deputy director general (r&d) malaysian nuclear agency (nuklear...
TRANSCRIPT
Muhd Noor Muhd Yunus, PhD Deputy Director General (R&D)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia) Bangi, 43000 KAJANG, Selangor
Waste Management Goals Energy, Waste and Environment Expertise in Nuklear Malaysia – W2W Strategies Success Stories and R&D Projects
◦ MSW ◦ Biomass ◦ Hazardous Waste and Material Recovery ◦ Radioactive Waste and Minerals
Future Directions –Nuclear Waste? Challenges
◦ Public Acceptance ◦ Technology Up-Scaling and Commercialization ◦ Advance Technology – High Investment Cost ◦ Human Resource
Conclusions
Dumping
Incineration and renewal
energy
Material and Chemical
Technology
Plant Integrity Radiation
Technology
Biology and Agro
technology
Radioactive Nuclear Waste
Hydrology Geology
Environment
W2W
Paper (8.2%)
ANALYSIS: MSW mass flow diagram
Plastics (13.1%)
Textiles (1.3%)
Rubber&leather (0.4%)
Wood(1.8%)
Garden Waste (6.9%)
Dust (0.4%)
Incombustibles (11.5%)
Organics (58.3%) 25% : AD/Compost?
32% RDF? +20% Moisture
12% Recycle?
11% Landfill?
MSW
MSW
MSW
MSW
MSW
Benchmarking Local Technology, Funding Model and Cost
N2 O2 Dry air Odour subtances (Benzene, Dimethlsulfide,Trimethylamine TML
TREATMENT OF SIMULATED ODOR FROM RDF PLANT
USING ASHUMALI KINETIC MODELING
BY MOHD. NAHAR BIN OTHMAN
MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Irradiation Dose (kGy)
Ben
zen
e co
nc,
in p
pm
v
Humid Air
Humid N2
MSW
Dzz(c
m2/s)
t (sec)
Ug = 10 cm/s
Dc = 18” COMPARISON OF COMPUTED (CFDLIB) AND
MEASURED Dzz
Gas Jets
from
Sparger
with 8
holes
MSW
MSW
MSW
Raw material
Kernel Shell
CARBONATION UNIT
RK-FB WASHING PROCESS IODINE 131 SCRUBBING
100 % input
Charcoal or
Adsorbent
20 % output
KI Impregnated
PRODUCTION OF ADSORBENT FROM PALM SHELL FOR RADIOACTIVE IODINE SCRUBBING PROCESS
RK – FB reactor
Combustion inside RK-FB
palm kernel shell :– charcoal
palm kernel shell :– charcoal
Activate with ethanol
Washing with acid
30 % output
Charcoal or Adsorbent
Iodine scrubbing apparatus
Biomass
Biomass
1
Carrier ProductionEFB
POME
H2O
Mixing Packing 35-50 kGy
Gamma-irradiation
MINTec-Sinagama
BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION
Inoculum Production
Batch Culture
Mother culture
Purity test
Gamma-irradiated
bags
InoculationIncubation
28°C ± 2
Quality
AssuranceField
Experiments/
Ready for Use
Sources: Khairuddin Abdul Rahim et al. (2004, 2005, 2006);
Zakry Fitri Abdul Aziz et al. (2005; 2006)
STERILE
CONDITION
Biomass
Biomass
Microbial fuel cell + Wastewater → Bioenergy + cleaner wastewater
POME/Wastewater
MFC
Biocatalyst Fuel Power
(mW/m2)
Sources
EMC ACETATE 1,860 Current study
EMC Sucrose 29.2 He et al. 2006
EMC Glucose, glutamate 560 Moon et al. 2006
EMC Xylose 673 Huang & Logan 2008
EMC AAW 1030 Jong et al. 2006
EMC Acetate 1330 Liu et al. 2005
S. putrefaciens Medium 0.32 Kim et al. 2002
R. ferrireducens Glucose 8.2 Chaudhuri &Lovley 2003
G. sulfurreducens Acetate 16 Bond and Lovley 2003
S. oneidensis Lactate 3000 Ringeisen et al. 2006
EMC POME 622 Current study
EMC Organic wastewater 8.3 Kim et al. 2004
EMC Starch processing WW 239.4 Lu et al. 2009
EMC Acid-mine drainage 290 Cheng et al. 2007
EMC Paper recycling WW 672 Huang & Logan 2008
EMC Organic WW 899 Shimoyama et al. 2008
EMC Leachate 3600 Rabaey et al. 2003
EMC, Enriched microbial consortium
Microbes on electrode
28°C
-First thermophilic mediatorless MFC -Maximum power density ~1,030 mW/m2
-% COD removal ~47% -Coulombic efficiency ~ 80%
60°C
Jong et al., 2006, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006 40:6449-6454.
-POME -Maximum power density ~ 622 mW/m2 -% COD removal ~ 23% -Cuolombic efficiency ~ 32% Jong et al., 2009, 2nd Int. MFC Conf., Korea.
28°C
-Maximum power density ~ 1,860 mW/m2 -% COD removal ~ 60% -Cuolombic efficiency ~ 26%
Biomass
Hazardous
20
Nano-sized Alpha and Gamma alumina from
Non-Radioactive Schedule Waste
Applications:
•Thermal insulating
material – refractory,
insulator , spark plug,
electrical, ceramic
•Electronic packaging
material
•Structural – polishing,
cutting tools, bullet proof
vest
•Catalyst balls , water filter Catalyst balls Heat barrier
Hazardous
21
Radioactive Mineral
Recover Uranium and Thorium
Value-added advanced material
Treatment
Radioactive Waste
Treatment
Product with low radioactivity
Stable form with lower waste volume
RESEARCH APPROACH
Radioactive
22
Nanoanatase and
nanorutile in powder form
Paint form Ilmenite Mineral
Nanoanatase and nanorutile
powder from local radioactive mineral
Photodegradation
Applications:
-waste water treatment
-Organic waste (POME)
-Radioactive organic
waste
-SOx , NOx,
formaldehyde, VOC
gases
-Smokes
-Anti-bacteria
-Anti-fungal
-Self-cleaning
Radioactive
23
Titaniate Nanowire from Local Rutile Mineral
•Nanowire is more efficient than powder due to its
larger surface area
•This innovative process is superior than existing
method s as it requires shorter fabrication time,
used smaller amount of alkaline and does not
required high pressure
Rutile mineral Titanate nanowire 20,000 X magnification
under Electron
Microscope
Applications:
-Hydrogen production
-Sensor
-Electrode
-Solar panel
Radioactive
24
Vitrified low radioactivity brick
from TENORM waste
•Cheap brick formulation made from local red
clay
•Brick can be used in outdoor such as pavers,
walls, garden, etc
•Possible NORM waste that can be used
includes radioactive oil sludge waste from oil
and gas industry, radioactive iron gypsum
waste from Lynas, etc.
•Lynas had expressed interest in using this
technology for bricks and road sub-basement
material
•Properties of this brick includes:
a. Radioactivity level diluted to background
b. Leaching test using ISO 6961 method
shows no radionuclide leach out after 2
years of leaching
c. Compress strength of 4 times that of
commercial clay brick Vitrified bricks from oil sludge waste
Local oil sludge waste
Radioactive
25
Solidification of radioactive Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA)
waste from ARE plant
• The closure of the ARE plant in 1994, resulted to the DEHPA classified as a radioactive waste.
• Problem: Long term storage in liquid form is difficult
Total waste volume: 31500 m3
Final solid waste form identified as apatite that low solubility in water
Reduce waste volume (25% less)
Easy long term storage of solid waste form
Radioactive
26
• Present of radioactive amang dump due to the present of radioactive and other impurities
• After treatment a cleaner zircon mineral is obtained
• This due to removal Uranium, Thorium as well as iron (Fe)
• Results to reusable of radioactive mineral dumps
• Recovery of Uranium and Thorium for nuclear fuel
Before treatment,
Contains 2400 ppm Uranium &Thorium
After treatment
Contains non detectable radioactivity and iron
Glaze test
Opacifier test
Zircon Dump
Treatment of Radioactive Contaminated Zircon
Radioactive
Long Lived Fission Fragments
(Tc-99, I-129, Cs-135, Sn-126..)
Nuclear
?????
Nuclear
Vertical deposition Horizontal
deposition
Canister
Bentonite
Backfill
Canister
Bentonite
Hostrock
Hostrock
Nuclear
What is Transmutation by
Fission?
n Xe-130
I-129
I-130
Non-Radioactive Neutron Capture
β Beta Particle Energy
Nuclear
Nuclear
Nuclear
Public Acceptance e.g Broga, Lynas Technology Up-Scaling and
Commercialization e.g Semenyih RDF Plant, Benchmarking local technology and cost
Advance Technology – High Investment Cost
e.g Transmuter MYRRHA Excellent and Adequate Human Resource e.g
Malaysia vs Korea, MYRRHA
KUANTAN, May 11 — The police said today they will take stern action
against any group that stirs up trouble against the Lynas rare earths
refinery being built in Gebeng.
The Australian miner had won a RM700 million deal to build the rare earth
processing plant here in 2007, but recent reports over Japan’s nuclear
crisis caused by a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami triggered fears
of radiation leaks along with other health and environmental concerns
among residents here and green groups nationwide.
Pahang Development Corporation (PKPN) and the Atomic Energy
Licensing Board (AELB) have been going down to the ground to hold a
series of public talks on the Lynas project, but to little effect.
The Sydney-based company has said it is on track to fire up the plant in
September.
Pahang police chief Datuk Saifuddin Ab Ghani was reported saying his
men were monitoring protest programmes, demonstrations and lectures
organised in relation to the controversial Gebeng facility.
“I ask all quarters to abide by the law and not create any nonsense,” state
news agency Bernama cited Saifuddin as saying today.
BERNAMA.Com
Nuklear Malaysia – besides developing nuclear technologies is also involved in developing technologies and innovations to resolve other non-radioactive waste
R&D Positions taken - Availability of expertise, the “vacuum” in the local technologies, Benchmarking Local Technologies, fusion between the radioactive and non-radioactive waste
Some success stories, challenges and lessons learnt are reported e.g Public Acceptance, Up-Scaling R&D and Commercialization, Funding High Tech, HRD.
More Challenging is nuclear waste
The Most Challenging Issue Perhaps!
