[edu.joshuatly.com] melaka spm trial 2010 biology (w ans)

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4551/1BIOLOGYKertas 1September20101 ¼ jam

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

Dengan Kerjasama

PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUASEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA

CAWANGAN MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAANSIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGY

KERTAS 1

Satu jam lima belas mini t

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan. Jawab semua soalan.

2. Jawab dengan menghitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan.

3. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. Soalan di halaman kiri adalahdalam bahasa Inggeris. Soalan di halaman kanan adalah yang sepadandalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yangberguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecualidinyatakan sebaliknya.

5. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalahdibenarkan.

______________________________________________________________________Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 27 halaman bercetak termasuk kulit.

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Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

1. Diagram 1 shows a plant cell.Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 1

Rajah 1What is organelle X? Apakah organel X?

A Nucleus C ChloroplastNukleus Kloroplas

B Ribosome D MitochondrionRibosom Mitokondria

2.

Which of the following is organelle Q? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah organel Q?

A. Cytoplasm. C Rough endoplasmic reticulum.Sitoplasma Jalinan endoplasma kasar

B. Mitochondria D Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitokondria Jalinan endoplasma licin

3. Potato slices are immersed in 0.01% sucrose solution. After 30 minutes, the slicesare found turgid and hard.Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?

Kepingan ubi kentang direndam dalam air suling. Selepas 30 minit, didapati kepingan itumenjadi segah dan keras.Manakah antara pernyataan berikut dapat menerangkan fenomena ini?

Ribosome can be found freely in the cytoplasm or can be attached to organelle Q.Ribosom boleh ditemui di dalam sitoplasma atau melekat pada organel Q.




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A Potato cell wall will prevents it from shrinkingDinding sel ubi kentang akan mengelakkannya daripada mengecut

B The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solutionSap sel adalah hipotonik terhadap air suling

C The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to diffuse

inSel sap di dalam vakuol mempunyai kepekatan yang tinggi menyebabkan airmeresap masuk ke dalamnya

D The potato cell wall allows the distilled water molecules to diffuse into the cellDinding sel ubi kentang membenarkan molekul sukrosa meresap masuk ke dalamsel

4. Which of the following show passive transport? Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan pengangkutan pasif?

A. I and II C I, II and IIII dan II I, II dan III

B. II and III D I, II and IIIII dan III I, II dan III




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5. Diagram 2 shows a model of the plasma membrane.Rajah 2 menunjukkan model plasma membran.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

What is Y? Apakah Y?

A Cholesterol C Pore proteinKolesterol Protein liang

B Phospholipid D Carrier proteinFosfolipid Protein pembawa

6 . Diagram 3 shows a Paramecium sp.Rajah 3 menunjukkan Paramecium sp.

Diagram 3Rajah 3

What is the process involved in the gaseous exchange as shown in Diagram 3? Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 3?

A Osmosis C Active transportOsmosis Pengangkutan aktif

B Diffusion D Facilitated diffusionResapan Resapan berbantu




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7. Which of the following sequences of organelles involved in the synthesis of

extracellular enzymes is correct? Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan turutan organel yang betul yang terlibat dalam

mensintesis enzim ekstraselular?

A Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulumJasad Golgi Ribosom Jalinan endoplasma kasar

B Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi apparatusJalinan endoplasma kasar Ribosom Jasad Golgi

C Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulumRibosom Jasad Golgi Jalinan endoplasma kasar

D Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatusRibosom Jalinan endoplasma kasar Jasad Gologi

8. Diagram 4 shows a strip of spinach after being immersed in a 5% sucrose solution.Rajah 4 menunjukkan keratan batang bayam di dalam larutan sukrosa 5%.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4

Which of the following shows the appearance of the spinach strip after beingimmersed in distilled water and 15 % sucrose solution? Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan keadaan keratan batang bayam selepasdirendam dalam air suling dan larutan sukrosa 15%?

Distilled waterair suling

15% sucrose solutionlarutan sukrosa 15 %

A

B

C

D




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9. Diagram 5 shows a phase in cell division.Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu fasa pembahagian sel.

Diagram 5/ Rajah 5

Name the stage shows in Diagram 5.Namakan peringkat yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.

A Prophase C Anaphase IProfasa Anafasa I

B Metaphase I D. TelophaseMetafasa I Telofasa

10. The diploid chromosomal number of a cow is 60. If one of the homologous chromosome pairs does not separate during meiosis I ,how many chromosomes can be found in the gametes?Bilangan kromosom diploid bagi seekor lembu ialah 60.Jika satu daripada pasangan kromosom homolog tidak terpisah semasa meiosis I, berapakahbilangan kromosom yang mungkin didapati pada gamet?

A 28 C 59

B 30 D 60

11. Table 1 below shows the percentages of food content for four types of foods,P, Q, R and S.Jadual di bawah menunjukkan peratus kandungan makanan bagi empat jenis makanan P, Q,

R dan S.

Type offoodJenis

makanan

Percentage of food content per 100gPeratus kandungan makanan per 100g

CarbohydrateKarbohidrat

ProteinProtein

FatLemak

P 47 10 2

Q 0 1 85

R 8 25 10

S 37 4 18

Table 1/Jadual 1




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Which food will supply the most energy if the food is taken in the same quantity?Makanan manakah akan membekalkan tenaga paling tinggi, jika diambil dalam kuantiti yangsama?

A. P C Q

B. R D. S

12. Table 2 shows the results of the food tests carried out in a food sample.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan ujian makanan ke atas satu sampel makanan.

Test tubeTabung uji

Food testUjian makanan

ObservationPemerhatian

1Benedict test

Ujian BenedictBlue solutionLarutan biru

2Iodine testUjian Iodin

Dark blueBiru tua

3DCPIP testUjian DCPIP

Colorless solutionLarutan tidak berwarna

The food sample containsSampel makanan mengandungi

I starch III vitamin CKanji vitamin C

II protein IV reducing sugarProtein gula penurun

A I and III C I, II and IIII dan III I, II dan III

B II and III D I, II, III and IVII dan III I, II, III dan IV

13. Which of the following is needed during the light reaction of photosynthesis? Antara yang berikut , yang manakah diperlukan semasa peringkat cahaya tindakbalasfotosintesis?

A ATP C Hydrogen atom ATP Atom hydrogen

B Water D Carbon dioxide Air Carbon dioksida

Table 2Jadual 2




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14. Table 3 shows the result of the experiment to determine the energy value of a peanut.Data berikut merupakan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai tenaga kacangtanah.

Mass of peanutJisim kacang tanah

0.5 (g)

Mass of waterJisim air 20 (g)

Initial temperature of waterSuhu awal air

25 (oC)

Final temperature of waterSuhu akhir air

45 (oC)

Table 3Rajah 3

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1oC-1. Calculate the energy value of thepeanut.

Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 J g-1o

C-1

. Hitung nilai tenaga bagi kacang tanah.

A 1680 Jg-1 C 7560 Jg-1

B 3360 Jg-1 D 11 760 Jg-

15. Diagram 6 shows a child suffering from a disease .Rajah 6 menunjukkan seorang kanak-kanak yang menghidap sejenis penyakit .

Diagram 6Rajah 6

The child suffers the disease because of the lack ofKanak-kanak itu mengidap penyakit tersebut kerana kekurangan

A Vitamin C proteinVitamin protein

B fibre D carbohydrate pelawas karbohidrat




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16 Diagram 7 shows the structure of chloroplast. Which part of A, B, C and Ddoes the dark reaction occur?Rajah 7 menunjukkan stuktur kloroplas. Antara bahagian A, B, C dan D, yang manakahberlakunya tindakbalas cahaya?

Diagram 7Rajah 7

17. Diagram 6 shows the arrangement of equipment required to measure the gaseouscontent of air. Rajah 6 menunjukkan kaedah mengukur kandungan gas di udara.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Length of exhaled air column = 10.0 cmPanjang turus udara

Length of exhaled air column after

treatment with potassium hydroxide = 9.6 cmPanjang turus udara hembusan selepasdi rawat dengan potassium hidroksida

Length of exhaled air column aftertreatment with potassium pyrogallate = 8.5 cmPanjang turus udara hembusan selepasDirawat dengan potassium pirogalat




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What is the percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air?Berapakah peratus kandungan oksigen di dalam udara hembusan?

A 4.2 %B 8.5 %C 11.0 %D 21.0 %

18. Diagram 9 shows parts of the tracheal system of insect. Rajah 9 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem trakea pada serangga.

Diagram 9Rajah 9

What process occurs at X during the gas exchange of the insect? Apakah proses yang berlaku di X semasa pertukaran gas bagi serangga tersebut?

A Diffusion C Facilitated diffusion

Resapan Resapan berbantu

B Osmosis D Active transportOsmosis Pengangkutan aktif

19. Diagram 10 shows the longitudinal section of thorax viewed from the side.Rajah 10 menunjukkan keratan membujur toraks dari pandangan sisi.

Diagram 10/Rajah 10




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During the breathing process, which of the following occurs when the diaphragm isarch shaped ?Semasa proses pernafasan, yang manakah berlaku apabila diafragma melengkung ke atas?

External intercostalsmuscles

Otot interkosta luar

RibcageSangkar rusuk

Movement of airPergerakan udara

A RelaxMengendur

Moves downwardsand inwardsbergerak ke bawah danke dalam

Air is forced out of thelungsUdara ditolak keluar daripeparu

B RelaxMengendur

Moves upwards andoutwardsBergerak ke atas dankeluar

Air is forced out of thelungsUdara ditolak keluar daripeparu

C ContractMengecut

Moves downwardsand inwardsBergerak ke bawah dan

ke dalam

Air is sucked into thelungsUdara disedut ke dalam

peparuD Contract

MengecutMoves upwards andoutwardsBergerak ke atas dankeluar

Air is sucked into thlungsUdara disedut ke dalampeparu

20.

Diagram 11 shows three different types of interaction between organisms.Rajah 11 menunjukkan tiga jenis interaksi di antara organisma.

.

Diagram 11Diagram 11

Which of the following is true about the interactions K, L and M?Manakah di antara berikut benar tentang interaksi K , L dan M ?




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K L M

A Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

B Mutualism Parasitism Saprophytism

C Saprophytism Commensalism Mutualism

D Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism

21. Which of the following are adaptations by the Sonneratia sp. to be able to grow in themangrove swamp? Antara berikut, yang manakah penyesuaian Sonneratia sp. untuk membolehkannyatumbuh di paya bakau?

I Thick and succulent leavesDaun yang tebal dan sukulen

II ViviparyVivipariti

III Buttress roots Akar banir

IV High osmotic pressure in the cell sapTekanan osmosis dalam sap sel tinggi

A I and II C I, II and IIII dan II I, II dan III

B I and III D I, II and IV

I dan III I, II dan IV

22 The chart shows the pathway of nitrogen cycle in leguminous plants.Carta menunjukkan kitaran nitrogen bagi tumbuhan legum.




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What are processes J, K and L? Apakah proses J, K dan L?

J K L

A Nitrification Nitrogen fixation DenitrificationNitrifikasi Pengikatan nitrogen Denitrifikasi

B Nitrogen fixation Denitrification Nitrification Pengikatan nitrogen Denitrifikasi Nitrifikasi

C Denitrification Nitrification Nitrogen fixationDenitrifikasi Nitrifikasi Pengikatan nitrogen

D Denitrification Nitrogen fixation NitrificationDenitrifikasi Pengikatan nitrogen Nitrifikasi

23. A farmer carries out an experiment to estimate the rat population in a farm. Thefarmer captures 70 rats and marks the rats before releasing them. After a week, the

farmer catches 60 rats, of which 5 are marked. What is the estimated rat populationin the farm?

Seorang petani menjalankan ekperimen untuk mengganggar populasi t ikus di ladangnya.Petani itu telah mengangkap 70 ekor tikus pada tangkapan pertama dan menandanyasebelum dilepaskan. Selepas seminggu, petani itu telah menangkap 60 ekor tikus ditempatyang sama dan mendapati 5 ekor adalah bertanda. Berapakah anggaran populasi tikus diladangnya?

A 300 C 370B 350 D 840

24. A former mining ground can form a primary forest.Tanah bekas lombong boleh membentuk hutan primer.Which of the following sequence is correct in the formation of the primary forest? Antara turutan berikut, manakah yang betul dalam pembentukan hutan primer itu?

A Successor, climax community, pioneerPenyesar, komuniti klimaks, perintis

B Pioneer, climax community, successorPerintis, komunti klimaks, penyesar

C Successor, pioneer, climax communityPenyesar, perintis, komuniti klimaks

D Pioneer, successor, climax communityPerintis, penyesar, komuniti klimaks




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25. Nitrates and phosphates from farmland that flow into a lake caused rapid growth

of algae .What is described by the above situation ?Nitrat dan fosfat yang dialirkan dari ladang ke dalam tasik telah menyebabkanpertumbuhan alga yang mendadak. Apakah yang diterangkan oleh situasi di atas ?.

A Eutrophication C Fertilizer accumulationEutrofikasi Pengumpulan baja

B Pesticide pollution D ColonisationPencemaran pestisid Pengkolonian

26 Which of the following are the effects of ozone depletion? Antara berikut yang manakah adalah kesan penipisan ozon?

I MelanomaMelanoma

II Snow stormsRibut salji

III Phytoplankton is killedFitoplankton mati

IV The rate of photosynthesis increasesKadar fotosintesis meningkat

A I and II C II and IVI dan II II dan IV

B I and III D III and IVI dan III III dan IV

27 Diagram 13 shows the impacts of phenomenon PRajah 13 menunjukkan kesan daripada fenomena P.

Diagram 13Rajah 13




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What is phenomenon P ? Apakah fenomena P ?

A Green house effect C Thermal pollutionKesan rumah hijau Pencemaran terma

B Ozone depletion D Global warmingPenipisan lapisan ozon Pemanasan global

28. Diagram 14 shows a longitudinal section of the human heart.Rajah 14 menunjukkan suatu keratan membujur jantung manusia.

Diagram 14Rajah 14

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C and D pumps blood to all parts of the body? Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D yang manakah mengepam darah ke seluruh badan?

29.

Diagram 15 shows a stage in the blood clotting mechanism.Rajah 15 menunjukkan satu peringkat di dalam mekanisme pembekuan darah.

Diagram 15Rajah 15




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Which of the following statement explains this stage? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan peringkat ini?

A Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombinTromboplastin menukarkan protrombin kepada trombin

B Thrombin converts fibrinogen to meshwork of fibrin.Trombin menukarkan fibrinogen kepada jaringan fibrin

C Platelets stimulate the formation of meshwork of fibrin.Platlet meransang pembentukan jaringan fibrin.

D Platelets release the thromboplastin to form meshwork of fibrin.Platlet membebaskan tromboplastin untuk membentuk jaringan fibrin

30. Diagram 16 shows a structure of stoma. Rajah 16 menunjukkan satu struktur stoma.

Diagram 16Rajah 16

Which of the following factors will cause the stomata to open wider ? Antara faktor berikut, yang manakah akan menyebabkan stoma terbuka dengan luas ?

I The starch content increasesKandungan kanji bertambah

II Water diffuses into the guard cells Air meresap masuk ke dalam sel pengawal

III The osmotic pressure of the guard cells increasesTekanan osmosis sel pengawal meningkat

IV There is no lightTiada cahaya

A II and III C III and IVII dan III III dan IV

B II and IV D I,II,III and IVII dan IV I,II,III dan IV




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31 Diagram 17 shows a parts of blood circulatory system.Rajah 17 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada system peredaran darah.

Diagram 17Rajah 17

What is the substances does not contain in X?Manakah bahan yang tidak terkandung dalam X?

A Glucose C Plasma proteinGlukosa Protein plasma

B hormones D leucocyteshormon leukosit

32 Diagram 18 shows a cross section of a part of a dicotyledonous plantRajah 18 menunjukkan keratan rentas satu bahagian tumbuhan dikotilidan

Diagram 18Rajah18

Which labelled part function to transport water and mineral ions ?Bahagian berlabel yang manakah berfungsi untuk mengangkut air dan garam mineral ?




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33 Which type of immunity is obtained by injecting vaccine into the body? Apakah jenis keimunan yang akan diperolehi dengan menyuntik vaksin ke dalam badan?

A Artificial acquired active immunity

Keimunan aktif buatan

B Artificial acquired passive immunityKeimunan pasif buatan

C Naturally acquired active immunityKeimunan aktif semulajadi

D Naturally acquired passive immunityKeimunan pasif semulajadi

34 Diagram 19 shows the bones of a human.Rajah 19 menunjukkan tulang-tulang pada manusia.

Diagram 19/Rajah 19

Which of the following forms a ball and socket joint ? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah membentuk sendi lesung dan soket ?

A P and R C P and SP dan R P dan S

B Q and R D Q and SQ dan R Q dan S

35 Diagram 20 shows an aquatic plant.Rajah 20 menunjukkan satu tumbuhan terapung.

Diagram 20/ Rajah 20




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How can the plant shown in Diagram 20 float?Bagaimanakah tumbuhan dalam Rajah 20 terapung?

A It has a big flowerMempunyai bunga yang besar

B The stem has many thornsBatangnya mempunyai banyak duri

C The stem has a lot of xylem tissuesBatangnya mempunyai banyak tisu xylem

D The stem and leaves have a lot of air sacsBatang dan daunnya mengandungi banyak kantung udara

36 Which are the following are involuntary action? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah tindakan tidak terkawal?

I Riding a bicycleMengayuh basikal

II PeristalsisPeristalsis

III HeartbeatDenyutan jantung

IV Winking eyeMengenyit mata

A I and IV C I and III dan IV I dan II

B II and III D III and IVII dan III III dan IV

37 Diagram 21 shows a human lumbar vertebra.Rajah 21 menunjukkan vertebra lumbar manusia.





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What is the function of X and Y?

A Protection for spinal cordMelindungi saraf tunjang

B Surfaces for muscles attachmentPermukaan untuk perlekatan otot

C Surfaces for vertebral jointsPermukaan untuk sendi vertebra

D Surfaces for ribs articulationPermukaan untuk bersendi dengan tulang rusuk

38. A farmer sprays all the mangoes in his farm with hormone X to ensure that all themangoes ripen at the same time. What is hormone X?Seorang petani menyembur semua buah mangga di ladangnya dengan hormon Xbagi memastikan semua mangganya masak pada masa yang sama. Apakah hormon X?

A Auxins C Cytokinin Auksin Sitokinin

B Ethylene D GibberilinEthelin Giberilin

39 Diagram 22 shows the structure of a nephron.Rajah 21 menunjukkan struktur nefron.

Diagram 22Rajah 22

Diagram 22Rajah 22




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Which of the following may occur if collecting duct is more permeable to water?Manakah antara berikut yang mungkin berlaku jika ketelapan duktus pengumpul terhadap airmeningkat ?

A The urine produced is more but in a dilute formUrin yang dihasilkan lebih banyak dan dalam keadaan cair

B The urine produced is little but concentratedUrin yang dihasilkan sedikit dan pekat

C Concentration and the amount of urine decreaseKepekatan dan kuantiti urin berkurangan

D Concentration and the amount of urine increaseKepekatan dan kuantiti urin meningkat.

40 Diagram 23 shows the structure involved in reflex action.Rajah 23 menunjukkan struktur yang terlibat dalam tindakan refleks.

Diagram 23Rajah 23


Which of the following shows the correct sequence for the above action?

Antara berikut, manakah menuniukkan urutan yang betul bagi tindakan di atas?

A Y X W Z

B Y Z W X

C X W Z Y

D X Z Y W




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41 Which of the following should be done by the patient to maintain a normal bloodsugar level? Antara berikut, manakah yang perlu dilakukan oleh pesakit itu untuk mengekalkanaras gula darah yang normal?

A Take glucose injectionsMengambil suntikan glukosa

B Take a balanced dietMengamalkan pengambilan gizi yang seimbang

C Take insulin and glucagon injectionsMengambil suntikan insulin dan glukagon

D Reduce intake of high calorie foodMengurangkan pengambilan makanan berkalori tinggi

42 Diagram 24 shows the process of sperms formation.Rajah 24 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sperma.

Diagram 24Rajah 24

A medical check-up shows that a patient`s pancreas is damagedand has to be removed

Pemeriksaan doktor mendapati menunjukkan seorang pesakit telahmengalami kerosakan pada pankreas dan perlu dibuang.




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What are the process labelled P , Q, R and S? Apakah proses yang berlabel P, Q, R dan S?

P Q R S

A MitosisMitosis

DifferentiationPembezaan

Meiosis IMeiosis I

Meiosis llMeiosis ll

B DifferentiationPembezaan

MitosisMifosls

Meiosis lIMeiosis ll

Meiosis IMeiosis I

C MitosisMitosls

Meiosis IMeiosis I



D Meiosis IMeiosis I



MitosisMifosls

43. Diagram 25 shows the stages in the development of a follicle in an ovary.Rajah 25 menunjukkan peringkat perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari.

Diagram 25Rajah 25

What is the hormone secreted by W?

Apakah hormon yang dirembeskan oleh W?

A Oestrogen C Luteinising hormoneEstrogen Hormon peluteinan

B Progesterone D Follicle stimulating hormoneProgesteron Hormon perangsang folikel




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44. Diagram 26 shows a method of birth control use by a mother.Rajah 26 menunjukkan kaedah mencegah kehamilan digunakan oleh seorang ibu

Diagram 26Rajah

26

What is the consequences of this type of birth control ? Apakah kesan ekoran dari pencegahan kehamilan jenis ini ?

A Ovum cannot be produced.Ovum tidak dapat dihasilkan

B The female sex hormones cannot be secreted .Hormon seks perempuan tidak dapat dirembeskan

C Sperm cells would be unable to enter the uterus.Sel sperma tidak dapat memasuki uterus

D Sperm cells would be unable to reach the ovum

Sel sperma tidak dapat mendekati ovum

45 Diagram 27 shows part of a flower at one stage during reproduction.Rajah 27 menunjukkan satu peringkat pada bahagian bunga semasa pembiakan.





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Which of the following is structure X? Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan struktur X?

A. Polar nuclei C. Synergid cellNukleus kutub Sel sinergid

B. Pollen grain D. Antipodal cellButir debunga Sel antipodal

46 Which of the following sequence is the development of the human zygote? Antara turutan berikut , yang manakah peringkat perkembangan zigot?

A Zygote morula blastocyst embryoZigot morula blastosista embrio

B Zygote blastocyst morula embryoZigot blastosista morula embrio

C Zygote morula foetus embryoZigot morula fetus embrio

D Zygote embryo foetus blastocystZigot embrio fetus blastosista

47 Diagram 28 shows a dihybrid cross between two pea plants.Rajah 28 menunjukkan kacukan dihibrid di antara dua pokok kacang

Diagram 28

Rajah 28

Diagram 28 / Rajah 28




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Which of the following shows the correct genotypes for I, II and III ?Yang manakah di antara berikut menunjukkun genotip yang betul untuk I, II dan III?

I II III

A BG BG bBGg

B BB Gg BBgg

C GG Bb bbGG

D BG bg BbGg

48 A boy has blood group B and his sister has blood group A.Which is the correct combination of genotypes belonging totheir parents?Seorang kanak-kanak lelaki mempunyai kumpulan darah B dan kakaknya mempunyaikumpulan darah A. Kombinasi genotip manakah yang betul yang dipunyai oleh ibu bapa

mereka?

FatherBapa

MotherIbu

A AB AB

B AA BB

C AA BO

D BO BO

49 Diagram 29 shows a pair of identical twins. Which of the following caused thedifference in their heights'?Rajah 29 rnenunjukkan sepasang kembar seiras. Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmenyebabkan perbezaan ketinggian antara mereka?





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A Genetic factors C Random fertilizationFaktor genetik Persenyawaan secara ruwak

B Environmental factors D Crossing over during meiosis Faktor persekitaran Pindah silang

50 The following information is about two individuals, P and Q.Berikut adalah maklumat tentang dua individu, P dan Q

Which factor causes the difference in traits for the two individuals? Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan perbezaan trait untuk kedua individu ?

A Genetic C HormoneGenetik Hormon

B Environment D MutationPersekitaran Mutasi

END OF THE QUESTIONKERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Individual P : Having dimplesIndividu P : Berlesung pipit

Individual Q : Not having dimplesIndividu Q : Tidak berlesung pipit




29/93

SULIT 4551/3

4551/3


Dengan Kerjasama

PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA

SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA

CAWANGAN NEGERI MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2010

BIOLOGY

Kertas 1

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

_____________________________________________________________________




30/93

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM (2010 )NEGERI MELAKA

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN BIOLOGY (4551/1)

1 D 26 B

2 C 27 D

3 C 28 D

4 B 29 B

5 B 30 A

6 B 31 C

7D

32 D

8 A

33 A

9B

34 C

10

A

35 D

11C

36 B

12 A

37 B

13B

38 B

14B

39 B

15C

40 C

16 A

41 C

17 C 42 C

18 A

43 B

19 A 44 D

20 C 45 A

21 D 46 A

22 C 47 D

23 D 48 A

24 D 49 B

25 A 50 A




31/93

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 27 halaman bercetak termasuk kulit

4551/2 [Lihat sebelah]

SULIT Nama

4551/2Biology TingkatanKertas 2 September

2010 2 ½ jam

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGY

Kertas 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa

Bahagian No. Markah

1

2

A 3

4

5

Jumlah

6

B

7

8

9

Jumlah

Jumlah Besar


Dengan Kerjasama

PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUASEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (PKPSM)

CAWANGAN MELAKA

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian Bahagian A dan Bahagian B .Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan daripadaBahagian B

2. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yangdisediakan dalam kertas soalan. Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira hendaklahditunjukkan.

3. Jawapan kepada Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yangdisediakan dalam kertas soalan . Anda diminta menjawab dengan lebih panjangtetapi jawapan mestilah jelas dan logik. Dalam jawapan anda, persamaan,gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapananda boleh digunakan.

4. Anda hendaklah menyerahkan kertas tulis dan kertas graf tambahan, jikadigunakan, bersama-sama dengan kertas soalan.

5. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yangberguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukiskan mengikut skala kecuali

dinyatakan sebaliknya.

6. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalahdibenarkan.

7. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Bahagian A ialah 90 minit , BahagianB ialah 60 minit.




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33/93

1. Di Ra

(a) (i)

(ii

gram 1 sh jah1 menunj

Name org Namakan o

……………

) Name theNamakan s

P : ……… Q : ………

R: ………

S : ………

AJa

ws a crosskkan satu k

n K.rgan K

……………

structures lruktur yang

……..………

…………….

……………

……………

[B

[[6

nswer all qab semua s

section ofratan rentas

Diagr

…………

belled P,erlabel P, Q,

……………

...................

…………

….............

2

ection Aahagian A]

0 marks]0 markah]

estion in thialan dalam

n organ Korgan K dal

m 1 ./ Rajah

…………

, R and S. R dan S.

……………

..................

…………

...................

s section.ahagian ini.

in plant.m tumbuha

1

……………

…………

...................

……………

...................

.

……………

…………

...................

……………

...................

……………[ 1 mar

………

..........

………

...........[ 2 mark

k]

s]

F

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Us

1(a

1(a

i

e

)




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3

(b)(i) Table 2 shows the function s of structure P.Jadual 2 menunjukkan fungsi struktur P.

Absorbing sun lightMenyerap cahaya matahari

Transporting waterMengangkut air

Transporting organic matterMengangkut bahan organik

As a supporting tissueSebagai tisu penyokong

Table 2/ Jadual 2

Tick (√) one correct function of P , in the boxes provided in Table 2.Tandakan ( √ ) bagi fungsi P yang betul dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe briefly how structure P is adapted to it’s function.Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana struktur P disesuaikan untuk menjalankanfungsinya.

……………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………..………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(c) Structure R and S are categorized as tissues.

State reasons why R and S are classified as tissues.

Struktur R dan S dikategorikan sebagai tisu. Nyatakan sebab mengapa R dan Smerupakan tisu.

R : …...........................................................................................................................

…................................................................................................................................

S : ............................................................................................................................

…................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

Fo

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1(b)

1(b)

1(c




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4

(d) Pn. Marina decided to make salted mustard She immersed the spinach in

concentrated salt solution for certain period of time . Explain what happed to themustard cell s in the concentrated salt solution.Pn. Marina bercadang untuk membuat sawi masin. Dia merendam sawi itu ke dalamlarutan garam pekat pada tempoh masa tertentu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………[4 marks]

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1(d

Tota




36/93

2. DR

(a) (i

(ii

(b)

agram 2.1ajah 2.1 men

Name str Namakan

) State theNyatakan

…………

The somat2.2.and DiSel somatikdalam Raja

State the bNyatakan p

hows a sounjukkan sel

ctures Q astruktur Q d

unction offungsi R.

…………

ic cell in Diagram 2.3 .

dalam Rajah2.2 dan Raj

ehaviour ofrlakuan kro

atic cell insomatik dala

Di

d R in Diagn R pada R

.

……………

gram 2.1 u

2.1 telah meh 2.3.

he chromoosom di dala

5

n organismm satu orga

agram 2.1ajah 2.1

ram 2.1. jah 2.1

……………

dergoes ce

njalani pemb

omes in thm ruangan y

.isma.

……………

ll division a

ahagian sel s

e spaces pr ang disediak

Q :

R :

……………

shown in

epertimana

ovided.an.

[ 2 marks

…………[1 mar

iagram

itunjukkan

]

k]

F

Exam

Us

2(a

2(a

i

e

)

)




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6

Metaphase in mitosisPeringkat Metafasa dalam mitosis

Metaphase I in meiosisPeringkat Metafasa I dalam meiosis

Diagram 2.2Rajah 2.2 Diagram 2.3Rajah 2.3

Behaviour of chromosome.Perlakuan kromosom

.................................................................

.................................................................

.................................................................

Behaviour of chromosomePerlakuan kromosom

.................................................................

.................................................................

.................................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(c) State the number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes produced at the endof the process as in Diagram 2.3.Nyatakan bilangan sel anak dan bilangan kromosom yang dihasilkan pada akhir prosessepertimana dalam Rajah 2.3.

(i) Number of daughter cells / Bilangan sel anak: ............................................................

(ii) Number of chromosomes / Bilangan kromosom: ........................................................[ 2 marks]

2(b

2(c

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38/93

(d) NN

1

2

(e)i

.Rk

ame two ceamakan dua

: ................

: ................

iagram 2.4to three pa

ajah 2.4 danpada tiga b

Explainfrom DiTerangkmengha

...……

...……

...……

...……

lls producedsel yang dih

...................

...................

and Diagr ts at point

Rajah 2.5 mhagian pada

the procesgram 2.4 t

an proses yasilkan peruba

…………

…………

…………

…………

Diagram 2. Rajah 2.4

through msilkan melal

..................

..................

m 2.5 sho X and Y.

nunjukkan ptitik X dan Y.

that cause Diagram 2

ng menyebahan dari Raj

……………

……………

……………

……………

7

iosis in hui proses me

...................

...................

s the regen

ertumbuhan.

the chang.5.kan pertumh 2.4 kepad

……………

……………

……………

……………

ans.sis dalam m

...................

...................

eration of a

semula plan

s in the str

uhan semula Rajah 2.5.

….…………

….…………

….…………

….…………

Dia Ra

anusia.

...................

...................

planaria aft

ria setelah di

ucture of th

pada planar

……………

……………

……………

……………

gram 2.5 jah 2.5

...................

...................

[2 mark

er being cut

ipotong

planarian

ia yang

……………

……………

……………

…………… [ 3 marks

..

..

s]

]

F

Exam

Us

2(

Tot

2(

i

e

d

e




39/93

3.

(

(b

Figure 3.Rajah 3.1mekanism

) Based ostructure

Berdasar kaca dan

Glass tu

Bell jar/

) (i) The tsysteWhatKepin

Apaka

…… ……

1 representmenunjukkaa respirasi.

the modelto the glas

an model pealang locen

e / Salur kac

Balang locen

in rubber s.

is the functian getah nip

h fungsi kepi

…………

…………

a model ofsatu model

Di

Diagra

of the lungss tube and taru pada R pada siste

a :…………

g:…………

eet repres

on of the thiis mewakili dngan getah n

……………

……………

8

the humanpeparu manu

agram 3.1

3.1 / Raja

in Figure 3.he bell jar i jah 3.1, apa respirasi m

……………

…………

nts the dia

n rubber shiafragma paipis ini dala

……………

……………

lungs in thesia yang terli

3.1

1, what arethe humanah struktur ynusia?

……………

…………

hragm in th

et in the ma sistem res model pepa

……………

……………

respiratorybat dalam pr

the equival respiratoryang ditunjuk

……………

……………

e human re

odel of the lpirasi manusiru di atas?

…………

…………

mechanismses

ntsystem?an oleh salu

…………

………….[2 mark

piratory

ngs?a.

…………

………… [1 mar

.

r

s]

.

.k]

F

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Us

3(

3(b

i

e

a

)




40/93

(c)

(ii) The bExplaBelonTeran

……

…… ……

(i) The stri

Draw thTali padLukiska

(ii) ObExpyouKajiTer luki

…

… … …

lloons repr in one char mewakili pepkan satu ciri

…………

…………

…………

ng in the me changes ta model pep perubahan

erve your dlain the relahave drawnlukisan yangngkan hubu dengan kea

……………

……………

……………

……………

sent the hcteristic ofaru manusia belon yang

..…………

……………

……………

del of the lo the balloru dilepaskayang berlaku

Di

rawing in (ctionship bet and the redilukis padagan antara paan sebena

……………

……………

……………

……………

9

man lungs.he balloons.epadan den

…………

……………

……………

ngs is releans in Diagr .pada belon

agram 3.2

)(i).een the ch

l human resoalan (c)(i)erubahan yar sistem resp

……………

……………

……………

……………

which is si

an peparu

…………

……………

……………

sed..am 3.2 bel

pada Rajah

anges in thpiratory sy

di atas.ng berlaku pirasi manusi

…………

…………

…………

…………

ilar to the

anusia.

……………

…………

…………

w.

.2 di bawah.

model of ttem.

da model pe.

…………

…………

…………

…………

uman lung

…………….

…………

………… [2 mark

[1 mar

e lungs

paru yag di

……………

……………

……………

…………… [3 mark

.

.

.

.s]

k]

.

.

.

.s]

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3(b

3(c

3

r

)

)




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10

(d) (i) The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired and expiredair is determined by using the J-tube.Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium hydroxide solution andthen followed by potassium pyrogallol solution?Peratus kandungan gas oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam udara sedut dan udarahembus dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan J-tube.

Mengapakah hunjung J-tube direndam dalam larutan potassium hydrosida dandiikuti dengan larutan potasium pyrogalol?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Table 3.3 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expiredair.Jadual 3.3 menunjukkan keputusan penentuan kandungan udara sedut dan udarahembus.

Type of gasJenis gas

Inspired air / %Udara sedut / %

Expired air / %Udara hembus /

%

Oxygen / Oksigen 21.0 16.0

Carbon dioxide / Karbon dioksida 0..04 4.0

Nitrogen gas / Gas nitrogen 78.0 78.0

Water vapour / Wap air Vary / sedikit Saturated / tepu

Table 3.3Jadual 3.3

Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in theexpired air.Terangkan mengapakah peratus karbon dioksida bertambah dalam udara hembus.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

3(d)

Tota

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3(d)




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11

4. Diagram 4.1 shows a graph on how the endometrium in the human uterus variesin thickness with time. Fertilisation took place on the 16 th day of the secondmonth.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan graf bagaimana endometrium di dalam uterus manusia bebezadari segi ketebalan mengikut masa. Persenyawaan berlaku pada hari ke 16 bulan kedua.

Diagram 4.1Rajah 4.1

(a) (i ) State the process which took place at X.Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di X.

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Based on the Diagram 4.1, state one reason to support your answer in(a) (i)Berdasarkan Rajah43.1, nyatakan satu sebab untuk menyokong jawapan anda di(a) ( i )

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..[ 1 mark ]

Fo

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4(a)

4(a)




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12

(b) ( i ) Complete the graph in Diagram 4.1 to show the changes in the thicknessof the endometrium after day 22 in the second month until day 28 of thethird month.Lengkapkan graf didalam Rajah 3.1 untuk menunjukkan perubahan padaketebalan endometrium selepas hari ke 22 pada bulan kedua sehingga hari ke 28pada bulan ketiga.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Explain why the thickness of the endometrium changes in the way shown in(b) (i).Nyatakan mengapa ketebalan endometrium berubah seperti yang di tunjukkan di(b) ( i)

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..[ 2 marks ]

(c) ( i ) Based on the changes in Diagram 3.1, complete Diagram 3.2 to indicatethe level of the hormone progesterone from the first to the third months.Berdasarkan perubahan pada Rajah 3.1, lengkapkan Rajah 3.2 untuk

menunjukkan aras hormone progesterone dari bulan pertama ke bulan kedua.[ 1 mark ]


Fo

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4(b)

4(b)




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13

(ii) Explain the changes in the level of progesterone in the three months asshown in Diagram 4.2.Terangkan perubahan tahap progesterone dalam 3 bulan seperti yang ditunjukkandalam Rajah 4.2.

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..

…………………...………………………………………………………….………..[ 2 marks ]

(d) Explain the changes in the level of progesterone when the women facesmenopause.Terangkan perubahan tahap progesteron apabila seseorang wanita itu telah putus haid

………………………...………………………………………………………….………..

………..……………...…………………….…………………………………….………..

………………………...………………………………………………………….………..

………………………...………………………………………………………….………..[ 2 marks ]


(e) Diagram 4.3 shows the process of sperm formation in the human testis. Are cells V, cell W and cell X genetically identical? Explain. Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sperma di dalam testis manusia.

Adakah sel V, sel W dan sel X seiras dari segi genetiknya? Terangkan.

[ 2 marks ]

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4(b)

4(d

4(e

Tota




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14

5. Diagram 5.1 shows the karyotypes of individuals P and Q.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan kariotip individu P dan Q


(a) Name process R / Namakan proses R

................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) (i) Write the number and type of chromosomes inherited by gametes T and V.Tuliskan jumlah dan jenis kromosome yang diwarisi oleh gamet T dan V.

Gamete T:....................................................................................................

Gamete V: ..................................................................................................[2 marks]

(ii) Name two differences between gametes T and V.Nyatakan dua perbezaan diantara gamet T dan V

1: ...................................................................................................................

2: ...................................................................................................................[2 marks]

Fo

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5(a

5(b)

5(b)




46/93

15

(c) Colour blindness is a sex-linked disease which is inherited through the Xchromosomes. The diagram below shows the inheritance of colour blind in afamily.Buta warna adalah satu penyakit rangkaian seks yang diwarisi melalui kromosom X.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan perwarisan buta warna di dalam keluarga.

(i) Complete the diagram 5.2 to show the inheritance of colour blind in thefamily.Lengkapkan Rajah 5.2 yang menunjukkan perwarisan buta warna di dalam keluarga


[3 marks]

(ii) Based on your answers in (c)(i), state the percentage of the offspring that wouldsuffer from colour blindness.Berdasarkan jawapan anda di ( c ) (i), nyatakan peratus bilangan anak yang akanmenghidapi buta warna.

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(iii) Name another example of sex-linked disease.

Namakan satu contoh lain penyakit rangkaian seks

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

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5(c)

5(c)

5(c)




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16

(d) A papaya farmer wants to produce a large number of Exotica papaya in the shortesttime possible. State the best technique to use by the farmer. What is the geneticadvantage of using this technique?Seorang peladang betik ingin menghasilkan betik Exotica dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalammasa yang singkat. Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh peladangtersebut. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik ini dari segi genetic?

.......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

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5(d

Tota




48/93

6. (a

) (i) Diagra urine f

Rajah 6 pembe

BaseBerdBerda

m 6.1 showrmation.

.1 menunjuktukan urin.

on Diagramsarkan sarkan Rajah

SB

[[4

Answer aJawab man

the format

an pembent

Di

6.1 , descri

6.1, huraika

17

ections Bahagian B

0 marks]0 markah]

y two quea-mana dua

ion of glom

kan turasan

agram 6.1Rajah 6.1

be briefly th

secara ring

tions.soalan.

rular filtrate

glomerular

e formation

kas pembent

in process

elalui prose

of the glom

ukan turasan

during

s Y semasa

rular filtrat

glomerular.

[ 4 marks

]




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18

(ii) En. Kamal was informed by his doctor that his left kidney fail to function.By using your biology knowledge, explain the effect of hiskidney failure on his health and give a suggestion to overcome this problem.

En. Kamal telah dimaklumkanoleh doktornya akan kegagalan fungsi buah pinggang

kirinya . Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan kesan kegagalanfungsi buah pinggang ke atas kesihatan beliau dan berikan cadangan untukmembantu mengatasi masalah ini.

[ 6 marks ]

(c) Table 6 .2 shows the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma, glomorularfiltration and urine of an adult.Jadual 6 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan dalam plasma darah, turasan glomerular dan airkencing seorang dewasa.

SoluteBahan

Concentration of solutes (g/dm3

)Kepekatan larutan (g/dm

3)

Blood plasmaPlasma darah

Glomerular filtrateTurasan glomerular

Urine Air kencing

GlucoseGlukosa

1.0 1.0 0.0

Amino acid Asid amino

1.5 1.5 0.0

ProteinProtein

80.0 0.0 0.0

UreaUrea

0.3 0.3 20.0

Sodium ion, Na+

Ion Natrium, Na+ 3.2 3.2 1.6

Table 6.2 / Jadual 6.2

Base on the Table 6.2 , explain why the concentration of solutes in the plasma,glomerular filtration and urine of the adult are differ.Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa kepekatan bahan dalam plasma darah,turasan glomerular dan air kencing seorang dewasa tersebut berbeza.

[ 10 marks ]




50/93

7. (

cDP

(b)t

Rp

) Diagram Rajah 7.

Diagra

ith a suitaharacteristiengan meng dan ciri Q.

iagram 7.3rough genajah 7.3 meenghasilan h

7.1 and 7.2 dan 7.2 me

7.1 / Raja

ble examplc Q.gunakan con

shows fewtic engene

nunjukkan sermon insulin

shows theunjukkan du

7.1

es, explain

oh yang ses

tages that iring techno

bahagian da melalui tekn

Diagra

19

distributiona jenis varia

Di

the type o

ai, terangka

nvolved in tlogy..ipada peringologi kejurut

7.3 / Raja

of two typei pada manu

agram 7.2

variation

n jenis varias

he producti

kat yang terliraan genetik

h 7.3

f variationssia.

/ Rajah 7.2

or charact

i yang ditunj

n of insulin

bat dalam pr .

in human.

ristic P an

kkan oleh ci

[4 mark

hormone

ses

d

i

]




51/93

(c)

By usinginsulin hoBerdasarkbagi meng

Rajah 7.affected tRajah 7.4.kucing. Rperbezaa

Explain hin DiagraHuraikanahli-ahli k

your biologrmone prodan pengetahhasilkan hor

.1 shows dhe differenc1 memperlih jah 7.4.2 pul itu.

ow this facts 7.4.1.

agaimana faluarga kucin

knowledguction.an biologi aon insulin .

ifferences aes. atkan perbezla menunjuk

Diaram

Diagram

rs in the di

ktor-faktor d dalam Raja

20

, explain h

da , huraika

mong cats.

aan antara ian faktor-fa

.4.1 /Rajah

7.4.2 /Raja

gram will c

lam rajah boh 7.4.1.

w this tech

bagaimana

Diagram 7.

dividu –indivtor terlibat y

7.4.1

h 7.4.2

use the dif

leh menyeba

ology can

teknologi ini

.2 shows t

idu dalam sng menyeba

erences am

bkan perbez

e use in

dijalankan

[6 marka

e factors

tu keluargabkan

ong the cat

aan antara

[10 marka

]

]




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8

(a) By using a flow chart describe how pollen grains are formed in plants.

Huraikan pembentukan butir debunga di dalam tumbuhan dengan menggunakan cartaalir.

[10 marks]

(b) Describe how infertility is overcome in humans using the following methods:

Huraikan bagaimana kemandulan pada manusia boleh diatasi dengan menggunakankaedah-kaedah berikut :

Sperm banking [Bank sperma]

Artificial insemination [Permanian beradas]

In vitro fertilization [Persenyawaan in vitro]

Surrogate mother [Ibu tumpang]

[10 marks]

Sexual reproduction in plants involve the production of pollen grains and ovules.Pembiakan seksual dalam tumbuhan melibatkan penghasilan butir debunga dan ovul.

Reproduction technology has contributed a lot to human health and populationgrowth.

Teknologi pembiakan telah banyak menyumbang kepada kesihatan dan pertumbuhanpopulasi manusia.




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9. (a) A group of farmers planned to develop an agriculture nearby the lake. Besidesto obtaining a high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area be made into

a eco-tourism area. The following are a part of the details of their planning:

Sekumpulan peladang merancang menjalankan aktiviti pertanian berhampiran sebuahtasik. Selain menguruskan ladang pertanian, mereka bercadang untuk

membangunkan satu kawasan perlancongan. Rancangan pertanian yangdirancangkan adalah seperti di bawah:

Based on the detail above, explain the effect on the lake if their planning is notmanaged properly.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, terangkan kesan ke atas tasik ini akibat

pengurusan yang tidak terancang.[10 marks]

Type of plants : Strawberry and rose plant.Jenis Tanaman : Strawberi dan bunga ros.

Location : Near a natural lake.Lokasi : Berhampiran tasik semulajadi.

Type of fertilisers used:Compost, lead nitrat salt, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate

and phosphate.

Jenis baja yang digunakan: Baja kompos, garam nitrat, potasiumnitrat, magnesium nitrat dan fosfat.




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(

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9 shows onent.enunjukkannan yang tid

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23

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to the envirhadap alam

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onment.sekitar.

[10 mark

]




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ANSWER SHEETRUANG JAWAPAN

QUESTION NUMBER : _______________ NOMBOR SOALAN : ________

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QUESTION NUMBER : _______________ NOMBOR SOALAN : ___________

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly inspaces provided in the question paper.Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B onthe answer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations,

diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagiBahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalamkertas soalan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf, dan caralain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan .

5. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown inbrackets.Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam

kurungan.

6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Thenwrite down the new answer.Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat.Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru.

7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.

8. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60minutes for Section B.

Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian

A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.




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SULIT 4551/2

4551/2


Dengan Kerjasama

PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA

SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA

CAWANGAN NEGERI MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2010

BIOLOGY

Kertas 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

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TRIAL SPM MELAKA 2010

MARKING SCHEMEBIOLOGY PAPER 2

Section A

No Marking CriteriaMark

Max1(a)(i)(ii)

(b)(i)

(b)(ii)

(c)

(d)

LeafP:: Pollisade mesophyllQ: Sponge mesophyllR: XylemS: Floem

Absorbing sun light (/)

consist abundant of chloroplast that contain chlorophyll

chlorophyll absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

R: consist of xylem vessel, tracheid, parenchyma and xylemfibre; more than one type of cell

S: consist of cell companion cell, sieve tube, parenchyma,phloem fibre; more than one type of cell.

- spinach cell become flaccid // plasmolysed- water diffuse out of the cell by osmosis- the cytoplasma abd the vacuole will shrink- the cell membrane pull away from the cell wall

13 = 1 mark4= 2 marks

1

11

11

1111

1

2

1

2

2

4

12marks

2(a)(i)

(ii)

(b)

(c) (i)(ii)

(d)

(e)

P: chromosomeR: centromer

Hold two sister chromatid together

Diagram 2.2: Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindlefibre / metaphase plate

Diagram 2.3: Homologous chromosomes align at the equater ofthe spindle fibre / metaphase plate.

42

1. ovum / egg cell2. sperm / spermatids

- Mitosis produce new cells- That are identical to planaria body cell- The cells are used to regenerate new part / organ of planaria

bodies

11

1

1

1

11

11

111

2

1

2

2

2

312

mark




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3.(a)

(b)(i)

(ii)

(c) (i)

(ii)

d(i)

(ii)

Trachea /Rib cage / ribs

To increase / decrease the pressure / volume in the bell jar

- elastic

- can expand (inhalation) and contract/ decrease in size(exhalation )

- both balloons decreasein size

- the string represent the diaphragm- when the diaphragm muscles contract,- the volume of the thorax increase- this will decrease the thorax pressure- air will be inhale

- To prevent oxygen gas being absorbed by the potassiumpyrogallol solution as it can absorb both carbon dioxideand oxygen .

- The concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the cellbody; released from the cellular respiration

- Carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood to be transport tothe lungs.

11

1

1

1

1

1111

1

1

11

2

1

2

1

3

1

2

12marks

4(a)(i)

(ii)

(b)(i)

Menstruation

The endometrium begins to break down1

1

1

1

1

1




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(ii)

(c )(i)

(ii)

(d)

(e)

P1 : The endometrium begin to became thicker, for preparationfor the implantation of a fertilized ovum

P2 : The endometrium keep thickening due to the level ofprogesterone and oestrogen continue to rise becausefertilization occurs.

P3 : The corpus luteum continues to secrete oestrogen andprogesterone

P1 : Increasing in progesterone level will stimulate the uterinewall to became thicker

P2 : When the fertilization occur, the level of progesteronecontinue to rise to ensure the uterine walls continue to growand nourish the embryo

P1 :The level of progesterone become lowerP2: Ovaries are less stimulated by FSH and LH

P3: P2 lead to inhibits the development of the follicles andovulation

F : Cell V is similar to cell W but is different from cell X.P : Cell V and cell W are products of mitosis whereas cell

X is a product of meiosis.

11

1( any 2)

1

1

1

11

1( any 2)

11

2

1

2

2

2

12




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5( a)

(b)(i)

(ii)

( c )

(i)

(ii)(iii)

(d)

Process R.: Meiosis

Gamete T: 22 + XYGamete V: 22 + XX

Gametes T have a pair of homologous chromosomes that have

different sizes, chromosomes pair XYGametes V consists of all chromosomes pairs with the same size

and homologous,

Normal Female Normal Colour blindnessFemale carrier male male

25%haemofilia

F : Tissue CultureP1: Able to obtain good characteristics that can be used

commercially(selectivity)P2: Can be conducted any time and does not need any

pollinating agents as it is carried out in the laboratory

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

11

11

11

(F + anyP)

1

2

2

3

11

2

12




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Section B:

6.(a)(i) Process Y = ultrafiltration

A process wherebyF1 – water and solutes from glomerulus being forced to

filter through the membrane of Bowman’s capsule

F2 - by the high hydrostatic pressureF3 - forming glomerular filtrate that contains water, glucose, amino

acids, urea, mineral salts and other small molecules

1

1

1

1

`

4

(ii) F1 - less efficient in filtration of waste products and excess waterin blood plasma

P1- as a result, urea uric acid/ creatinine / salt concentration will beincrease

P2 - increase the blood pressureF1 - use haemodialysis machine / kidney transplantF2 - to replace the function of kidney; filtrate all the waste product

and excess water.

1

11111

6

(b) F1 – Glucose reabsorb by facilitated diffusion into blood capillaryE1 – Glucose needed by our bodyF2 – Acid amino reabsorb by facilated diffusionE2 – Acid amino is needed for body growth / tissue repairF3 – Protein is a big molecule and cannot move via membrane

plasma.E3 – Protein is still circulate in blood capillary.F4 – Urea is secreted substances and cannot move back to blood

capillaryE4 – Water is reabsorb by osmosis and the concentrate of urea

increase.F5 – Sodium ion is move back to blood capillary via active transportE5 – Sodium is importance for maintain the blood pressure.

11111111

1

11 10

20marks

7. (a) F1 - Height // weight

E1 - continuouse variation becouse have differences very slightlyE1 – Controls by environment.

F2 - Blood typeE2 – discontinuouse variation /E2 - controls by genetics.

111

(max 2)1

11

(max 2) 4




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(b) - The gene for the insulin is isolated from human pancreas cell

- The bacterial plasmid is isolated (DNA found in bacteria)- The bacterial plasmid is cut by using enzyme- The enzyme used to incorporate gene for insulin production into the

plasmid- the bacteria are cultured in bioreactor

- the plasmid replicate as a bacteria divide asexually .‐ the bacteria can produce insuli

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