vii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii

PRAKATA....................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xii

INTISARI......................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang ....................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................. 4

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................... 4

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ............................................................ 4

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus........................................................... 4

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................. 4

1.4.1. Teoritis ....................................................................... 4

1.4.2. Praktis......................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1. Bakteriuria.............................................................................. 6

2.1.1. Definisi ....................................................................... 6

viii

2.1.2. Etiologi ....................................................................... 6

2.1.3. Patogenesis ................................................................. 7

2.1.4. Presentasi Klinis ISK ................................................. 8

2.15. Prinsip Umum Penatalaksanaan ................................. 9

2.2. Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Bakteriuria.................................... 10

2.2.1. Host ............................................................................ 10

2.2.1.1. Usia .............................................................. 11

2.2.1.2. Jenis Kelamin............................................... 12

2.2.1.3. Komorbiditas................................................ 12

2.2.1.3.1. Tidak Trauma............................... 13

2.2.1.3.1.1. Diabetes Mellitus ...... 13

2.2.1.3.2. Gagal Ginjal Kronik . 15

2.2.1.3.3. Stroke........................ 16

2.2.1.3.2. Trauma......................................... 16

2.2.2. Lama Perawatan ......................................................... 20

2.2.3. Pemasangan Kateter ................................................... 20

2.2.4. Terapi Antibiotik ........................................................ 22

2.3. Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik...................................................... 25

2.4. Ruang ICU ............................................................................. 26

2.5. Kerangka Teori....................................................................... 28

2.6. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................... 29

2.7. Hipotesis................................................................................. 29

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BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian ............................ 30

3.1.1. Jenis Penelitian........................................................... 30

3.1.2. Rancangan Penelitian ................................................. 30

3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ......................................... 30

3.2.1. Variabel ...................................................................... 30

3.2.1.1. Variabel Bebas ............................................. 30

3.2.1.2. Variabel Terikat ........................................... 30

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional................................................... 30

3.2.2.1. Variabel Bebas ............................................. 30

3.2.2.2. Variabel tergantung...................................... 32

3.3. Populasi dan Sampel .............................................................. 32

3.3.1. Populasi ...................................................................... 32

3.3.2. Sampel ........................................................................ 33

3.4. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................... 35

3.5. Alur Penelitian ....................................................................... 36

3.6. Tempat dan Waktu ................................................................. 37

3.7. Analisis Hasil ......................................................................... 37

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1. Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................... 39

4.2. Pembahasan............................................................................ 43

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1. Simpulan ................................................................................ 48

5.2. Saran....................................................................................... 48

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 50