biology k123 johor spm trial 2011(w ans) p

7/27/2019 Biology K123 Johor SPM Trial 2011(w Ans) p

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Kertassoalaninimengandungi29halamanbercetak[Lihathalamansebelah]

4551/12011HakCiptaJPNJ SULITKertassoalanmplainterdapatdi:

www.myschoolchildren.com


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SULIT 2 4551/1

1. Diagram1showsanorganelle.Rajah1menunjukkansatuorganel.

Diagram1Rajah1

WhichofthefollowingcellpossesstheorganelleinDiagram1?Antarasel-selberikut,yangmanakahmengandungiorganeldalamRajah1?A Guardcell

SelpengawalB Musclecell

SelototC Epidermalcell

SelepidermisD Cheek cell

Selpipi2. Diagram2showsaunicellularorganism.

Rajah2menunjukkansatuorganismaunisel


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Rajah2Whichofthefollowingprocessfacilitatesthemovementofwaterintothecell?

Antaraprosesberikut,yangmanakahmempercepatkanpergerakanairkedalamseltersebut?




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SULIT 3 4551/1

A OsmosisOsmosis

I II

HydrophilicheadKepalahidrofilik HydophobictailEkorhidrofobikHydophobichead

Kepalahidrofobik HydrophilictailEkorhidrofilikPolarheadKepalaberkutub PolartailEkorberkutub

Non-polarheadKepalatidakberkutub Non-polartailEkortidakberkutub


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D

C

B

A

ResapanRingkasD FacillitatedDiffusion

ResapanRingkas

3. Diagram3showspartofaplasmamembrane.Rajah3menunjukkansebahagiandaripadamembranplasma.

Diagram3Rajah3

WhatarethepartslabeledIandII?ApakahbahagianberlabelIdanII?

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SULIT 5 4551/1

WhatarethefoodclassesofPandQ?ApakahkelasmakananbagimolekulPdanQ?

A

B

C

D

6. Whichtypeofcarbohydrateisfoundinabundanceinlivercells?Apakahjeniskarbohidratyangbanyakdijumpaidalamselhati?A Starch

Kanji

B SucroseSukrosaC Glycogen

Glikogen

D GlucoseGlukosa

7. Whichofthefollowingenzymeissynthesisedinpancrease?Yangmanakahantaraenzimberikutdisintesisdipankreas?A Sucrase

SukraseB Pepsin

Pepsin

P Q

ProteinProtein

LipidLipid

CarbohydrateKarbohidrat

ProteinProtein

LipidLipid


ProteinProtein



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8 Whichofthefollowingcelldoesnotcarryoutmitosis?Yangmanakahantaraselberikuttidakmenjalankanprosesmitosis?A Skincells

Sel-selkulitB Hair cells

Sel-selrambutC Finger nailcells

Sel-selkukuD Redbloodcells

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Kertassoalanmplainterdapatdi:



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SULIT 6 4551/1

Seldarahmerah9 Thefollowingstatementreferstoaprocessindigestion.

Pernyataanberikutmerujukpadasatuprosesdalampencernaan.

Aprocessofutilizationofdigestednutrienttoformcomplexcompounds.Prosespenggunaannutrienuntukmembentuksebatiankompleks.

Whatistheprocess?Apakahprosestersebut?A Assimilation

Asimilasi

B AbsorptionPenyerapan

C DeaminationDeaminasi

D DefaecationPenyahtinjaan

10 Diagram6showsaruminantdigestivesystem.

WhichofthepartP,Q,RandSisthetruestomachoftheruminant?Rajah6menunjukkansistempencernaanhaiwanruminan.YangmanakahantarabahagianyangberlabelP,Q,RandSmerupakanper

ut

sebenarhaiwanruminan?

P

R

Q S

Diagram6Rajah6


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SULIT 7 4551/1

11 Diagram7showsthehumandigestivesystem.Rajah7menunjukkansistempencernaanmanusia.

Diagram7Rajah7

WhichofthepartlabelledA,B,CandDisthesitewheredeaminationtakesplace?YangmanakahantarabahagianberlabelA,B,CdanDmerupakantem

pat

berlakunyadeaminasi?12 Diagram8showsthestructureforgaseousexchangeinhumans.

Rajah8menunjukkanstrukturuntukpertukarangasmanusia.

Diagram8Rajah8


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SentiasalembabII Thinandpermeable

NipisdantelapIII Hasalargesurfacearea

MempunyailuaspermukanyangbesarIV Completewithmainbloodvessel

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SULIT 8 4551/1

LengkapdengansalurdarahutamaA I d III l

P Q R

SkinKulit

TracheolesTrakeol

AlveolusAlveolus

AlveolusAlveolus

SkinKulit

TracheolesTrakeol

AlveolusAlveolus

TracheolesTrakeol

SkinKulit

TracheolesTrakeol

AlveolusAlveolus

SkinKulit


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D

C

B

A

C IIIandIVonlyIIIdanIVsahaja

D I,IIandIIIonlyI,II,danIIIsahaja

13 Diagram9showsthreedifferenttypesoforganisms.Rajah9menunjukkantigajenisorganismayangberbeza.

P Q R

Diagram9Rajah9

Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectrespiratorysurfaceoftheorganisms?Manakahantaraberikutmenunjukkanpermukaanpernafasanyangbetuluntuk

organismatersebut?


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Zone1Zon1 Zone2Zon2 Zone3Zon3

Rhizophorasp Bruguierasp AvicenniaspandSonneratiasp

AvicenniaspdanSonneratiasp

Bruguierasp AvicenniaspandSonneratiasp


Rhizophorasp

AvicenniaspandSonneratiaspAvicenniaspdanSonneratiasp

Rhizophorasp Bruguierasp

AvicenniaspandSonneratiasp


Bruguierasp Rhizophorasp


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Rajah10menunjukkanprofilhutanpayabakau.

HightideAirpasang

LowtideAirsurut

Muddyshorewithoutplant

Zone1Zon1 Zone2Zon2 Zone3Zon3

Tebinglumpurtanpatumbuh-tumbuhan

Diagram10Rajah10

Whatarethedominantspeciesfoundineachzone?Apakahspesiesdominanyangterdapatdisetiapzonini?

A

B

C

D


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Numberofanimals

Bilangianhaiwan

SULIT 10 4551/1

15 Diagram11showsagraphofthechangesinthepopulationofowlandratinacommunity.

Rajah11menunjukkansatugrafperubahanpopulasiburunghantudantikusdalamsatukomuniti.

Owl/BurunghantuRat/Tikus

Time/MasaDiagram11Rajah11

Whatisthetypeofinteractionisshownbythegraph?Apakahjenisinteraksiyangditunjukkanolehgraftersebut?

A Commensal-hostrelationshipPerhubungankomensal-perumahB Parasite-hostrelationship

Perhubunganparasit-perumahC Prey-predator-relationship

Perhubunganmangsa-pemangsaD Epiphyte-epizoitrelationship

Perhubunganepifit-epizoit

16 Whichofthefollowingisthemaincauseofacidrain?AntarayangberikutyangmanakahpuncautamahujanasidA Carbondioxide

KarbondioksidaB Sulphur dioxide

SulfurdioksidaC Carbonmonoxide

KarbonmonoksidaD ChlorofluorocarbonsKloroflorokarbon


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SULIT 11 4551/1

17 Diagram12showsacrosssectionofayoungdicotyledonrootconsistingofafewmaintissues.

Rajah12menunjukkankeratanrentasakarmudapokokdikotiledonyangterdiridaripadabeberapatisuutama.

M

Diagram12Rajah12

WhatisM?ApakahM?A Phloem

Floem

B XylemXilem

C CortexKorteks

D CambiumKambium

18 Whichofthefollowingsubstancescausesprothrombintochangetothrombin?

Yangmanakahantarabahanberikutmenyebabkanprotrombinbertukarkepadatrombin?A VitaminK

VitaminKB Thrombin

Trombin

C CalciumionIonkalsium

D ThrombokinaseTrombokinase

19 Whichtypeofimmunityisobtainedbyinjectingantiserumintothebody?Apakahjeniskeimunanyangakandiperolehdenganmenyuntikantiserumkedalambadan?

A ArtificiallyacquiredpassiveimmunityKeimunanpasifbuatan

B NaturallyacquiredpassiveimmunityKeimunanpasifsemulajadi

C ArtificiallyacquiredactiveimmunityKeimunanaktifbuatan

D NaturallyacquiredactiveimmunityKeimunanaktifsemulajadi


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SULIT 12 4551/1

20 Whatarethefunctionsofthehumanskeleton?Apakahfungsi-fungsirangkamanusia?

I SupportthebodyMenyokongbadan

II For locomotionUntukpergerakan

III ProducesbloodcellsMenghasilkanseldarah

IV ProtectstheinternalorganssuchasheartandlungsMelindungiorgandalamansepertijantungdanpeparu.

A IandIIonly

B IIIandIVonlyC I,IIandIVonlyD I,II,IIIandIV

21 Diagram13showsahumanlumbarvertebrae.Rajah13menunjukkansatuvertebralumbarmanusia.

Diagram13Rajah13

WhatisthefunctionofXandY?ApakahfungsiXdanY?A Protectionforspinalcord

PerlindunganbagisaraftunjangB Surfacesformuscleattachment

PermukaanuntukpelekatanototC SurfacesforvertebraljointsPermukaanuntuksendivertebraD Surfaces for rib articulation


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SULIT 13 4551/1

22 Diagram14showsthegrowthcurveofaninsect.Rajah14menunjukkanlengkungpertumbuhanseekorserangga.

Bodylength(cm)Panjangbadan(sm)

XTime(days)

Masa(hari)

Diagram14Rajah14

WhatisstageX?ApakahperingkatXA Ecdysis

Ekdisis

B AdultDewasa

C NymphNimfa

D Instar Instar

23 Thefollowingstatementisaboutamethodofcontraceptioninfemales.Pernyataanberikutadalahtentangsatukaedahpencegahankehamilanpadawanita.

Aplastic-coatedcoppercoil


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Preventsimplantationoftheembryointheuterinewall

Menghalangpenempelanembriopadadindinguterus




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SULIT 14 4551/1

Whatisthemethodused?

HormoneJHormonJ HormoneKHormonKOestrogenEstrogen

ProgesteroneProgesteron


OestrogenEstrogen

ProgesteroneProgesteron GonadotrophineReleasingHormone(GnRH)HormonPerembesGonadotrof

(GnRH)

GonadotrophineReleasingHormone(GnRH)

HormonPerembesGonadotrof(GnRH)



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B DiaphragmDiafragma

C IntrauterineDevice(IUD)Alatkontraseptifdalamrahim(IUD)

D FemalecondomKondomwanita

24 Thefollowingstatementisaboutthehormonesthatregulatethemenstrualcycle.

Pernyataanberikutadalahtentanghormon-hormonyangmengawalaturkitarhaid.

HormoneJStimulatestheanteriorpituitarytosecreteLHandFSH

HormonJMerangsangpituitaryanterioruntukmerembesLHdanFSH HormoneKAtlowlevel,causesthebreakdownofendometriumwalland

menstruationHormonKPadaparasyangrendah,menyebabkankeruntuhandindingendometriumdankedatanganhaid

WhatarehormonesJandK?ApakahhormonJdanK?


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D

C

B

A




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SULIT 15 4551/1

W X Y ZFoodstorage

Simpananmakanan TransportPengangkutan SupportSokongan TransportPengangkutanFoodstorage

Simpananmakanan TransportPengangkutan TransportPengangkutan SupportSokonganSupport

Sokongan

TransportPengangkutan


FoodstorageSimpanan

makanan


SupportSokongan

FoodstorageSimpanan

makanan

FoodstorageSimpanan

makanan


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D

C

B

A

MendelsFirstLawofInheritanceisalsoknownasLawofSegregation.HukumMendelPertamajugadikenalisebagaiHukumPengasinganBebas.

Basedonthestatement,whichstageofcelldivisionisinvolvedinthesegregationofalleles?Apakahperingkatpembahagianselyangterlibatdalampengasinganalel

A ProphaseIProfasaI

B MetaphasaIMetafasaI

C AnaphaseIAnafasaI

D TelophaseITelofasaI

26 Diagram15showsfourdifferenttypesofplanttissues.Rajah15menunjukkanempatjenistisutumbuhanyangberbeza.

W X Y Z

Diagram15Rajah15

Whatarethefunctionsofthetissues?Apakahfungsitisu-tisutersebut?


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SULIT 16 4551/1

27 Thefollowinginformationreferstoatypeoftissue.Berikutialahmaklumatmengenaisejenistisu.

Specialised to form hair-liked cells called cilia

Conditionofredbloodcell

Keadaanseldarahmerah

SolutionLarutan SaltsolutionMLarutangaramM SaltsolutionNLarutangaramN


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Merembeskanmucus

Whichofthefollowingorgansismadeupofthetissueabove?Yangmanakahantaraorgandibawahmengandungitisutersebut?A Heart

Jantung

B LungsPeparu

C SmallintestineUsuskecil

D TracheaTrakea

28 Diagram16showstheconditionofredbloodcellsampleswhichhavebeenplacedindifferentconcentrationofsaltsolutionsMandN.

Rajah16menunjukkankeadaansampelseldarahmerahyangtelahdiletakkandidalamkepekatanlarutangaramyangberbezaMdanN.

Diagram16Rajah16

WhatarethetypesofsolutionMandNcomparedtotheredbloodcells?ApakahjenislarutanMdanNberbandingdenganseldarahmerahtersebut?

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta JPNJ SULIT


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A

B

C

D

SULIT 17 4551/1

29 Thegraphshowstheresultofanexperimenttodeterminetheconcentrationofthecellsapofpotatotissues.Grafmenunjukkankeputusansatueksperimenuntukmenentukankepekatansap selubikentang.

SolutionMLarutanM SolutionNLarutanNHypotonicHipotonik

HypertonicHipertonik

IsotonicIsotonik

HypotonicHipotonik


IsotonicIsotonik


HypotonicHipotonik


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cellsapofpotatotissues?YangmanakahantaratitikA,B,CatauDmerupakankepekatanlarutansukros

a

yanghipertonikterhadapsapseltisuubikentang?30 Diagram17showsaprocessinastageofcelldivisioninaplant.

Rajah17menunjukkansatuprosesdalamperingkatpembahagianselpadatumbuhan.

Diagram17Rajah17





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SULIT 18 4551/1

Whichofthefollowingpartoftheplantdoesthisprocessoccur?Yangmanakahantarabahagiantumbuhanberikutprosesiniberlaku?A Anther

Anter

B LateralbudTunassisi

C CambiumKambium

D RoottipHujungakar

31 Whichstatementistrueaboutmeiosis?Kenyataanyangmanakahbenartentangmeiosis?A DNAreplicationoccurstwiceinmeiosis

ReplikasiDNAberlakuduakalidalammeiosisB Uncontrolledmeiosiscancauseadiseasenamedcancer

MeiosistidakterkawalbolehmenyebabkanpenyakitdinamakankanserC ThechromosomalbehaviourinmeiosisIisthesameasinmitosis

PerlakuankromosomdalammeiosisIsamasepertidalammitosisD SynapsisandcrossingovertakeplaceonlyinprophaseI

SinapsisdanpindahsilanghanyaberlakudalamprofasaI32 Diagram18showsthevariousstagesofmitosis.

Rajah18menunjukkanpelbagaiperingkatmitosis.

P Q R S

Diagram18Rajah18

Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectsequenceofthestages?Yang manakah antara berikut menunjukkan susunan peringkat yang betul?


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D PSQR




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SULIT 19 4551/1

AerobicRespirationRespirasiaerobik

AnaerobicRespirationRespirasianaerobikCarbondioxideandwater

Karbondioksidadanair EthanolEtanolCarbondioxideandwaterKarbondioksidadanair Lacticacidsidlaktik

Lacticacidsidlaktik EthanolEtanol

Lacticacidsidlaktik CarbondioxideandwaterKarbondioksidadanair


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P

Q

R

S

Table1Jadual1

Whicharethecorrectdifferences?Yangmanakahperbezaanyangbetul?A PandQonly

PdanQsahajaB PandRonly

PdanRsahajaC QandRonly

QdanRsahajaD QandSonly

QdanSsahaja

34 Whichofthefollowingareproductsofaerobicandanaerobicrespirationinthemusclecells?Antarayangberikutyangmanakahhasilrespirasiaerobikdananaerobikdidalamselotot?

A

B

C

D

[Lihat halaman sebelah]


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SULIT 20 4551/1

35 Whatisthemaincauseofeutrophication?Apakahpuncautamaeutrofikasi?

A BurningoffossilfuelsPembakaranbahanapifosil

B LeachingofexcessfertilizersLarutresaplebihanbajatakorganik

C ThinningofozonelayerPenipisanlapisamozon

D GreenhouseeffectKesanrumahhijau

36. Diagram19showsaconditionofstomata.Rajah19menunjukkansuatukeadaanstomata.

GuardcellsSelpengawal

Diagram19Rajah19

Whichofthefollowingmaycausethecondition?Yangmanakahantaraberikutmenyebabkankeadaantersebut?A Highlightintensity

KeamatancahayayangtinggiB Water enterstheguardcells

AirmasukkedalamselpengawalC Potassiumionleavestheguardcells

IonkaliummeninggalkanselpengawalD Highconcentrationofglucoseintheguardcells

Kepekatanglukosayangtinggididalamselpengawal


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SULIT 21 4551/1

37. Diagram20showsanelbowjoint.WhichofthepartslabeledA,B,CorDistoughandelastictissue?

Rajah20menunjukkansatusendisiku.YangmanakahantarabahagianberlabelA,B,CdanDialahtisuyangkuatdankenyal?

Diagram20Rajah2038

Ahaemodialysismachineisusedtoeliminateureafromthebloodofapersonwithdamagedkidney.

Mesinhaemodialisisdigunakanuntukmenyingkirkanureadaripadadarahseseorangyangmengalamikerosakanginjal.

Whichofthefollowingconditionenablestheprocess?Yangmanakahantarakeadaanberikutmembolehkanprosestersebutberlaku?A Concentrationofureainthebloodandinthedialysisfluidisthesame

Kepekatanureadidalamdarahadalahsamadengankepekatanureadidalamcecairdialysis

B Concentrationofwatermoleculesinthedialysisfluidishigherthanintheblood

Kepekatanmolekul

air

dalam

cecair

dialisis

lebih

tinggi

daripada

dalam

darah.

C Concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid is higher than in the blood


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cecairdialisis.





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SULIT 22 4551/1

39 Whichofthefollowingisthesimilaritybetweenthenervoussystemandthe

endocrinesystem?Yangmanakahantaraberikutmerupakanpersamaanantarasystemsarafdansistemendokrin?

A BothworkatthesamespeedKedua-duanyaberkerjapadakelajuanyangsama

B BothcoordinateresponsestowardsstimuliKedua-duanyamenyelarasgerakbalasterhadaprangsangan

C BothusebloodasthemediumoftransmissionKedua-duanyamenggunakandarahsebagaimediumpemindahan

D BothsendsignalstoonespecificeffectorKedua-duanyamenghantarisyaratkesatuefektoryangspesifik

40 Diagram21showsachromosomalmutation.

Rajah21menunjukkansatumutasikromosom.D

E

H

G

F

Diagram21Rajah21

Whichofthefollowingisthetypeofchangeinthechromosomalstructurethatcausesthemutation?Yangmanakahantarajenisperubahanpadastrukturkromosomyangberikutmenyebabkanperubahanini?A Deletion

Pelenyapan

B DuplicationPenggandaan

C Inversion

PenyongsanganD Translocation

Translokasi


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SULIT 23 4551/1

41 Diagram22showsanexperimenttoinvestigatetherateofreactionofenzymepepsinonalbumen.

Rajah22menunjukkansatueksperimenuntukmengkajikadartindakbalasenzimpepsinkeatasalbumen.

PepsinsolutionLarutanpepsin

AlbumenAlbumen

Diagram22Rajah22

Thepepsintook15minutestodigest0.25gofalbumenat200C.

Howmuchalbumenwillbedigestedin15minutesat30C?Pepsinmengambilmasaselama15minituntukmencernakan0.25galbumenpada200C.

Berapabanyakalbumenakandicernakandalammasa15minitpadasuhu30C?A 0.0gB 0.15gC 0.25gD 0.50g

42 Table2showsthemenutakenbya10-year-oldboy.Jadual2menunjukkanmenuyangdiambilolehseorangkanak-kanaklelakiberusia10tahun.

Breakfast:

Sarapan:

WhitebreadRotiputih

ButterMentega

FullcreammilkSusupenuhkrim

Lunch:

Makan tengah hari:Rice

Nasi

SteamedfishIkankukusPlainwaterAirkosong

Table 2


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Yangmanakahantaramasalahkesihatanberikutakanberlakusekiranyadiaterusmengambilmenuiniuntukjangkamasayangpanjang?





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SULIT 24 4551/1

A ObesityObesiti

B Gastritis

GastritisC Scurvy

Scurvy

D KwashiokorKwashiokor

43 Anexperimentwassetuptostudyrespirationinorganisms.Diagram23showsthesetupoftheexperiment.Satueksperimentelahdisediakanuntukmengkajirespirasidalamorganism.

Rajah23menunjukkanpenyediaaneksperimentersebut.AirgoesinUdaramasuk

GerminatingseedsBijibenihyangbercambah

TofilterpumpKepampenapis

PotasiumhydroxidesolutionLarutannatriumhidroksida

LimewaterJAirkapurJ

AluminiumfoilPembalutaluminium

LimewaterKAirkapurK

Diagram23Rajah23

Whichofthefollowingwillbeobservedafteronehour?Antaraberikutyangmanakahakandiperhatikanselepassatujam?A ThelimewaterKturnscloudybecausecarbondioxideisreleasedduringseed

germinationAirkapurKmenjadikeruhkeranakarbondioksidadibebaskansemasapercambahanbijibenih

B ThelimewaterKturnscloudybecausecarbondioxideisneededduring

photosynthesis.AirkapurKmenjadikeruhkeranakarbondioksidadiperlukansemasafotosintesis


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benih

D ThelimewaterJremainsclearbecauseoxygenisreleasedduring

photosynthesis.AirkapurJkekaljernihkeranaoksigendibebaskansemasaprosesfotosintesis




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SULIT 25 4551/1

44 Table3showstheresultofanexperimenttostudythepopulationofgrasshoppersinanarea.

Jadual3menunjukkankeputusansatueksperimenuntukmengkajipopulasibelalangdisatukawasan.

RiverSungai

Timetakenforthemethylenebluesolutiontodecolouriseasayangdiambiluntuklarutanmetilenabirumeluntur

J 1.5hour/jamK 3.0hours/jamL 3.5hours/jamM 5hours/jam


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Table3Jadual3

Whatistheestimatedpopulationsizeofthegrasshoppersinthearea?Apakahanggaransaizpopulasibelalangdikawasantersebut?A 7B 180C 261

D 580

45 Four samplesofwaterweretakenfromriverJ,K,L,andMandtreatedwithmethylenebluesolutiontodeterminethelevelofpollutionineachriver.TheresultswererecordedinTable4.

EmpatsampelairtelahdiambildarisungaiJ,K,L,andMdandirawatdenganlarutanmetilenabiruuntukmenentukantahappencemaransetiapsungai.

KeputusandirekodkandalamJadual4.

Table4Jadual4

Basedontheresult,whichriverwillhavethehighestpopulationoffish?Berdasarkankeputusan,sungaimanakahakanmempunyaipopulasiikanyangpalingtinggi?

[Lihathalamansebelah]4551/1

2011

Hak

Cipta

JPNJ SULIT


www myschoolchildren com


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SULIT 26 4551/1

A JB KC LD M

46 Diagram24showstheset-upoftheapparatustoinvestigatetherateoftranspirationinaplantusingaphotometer.TheobservationisrecordedinTable5.

Rajah24menunjukkansusunanradasuntukmenyiasatkadartranspirasidalam

Time/Minuteasa/minit 0 5

Positionofairbubble/cmKedudukangelembungudara/cm 0 3


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Table5

PlantshootPucuktumbuhan

RulerPembaris Airbubble

Diagram24Rajah24

Gelembungudara

Jadual5Whatistherateoftranspirationoftheplant?

Apakahkadartranspirasitumbuhanitu?A 0.3cmminute-1

0.3cmminit-1

B 3.0cmminute-1

3.0minit-1C 0.6cmminit-1

0.6minit-1D 6.0cmrninit-1

6.0minit-1


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SULIT 27 4551/1

47 Diagram25showsmusclesinthehindlegofagrasshopper.Rajah25menunjukkanototpadakakibelakangseekorbelalang.

J

K

LDiagram25

Rajah25WhathappenwhenthestructureJisbroken?

ApakahyangberlakujikastrukturJcedera?I Kcannotpulledtowardsthebody

KtidakbolehditarikkearahbadanII Kcannotpropelsthegrasshopperforwardsandupwardsintotheair

KtidakbolehmenolakbelalangkehadapandankeudaraIII LcannotcontractandcausesKcannotbefoldedintoaZshape

LtidakbolehmengecutdanmenyebabkanKtidakbolehdilipatkebentukZIV KcannotbestraightenedKtidakbolehmenjadilurus

A IandIIonlyIdanIIsahaja.

B IIandIIIonlyIIdanIIIsahaja.

C IIandIVonlyIIdanIVsahaja.

D IIIandIVonlyIIIdanIVsahaja.


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SULIT 28 4551/1

48.Amedicalcheck-upshowsthatapatientspancreasisdamagedandhastoberemoved.

Pemeriksaanperubatanmenunjukkanpankreasseorangpesakitrosakdanperludibuang

Whichofthefollowingshouldbedonebythepatienttomaintainanormalbloodsugarlevel?

Antaraberikut,manakahyangperludilakukanolehpesakitituuntukmengekalkanarasguladarahyangnormal?A Takingglucoseinjections

MengambilsuntikanglukosaB Takingabalanceddiet

MengamalkanpengambilangiziyangseimbangC Takinginsulinandglucagoninjections

MengambilsuntikanhormoninsulindanglukagonD Reduceintakeofhighcaloryfood

Mengurangkanpengambilanmakananberkaloritinggi

49 ThegenotypeofapeaplantisRRYy.Whichofthefollowingisthepossiblegameteproducedbythispeaplant?GenotipsatupokokpeaadalahRRYy.

Antaraberikut,yangmanakahmerupakangametyangmungkindihasilkanolehpokokkacang

pea

ini?

A rYB YyC RYD RR

50 AmanwithbloodgroupABmarriedawifewithbloodgroupO.WhatisthepercentageofpossibilityforthecouplestohaveachildwithbloodgroupAB?

SeoranglelakimempunyaikumpulandarahABberkahwindenganseorangisteriyangberkumpulandarahO.Apakahperatuskebarangkalianuntukpasangansuami-isteriinimempunyaiseoranganakyangberkumpulandarahAB?A 0%B 25%C 50%D 100%

ENDQUESTIONPAPERKERTASSOALANTAMAT


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SULIT 29 4551/1

INFORMATIONFORCANDIDATESMAKLUMATUNTUKCALON

1.Thisquestionpaperconsistsof50questions.Kertassoalaninimengandungi50soalan.2.Answerallquestions.

Jawabsemuasoalan.3.Eachquestionisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers,A,B,CandD.Foreachquestion,

chooseoneansweronly.Blackenyouranswerontheobjectiveanswersheetprovided.Tiap-tiapsoalandiikutiolehempatpilihanjawapan,A,B,CdanD.Bagisetiapsoalan,

pilihsatujawapansahaja.Hitamjawapanandapadakertasjawapanobjektifyang

disediakan.

4.Ifyouwish tochangeyouranswer,erasetheblackenedmarkthatyouhavemade.Thenblackenthenewanswer.Jikaandahendakmenukarjawapan,padamkantandayangtelahdibuat.Kemudia

n

hitamkanjawapanyangbaru.

5.Thediagramsinthequestionsprovidedarenotdrawntoscaleunlessstated.Rajahyangmengiringisoalantidakdilukismengikutskalakecualidinyatakan.6.Youmayuseanon-programmablescientificcalculator.

Andadibenarkanmenggunakankalkulatorsaintifikyangtidakbolehdiprogram.


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59/186

SULIT 4551/2

4551/2

Biologi

Kertas2September

2011

2jam

UntukkegunaanpemeriksaBahagian Soalan Markah

Penuh

Markah

diperoleh

A 1 122 123 124 125 12

B 6 207 208 20

9 20

Jumlah


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1. Tulisnamapenuh,kelas,nomborkadpengenalan dan angka giliran anda

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris

mendahuluisoalanyangsepadandalam4. Calondibenarkanmenjawabkeseluruhan

atausebahagiansoalanandasamaadadalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa

5. Calondikehendakimembacamaklumatdi

Nama: Kelas:

NO.KADPENGENALAN- -

ANGKAGILIRAN

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAANPERCUBAANSPM2011 4551/2BIOLOGI

Kertas2September20112jam Duajamtigapuluhminit

JANGANBUKAKERTASSOALANINISEHINGGADIBERITAHU

padaruangyangdisediakan.

dwibahasa.

bahasaMelayu.

Melayu.

halamanbelakangkertassoalanini.

Kertassoalaninimengandungi24halamanbercetak





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SULIT 2 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

SectionABahagianA

[60marks][60markah]

AnswerallquestionsinthissectionJawabsemuasoalandalambahagianini

1Diagram1showstheprocessofsynthesisandsecretionofextracellularenzymesinacell.Rajah1menunjukkanprosessintesisdanperembesanenzimluarseldidalamsatusel.

Nucleus

Y:

x:

Enzyme

PlasmamembraneDiagram1

Rajah1(a) BasedonDiagram1,nameXandY.

BerdasarkanRajah1,namakanXdanY.

1(a) [2marks][2markah]

2


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SULIT 3 4551/2

(b)Extracellularenzymesareenzymeswhichareproducedinthecellbutsecretedfromthecelltofunctionexternally.Enzimluarseladalahenzim-enzimyangdihasilkandidalamseltetapidirembeskandaripadaseluntukberfungsidiluarsel.(i) GiveoneexampleofthecellshowninDiagram1.

BerikansatucontohseldidalamRajah1.

[1marks][1markah]

(ii) ExplainwhatwillhappentotheproductionofextracellularenzymesifY

malfunctions.TerangkanapayangakanberlakuterhadappenghasilanenzimluarseljikaYtidakberfungsi.

[2marks]

[2markah]

(c) Eachenzymehasanoptimumtemperatureatwhichitsreactionrateisthefastest.Beyondtheoptimumtemperature,anenzymeissaidtobedenatured.Setiapenzimmempunyaisuhuoptimumdimanakadartindakbalasnyaadalahmaksimum.Suhuyangmelebihiparasoptimumakanmenyebabkanenzimternyahasli.

Explaintheabovestatement.

[2marks]

[2markah]

For

Examiners

Use

1(b)(i)

1

1(b)(ii)

2

1(c)

2


64/186





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SULIT 4 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

1(d)

2

1(e)

3

(d) Ahousewifeusesanamylase-baseddetergenttowashherbloodstainedclothe.Shefoundoutthatthestainisnotremoved.Explainwhy.Seorangsurirumahmenggunakanserbukpencuciberasaskanamylaseuntuk

mencucibajunyayangterkenakesandarah.Beliaudapatikesandarahmasihada.Terangkanmengapa.

[2marks][2markah]

(e) Apatienthasgallstonesthatblockhisbileduct.Explaintheeffectofthissituationonthedigestionoflipid.Seorangpesakitmempunyaibatukarangyangmenyumbatsalurhempedunya.Terangkankesankeadaaniniterhadappencernaanlipid.

[3marks]

[3markah]

Total

A1


66/186

12




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SULIT 5 4551/2

2 Diagram2showsacellularcomponentwhichisfoundinpalisademesophyllcellsofaleaf.Rajah2menunjukkansatukomponenselyangbolehdijumpaidalamselpalisadmesofildalamdaun.

OutsidethecellLuarsel

For

Examiners

Use

Q:

InsidethecellDalamselDiagram2

Rajah2

(a) (i) NamethecellularcomponentinDiagram2.

P:

NamakankomponenseldalamRajah2..

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) OnDiagram2,namePandQ.PadaRajah2,namakanPdanQ.

[2marks][2markah]

(b) (i) OnDiagram2,drawarrow()toshowthemovementofoxygenacrossthecellularcomponentduringdaytime.

PadaRajah2,lukisanakpanah()untukmenunjukkanpergerakanoksigenmerentasikomponenselinipadawaktusiang.

[1mark][1markah]

2(a)(i)

1

2(a)(ii)

2

2(b)(i)

1


68/186





69/186

SULIT 6 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

2(b)(ii)

3

2(c)(i)

3

2(c)(ii)

2

Total

A2

12


70/186

(b) (ii) Explaintheanswerin(b)(i).

erangkanjawapanandadalam(b)(i).

[3marks]

[3markah](c) Inanexperiment,thepalisademesophyllcellisimmersedindistilledwaterfora

certainperiodoftime.Dalamsatueksperimen,selpalisadmesofilinidirendamkandidalamairsulinguntuktempohmasatertentu.(i) Explainwhatwillhappentothiscellularcomponent.

Terangkanapaakanberlakupadakomponenselini.

[3marks]

[3markah](ii) Drawalabelleddiagramoftheconditionofpalisademesophyllcellafter

beingimmersedinthedistilledwater.Lukisrajahberlabelkeadaanselpalisadmesofilsetelahdirendamkandalamairsuling.

[2marks][2markah]




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SULIT 7 4551/2

3 Diagram3showsthestagesinacelldivision.Rajah3menunjukkanperingkat-peringkatdidalampembahagiansel.

For

Examiners

Use

X YDiagram3

Rajah3(a) (i) NamestagesXandY

Namakanperingkat-peringkatXdanYX:

Y:[2marks]

[2markah](ii) BasedonDiagram3,statetwodifferencesbetweenthechromosomal

behaviourinstageXandstageY.BerdasarkanRajah3,nyatakanduaperbezaandiantaraperlakuankromosomdiperingkatXdanperingkatY.

2maks]


72/186

3(a)(i)

2 3(a)(ii)

2

[2markah]





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SULIT 8 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

3(b)(i)

1

3(b)(ii)

1

3(b)(iii)

2

(b) Numberofchromosomeinsomaticcellsofthisorganismis24.Bilangankromosomdidalamselsomatikorganismainiadalah24.

(i) StatethechromosomalnumberofeachdaughtercellproducedattheendofthedivisionshowninDiagram3.NyatakanbilangankromosomdidalamsetiapselanakyangterhasilmelaluipembahagianseldiRajah3.

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) Basedonyourbiologicalknowledge,giveareasonforyouranswer.Berdasarkan

pengetahuan

biologi

anda,

berikan

satu

sebab

untuk

jawapananda.

[1mark]

[1markah](iii) ExplainoneimportanteventthattakesplaceduringstageX.

TerangkansatuperistiwapentingyangberlakusemasaperingkatX.

[2marks]

[2markah]


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SULIT 9 4551/2

(c)BasedonDiagram3,drawoneofthedaughtercellsproducedattheendofthedivision.

BerdasarkanRajah3,lukiskansalahsatuselanakyangterhasildiakhirpembahagiansel.

For

Examiners

Use

[2marks][2markah]

(d)ExplainwhatwillhappeninhumanifthechromosomesfailtoseparateduringstageY.TerangkanapayangberlakupadamanusiajikakromosomgagalterpisahsemasaperingkatY.

[2marks]

[2markah]

3(c)

2

3(d)

2

Total

A3


76/186

12





77/186

Alveolicartilage

SULIT 10 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

4(a)(i)

1

4(b)(ii)

1

4 Diagram4.1andDiagram4.2showthetissuesinrespiratorysysteminhumanandinplantrespectively.Rajah4.1danRajah4.2masing-masingmenunjukkantisu-tisudalamsistemrespirasimanusiadantumbuhan.

BronchiolBronkiol

bronchiole

ringsof

Alveolialveoli

StomataStomata

Diagram4.1 Diagram4.2Rajah4.1 Rajah4.2

(a) (i) StatetheorganinwhichthetissueinDiagram4.1canbefound.NyatakanorgandimanatisudalamRajah4.1bolehdijumpai.

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) Statethefunctionoforganstatedin(a)(i).Nyatakanfungsiorganyangdinyatakandalam(a(i).

[1mark][1markah]


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SULIT 11 4551/2

(b) ExplainhowgaseousexchangeoccursduringrespirationinDiagram4.1andDiagram4.2.TerangkanbagaimanapertukarangasberlakusemasarespirasidalamRajah4.1danRajah4.2.GaseousexchangeinDiagram4.1:PertukarangasdalamRajah4.1:

GaseousexchangeinDiagram4.2:PertukarangasdalamRajah4.2:

[4marks]

[4markah](c) StatetwodifferencesbetweentissuesinDiagram4.1andDiagram4.2.

NyatakanduaperbezaanantaratisudalamRajah4.1danRajah4.2

[2marks]

[2markah]

For

Examiners

Use

4(b)

4

4(c)

2


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SULIT 12 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

4(d)

4

(d) Smokersdonotrealizethattheydestroytheirrespiratoryorganduringsmoking.Explainhowthishabitwillaffecttheintakeofoxygenefficiency.Perokoktidaksedarbahawamerekaakanmerosakkanorganrespirasisemasamerokok.Terangkanbagaimanatabiatinibolehmempengaruhikecekapanpengambilanoksigen.

[4marks][4markah]

Total

A4

12


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sRice,bread,meedankentang

SULIT 13 4551/2

5 Diagram5.1showsafoodpyramid:Rajah5.1menunjukkanpiramidmakanan:

For

Examiners

Use

PLipid,saltandsugarLemak,garamdangula

QMeat,chicken,fishandmilkDaging,ayam,ikandansusu

Fruitsandvegetables

RBuah-buahandansayur-sayurannoodleandpotatoes

Nasi,roti,

Diagram5.1Rajah5.1

(a) P,Q,RandSarethedifferentclassesoffoodthatmakeupthebalanceddiet.P,Q,RdanSadalahkelas-kelasmakananyangberbezadalamgiziseimbang.(i) NametheclassoffoodlabeledR

NamakankelasmakananberlabelR

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) StatethefunctionsoffoodinR

NyatakanfungsimakanandidalamR5(a)

[1mark]

[1markah] 2


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SULIT 14 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

TypeoffoodJenis

makanan

Quantitytaken/gKuantitidiambil/g

Energy/kJper100gTenaga/kJ

per100g

Energyobtained/kJTenagadiperolehi/kJ

moderatelyactiveadultmanLelakidewasa

sederhanaaktif

boyaged15yearsold

Kanak-kanak

lelakiberumur15tahun

moderatelyactiveadult

manLelakidewasa

sederhana

aktif

boyaged15yearsoldKanak-

kanaklelakiberumur15

tahun

RiceNasi

300 400 2000 8000

WhitebreadRotiputih 100 150 1500 1500Butter

Mentega50 50 3000 1500 1500

Potatokentang

100 100 500 500 500

MilkSusu

100 200 300 300 600

BananaPisang

50 100 50 25 50

ChickenAyam 200 200 800 1600 1600

TotalenergyobtainedJumlahtenagadiperolehi


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Table5

5(b)

3

(b) Junkfoodisfoodthatishighinsugar,saltandfat.Explainthehealthproblemsfacedbyindividualwhocontinuouslytakenthisfood.

Makananrapuadalahmakananyangtinggikandungangula,garamdanlemak.Terangkanmasalahkesihatanyangdihadapiolehindividuyangmengambilmakananinisecaraberterusan.

[3marks]

[3markah](c) Table5showsthetypeandquantityoffoodtakenbyamoderatelyactiveadultman

andaboyaged15yearsold.

Jadual5menunjukkan

jenis

dan

kuantiti

makanan

yang

diambil

oleh

lelaki

dewasa

sederhanaaktifdankanak-kanaklelakiberumur15tahun.

Jadual5


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SULIT 15 4551/2

(i) CompleteTable5bycalculatingthetotalenergyobtainedbyeachindividual.LengkapkanJadual5denganmenghitungjumlahtenagayangdiperolehiolehsetiapindividu.

[2marks][2markah]

(ii) Explainwhyboyaged15yearsoldneedmoredailyenergyrequirementwhencomparedtomoderatelyactiveadultman.Terangkanmengapabudaklelakiberumur15tahunmemerlukanlebihkeperluantenagaharianberbandinglelakidewasayangsederhanaaktif.

[2marks]

[2markah](d) Diagram5.2showsaboysufferingfromnutrientdeficiencydisease.

For

Examiners

Use

5(c)(i)

2

5(c)(ii)

2

Diagram5.2Rajah5.2


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SULIT 16 4551/2

For

Examiners

Use

5(d)

3

(i) IdentifythedeficiencydiseaseshowninDiagram5.2.KenalpastipenyakitkekurangannutrienyangditunjukkandalamRajah5.2.

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) Statethecauseofthediseaseandpossibleeffectsonchildren.Nyatakanpuncapenyakitdankemungkinankesanyangdialamiolehkanak-kanak.

[1mark]

[1markah]

Total

A5

12


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SULIT 17 4551/2

SectionBBahagianB

[40marks][40markah]

Answeranytwoquestionsfromthissection.Jawabmana-manaduasoalandaripadabahagianini.

6 (a) Diagram6.1showtheasexualreproductioncarriedoutbyAmoebasp.Rajah6.1menunjukkanpembiakanaseksyangdijalankanolehAmoebasp.

Diagram6.1Rajah6.1

DescribetheprocessshowninDiagram6.1.HuraikanprosesyangditunjukkandalamRajah6.1.

[4marks][4markah]

(b)Amoebasp.isaunicellularorganismwhichlivesinfreshwaterenvironment.AlthoughAmoebasp.ismadeupofonlyasinglecell,itcanperformalllivingprocesses.Amoebasp.adalahsatuorganismauniselyanghidupdalampersekitaranairtawar.WalaupunAmoebasp.dibentukolehhanyasatusel,iabolehmelakukansemuaproseskehidupan.


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SULIT 18 4551/2

ExplainthelivingprocessthatenableAmoebasp.tosurviveinfreshwaterwhichishypotonictothecytoplasmicfluidofAmoebasp.TerangkanproseskehidupanyangmembolehkanAmoebasp.untukterushidupdalamairtawaryanghipotonikkepadacecairsitoplasmaAmoebasp.

[6marks][6markah]

(c) Diagram6.2showsahumanorganwhichisinvolvedinregulatingbodytemperature.

Rajah6.2menunjukkansatuorganmanusiayangterlibatdalampengawalansuhubadan.

Diagram6.2Rajah6.2

BasedonDiagram6.2,explainhowtheanimaltissuesareorganisedtoformtheorganinDiagram6.2andtheirrolesinregulatingbodytemperatureduringahotday.BerdasarkanRajah6.2,terangkanbagaimanatisuhaiwandiorganisasiuntukmembentukorgandalamRajah6.2danperananmerekadalammengawalsuhubadandalamsatuhariyangpanas.

[10marks][10markah]

7 (a) Explainwhythefertilisationprocessinfloweringplantisknownasdouble

fertilisation.Terangkanmengapaprosespersenyawaanpadatumbuhanberbungadipanggil


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persenyawaangandadua.[4marks]

[4markah]




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SULIT 19 4551/2

(b) Diagram7.1showstheformationoftheembryosacinafloweringplant.Rajah7.1menunjukkanpembentukanpundiembriodalamtumbuhanberbunga.

EmbryosacPundiembrio

Matureembryosac

PundiembriomatangDiagram7.1

Rajah7.1BasedonDiagram7.1describehowtheformationoftheembryosacoccurs.BerdasarkanRajah7.1,huraikanbagaimanapembentukanpundiembrioterjadi.

[6marks][6markah]


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SULIT 20 4551/2

(c) Diagram7.2showsmaleandfemalereproductiveorgansofaplant.Rajah7.2menunjukkanorganpembiakanjantandanorganpembiakanbetinabagitumbuhan.

AntherAnter

Filamentfilamen

MalereproductiveorganOrganpembiakanjantan

StamenStamen

Stigma

PollentubeTiubdebunga

OvaryOvari

EmbryosacPundi

Femalereproductiveorgan

OrganpembiakanbetinaDiagram7.2

Rajah7.2Basedonthediagram,describehowdoublefertilizationoccursintheplant.Berdasarkanrajah,huraikankanbagaimanapersenyawaangandaduaberlakudalamtumbuhantersebut.

[10marks]

[10markah]


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SULIT 21 4551/2

8 (a) Diagram8.1andDiagram8.2showtheimpactofhumanactivitiestothequalityofnaturalenvironment.Rajah8.1danRajah8.2menunjukkanimpakaktivitimanusiakeataskualitialamsemulajadi.

EmissionsgasfromthefactoriesPembebasan

gasdarikilang-kilang

DissolvedinwatervapourLarutdalamwapair

Diagram8.1Rajah8.1

Ultravioletrays

Sinaranultraunggu


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Diagram8.2Rajah8.2





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SULIT 22 4551/2

(i) StatethephenomenashowninDiagram8.1andDiagram8.2.NyatakanfenomenayangditunjukkandiRajah8.1danRajah8.2.

[1mark][1markah]

(ii) DiscussthedifferencesofbothenvironmentalphenomenashowninDiagram8.1andDiagram8.2basedonthefollowingaspects:

Thecauses Theeffectsand Thewaystoovercome

Bincangkanperbezaankedua-duafenomenaalamsekitaryangditunjukkan

di

Rajah

8.1

dan

Rajah

8.2

berdasarkan

kepada

aspek-aspek

berikut:

Punca

Kesandan Carauntukmengatasi

[10marks][10markah]

(b) ExplaintheimportanceofpreservationandconservationoftropicalrainforestinMalaysiaforthepurposeofsustainablemanagementofecosystem.

TerangkankepentinganpemeliharaandanpemuliharaanhutanhujantropikaldiMalaysiauntuktujuanpengurusanberterusanekosistem.[9marks]

[9markah]


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SULIT 23 4551/2

9 (a) Diagram9showthreetypesofneuronesinhumanbeing.Duringvoluntaryaction,alltypesofneuronesmustbecoordinatedtoreactonstimulus.Rajah9menunjukkantigajenisneuronyangterdapatdalammanusia.Semasatindakanterkawal,semuajenisneuronakandikordinasikanuntukbergerakbalas.

EfferentneuroneNeuroneferens InterneuroneInterneuron AfferentneuroneNeuronaferens

Diagram9Rajah9

AhmadisaJohorstategoalkeeper.ExplainhowAhmadisabletopushtheball

awayfromthegoalpostareainthepenaltykick.AhmadadalahpenjagagolnegeriJohor.TerangkanbagaimanaAhmadmampumenolakkeluarboladarikawasantianggolsemasasepakanpenalty.

[10marks][10markah]

(b) Homeostasisisthemaintenanceofconstantinternalenvironment.Thenormalbloodsugarconcentrationinhumanis75110mg/100ml.Homeostasisadalahpengekalanpersekitarandalam.Arasguladarahyangnormalpadamanusiaadlah75110mg/100ml.Explainhowtoregulatethebloodsugarlevelinthenormalrange.Terangkanbagaimanamengawalarasguladalamdarahpadajulatnormal

[10marks][10markah]

ENDOFQUESTIONPAPERKERTASSOALANTAMAT


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SULIT 24 4551/2


1.Thisquestionpaperconsistsoftwosections:SectionAandSectionB.Kertassoalaninimengandungiduabahagian:BahagianAdanBahagianB.

2.AnswerallquestionsinSectionAandanytwoquestionsfromSectionB.JawabsemuasoalandalamBahagianAdanmana-manaduasoalandaripadaBahagianB.

3.TheanswerstoSectionAmustbewritteninthespaceprovidedinthequestionpaper.

Importantstepsinanycalculationmustbeshown.

Jawapan

bagi

Bahagian

A

hendaklah

ditulis

pada

ruang

yang

disediakan

dalam

kertassoalanini.

4.TheanswerstoSectionBmustbewritteninseparateansweringpaper.Youmayuse

equations,diagrams,tables,graphsandothersuitablewaysmaybeusedtoclarifyyour

answers.JawapanbagiBahagianBhendaklahditulispadakertasjawapanberasingan.Andabolehmenggunakanpersamaan,rajah,jadual,grafdancaralainyangsesuaiutukmenjelaskanjawapananda.

5.Ifyouwish tochangeyouranswer,neatlycrossouttheanswerthatyouhavedone.Then

writedownthenewanswer.Jikaandahendakmenukarjawapan,batalkanjawapanjawapanyangtelahdibu

at.

Kemudiantulisjawapanyangbaru.6.Marksallocatedforeachquestionorpartquestionareshowninbrackets.

Markahyangdiperuntukkanbagisetiapsoalanatauceraiansoalanditunjukkandalamkurungan.

7.ThetimesuggestedtoanswerSectionAis90minutesandSectionBis60minutes.Andadinasihatisupayamengambilmasa90minituntukmenjawabsoalandalamBahagianAdan60minituntukBahagianB.

8.Thediagramsinthequestionsarenotdrawntoscaleunlessstated.Rajahyangmengiringisoalantidakdilukismengikutskalakecualidinyatakan.

9.Youmayuseanon-programmablescientificcalculator.


107/186

Andadibenarkanmenggunakankalkulatirsaintifikyangtidakbolehdiprogram.




108/186

SULIT 4551/3

4551/3

BiologiKertas3September

2011

1jam

Nama:

Kelas:

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

PEPERIKSAANPERCUBAANSIJILPELAJARANMALAYSIA2011 4551/3BIOLOGIKertas3September20111jam Satujamtigapuluhminit

JANGANBUKAKERTASSOALANINISEHINGGADIBERITAHU

NO.KADPENGENALAN- -

ANGKAGILIRAN


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1. Tulisnamapenuh,kelas,nomborkadpengenalan dan angka giliran anda

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris

mendahuluisoalanyangsepadandalam4. Calondibenarkanmenjawabkeseluruhan

atausebahagiansoalanandasamaadadalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa

padaruangyangdisediakan.dwibahasa.

bahasaMelayu.

Melayu.

5.Calondikehendakimembacamaklumatdihalamanbelakangkertassoalanini.

Kertassoalaninimengandungi12halamanbercetak

[Lihathalamansebelah]4551/3

2011

Hak

Cipta

JPNJ SULIT




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SULIT 2 4551/3

Answerallquestions.Jawabsemuasoalan.

1.Agroupofstudentscarriedoutanexperimenttostudytheeffectofintraspesificcompetitiononthegrowthofpaddyseedlings.Sekumpulanpelajarmenjalankaneksperimenuntukmengkajikesanpersainganintraspesifikterhadappertumbuhananakbenihpadi.Diagram1showstheapparatusset-upoftheexperiment.Rajah1menunjukkansusunanradasuntukeksperimentersebut.

x 10cm x x x5cmx x x x x2cmx xxx x x

x x x

x x x xx x x x

x

x

x

x

xx xx xxx xx xxx xx xxx x x x x

TrayA TrayB TrayCKotakA KotakB KotakC

Diagram1

Rajah1Step1 :Threeseedlingtraysarefilledwith4kgofgardensoil.

Langkah1 :Tigakotaksemaiandiisikandengan4kgtanahkebun.Step2 :ThetraysarelabeledasA,BandC.

Langkah2 :Kotak-kotaksemaiandilabelkanA,BdanC.Step3 :IntrayA,30paddyseedlingsareseedlingedatadistanceof10cmintervals.

IntrayB,30paddyseedlingsareseedlingedatadistanceof5cmintervals.

IntrayC,30paddyseedlingsareseedlingedatadistanceof2cmintervals.Langkah3 :DalamkotakA,30anakbenihpadiditanampadajarak10cmberselang

seli

DalamkotakB,30anakbenihpadiditanampadajarak5cmberselangseli,DalamkotakC,30anakbenihpadiditanampadajarak2cmberselangseli

Step4 :Eachtrayiswatereddailywiththesameamountofwaterfor30days.Langkah4 :Setiapkotaksemaiandisiramtiap-tiapharidenganjumlahairyangsama

banyakuntuk30hari.Step5 :After30days,remove10paddyseedlingsrandomlyfromtrayA,trayBandtrayC.Therootsofseedlingsarewashedandwipedry.


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Langkah5 :Selepas30hari,10anakbenihpadidikeluarkansecararawakdarikotakA,kotakBdankotakC.Akaranakbenihdibersihdandilapkansehinggkering.

Step6 :ThedryweightofthepaddyseedlingsisrecordedinTable1.Langkah6 :BeratkeringanakbenihpadidicatatkandalamJadual1.4551/32011HakCiptaJPNJ SULIT




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SULIT 3 4551/3

Distancebetween

paddyseedlingsJarakantaraanak

benihpadi(cm)Dryweightof10paddyseedlings/(g)Beratkering10anakbenihpadi/(g)

10

g

5

g


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(a)RecordthedryweightofthepaddyseedlingsintheboxesprovidedinTable1.RekodkanberatkeringanakbenihpadididalamkotakyangdisediakandalamJadual1.

[3marks]


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[3markah][Lihathalamansebelah]




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SULIT 4 4551/3

For

Examiners

Use

Distancebetweenpaddyseedlings

Jarakantaraanakbenihpadi(cm)

Dryweightof10paddyseedlings/(g)Beratkering10anakbenihpadi/(g)

2

g


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1(a)

3

Table1

Jadual1




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SULIT 5 4551/3

(b)(i) StatetwodifferentobservationsmadefromTable1.NyatakanduapemerhatianyangberbezayangdibuatdaripadaJadual1.Observation1:Pemerhatian1:__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Observation2:

Pemerhatian2:

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________1(b)(i)

__________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah](ii) Statetheinferencewhichcorrespondstotheobservationsin1(b)(i).

Nyatakaninferensyangsepadandenganpemerhatiandi1(b)(i).Inferencefromobservation1:Inferensdaripadapemerhatian1:__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Inferencefromobservation2:Inferensdaripadapemerhatian2:__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

3

1(b)(ii)


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__________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah] 3





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SULIT 6 4551/3

For

Examiners

Use

(c)CompleteTable2basedonthisexperimentLengkapkanJadual2berdasarkaneksprimenini

VariablePembolehubah

ManipulatedvariablePembolehubahdimanipulasi

________________________

________________________

________________________

RespondingvariablePembolehubahbergerakbalas________________________

________________________

________________________

ConstantvariablePembolehubahdimalarkan

________________________

________________________

________________________

MethodtohandlethevariableCaramengendalipembolehubah

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

1(c)

3

1(d)

3


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able2

adual23marks]

3markah](d)Statet

hehypothesisforthisexperiment.Nyatakanhipotesisbagieksperimenini.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah]




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Growth rate =Dry

weigth

of

paddy

seed

=

SULIT 7 4551/3

(e)(i)Constructatableandrecordallthedatacollectedinthisexperiment.Binasatujadualdanrekodkansemuadatayangdikumpuldalameksperimenini.

Yourtableshouldhavethefollowingtitle.Jadualandahendaklahmengandungitajuk-tajukberikut.`Distancebetweenpaddyseedlings

JarakantaraanakbenihpadiDryweightof10paddyseedlings

Beratkering10anakbenihpadi

GrowthrateofpaddyseedlingKadarpertumbuhananakbenihpadi

Number of days

For

Examiners

Use


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1(e)(i)

3

[3markah]





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SULIT 8 4551/3

For

Examiners

Use

(ii) Usethegraphpaperprovidedonpage7toanswerthispartofquestion.Usingthedatain1(e)(i),drawthegraphofthegrowthrateofpaddyseedlingsagainstthedistancebetweenpaddyseedlingGunakankertasgrafyangdisediakandalamdimukasurat7untukmenjawab

soalanbahagianini.Menggunakandata1(e)(i),lukiskangrafkadarpertumbuhananakbenihpadimelawanjarakantaraanakbenihpadi.

[3marks][3markah]


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1(e)(ii)

3




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SULIT 9 4551/3

(f)Basedonthegraphin1(e)(ii),explaintherelationshipbetweenthegrowthrateofpaddyseedlinganddistancebetweenseedling.Berdasarkankepadagrafdi1(e)(ii),terangkanhubunganantarakadarperumbuhananakbenihpadidenganjarakantaraanakbenih._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah](g)Thisexperimentisrepeatedbyincreasingthedistancebetweenthepaddyseedlings

to20cm.Predicttheobservation.Explainyourprediction.Eksperimeninidiulangdenganmenambahjarakantaraanakbenihpadipada20cm.Ramalkanpemerhatian.Terangkanramalananda._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah](h)Basedontheresultfromtheexperiment,whatistheoperationaldefinitionofintraspesific

competition?

Berdasarkankeputusandaripadaeksperimenini,apakahdefinisisecaraoperasipersainganintraspesifik?_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________[3marks]

[3markah]

For

Examiners

Use

1(f)

3

1(g)

3

1(h)

3


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127/186

SULIT 10 4551/3

For

Examiners

Use

(i)Whenresourcesareinlimitedsupply,organismslivinginthesamehabitatwillcompeteforthesameresources.Thefollowingisalistoftheresources.Apabilasumber-sumbermenjaditerhad,organismahidupdihabitatyangsamaakanbersainguntuksumberyangsama.Berikutialahsenaraisumber-sumbertersebut.

Food Space LightMakanan Ruang CahayaWater BreedingmateAir Pasanganmengawan

ResourcescompetedbyanimalSumber-sumberyangdisaingioleh

haiwan

ResourcescompetedbyplantSumber-sumberyangdisaingioleh

tumbuhan


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InTable3,classifytheresourcesgiven,accor

dingtowhataretheresourcescompetedbyanimalsandresourcescompetedbyplants.DalamJadual3,klasifikasikansumber-sumberyanddiberi,mengikutapakahsumber-sumberyangdisaingiolehhaiwandansumber-sumberyangdisaingiolehtumbuhan.

Table3Jadual3

1(i)

3

[3marks][3markah]




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SULIT 11 4551/3

2.Transpirationisthelossofwatervapourbylivingplantsthroughevaporationtotheenvironment.Therateoftranspirationisaffectedbyexternalconditions.Transpirasiadalahproseskehilanganwapairolehtumbuhanhidupmelaluisejatankepersekitaran.Kadartranspirasiinidipengaruhiolehkeadaanluaran.Basedonthegiveninformation,planalaboratoryexperimenttostudytheeffectofwindspeedontherateoftranspirationinaplant.Berdasarkanmaklumatyangdiberi,rekabentuksatueksperimenmakmaluntukmengkajikesanlajuanginkeataskadartranspirasidalamsatutumbuhan

.

Theplanningofyourexperimentmustincludethefollowingaspects:Perancanganeksperimenandahendaklahmeliputiaspek-aspekberikut: Problemstatement

Penyataanmasalah Variables

Pembolehubah-pembolehubah

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

Listofmaterialsandapparatus

Senaraibahandanradasdigunakan Experimentalprocedure

Prosedureksperimen Presentationofdata

Caradatadipersembahkan

ENDOFQUESTIONPAPERKERTASSOALANTAMAT


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131/186

SULIT 12 4551/3


1.Thisquestionpaperconsistsoftwoquestions.Answerallquestions.

Score/Skor Description/Penerangan3 Excellent:Thebestresponse

Cemerlang:Responsyangpalingbaik2 Satisfactory:Anaverageresponse

Memuaskan:Responsyangsederhana1 Weak:AninaccurateresponseLemah:Responsyangkurangtepat0 Noresponseorwrongresponse

Responssalahatautiadamemberirespons


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Kertassoalaninimengandungiduasoalan.Jawabsemuasoalan.2.WriteyouranswersforQuestion1inthespacesprovidedinthequestionpaper.

TuliskanjawapanbagiSoalan1dalamruangyangdisediakandalamkertassoalan.3.TheanswersforQuestion2mustbewritteninseparateansweringpaper.Youmayuse

equations,diagrams,tables,graphsandothersuitablemethodstoexplainyouranswer.JawapanbagiSoalan2hendaklahditulispadakertasjawapanberasingan.Andabole

h

menggunakanpersamaan,gambarrajah,jadual,grafdancaralainyangsesuaiuntuk

menjelaskanjawapananda.4.Showyourworking,itmayhelpyoutogetmarks.

Tunjukkankerjamengira,inimembantuandamendapatkanmarkah.5.Ifyouwishtochangeyouranswer,neatlycrossouttheanswerthatyouhavedone.Then

writedownthenewanswer.Jikaandahendakmenukarjawapan,batalkanjawapanjawapanyangtelahdibu

at.

Kemudiantulis

jawapan

yang

baru.6.Thediagramsinthequestionsarenotdrawntoscaleunlessstated.

Rajahyangmengiringisoalantidakdilukismengikutskalakecualidinyatakan.7.Markallocatedforeachquestionsorpartquestionareshowninbrackets.

Markahyangdiperuntukkanbagisetiapsoalanatauceraiansoalanditunjukkandalam

kurungan.

8.ThetimesuggestedtoanswerQuestion1is45minutesandQuestion2is45minutes.MasayangdicadangkanuntukmenjawabSoalan1ialah45minitdanSoalan2ialah4

5

minit.9.Youmayuseanon-programmablescientificcalculator.

Andadibenarkanmenggunakankalkulatorsaintifikyangtidakbolehdiprogram.10.Handinallyouranswersheetsattheendoftheexamination.

Serahkankertassoalaninidiakhirpeperiksaan.Marksawarded/Pemberianmarkah:




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SULIT 4551/1(PP)

JABATANPELAJARANNEGERIJOHORPEPERIKSAANPERCUBAAN

SIJILPELAJARANMALAYSIA2011

BIOLOGI

PERATURANPERMARKAHANKertas1

UNTUKKEGUNAANPEMERIKSASAHAJA

AMARAN

PeraturanpemarkahaniniSULIT.Kegunaannyakhususuntukpemeriksayangberkenaansahaja.Sebarangmaklumatdalam

peraturanpemarkahaninitidakbolehdimaklumkankepadasesiapa.Peraturanpemarkahaninitidakbolehdikeluarkandalamapa-apabentukmedia.


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[Lihathalamansebelah]4551/1(PP)2011HakCiptaJPNJ SULIT




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SULIT 2 4551/1(PP)

BIOLOGY

PAPER1MARKINGSHCEME

ENDOFMARKINGSCHEMEPERATURANPEMARKAHANTAMAT

Question Answer Question Answer

1 A 26 B2 A 27 D3 A 28 D4 C 29 D5 A 30 A6 C 31 D7 C 32 B8 D 33 D9 A 34 B10 D 35 B11 A 36 C

12 D 37 D13 C 38 D14 C 39 B15 C 40 C16 B 41 D17 A 42 C18 D 43 A19 A 44 D20 D 45 D21 B 46 C22 A 47 C23 C 48 C24 D 49 C25 C 50 A


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137/186

SULIT 4551/2(PP)

4551/2

Peraturan

Pemarkahan

Biologi

Kertas2September

2011

JABATANPELAJARANNEGERIJOHORPEPERIKSAANPERCUBAAN

SIJILPELAJARANMALAYSIA2011

PERATURANPEMARKAHANBIOLOGI

Kertas2

UNTUKKEGUNAANPEMERIKSASAHAJA

AMARAN

PeraturanpemarkahaniniSULIT.Kegunaannyakhususuntukpemeriksayangberkenaansahaja.Sebarangmaklumatdalam

peraturanpemarkahaninitidakbolehdimaklumkankepadasesiapa.Peraturanpemarkahaninitidakbolehdikeluarkandalamapa-apabentukmedia.


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Peraturanpemarkahaninimengandungi15halamanbercetak





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SULIT 2 4551/2(PP)

BIOLOGYPAPER2

Question MarkingCriteria Marks1 (a) AbletonameXandY.Answer:X:RibosomeY:Golgiapparatus

11 2

(b) (i) Abletogiveoneexampleofthecell

Answer:Pancreas//Ileum//stomachepithelialcell//salivarycell 1

4

(ii) AbletoexplaintheeffectontheproductionofextracellularenzymeiforganelleYmalfunction

Sample answers :F:Theproductionofextracellularenzymeisincomplete/

disrupted/affected.E1:(withoutGolgiapparatus/Y),theproteincannotbemodified

intoextracellularenzyme.E2:Proteincannotbesorted.E3:Extracellularenzymecannotbereleased/transportedtothe

targetedcell/organ. [Any2]

1

1

11

(c) Abletoexplaindenaturationofenzyme.

Sample answers :E1:Hightemperaturesalter/changethe(threedimensional)shape

oftheactivesiteofenzymemolecules.E2:substratesthuscannolongerfitintotheactivesitesofthe

enzyme.E3:thereactioncannotbecarriedout//substratecannotbe

hydrolysed. [Any2E]

1

1

1

2

(d) Abletoexplainthereasonwhythebloodstainedcannotberemoved.

Sample answers :E1:Bloodismadeupofprotein. 1


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MARKINGSCHEMESECTIONA[60MARKS]

4551/2(PP)2011HakCiptaJPNJ SULITKertassoalanmplainterdapatdi:



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SULIT 3 4551/2(PP)

E2:Proteinisbrokendown/digestedbyProtease(enzyme).E3:ThereforetheuseofAmylase(enzyme)inthedetergent

powderwouldnotbeeffective.[Anytwo]

11

2

(e) Abletoexplaintheeffectofblockedbileductstothedigestionoflipids.

Sample answers :E1Gallstonesblockedthesecretionofbile.E2Lipidscannotbeemulsified.E3Therateoflipasereactionwillbecomeslower//digestionof

lipidswillbedisrupted/isincomplete.E4Thepatientmightfaceobesity//becomeobese.

[Any3E]

111

1 3

TOTAL 122 (a) (i) Abletonamethecellularcomponent.

Answer:Plasmamembrane//cellmembrane. 1

3

(ii) AbletonamePandQ.

Answer:P:PhospholipidbilayerQ:CarrierProtein

11

(b) (i) Abletodrawarrowtoshowthemovementofoxygenacrossthiscellularcomponentduringdaytime.

AnswerArrowfrominsidethecelltooutsidethecell,passthroughphospholipidbilayer

11

(ii) Abletoexplaintheanswerin(b)(i)

Sample answers :

E1(Duringdaytime),photosynthesisoccursinthecelltoproduceO2.E2O2diffusesfromhigherconcentrationregiontolower

concentrationregion//O2diffusesbyfollowingtheconcentrationgradient.

E3O2isnonpolarmolecule/smallmoleculeE4O2diffusesthroughphospholipidbilayer

[Any3]

1

111

3


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SULIT 4 4551/2(PP)

(c) (i) Abletoexplainwhatwillhappentothecellularcomponent.

Sample answerFThiscellularcomponent/plasmamembraneispushedagainst

thecellwall.E1Distilledwaterishypotonictothecellsap//Cellsapishypertonictodistilledwater.

E2WatermoleculesdiffuseintothecellbyosmosisE3Vacuoleexpands/swellsup.

[Any3]

1

1

11

3

(ii) Abletodrawalabeleddiagramoftheconditionofpalisademesophyllcellafterbeingimmersedinthedistilledwater.

Sample answer

DTheshapeofthecellmustberectangular.ThecellwallisdrawnwithdoublelineThevacuolemustbelarge

LLabelvacuole

*Rejectothershapeofthecell

1

1

2

TOTAL 12

3 (a) (i) AbletonamestagesXandY.

Answer:

X:

ProphaseIY:MetaphaseI 11 2


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SULIT 5 4551/2(PP)




PROPHASE1 METAPHASE1D1-Homologouschromosomesarearrangedrandomly

Homologouschromosomesarearrangedonthemetaphaseplate/equatorialplane

D2-Thecentromeresofthechromosomesarenotholdby/attachedtoanyspindlefibre.

Thecentromeresofthechromosomesareholdby/attachedtothespindlefibres.

D3-Crossingovertakesplace

betweenthenon-sisterchromatids

Crossingoverhasalready

takenplacebetweenthenon-sisterchromatids


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SULIT 6 4551/2(PP)

(c) Abletodrawonedaughtercellproducedattheendofthemeioticdivision.

Anyonedaughtercellwiththecorrectcombinationofchromosome

Correctdrawingofchromosome(numberandcombination)

D1Correctdrawingofthecell(chromosomesareenclosedinanuclearmembrane)D2

1

12

(d) AbletoexplaintheeffectinahumanifthechromosomesfailtoseparateduringstageY.

Sample answer :E1:Oneofthedaughtercellsproducedmightcontainoneextra

chromosome/onelesserchromosomeE2:Duringfertilization,ifthecellwithanextra/lesser

chromosomefuseswithanormalsperm,thezigoteshallcontainoneextra/47//onelesser/45chromosomesE3:producingDowns/Klinefelters//TurnersSyndromebaby

offspring[Anytwo]

1

1

1

2


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148/186

SULIT 7 4551/2(PP)

[Lihathalaman

sebelah]

4551/2(PP)2011HakCiptaJPNJ SULIT

TissueinDiagram4.1(Human)

TissueinDiagram4.2(Plant)

D1-Alveolus Leaf D2-Carryoutrespiration Carryoutphotosynthesis

D3-Absentofchlorophyll Presenceofchlorophyll


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SULIT 8 4551/2(PP)

(d) Abletoexplainhowsmokingaffecttheintakeofoxygen

Sample answers :E1:Carbonmonoxide.E2:bindwithhaemoglobintoformcarboxyhaemoglobin

E3:lessoxygencombineswithhaemoglobin.E4:tobaccotarwillbedeposited/logged/accumulated(insidethelungs)

E5:reducediffusionofoxygenE6:HeatfromthesmokeE7:DrythesurfaceofthealveoliE8:Oxygencannotbedissolved

[Any4]

1

11

1111

4

TOTAL 12

5 (a) (i) AbletonametheclassoffoodlabeledR

AnswerRoughage/dietaryfibre 1

2

(ii) AbletostatethefunctionsofR

Answeraids/stimulatesperistalsis//preventconstipation//absorbingandeliminatingtoxicsubstances

1

(b) Abletostatethehealthproblems

AnswerP1.Overconsumptionofsalt(sodium)causeshighblood

pressureleadingtoheartdisease/strokeP2.Overconsumptionofsugarcausesoverweight/obesity

//diabetes//dentalcariesP3.Overconsumptionoflipidcausesobesity//cardiovascular

diseases

1

1

13

(c) (i) Abletocalculatetheenergyobtainedbyeachindividual

AnswerModeratelyactiveadultmanRice:6000Totalenergyobtained:11425

Boyaged15yearsoldWhitebread:2250Totalenergyobtained:14500

1

1

2


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152/186

SULIT 9 4551/2(PP)

SECTIONB[40MARKS]

Question MarkingCriteria Marks6 (a) AbletodescribetheprocessshowninDiagram6.1.

Sample answerP1TheprocessisbinaryfissionP2WhenAmoebasp.hasgrowntocertainsizeP3ThenucleusdividebymitosisP4Thenthecytoplasmdivides//CytokinesisoccursP5Form2geneticallyidenticalAmoebasp.

[Any4]

11111

4

(b) AbletoexplainthelivingprocessthatenableAmoebasp.tosurviveinfreshwaterwhichishypotonictothecytoplasmicfluid

ofAmoebasp.Sample answerP1ThelivingprocessisosmoregulationP2OsmoregulationinAmoebasp.involvedcontractilevacuoleP3FreshwaterishypotonictoAmoebasp.P4WaterdiffusesintoAmoebasp.byosmosis.P5Waterfillsthecontractilevacuoletoitsmaximumsize

11111


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SULIT 10 4551/2(PP)

P6ContractilevacuolecontractP7ExpelthewateroutoftheAmoebasp.P8Thus,Amoebasp.doesnotburst

[Any6]

111

6

(c) AbletoexplainhowtheanimaltissuesareorganisedtoformtheorganinDiagram6.2andtheirrolesinregulatingbodytemperatureduringahotday.

Sample answerP1ThisorganisskinP2Skinconsistsofepithelialtissues,nervetissues,muscle

tissuesandconnectivetissues(atleasttwotypesoftissues)P3EpithelialtissuesspecialisedtoformsweatglandP4SweatglandsecretesweatduringhotdayP5Epithelialtissuesspecialisedtoformhairfollicle/produce

hairP6MuscletissuesfoundinskiniserectormuscleP7(Duringhotday),erectormusclerelax,hairliesflatP8Muscletissues(foundatwallofarteriole)issmoothmuscleP9SmoothmusclerelaxduringhotdayP10ConnectivetissuesfoundintheskinisbloodtissuesP11Whensmoothmuscleofarteriolerelax,morebloodflowto

theskinP12moreheatislostP13NervetissuesisthereceptorP14Receptordetecttheincreaseofthetemperature

P15Thefunctionoftheskinistolowerthebodytemperaturetonormal

[Any10]

11

111

111111

1111

10

TOTAL 20

7 (a) Abletoexplaindoublefertilization

Sample answer:

P1:Becausetherearetwofertilizations.P2:Firstfertilizationhappenwhenoneofthemalegametefuses

withtheeggcellP3:toformzygote(2n)P4:Thesecondfertilizationhappenswhentheothermalegamete

fuseswiththetwopolarnucleiP5:toformatriploidnucleus(3n)/endosperm

[Any4]

11

11

14


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156/186

SULIT 11 4551/2(PP)

(b) Abletodescribehowtheformationoftheembryosacprocessoccurs.

Sample answer :

P1:Theovuledevelopsfromtheovariantissue.P2:Ithasanembryosacmothercell(2n).P3:Theembryosacmothercell(2n)undergoesmeiosisP4:toformarowoffourhaploidcells/megaspores(n)P5:Threeoffourmegasporesdie,leavingonemegasporeinthe

ovuleP6:Thenucleusofthemegasporethenundergoesmitosisthree

timesP7:toform8haploidnuclei.P8:3of8nucleimigratetooneendofthecelltoformantipodal

cells

P9:Another2nuclei,calledthepollarnuclei,movetothecentre.P10:1ofthe3nuclei(nearesttheopeningoftheovule/micropyle)developsintoaneggcell/femalegamete,

P11:flankedby2synergidcells(Thestructureformedisknownastheembryosacwheretheembryowilldevelop.)

[Any6]

11111

1

11

11

1

6

(c) Abletodescribehowdoublefertilizationoccursinaplant.Sample answers:P1:Megaspores(n)/haploidcells/tetraddevelopintopollen

grainsP2:Thenucleusofeachmegaspore(n)/haploidcell/dividesbymitosis

P3:toformonetubenucleusandonegenerativenucleusP4:(Whenapollengrainfallsonthestigma,)thesecretionof

sucrosesolutiononthestigmaP5:stimulates(thepollengraintogerminateto)formpollentubeP6:(Duringthegrowthofpollentube)thegenerativenucleus

dividesmitoticallyP7:toproducetwomalegametes.P8:thetwomalegametesmove/followbehindthetubenucleus

(downthepollentubeuntilthey)reachthemicropyle(andenterovulefordoublefertilisation)

P9:thetubenucleusdisintegratesP10:andthetwomalegametesentertheembryosac.P11:(Duringdoublefertilisation)onemalegametefuseswiththe

eggcell/ovumP12:toformadiploidzygoteandP13:theothermalegametefuseswiththetwopolarnuclei

1

1

11

11

11

111

1


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SULIT 12 4551/2(PP)

P14:toformatriploidnucleus(sodoublefertilizationoccurs)[Any10]

11 10

TOTAL 20

8 (a) Abletoexplainthedifferencesbetweenthetwohumanactivities

Criteria:1. Statethetypesofphenomena2. C:Differencesinthecauses3. E:Differencesintheeffects4. S:Differencesinthewaystoovercome

Sampleanswers:Diagram8.1 Diagram8.2

F1:(Thephenomenonis)acid (Thephenomenonis)thinningrain /depletionofozonel

ayer ThecausesC1:Combustion/Burningof Coolantsinairconditionersfossil fuels inpowerstations/ andrefrigerators/factories/motorvehicles propellantsinaerosolcans/

insulatingfoamC2:releasesulphurdioxide/ Releasechlorofluorocarbon/SO2andoxidesofnitrogen/ CFCmoleculesNOandNO2C3:Formsulphuricacidand Ultravioletradiation(strikesanitricacidwhencombinewith chlorofluorocarbon/CFC

watervapour moleculesandcausesachlorineatomtobreakaway//breaksthebondtoreleasethechlorineatom

C3:FalltoEarthasacidrain/ Chlorineatom(collidesand)snow/hail/fog/frost/dew destroystheozonemolecule

(toformchlorinemonoxideandoxygenmolecule)

[any2C=4m]Theeffects

Agriculture: Leafcellsandchlorophy

llareE1:Leachingofminerals// damagedbyultravioletrays//thesoilbecomeacidic lowertherateof

photosynthesis//reducecropyield

Aquaticecosystem: UltravioletrayskillE2:Increaseacidityinthe microorganisms/aquaticecosystem//kill phytoplankton//destroy//

1

2

2

2

2

2

2


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SULIT 13 4551/2(PP)

accumulateinsolublealuminiumionsinlakesandriverswhichkillaquaticorganismsHealth: Prolongedexposureto

E3:Acidicsoilreleasesionsofultravioletradiationleadtocertainheavymetals/ skincancer/melanoma/contaminatethesupplyof cataract/weakenedthedrinkingwater//irritatethe immunesystemlungs/makebreathingdifficult/asthma/bronchitis.E4:Corrodemetalrailing/ Greenhouseeffect/globalbridges/damagebuildings/ warming//damagetheeggsofstatues/automobiles/ certainamphibians//windstructuresmadeofstone/ patternschange//climaticmetal/historicbuildings changes

[Any2E=2m]Thewaystoovercome/SolutionsS1:Usescrubbers(toclean Reduce/stop/bantheuseofupemissionsfrompower Chlorofluorocarbon/CFCstationsandindustrialplants)S2:Usecatalyticconverters theworldcomplywiththe(tocleanupemissionsfrom MontrealProtocoltoreducevehicleexhausts) theuseofCFCs(tocuttheuse

ofCFCsinhalfbytheyear

1997) [AnyS=1m]

2

2

2

2

11

(b) Abletoexplaintheimportanceofsustainablemanagementoftropicalrainforest.

Criteria:1. Sustainablemanagementoftropicalrainforest2. Explaintheimportanceofconservationand

preservation

Sample answers

F1:Replantingtreesinareasthathavebeenlogged//reforestationE1:tokeeptheecosystem

biology k123 johor spm trial 2011(w ans) p

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