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NOTA RINGKAS KIMIA

ditujukan khas untuk junior ert form 5 this year

topic ~ carbon compound (fav spm) bab 2 form 5

alkane - CnH2n + 2 (n = 1,2,3,....)alkene - CnH2n (n = 2,3,4,....)

alchohol - CnH2n + 1 OH (n = 1,2,3,....)carboxylic acid - CnH2n+1 COOH (n= 0,1,2,3...)esters - CmH2M+1 C00H (m = 0,1,2,...) (n = 1,2,3...)

________________________________________________________WAJIB HAFAL

warna2 metal

Cu - brownCu0 - blackZn0 - when hot : yellow , when cold : whiteMg0 - when hot : brown , when cold : yellowPb0 - when hot : brown , when cold : yellow

Fe2+ ~ pale greenFe3+ ~ brown / pale yellow

* all metal shiny grey but/ except Cu !!!

________________________________________________________WAJIB TAU !

CATION

KALAU - K+ (POTASSIUM)NAK - Na+ (SODIUM)KAWIN - Ca2+ (CALCIUM)MESTI - Mg2+ (MAGNESIUM)ADA - Al3+ (ALUMINIUM)ZAKAT - Zn2+ (ZINC)FITRAH - Fe2+ (IRON)SUPAYA - Sn2+ (TIN)PERKAHWINAN - Pb2+ (LEAD)HALAL - H+ (HYDROGEN)CUKUP - Cu2+(COPPER)ASYIK - Ag+ (SILVER)

ANION

FAIZOL - F- (FLUORINE)SOLEH - S04 2- (SULPHURIDE)NOK - N03 - (NITROGEN)CARI - Cl- (CLORINE)BINI - BR- (BROMINE)ISTERI - I- (I0DINE)ORG - 0H- (HYDROXIDE)

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BAB 7 - ACID N BASES FORM 4

ACID

WEAK ACID - CH3COOHwhich ionises partially to form lower concentration of H+

STRONG ACID - H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3which ionises completely to form higher concentration of H+

ACIDIC PROPERTIES~ PH < 7~ BLUE LITMUS PAPER TURNS RED

ACID + BASE ------> SALT + H20ACID + METAL ----------> SALT + H20ACID + CARBONATE ------------> SALT + H20 + C02

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ALKALI

WEAK ALKALI- NH4+which ionises partially to form lower concentration of 0H-

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STRONG ALKALI - KOH , NaOHwhich ionises completely to form higher concentration of OH -

ALKALINE PROPERTIES~ PH > 7~ RED LITMUS TURNS BLUE

ALKALI + ACID ------------> SALT + H2O

ALKALI + METAL ION -----------------> METAL HYDROXIDE

ALKALI + AMMONIUM SALT --------------> SALT + H20 + NH3