007 sistem tulang
TRANSCRIPT
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04/12/23
[ANATOMI & FISIOLOGI]
Sistem Rangka Fungsi Rangka
Struktur Kasar Tulang
Klasifikasi Tulang
Tulang-tulang Utama
Sendi dan Pergerakan
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FUNGSI TULANG
Sokongan struktur - postur Melindungi organ dalaman Pergerakan tubuh - lekatan otot Simpanan mineral Hemopoiesis – menghasilkan sel-sel
darah (som-som)
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STRUKTUR TULANG PANJANG
Diaphysis - batang Epiphysis - hujung Medullar Canal - tengah
• yellow bone marrow - simpan lemak • sel darah putih (LEUKOCYTES)
• Endosteum – melindungi marrow canal Tulang keras melindungi medullary
canal Haversian canal mengandungi saluran darah ( osteocytes – sel tulang )
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 5
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LAMPIRAN 1
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ANATOMI TULANG1. Proximal Epiphysis2. Distal Epiphysis3. Diaphysis4. Articular Cartilage5. Medullary Cavity6. Compact Bone7. Sponge Bone8. Epiphyseal line9. Nutrien Arteries10.Periosteum11.Sharpey’s Fibers
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SISTEM TULANG
Manusia terdiri daripada 206 tulang• Tengkorak• Tulang Belakang• Tulang Dada• Tulang Kaki• Tulang Tangan• Tulang Scapula• Tulang Clavicle
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LAMPIRAN 1
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Klasifikasi Tulang
1. Tulang Axial
Tengkorak Tulang belakang Rusuk
2. Tulang Appendikular Kaki Tangan Selangka Skapula Pelvis
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Tulang AxialTulang Axial
Tulang Axial terdiri daripada 80 ketul tulang (berwarna biru)
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- Tulang hidung – tulang dan rawan - Tulang tengkorak – nipis dan melengkung
- Semasa dalam kandungan, tulang-tulang disambung dengan tisu – suture - Dome-shaped – lebih perlindungan
Tulang AxialTulang Axial
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- Tulang tengkorak : 22 tulang tulang kepala 14 tulang muka.
Tulang AxialTulang Axial
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Tulang Tengkorak( Craniul - 8 )
Tulang Tengkorak( Craniul - 8 )
Istilah-istilah ini harus dikuasai: 1. Parietal (kiri & kanan) 2. Temporal (kiri & kanan) 3. Frontal 4. Occipital 5. Sphenoid 6. ‘Suture’
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Tulang Tengkorak( Facial - 14 )
Tulang Tengkorak( Facial - 14 )
Istilah-istilah ini harus dikuasai: Berpasangan kiri dan kanan 1. Maxillae 2. Zygomatics 3. Nasals 4. Lacrimals 5. Palatines 6. Inferior conchae Tulang yang tidak berpasangan 1. Mandible 2. Vomer
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- kuat dan fleksibel; - menyokong kepala dan - menjadi tempat lekatan tulang rusuk; - di dalamnya terdapat saraf tunjang dan sistem saraf; - di antara tulang-tulang terdapat rawan – kusyen;
2. Tulang Belakang
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- Terdiri daripada 5 bahagian (32):
- Cervical – tulang leher (7),
- Thoracic - tulang rusuk (12)
- Lumber – tulang pinggang (5)
- Sacrum – tulang punggung (5)
- Coccyx – tulang tongking (3)- Saraf tunjang masuk dan keluar
melalui lubang foramen di
tengah tulang belakang
2. Tulang Belakang
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LAMPIRAN 1
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- Kedudukan tulang belakang bengkok- Tulang belakang terdiri – 3 i. badan
ii. foramen iii. proses (transverse process) di hujung proses – spinous process and articular process
2. Tulang Belakang
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- Dada dilindungi oleh tulang rusuk, dada dan sternum; - Tulang sternum – 3 bahagian (manubrium, badan dan xyphoid) - 2 tulang clavicle dan 12 pasang tulang rusuk (7 benar & 5 palsu – 2 terapung) - Costal cartilages – penghubung tulang dengan tulang
3. Tulang Rusuk dan Tulang Dada dan Xyphoid
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Tulang AppendicularTulang Appendicular
Appendicular terdiri daripada tulang yang berwarna coklat
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Tulang AppendicularTulang Appendicular
Tulang appendicular – 126 tulang 1. Bahu - Tulang bahu – shoulder (pectoral girdle) terdiri daripada: - clavicles (collar bone) & scapula (shoulder bone)
2. Lengan - Lengan terdiri daripada tulang humerus
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3. Tangan - Radius dan Ulna - Carpal dan metacarpal
- phalanges 4. Kaki
- Femur - Tibia dan fibula - Patella - Tarsal dan Meta tarsal - Phalanges
Tulang AppendicularTulang Appendicular
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Jenis-jenis Tulang
Tulang DatarTulang PanjangTulang PendekTulang Berbagai Bentuk
Klasifikasi Tulang
Tulang RonggaTulang Padat
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Sponge bone – hujung tulang (red marrow-
sel darah merah dan sel darah putih) Periosteum – luar tulang (salur
darah, saluran lymph, saraf, - untuk pertumbuhan, pembaikan dan pemakanan) Epiphysis diselaputi articular cartilage
– Peranan - penyerap tekanan antara
dua tulang.
STRUKTUR TULANG PANJANG
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JENIS-JENIS TULANGJENIS-JENIS TULANG
Dikelaskan kepada 4 jenis -
- Tulang rata (leper) - tengkorak
- Tulang irregular (berbagai bentuk) –
tulang belakang (memudahkan
pergerakan)
- Tulang pendek – pergelangan
kaki dan tangan (memudahkan
pergerakan)
- Tulang panjang – kaki (menyokong
otot kaki dan berat badan)
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1. Gliding Movements 2. Angular Movement
3. Flexion & Extension4. Dorsiflexion5. Plantar Flexion of the foot6. Abduction7. Circumduction8. Rotation9. Supination10. Pronation11. Inversion & Eversion12. Protraction & Retraction13. Elevation & Depression14. Opposition
JENIS-JENIS PERGERAKANJENIS-JENIS PERGERAKAN
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1. Sprains 2. Cartilage Injuries 3. Dislocation 4. Bursitis and Tendonitis 5. Arthritis 6. Osteoarthritis 7. Rheumatoid Arthritis 8. Gouty Arthritis
KECEDERAAN SENDIKECEDERAAN SENDI
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Rujukan Internet
http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/scapula.htm
http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/
skull.html http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/
skeletalsystem.html http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/
leg/leg.html http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/
terms.html
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/
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TERIMA KASIHBERSEDIA
UNTUK TAJUK YANG LAIN
PULA
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LAMPIRAN 3
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LAMPIRAN 4
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1
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LAMPIRAN 1