a+ $a 'e&*a#a"a #a"%l 'eel%t%a.

BAB V PENUTUP

Ba!%a %% ter$%r% ata" ke"%&')la $a "ara

Da7tar P)"taka

La&'%ra-la&'%ra

I. Ja$4al Peel%t%a


35/48

Peel%t%a %% $%lak"aaka 'a$a "e&e"ter !ea' ta#) 'ela(ara 2/88-2/82 ,a%t) 'a$a *)la

e*r)ar% "a&'a% $e!a *)la A'r%l 2/82. Ut)k le*%# (ela",a+ ke!%ata-ke!%ata $ala&

'eel%t%a %% $a'at $%l%#at 'a$a ta*el *er%k)t.

Ta*el

Ja$4al Peel%t%a

N6

Ke!%ata

e*r)ar%

Maret

A'r%l

8

2

9

8

2

9

8

2

9


36/48

8

Pere5aaa

2

Per"%a'a


37/48

9

E:al)a"%

Pe!a()a J)$)l


38/48

>

Pe!a()a Pr6'6"al


39/48

0

Se&%ar Pr6'6"al

;

Per*a%ka Pr6'6"al


40/48

<

ACC Pr6'6"al

Pelak"aaa Skr%'"%


41/48

8/

Ba* I


42/48

88

Ba* II

82

Ba* III


43/48

89

Ba* IV

8

Ba* V


44/48

8>

M)aQa",a#


45/48

DATAR PUSTAKA

A#&a$%+ L%7 K#6%r). 2/8/. Strate!% Pe&*ela(ara Sek6la# Ber"ta$ar Itera"%6al $a

Na"%6al. Jakarta1 PT P)"taka Ra,a.

Al-M)5#tar. 2//


46/48

De'$%ka". 2//0. K)r%k)l)& T%!kat Sat)a Pe$%$%ka. Jakarta1 De'$%ka".

D%&,at% $a M)$(%66. 2//0. Bela(ar $a Pe&*ela(ara. Jakarta1 R%eka C%'ta.

D(a&ara#+ S,a%7)l Ba#r%. 2//0. Strate!% Bela(ar Me!a(ar. Jakarta1 R%eka C%'ta.

D(a&ara#+ S,a%7)l Ba#r%. 2//


47/48

Na")t%6+ S. 2/8/. Ber*a!a% Pe$ekata $ala& Pr6"e" Bela(ar $a Me!a(ar. Jakarta1 B)&%

Ak"ara.

P)r4at6+ N!al%&. 2//. P"%k6l6!% Pe$%$%ka. Jakarta1R%eka C%'ta.

R%,aa+ Il,a"%#. 2//


48/48

S)k&a$%ata+ Naa S,a6$%#. 2//>. La$a"a P"%k6l6!%" Pe$%$%ka. Ba$)!1 Re&a(a

R6"$akar,a.

S)&aat&a(a. 2//0. M6$)l Pe&*ela(ara Il&) Pe!eta#)a S6"%al. Jakarta1De'$%ka".

S)&%at% $a A@ra. 2//

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