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B. MODEL PERFECT

1.Must + have + Verb-3/been(pasti telah)

untuk menyatakan kepastian atau kesimpulan tentang sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu

lampau (past conclusion)

contoh : The oil was frozen. It must have been very cold last night.2. Might + have + Verb-3/been(mungkin telah )

untuk menyatakan kemungkinan pada waktu lampau (past possibility)

contoh : Desty came late this morning; she might have missed the bus.

3.Should + have + Verb-3/been = ought to + have +Verb-3/been(seharusnya

telah)

untuk menyatakan saran yang seharusnya dilakukan pada waktu lampau (past

suggestion)

contoh : Lena has an examination today but she saw the film last night; she should have

been studying for exam last night.

4.Could + have + Verb-3/been (sebenarnyabisa)

untuk menyatakan kemampuan pada waktu lampau tetapi tidak terlalu terlaksana atau

tidak dilakukan.

contoh : we did not go last night. we could have gone to the cinema but we dicided to

stay at home.

could have _____

couldn't have_____

past ability

The boy could have donethedishes himself, but his fatherdecided to help.

should have ____

shouldn't have____

You did or didn't do

something that was agood idea.

The girl shouldn't havespunaround so many times.She fell down.

spin: turn around many times.

spin / spun / spun


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would have ____

wouldn't have

____

past condition /

past situation

This house of cardswould havefallenover if the person whobuilt it hadn't been so careful.

may have _____

may not have_____

past possibility

My grandfather may haveusedthis camera when he was ayoung man, but I'm not sure.

might have______

might not have_____

past possibility

Her mother might haveputmustard on her sandwich.She hopes not.

must have ____

must not have___

past probability.

This indicates thatsomething probably

happened in the past.

They must have practiced a lotbecause they're very goodmusicians.

Adverbs of Manner List

Alphabetical list of common single-wordmanner adverbs


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Adverbs of manner form the largest group of adverbs. We make most of themsimply by adding -ly to their corresponding adjective. This is an alphabetical list of130 common single-word adverbs of manner. Adverbs of manner that do not end in-ly are shown in bold.

accidentally

angrilyanxiouslyawkwardlybadlybeautifullyblindlyboldly

bravelybrightlybusilycalmly

carefullycarelesslycautiouslycheerfullyclearlycloselycorrectlycourageouslycruellydaringlydeliberately

doubtfullyeagerlyeasilyelegantlyenormouslyenthusiasticallyequallyeventuallyexactlyfaithfully

fastfatally

fiercelyfondlyfoolishlyfortunatelyfranklyfranticallygenerouslygently


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gladlygracefullygreedilyhappilyhardhastilyhealthilyhonestlyhungrilyhurriedlyinadequatelyingeniouslyinnocentlyinquisitivelyirritably

joyouslyjustly

kindlylazilylooselyloudlymadlymortallymysteriouslyneatlynervouslynoisilyobediently

openlypainfullypatientlyperfectlypolitelypoorlypowerfullypromptlypunctuallyquicklyquietlyrapidly

rarelyreallyrecklesslyregularlyreluctantlyrepeatedlyrightfullyroughly


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rudelysadlysafelyselfishlysensiblyseriouslysharplyshylysilentlysleepilyslowlysmoothlysosoftlysolemnlyspeedilystealthily

sternlystraightstupidlysuccessfullysuddenlysuspiciouslyswiftlytenderlytenselythoughtfullytightly

truthfullyunexpectedlyvictoriouslyviolentlyvivaciouslywarmlyweaklywearilywellwildlywisely

Adverb of manner Examples of usage

angrilyanxiously

awkwardly

badly

beautifullycalmly

react angrily, speak angrily, say something angrilywait anxiously, say something anxiously

stand awkwardly, hold something awkwardly

play badly, perform badly

sing beautifully, play an instrument beautifullyact calmly, wait calmly


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carefully

carelesslycautiously

cheerfully

clearly

closelycorrectly

deliberately

eagerly

easilyenthusiastically

fast

fondly

franklyfrantically

gently

happilyhealthily

hurriedly

innocentlyinquisitively

kindly

loudly

mysteriouslynaturally

neatlynervouslynoisily

obedientlypatiently

perfectly

politely

powerfullyquickly

reluctantly

repeatedly

safely

shyly

silentlyslowly

softly

stupidly

speak carefully, walk carefully, drive carefully

drive carelessly, act carelesslyspeak cautiously, act cautiously

smile cheerfully, whistle cheerfully

speak clearly, explain something clearly

look closelyspell correctly

make a mistake deliberately, lie deliberately

ask eagerly

pass a test easily, win easilyclap enthusiastically, react enthusiastically

drive fast, talk fast

remember someone fondly

say something frankly, speak franklysearch frantically, run frantically

hold something gently, touch something gently

live happilyeat healthily, live healthily

speak hurriedly, walk hurriedly

say something innocently, act innocentlyask inquisitively, look at someone inquisitively

act kindly, speak kindly, say something kindly

speak loudly, knock loudly, sneeze loudly

act mysteriously, disappear mysteriouslyact naturally

fold something neatly, write neatlywait nervously, speak nervously, stutter nervouslywalk noisily, eat noisily

listen obedientlywait patiently, listen patiently

work perfectly, time something perfectly

ask politely, smile politely, tell someone politely

strike, hit a ball powerfullyswim quickly, speak/talk quickly, react quickly

ask reluctantly, reluctantly agree to something

ask repeatedly

arrive safely, get home safely

ask shyly, smile shyly

tiptoe silently, leave silentlydrive slowly, repeat slowly

whisper softly

act stupidly, behave stupidly


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suspiciously

well

act suspiciously, say something suspiciously

play well, speak well

Adverbs of Time (33 Words)=== Things You Can Do with This Word List ===

after afterwards always

at the same time as before by and by

during

earlier than for a long time frequently

from time to time

in a few minutes in the mornings

last week lately later than long ago

many times many years ago never

now and then occasionally

often once in a while

once upon a time rarely recently

sometimes soon today

tomorrow usually yesterday

Adverbs of Place List

Alphabetical list of common single-word placeadverbs


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aboutaboveabroadanywhereawaybackbackwards (alsobackward)behindbelowdowndownstairseast (etc)elsewherefarhereinindoors

insidenearnearbyoffonoutoutsideovertheretowardsunder

upupstairswhere

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