daftar isi halaman pengesahan ii berita acara iii iv v ...repository.unissula.ac.id/10334/4/daftar...

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMANaJUDUL .............................................................................................. i

HALAMANaPENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii

BERITAaACARA ................................................................................................ iii

MOTTOa ............................................................................................................... iv

PERSEMBAHANa ................................................................................................. v

KATAaPENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAKa ........................................................................................................... ix

DAFTARaISI ....................................................................................................... xi

DAFTARaGAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiv

DAFTARaTABEL ............................................................................................ xvii

DAFTARaNOTASI ............................................................................................ xix

DAFTARaLAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xxiv

BABaIaPENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1

1.1. LataraBelakang ............................................................................................. 1

1.2. RumusanaMasalah ........................................................................................ 3

1.3. MaksudadanaTujuan ..................................................................................... 3

1.4. BatasanaMasalah .......................................................................................... 4

1.5. SistematikaaPenulisana ................................................................................. 4

BABaII TINJAUANaPUSTAKA ........................................................................... 6

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................ 6

2.2. Sistem Struktur ............................................................................................. 9

2.3. Beban Perencanaan Struktur ...................................................................... 12

2.3.1 BebanaMati .............................................................................. 12

2.3.2 BebanaHidup............................................................................ 15

2.3.3 BebanaGempa .......................................................................... 19

2.3.4 Kombinasi Pembebanan .......................................................... 22

2.3.5 Pushover Analisis .................................................................... 23

2.4. Desain Gempaa ........................................................................................... 24

2.5. Perencanaan Struktur Bawah (Sub Structure) ............................................ 42

2.6. Perencanaan Struktur Atas (Upper Structure) ........................................... 43

BABaIIIaMETODOLOGI .................................................................................... 54

3.1. Pendahuluana .............................................................................................. 54

3.2. LangkahaUmum PerencanaanaStruktur ...................................................... 54

3.2.1. PengumpulanaData ............................................................................ 54

3.2.2. PemodelanaStruktur ......................................................................... 55

3.2.3. PerhitunganaPembebanana ............................................................... 55

3.3. AnalisaaStruktur denganaProgram ETABSa2016 ....................................... 56

3.3.1. TahapanaPerencanaan Strukturadengan ETABSa2016 .................... 56

3.3.2. DesainaSkematik .............................................................................. 57

3.3.3. PerhitunganaBebanaStruktur ............................................................ 57

3.3.4. AnalisaaStruktur ............................................................................... 58

3.3.5. DesainaStruktur ................................................................................ 59

BAB IVaHASIL DANaPEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 62

4.1. Pemodelana ............................................................................................... 62

4.1.1. DataaBangunan ................................................................................ 62

4.1.2. Pemodelanapada ETABSa2016 ........................................................ 66

4.2. PerhitunganaBeban Gempaa ...................................................................... 67

4.2.1. FaktoraKeutamaan Gedunga (I) ........................................................ 67

4.2.2. FaktoraReduksi Gempaa ................................................................... 67

4.2.3. PenentuanaJenis Tanaha ................................................................... 68

4.2.4. ResponaSpektrum Desaina ............................................................... 68

4.2.5. PeriodeaFundamental Pendekatana .................................................. 70

4.2.6. KoefisienaRespons Seismika ............................................................ 71

4.3. Pembebanana ............................................................................................ 72

4.3.1. PembebananaPelat Lantaia ............................................................... 72

4.3.2. KombinasiaPembebanan .................................................................. 74

4.4. Input Data dan Run Analisis Program ...................................................... 75

4.5. Hasil Analisis Dinamik ETABS 2016 ...................................................... 75

4.5.1. PeriodeaGetar AlamiaStruktur .......................................................... 75

4.5.2. Translasi ........................................................................................... 76

4.6. HasilaKontrolStrukturaGedung77 .................................................................

4.6.1. Perbandingan GayaGempaaStatik Ekivalen dengan ResonsaSpektrum

4.6.2. EvaluasiaBebanaGempa ................................................................... 84

4.6.3. KontrolaKinerja BatasaLayan StrukturaGedung............................... 84

4.6.4. KontrolaKinerja BatasaUltimit StrukturaGedung ............................. 85

4.6.5. KontrolaPartisipasiaMassa ................................................................ 87

4.7. PerbandinganaDisplacement ..................................................................... 87

4.8. DesainaKapasitas ....................................................................................... 92

4.8.1. Perhitungan Kapasitas Desain Balok ............................................... 92

4.8.1.1 Tulangan Lentur Balok ............................................................ 92

4.8.1.2 Penulangan Geser .................................................................. 108

4.8.2. Perhitungan Kapasitas Desain Kolom ............................................ 118

4.8.2.1 Tulangan Lentur Kolom ........................................................ 118

4.9. Analisa Pushover .................................................................................... 126

4.10. Skema Distribusi Sendi Plastis ............................................................ 130

BAB V PENUTUP ................................................................................................ 86

5.1 Kesimpulan7- .......................................................................................... 86

5.2 Saran7- .................................................................................................... 87

DAFTAR7PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 88

LAMPIRAN7- ...................................................................................................... 89

DAFTAR9GAMBAR

Gambar92.1 Beberapa-Konfigurasi Open-Frame .................................................... 10

Gambar92.2 Konfigurasi-Portal-Dinding .................................................................. 11

Gambar92.3 Konfigurasi-Perletakan Dinding-Geser............................................... 12

Gambar92.4 Peta Wilayah Gempa-Indonesia-Menurut SNI-1726-2002 .............. 20

Gambar92.5 Peta Wilayah Gempa Indonesia Berdasarkan Parameter SS ............. 21

Gambar92.6 Peta Wilayah Gempa Indonesia Berdasarkan Parameter SS ............ 22

Gambar92.7 Spektrum-Respons-Desain ............................................................... 29

Gambar92.8 Pengaturan-Tulangan Pada-Pelat ..................................................... 41

Gambar92.9 Gaya-lintang rencana-untuk SPRMK .............................................. 42

Gambar92.10 Penampang-Balok .......................................................................... 50

Gambar92.11 Diagram-regangan dan-gaya-gaya dalam-Balok ........................... 52

Gambar93.1 Diagram-Alir Perencanaan Umum-Struktur Gedung- ..................... 61

Gambar94.1 Bentuk 3D Struktur Gedung MIPA UNS dengan Shear Wall ......... 66

Gambar94.2 Bentuk 3D Struktur Gedung MIPA UNS tanpa Shear Wall ........... 67

Gambar94.3 Grafik-Respon spektra-Puskim Semarang- ..................................... 68

Gambar94.4 Input-Respon Spektra-SNI 03-1726-2012-...................................... 70

Gambar94.5 Interpolasi-Linier Nilai-k ..................................................................... 77

Gambar94.6 Perbandingan-Gaya Geser Antar-Lantai Arah-X .............................. 83

Gambar94.7 Perbandingan-Gaya Geser-Antar Lantai-Arah Y .............................. 83

Gambar94.8 Displacement Gedung Dengan Shear Wall ........................................ 88

Gambar94.9 Displacement Gedung Tanpa Shear Wall ........................................... 89

Gambar94.10 Selisih Perbandingan Displacement (mm) ....................................... 90

Gambar94.11 Selisih Perbandingan Desplacement (%) .......................................... 91

Gambar94.12 Portal Balok G1a (40x80) pada As C .............................................. 100

Gambar94.13 Portal Balok G2a (40x70), G3a (40x50), dan G5a (30x50)

pada As 3 ............................................................................................. 101

Gambar94.14 Diagram Gaya Geser ......................................................................... 108

Gambar94.15 Hasil-Penulangan Balok-G1a (40x80) - ......................................... 116

Gambar94.16 Hasil Penulangan-Balok G1a-(40x80) - ......................................... 116

Gambar94.17 Hasil-Penulangan Balok-G1a (40x80) - ......................................... 117

Gambar94.18 Hasil-Penulangan Balok-G1a- (40x80) .......................................... 117

Gambar94.19 Balok-Yang Menumpu-Kolom AS-2’D Pada-Sumbu X-dan-Y . 119

Gambar94.20 Diagram Interaksi-Kolom Desain- (Hasil Perhitungan-Dengan

Menggunakan PCA-COL) ................................................................. 121

Gambar94.21 Output PCA-Colomn ......................................................................... 122

Gambar94.23 Pengecekan-Kolom-AS2’D’ lt.Dasar-lt.2-Dengan-Diagram

Interaksi-PCA-C ................................................................................. 124

Gambar94.24 Load-Case push-X Untuk-Beban Arah X ....................................... 126

Gambar94.25 Load-Case push-Y Untuk Beban-Arah-Y ....................................... 127

Gambar94.26 Kurva-Kapasitas Arah-X .................................................................. 127

Gambar94.27 Kurva-Kapasitas Arah-Y .................................................................. 128

Gambar94.28 KurvavPlot Sa-Sd-FEMA 440 EquivalentLinearization,Push X 128

Gambar94.29 Kurva Plot Sa-Sd FEMA 440 EquivalentLinearization, -Push Y 129

Gambar94.30 Skema-Sendi Pada-Step 1 ................................................................. 131

Gambar94.31 Skema9Sendi Pada9Step 2 ............................................................... 132

Gambar94.32 Penentuan-Kinerja Struktur-Pada Step-2 ........................................ 132

Gambar94.33 Skema9Sendi-Pada9Step-5............................................................... 133

Gambar94.34 Penentuan9Kinerja Struktur9Pada Step-5 ...................................... 133


Gambar94.36 Penentuan9Kinerja Struktur Pada9Step 7 ...................................... 134

Gambar94.37 Skema9Sendi Pada9Step-9 ............................................................... 135

Gambar94.38 Penentuan9Kinerja Struktur9Pada Step 9- ..................................... 135






Gambar94.44 Skema9Sendi Pada9Step-10 ............................................................. 139

Gambar94.45 Penentuan9Kinerja Struktur9Pada Step-10 .................................... 140

Gambar94.46 Skema9Sendi Pada9Step 10 ............................................................. 140

Gambar94.47 Penentuan9Kinerja Struktur9Pada Step-11 .................................... 141

DAFTAR NOTASI

As9 =-luas9tulangan9tarik_(mm2); luas9selimut_tiang9 (cm2)

A’s9 =-luas_tulangan9tekan_(mm2) 9-

b9 =-lebar9penampang-balok9 (mm) -

bw9 =-lebar9badan-atau9diameter penampang9lingkaran (mm) -

Ca9 = 9koefisien_akselerasi9

Cd9 = 9faktor_pembesaran9deflaksi

CP =9Collapse9Pervention-

Cs9 =9koefisien_respons9seismik_kohesi9undrained_(ton/m2) -

Ct9 =9koefisien_rangka9beton-pemikul9momen-

Cu9 =9koefisien_untuk9batas atas9pada perioda yang9dihitung

CV9 =9koefisien_respon9gempa_vertikal

D9 =9diameter-tiang9 (cm)

DF9 =9faktor distribusi9momen di bagian9atas dan bawah9kolom

yang_didesain9

DL9 =-dead_load9 (beban-mati)

𝐷𝑡9 =-displesment9total-

D19 =-displesment9pertama-

d9 =9tinggi efektif9pelat; jarak9dari_serat tekan9terluar ke_pusat

tulangan9tarik (mm); - diameter9tiang- (cm)

E9 =9pengaruh_beban9gempa-

𝐸𝐶9 =9modulus_elastisitas9beton (Mpa) -

𝐸𝑔9 =9efisiensi_kelompok9tiang-

𝐸ℎ9 =9pengaruh_beban gempa9horizontal

𝐸𝑆9 =9modulus_elastisitas9tulangan- (MPa)

𝐸𝑉9 =9pengaruh_beban9gempa_vertikal-

F9 =9gaya lateral9ekivalen-

𝐹𝛼9 =9koefisian_situs9untuk-periode pendek9 (pada-periode 0,2 -

detik) 9

𝐹𝑆9 =9faktor_keamanan_=92,5

𝐹𝑆𝐶99 = local-friction9 (kg/𝑐𝑚2) -

FV 9 =-koefisien9situs untuk-perioda9panjang_(pada9perioda-1

detik) 9

ƒs 9 = tahanan9selimut sepanjang9tiang (kg/cm2) -

ƒy 9 =-tegangan9leleh profil9baja- (MPa)

ƒ’c 9 =-kuat9teka-_karakteristik9beton (MPa)

hc9 99 = lebar9penampang_inti9beton (yang9terkekang) (mm) -

hx9 = spasi9horisontal maksimum9untuk kaki sengkang9tertutup

atau9sengkang_ikat9pada_muka9kolom

I9 =9faktor_keutamaan9struktur-

IO9 =9Immediate_Occupancy9-

J9 =9koefisien_lengan9momen-

k9 =9faktor_panjang9efektif-

kc9 =9faktor_tahanan9ujung

LL9 =-live9load (beban9hidup)

LS9 =9Life_Safety9-

ln9 =9panjang_sisi9terpanjang

lo9 =9panjang_minimum9-

𝑀𝐶𝐸𝑅9 =9spectrum_respons9gempa-maksimum9yang_dipertimbangkan

resiko-tertarget9

𝑀𝑛𝑏9 =9kekuatan lentur9nominal-balok_9termasuk9pelat-bilamana

tertarik, yang9merangkap ke_dalam9joint

𝑀𝑛𝑐9 =9kekuatan lentur9nominal kolom_yang9merangka_ke dalam

joint, 9yang_dihitung untuk gaya9aksial terfaktor,_koefisien

dengan arah9gaya lateral_yang9ditinjau, yang9menghasilkan

kuat lentur9terendah

𝑀𝑛9 =9kuat-momen9nominal pada9penampang9 (KN-m)

𝑀𝑝𝑟9 =9momen_lentur9dari suatu-komponen9struktur_dengan9atau

tanpa beban9aksial, yang_ditentukan-menggunakan9sifat-sifat

komponen-struktur pada_joint9dengan_menganggap9kuat-

tarik pada tulangan9longitudinal-sebesar_minimum

𝑀𝑢9 =9momen yang_terjadi pada9penampang

Mx9 =9momen_arah9x (ton.m)

My9 =9momen_arah-y9 (ton.m)

m9 =9jumlah_lapisan9tanah-yang_ada9di atas-tanah dasar;_jumlah

tiang-dalam_1 kolom

n9 = jumlah9lantai gedung9

n9 =-jumlah9tingkat gedung; jumlah9tiang dalam 1_baris;

banyaknya_tiang pancang9

nx9 = banyaknya9tiang dalam9satu baris_arah y

ny9 = banyaknya9tiang dalam_satu baris_arah x

p9 =-keliling9tiang (cm)

P ijin9=9P all =9daya_dukung vertikal-yang9diijinkan untuk_sebuah9tiang

tunggal_(ton) 9-

P9maks9 = beban9maksimum yang9diterima 1_tiang (ton) -

Pn9 =-kuat_nominal9penampang_yang9mengalami-tekan (N)

P9tiang =9daya_dukung9tiang_pancang9 (ton) -

Pu9 =9kuat_beban aksial_terfaktor9pada_eksentrisitas9tertentu- (N)

Q9all =-nilai9daya-dukung9tanah (ton) 9

QE9 =-pengaruh9gaya seismik9horisontal dari_V

QP9 =-tahanan9ujung selimut9tiang (kg)

QS9 =-tahanan9geser-selimut9tiang- (kg)

Qult9 =-daya9dukung-pondasi9tiang-pancang (ton)

𝑞𝑐9 =-tahanan9konus-pada ujung9tiang- (kg/𝑐𝑚2)

𝑞𝑐𝑏9 = conus-resistence rata-rata91,5D di-bawah ujung9tiang

(N/𝑚𝑚2) -

𝑞𝑐𝑢9 = conus9resistence rata-rata-1,5D di9atas ujung9tiang (N/𝑚𝑚2)

𝑅9 =-faktor9reduksi-gempa;_ragius9girrasi-

𝑅𝑋9 =-resultan9gaya arah9x

𝑅𝑌9 = resultan9gaya arah9y

𝑆𝛼9 =-spectrum-respons9percepatan-disain

𝑆𝐷𝑠9 = percepatan9respons spektral-percepatan9disain-pada9periode

pendek

𝑆𝐷19 = percepatan9respons spektral9percepatan disain pada9periode 1

detik

𝑆𝑀𝑠9 = percepatan9sectrum respons9spektral percepatan9disain pada

periode-pendek

𝑆𝑀19 =-percepatan9sectrum-respons9spektral percepatan-disain pada

periode-1-detik-

Ss9 = percepatan9batuan dasar-pad9-periode-pendek

sx9 = spasi9longitudinal tulangan9transvesal-dalam panjang9l0

S19 = percepatan-batuan dasar-pada-perioda-1 detik-

s9 =-jarak-antar-tiang-(cm)

Ta9 =-periode_getar fundamental-struktur

T9eff =-waktu getar-gedung efektif- (dt)

ti9 =-tebal-lapisan-tanah-ke – i

V9 =-gaya-lateral- (kg)

Vt9 =-beban-gempa-dasar-nominal-

Ve9 = gaya-geser-rencana-

Vn9 = kuat-geser nominal-penampang (N) -

Vs9 =-kecepatan-rambat-gelombang-geser melalui-lapisan tanah-ke-

i; kuat-geser nominal-yang disumbangkan-oleh tulangan-geser-

(N)

𝑉𝑠𝑤𝑎𝑦9 =-gaya-geser rencana-berdasarkan momen-kapasitas-pada-balok

𝑉𝑢9 =-gaya-geser terfaktor-penampang (N) -

𝑉𝑥9 =-beban-gempa arah-x

𝑉𝑦9 =-beban-gempa-arah-y

𝑊9 =9berat-lantai9-

𝑊𝑡9 =9berat-total9struktur-

x9 =9absis-tiang ke9pusat-koordinat9penampang-(m) -

y9 =-ordinat-tiang9ke-pusat-koordinat9penampang-(m) -

α9 (alpha) =-faktor-adhesi9antara-tanah dan9tiang-

Beff9 = indeks-kepercayaan-efektif9

β19 = 0,85-untuk f’c ≤ 30 Mpa9

βc9 = sisi-panjang-kolom /9sisi-pendek-kolom

δe9 (delta e) =-deformasi-elastis9

δp9 =-deformasi9plastis-

δm9 =-simpangan9maksimum-

δxe9 = defleksi-pada9lokasi yang--disyaratkan dan-ditentukan sesuai

dengan analis9elastis-

δy9 =-pelelehan9pertama-

ρ9 (rho) =-rasio-tulangan, 9faktor-redundasi_untuk desain-seismik

ρb9 = rasio-tulangan yang-memberikan-kondisi-regangan-seimbang

ρg9 = rasio-penulangan total-terhadap luas penampang-kolom

ρ9min =-rasio penulangan-minimum-

ρ9maks =-rasio penulangan-maksimum-

σb9 (sigma b) = tegangan-ijin-beton (MPa) -

σ9pons = tegangan-geser-pons pada pile-cap (kg/cm2)

Ø9 (phi) =-faktor reduksi-lentur-

λ9 =-angka-kelangsingan-

ψ9 (psi) =-koefisien-pengali dari-percepatan-puncak muka-tanah9

(termasuk-faktor9keutamaannya) -untuk-mendapatkan9faktor

respons-gempa vertikal, bergantung-pada Wilayah-Gempa.

∑Mc9 =-jumlah9Mn kolom-yang9bertemu-di joint-balok-kolom.

∑Mg9 =-jumlah9Mn balok-yang9bertemu-di joint9balok-kolom.

∑Pv9 =-jumlah9beban vertikal-9 (ton)

∑x29 =-jumlah9kuadrat jarak9arah x (ordinat-ordinat) 9tiang (m)

∑y29 =-jumlah9kuadrat-jarak9arah y- (absis-absis) 9tiang (m)

Δ19 =-interval9lapisan- (m)

DAFTAR-LAMIRAN

LAMPIRAN6A-=6SURAT6–6SURAT

LAMPIRAN6B-= HASIL OUTPUT ETABS

LAMPIRAN C = GAMBAR STRUKTU

daftar isi halaman pengesahan ii berita acara iii iv v ...repository.unissula.ac.id/10334/4/daftar...

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