Vol. 29, No. 2 (Mel-Agustus 2012) ISSN 1410-3222

A L Q A L A M JURNAL ILMIAH

BIDANG KEAGAMAAN

DAN KEMASYARAKATAN

Daftar Isi

M a l k a n Tafair asy-Sya*rawf. 1 9 1 - 2 1 4 Tinjauan Biogtafis dan Metodologis

Fathul Mufid

Epistemologi Ilmu H u d b u t i M u M ShadrS 2 1 5 - 2 3 8

S y a f i ' i n Mansur

Kematian Menumt Para Filosof 2 3 9 - 2 6 2

Muhamad Afif

Dari Spiritualisme Lokal 2 6 3 - 2 9 6 Menuju Spiritualisme Islam M.F. Hidayamllah Pengembangan Kccerdasan Intelektual Menumt al-Qur'&n (Tafisir Maudhu'i atas Surat al- 2 9 7 3 1 6 'AIaqAyatl-5) Muhammad Wawasan Manajemen Strategik 317.338 Dalam Praktek Bisnis Bank Syari'ah

Irfan Salim Ttadisi Penulisan H i s y i y a h - 3 3 9 - 3 6 8 D i Dunia Islam

R o h m a n The Result of A Holy Alliance: Debus in Banten Province

3 6 9 - 3 9 0

K E M A T I A N M E N U R U T PARA F I L O S O F

S Y A F I ' I N M A N S U R F a k u l t a s U s h u l u d d i n d a n D a k w a h

I A I N " S u l t a n M a u l a n a H a s a n u d d i n " B a n t e n

Abstract As a human beings all people will meet the end of their life in this

world Hence, all philosophers agree that the death is a dead certainty from the God for all human beings. even though the death is painful and tearful for those who an left, the death must meet everybody anytime.

Death is a certainty for humans determined by God, they must he nachy to nceive it because all humans must exp>erience it. Even though the death is mysterious and nobody knows when it comes and how he will die; however, the most important thing that everybociy unit be awaken inside the grave by God and he will be asked about their deeds during his life in the world. M 'hoetrr does marry good deeds, he will be entered into the heaven; conversely, wlmever does many bad actions, he will he en tend into the hell.

K e y W o r d s : Death, Gnece philosophers, Muslim Philosophers, West Philosophers.

A b s t r a k Manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan yang hidup di dunia ini. pasti akan

menenui akJiir kehidupan, kanna para filosof sepakat bahwa kematian itu adalah suatu kepastian dari Tuhan bagi manusia. Walaupun kematian itu mertyakitkan dan menyedihkan bagi manusia yang ditinggalkan dan yang dicintainya, namun tetap kematian akan menghampirinya suka atau tidak, kematian akan menjemputnya dengan paksa dan tiba-tiba.

Kematian itu suatu kepastian bag manusia yang telah ditentukan oleh Tuhan, maka manusia harus siap dan menerimanya karena kematian adalah pengalaman manusia yang masih hidup dan yang hidup akan mengalami kematian juga Walaupun kematian itu, tidak ada yang mengetahui dan mesterins karena datangnya dengan tiba-tiba, dan kematian manusia berbeda-beda dalam peristiwa kematianrtya, maka manusia yang mati akan terkubur di tanah dan dibangkitkan dari kuburrtya untuk perianggungawaban kepada Tuhan, yang membawa amal kebaikan dimasukkan ke surga dan yang membawa amal keburukan akan di masukkan di neraka.

K a t a Kunci: kematian, filosof Yunani, filosof Islam, filosof Barat. K E M A T I A N M R N U R U T PARA FTIXTSOI-' 2 3 9 S Y A F I T N MANSUR

Pendahuluan B e t a n g k a t d a c i p e m y a t a a n A b u N a s h r A l - F a t a b i b a h w a t i d a k

a d a s e s u a t u p u n d i a l a m i n i y a o g t i d a k b i s a d i m a s u k i o l e h filsafiat' D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , b a h w a s e m u a b i d a n g d i b i c a r a k a n d a l a m filsafiat t e r m a s u k p e r s o a l a n k e m a t i a n k a r e n a k e m a t i a n p a s t i d a t a n g k e p a d a m a n u s i a , b a h k a n k e m a t i a n m a n u s i a p e r t a m a d i a l a m i o l e h p u t t a A d a m s e n d i r i . W a l a u p u n A d a m s e b a g a i m a n u s i a p e r t a m a , k h a l i f a h p e r t a m a , d a n b a p a k p e r t a m a y a n g s e d i h k a r e n a d i t i n g g a l k a n p u t r a n y a y a n g d i b u n u h o l e h s a u d a t a n y a s e n d i t L H a b i l m a t i d i t a n g a n Q a b i l k a r e n a k e t i d a k s u k a a n k e p a d a n y a . H a b i l s e b a g a i p u t r a A d a m y a n g p e r t a m a m a t i d i t a n g a n s a u d a r a n y a s e n d i r i , s e b e l u m H a b i l m a t i , i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k a l a u k a m u m e n g g e t a k k a n t a n g a n m u k e p a d a k u u n t u k m e m b u n u h k u , s e k a i - k a l i a k u t i d a k m e n g g e t a k k a n t a n g a n k u k e p a d a m u u n t u k m e m b u n u h m u . S e s v m g g u h n y a a k u t a k u t k e p a d a A l l a h . T u h a n s e r u s e k a l i a n a l a m . ^ H a b i l m a t i k a r e n a k e s e r a k a n Q a b i l , n a m u n Q a b i l m e n y e s a l k a r e n a k e s e n g s a r a a n d a n k e b o d o h a n n y a u n t u k m e n g u b u r s a j a t i d a k t a b u k e c u a l i i a t a b u d a r i b u r u n g g a g a k .

K e m a t i a n H a b i l s e b a g a i a w a l c a r a u n t u k m e n g u b u r m a n u s i a y a n g m e n i n g g a l h i n g g a k i n i . J a d i k e m a t i a n i t u b e r b a g a i c a r a u n t u k m e n u j u k e p a d a a k h i r k e h i d u p a n , s e p e r t i K a n ' a n p u t r a N u b y a n g s o m b o n g d a n a n g k u b , t e t a p i s e b e l i u n m e n i n g g a l i a m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a a k u a k a n m e n c a r i p e r l i n d u n g a n k e g u n u n g y a n g d a p a t m e m e l i b a r a k u d a r i a i r b a h t e t a p i a i r b a b l a b y a n g m e n g t e n g g a l a m k a n b e s e r t a g u n u n g n y a . '

K e m a t i a n m a n u s i a y a n g t i d a k b a i k , t e m y a t a t i d a k t e r b o t m a t k e m a t i a n n y a b a h k a n u c a p a n y a p i m t i d a k m e n c e t m i n k a n h a l y a n g b a i k . T e t a p i b e r b e d a d e n g a n m a n u s i a y a n g a b a i k m a s i b s e m p a t u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n s u a t u u c a p a n a k h i r y a n g b a i k b a g i a n a k - a n a k n y a m a u p u n b a g i m a s y a r a k a t n y a , s e p e r t i I b r a h i m t i d a k m a t i d i b a k a t t e t a p i i a m a t i s e c a r a a l a m i a h , n a m u n s e b e l u m m e n i n ^ a l i a m e n y a t a k a n k e p a d a a n a k - a n a k n y a b a b w a s e s u n g g u h n y a A l l a h t e l a h m e t n i l i b a g a m a i n i b a g i m u , m a k a j a n g a n l a b k a m u m a t i k e c u a l i d a l a m m e m e l u k a g a m a I s l a m . B e g i t u p u l a , Y a ' q u b s e b e l u m m e n i n g g a l , i a m e n y a t a k a n k e p a d a a n a k - a n a k n y a , a p a y a n g k a m u s e m b a b s e p e n i n g g a l a n k u . ' *

S e l a n j u t n y a , N a m r u d s e b a g a i r a j a y a n g a n g k u b d a n s o m b o n g b a h k a n i a m e n g a t a k a n b a b w a a d a T u h a n s e l a i n d i t i n y a . K e s o m b o n g a n d a n k e a n g k u b a n n y a b e n a t - b e n a r s u d a h m e r a j a l e l a . K e k u a t a n m a t e r i y a n g d i m i l i k i t e l a h m e m b u a t j e l a k a . ' B a h k a n i a m a t i k a r e n a k e m a s u k a n n y a m u k k e d a l a m t o n g g a b i d u n g y a n g t i d a k m a t i -m a t i s e h i n g g a m e m b u a t d i a s e t n a k i n g i l a d a n m c m b u n u b n y a y a n g A L Q A L A M 2 4 0 V o l 29 No. 2 (Mri-Agu8tu») 2012

p e m a h i a b c r k a t a k e t i k a b e l u m m e n i n g g a l b a h w a a k u d a p a t m e n g h i d u p k a n d a n m e m a t i k a n . T e m y a t a i a m a t i d a l a m k e h i n a a n . ' ^

F i r * a u n s e b a g a i s o s o k r a j a y a n g a m b i s i u s a t a s k e k u a s a a n , b a h k a n i a m e n g a k u d i r i n y a s e b a g a i T u h a n y a n g b e b a t t e t a p i i a m a t i d i t e l a n l a u t ' S e b e l u m m e n i n g g a l , i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a k u p e r c a y a b a b w a t i d a k a d a T u h a n m e l a i n k a n T u h a n y a n g d i p e r c a y a i o l e h B a n i I s r a i l d a n a k u t e r m a s u k o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r s e r a b d i r i . T u h a n m e m b a n t a b i m g k a p a n i t u , s e h i n g g a j a s a d F i r ' a u n h i n g g a k i n i m a s i b a d a s e b a g a i t a n d a p e l a j a r a n b a g i m a n u s i a . "

B e g i t u p u l a , Q a r u n s e b a g a i o r a n g y a n g d i b e r i k a n k e l i m p a b a n h a r t a k e k a y a a n y a n g b a n y a k t e t a p i b e r h a t i b a t u d a n s o m b o n g s e h i n g g a i a m a t i b e s e r t a h a r t a b e n d a n y a y a n g d i b e n a m k a n k e d a l a m b u m i . ' N a m u n s e b e l u m m e n i n g g a l i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a h a r t a y a n g b a n y a k d a n k e n i k m a t a n y a n g m e l i m p a h r u a h i n i d a t a n g d a r i i l m u k u , k e p a n d a i a n k u , k e l i n c a b a n i t u , d a n k e m a m p u a n k u . T i d a k a d a s a t u p u n d a r i p i h a k l a i n y a n g m e m b a n t u d a l a m m e w u j u d k a n i n i s e m u a . ' "

K e m a t i a n y a n g t c r j a d i p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a t e r s e b u t , t i d a k b i s a d i h i n d a r i d a n d i j a u l i k a n k a r e n a k e m a t i a n s u a t u k e p a s t i a n d a r i T u h a n . D a n h a l i n i , s u d a h t e r j a d i k e p a d a m a n u s i a y a n g b a i k m a u p u n y a n g t i d a k b a i k , m a n u s i a y a n g s h a l e h m a u p u n y a n g t i d a k s h a l e h . B a h k a n p a r a N a b i d a n R a s u l p u n t i d a k b i s a m e n g h i n d a r d a r i k e m a t i a n . W a l a u p u n m e r e k a a d a l a h u t u s a n T u h a n t e r p i l i h s e j a k N a b i A d a m h i n g g a N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . T e r m a s u k j u g a , I s a A l - M a s i h s e b a g a i N a b i y a n g d i m u l i a k a n o l e h T u h a n , i a j u g a m a t i , t e t a p i s e b e l u m m e n i n g g a l i a m e n y a t a k a n Y a B a p a , k e d a l a m t a n g a n - M u K u s e r a h k a n n y a w a k u , k e t i k a i a b e r a d a d i b u k i t G o l g o t a y a n g m e n g e r i k a n k a r e n a d i h u k u m s a l i b o l e h P e n g u a s a R o m a w i . "

N a b i M u h a m m a d S a w . J u g a m a t i k e t i k a b e r u s i a 6 3 t a h u n s e b a g a i N a b i a k h u ' z a m a n d a n p e n u t u p s e m u a r i s a l a h s a m a w i . S e b e l u m m e n i n g g a l i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k a m u j a n g a n m c n j a d i k a n k u b u r k u s e b a g a i b e r h a l a y a n g d i s e m b a h . ' ^ D a n j u g a k a m u t i d a k a k a n t e r s e s a t s e l a m a b e r p e g a n g t e g u h k e p a d a K i t a b u l l a h d a n s u n n a h R a s u l u l l a h S a w . ' " D a n y a n g t e r a k h i r u m m a t i , u m m a t i , d a n u m m a t i , u m m a t k u , u m m a t k u , d a n u m m a t k u . ' " B e t a p a b e s a r c i n t a n y a k e p a d a u m a t n y a , h a l i t u b u k a n b a s a b a s i m e l a i n k a n k e n y a f a a n d a n k e b e n a r a n n y a s e j a k h i d u p h i n g g a w a f a t n y a .

D a r i b c r a b a g a i f c n o m c n a k e m a t i a n t e r s e b u t , b a i k y a n g d i a l a m i o l e h m a n u s i a y a n g b a i k m a u p u n m a n u s i a y a n g h i i r u k , b a i k m a n u s i a y a n g s e n a n g m a u p u n y a n g d d a k s e n a n g , b a i k m a n u s i a y a n g s u k a t n a u p u n y a n g d d a k s u k a , b a i k m a n u s i a y a n g t a k u t m a u p u n y a n g t i d a k t a k u t . M a k a k e m a t i a n p a s d a k a n d a t a n g k e p a d a m a n u s i a K E M A H A N M K N U R L r r PARA I'T1X)S()I' 2 4 1 S Y A I ' I T N MANSUR

w a l a u p u n m a n u s i a b e n i s a h a u n t u k m e m b e n t e n g i s u p a y a k e m a t i a n t i d a k d a t a n g a t a u p u n m e n j a g a d e n g a n b e r b a g a i p e r a l a t a n y a n g c a n g g i h s e k a l i p t m t e t a p k e m a t i a n a k a n m e n j e m p u t n y a . K a r e n a T u h a n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a d i m a n a s a j a k a m u b e r a d a , k e m a t i a n a k a b m e n d a p a t k a n k a m u , k e d a t i p u n k a m u d i d a l a m b e n t e n g y a n g t i n g g i l a g i k o k o b . "

A t a s d a s a r i t u , m e n c o b a t m t u k m e n y e l u s u t i p e m i k i t a n p a t a filosof t e n t a n g b a g a i m a n a p a r a filosof m e m a k n a i k e m a t i a n d a n s e t e l a h t e t j a d i n y a k e m a t i a n , s e i t a b a g a i m a n a p a r a filosof m e n y i k a p i k e m a t i a n b a g i m a n u s i a . H a l i n i , m e n a t i k u n t u k d i t e l a a h l e b i h d a l a m y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k e m a t i a n k a r e n a k e m a t i a n p a s t i d a t a n g m a k a k i t a p e r l u t a b u t e n t a n g p e r s o a l a n k e m a t i a n .

Filosof Yunani Tentang Kematian P a r a filosof Y u n a n i s e p a k a t b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a k a n

m c n j e m p u t m a n u s i a k a r e n a k e t n a t i a n m e r u p a k a n p e r p i s a h a n d a r i r u b d n n j a s a d . K e m a t i a n i t u m e n y a k i t k a n b a g i y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n d a n m c n y c d i b k a n n y a , n a m u n k e m a t i a n m a n u s i a b e l u m b c r a k b i r k a r e n a s e t e l a h k e m a t i a n a d a k e h i d u p a n l a g i . D a l a m h a l i n i , a d a p e r b e d a a n d a l a m m e m a k n a i s e t e l a h k e m a t i a n m a n u s i a , a d a y a n g m e m a k n a i b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u b e l u m b e r a k b i r m a s i b a d a t a n g g a u n g j a w a b m a n u s i a d a n a d a p u l a y a n g m e m a k n a i b a b w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h s i k s a a n k e p a d a m a n u s i a , d a n l a i n s e b a g a i n y a . 1 . T h a l e s [ 6 2 5 - 5 4 7 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof Y u n a n i y a n g t e r k e n a l

d e n g a n u n g k a p a n b a b w a s e g a l a s e s u a t u b e r a s a l d a r i a i t . K e m u d i a n d i s a a t m e n u a , i a d i t a n y a t e n t a n g k e a d a a n n y a , m a k a i a m e n j a w a b b a b w a b e g i n i l a b a k u m a t i s e c a r a b e r l a b a n - l a b a n . ' *

2 . P y t h a g o r a s [ 5 8 1 - 5 0 7 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof Y u n a n i y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a b a b w a r u b m a n u s i a i t t i , d a p a t b e r p i n d a b r u b d a r i s e o r a n g m a n u s i a y a n g s u d a h m a t i k e l a i n j a s a d . M a t i b u k a n a k h i r t i a p - t i a p s e s u a t u d a l a m h i d u p m a n u s i a k a r e n a a d a k e h i d u p a n s e s u d a b m a t i . ' ^

3 . S o c r a t e s [ 4 7 0 - 3 9 9 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof Y u n a n i y a n g t e r k e n a l s e b a g a i g u r u p e r t a m a d a l a m b e r f i l s a f a t . l a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w t l j i w a b e r b e d a d e n g a n r a g a , j i w a t i d a k i k u t h a n c i u r d e n g a n k e h a n c u r a n r a g a , m e l a i n k a n m a l a h t e r b e b a s d a r i p e n j a r a y a n g m e n g u n g k u n g k a n n y a d a n k e m b a U k e m u m i a n k a r a k t e m y a , B a h k a n m a t i l e b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a m u n d u r d a r i m e n u n a i k a i l k e w a j i b a n , k e m a t i a n m e m a n g m e r u p a k a n c o b a a n b e s a r , n a m u n i a h a r u s d i t e r i m a o l e h m a k h l u k d e n g a n l a p a n g d a d a , s e b a b i a a d a l a h h a k y a n g d i g a r i s k a n d a n d i t e t a p k a n o l e h S a n g P e n c i p t a , s e h i n g g a

A L Q A L A M 2 4 2 VoL 29 No. 2 (Md-Agustui) 2012

t i d a k p e r l u d i t a k u t i . M a k a k e l i r u j i k a a d a o r a n g y a n g m c n y a n g k a b a h w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h r u a t u y a n g b u r u k , k a r e n a d i s a n a a d a s e c e r c a h h i u a p a n y a n g m e m b e r i t a k a n k a b a r g e m b i r a b a h w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h s e s u a t u y a n g b a i k . K e m a t i a n a d a l a h k c t i a d a t a s a a n s e p e r t i k e p u l a s a n t i d u r s e s c o r a n g y a n g t i d a k t e r g a n g u o l e h h a n t u -h a n t u , m a k a t i d a k p e r l u d i o e r d e b a t k a n k a r e n a k e t n a t i a n t b e n g a n d u n g m a n f a a t . K e m a t i a n a d a l a h p e r p i n d a b a n k e t e m p a t b u n y a n g k o n o n m e n j a d i m u a r a t e m p a t t i n g g a l s e l u r u h o r a n g -o r a n g y a n g m a t i . " B a h k a n l e b i h t e g a s l a g i , d i n y a t a k a n b a h w a o r a n g y a n g m c n j a d i k a n k e m a t i a n a d a d i d e p a n n y a , m a k a d i r i n y a a k a n m e n j a d i l e b i h b a i k . O r a n g y a n g m a t i t e r p u j i l e b i h b a i k k o n d i s i n y a d a r i p a d a o r a n g y a n g h i d u p t e r c e l a . O r a n g y a n g m e n e n t a n g p e n g u a s a a k a n m a t i s e b e l u m p e n g a u s a i t u m a t i , d a n o t a n g y a n g k e t e r l a l u a n d a l a m m e m e n u b i c i n t a n y a p a d a d u n i a a k a n m a t i d a l a m k e a d a a n m i s k i n , s e d a n g k a n o r a n g y a n g q a n n a a b a k a n m a t i d a l a m k e a d a a n k a y a . ' ^

4 . P l a t o ( 4 2 8 - 3 4 8 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g f i l o s o f Y u n a n i y a n g m e n g a t a k a n m a n u s i a t c r d i r i d a r i r a g a d a n r u b , r a g a b e r s i f a t k o t o r , s e d a n g k a n r u h b e r s i f a t s u c i , d a n p c n u n d u k k a n r a g a s y a r a t b a g i k e s c l a m a t a n r u h d a n m c m b u k a h a r a p a n n y a a k a n k e k e k a l a n . J i k a s c s e o r a n g m a t i m a k a r u h n y a a t a u b a s i s k e h i d u p a n y a n g a d a d i d a l a m r a g a n y a a k a n p c r p i n d a h k e o r g a n i s m l a i n y a n g l e b i h t i n ^ a t a u l e b i h r e n d a h d c r a j a t n y a d a r i s e b e l u m n y a , t e r g a n t u n g p a d a s t a t u s y a n g s e l a y a k n y a i a t e r i m a d a l a m i n k a m a s i - i n k a m a s i n y a s e b e l u m n y a . B a r u l a h j i k a r u b t e r s e b u t b e n a r - b e n a r t e l a h s u c i d a r i s e g a l a d o s a n y a s e l a m a r a n g k a i a n p r o s e s i n k a m a s i n y a , m a k a i a a k a n t e r b e b a s d a r i r e i n k a m a s i u n t u k k e m u d i a n n a i k k e s u r g e d a n m e n i k m a t i k e b a h a g i a n y a n g a b b a d i d i d a l a m n y a u n t u k s c l a m a -l a m a n y a . B i s a j a d i j u g a , r u h m a n u s i a p e n d o s a a k a n p e r g i k c p i i r g a t o r i o ( t e m p a t p e n y u c i a n d o s a ] a t a u n e r a k a , s e m e n t a r a r u b y a n g m u l i a a k a n l a n g s u n g p e r g i k e p u l a u o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g d i b e r k a t i a t a u su rga .^"

5 . A f i s t o t c l e s [ 3 8 4 - 3 2 2 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof Y u n a n i y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a r u h m a n u s i a t i d a k m a t i , t e t a p i h i d u p k e k a l d a n a b a d i d e n g a n s e m u a p c r a s a a n , k e s a d a r a n , d a n p e n g e r t i a n . * '

6 . E p i c u r u s ( 3 4 1 - 2 7 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g f i l o s o f Y u n a n i y a n g m e m b i c a r a k a n b a h w a r u h a d a l a h j i s i m m a t e r i a l y a n g h a l u s d a n t e t s e b a r d i s e l u r u h b a g i a n t u b u h . R u h t i d a k b i s a m c n g i n d r a m a u p u n b e k e r j a k e c u a U d e n g a n m e d i a s i j a s a d d a n i a p u n a k a n i k u t m a t i b e r s a m a a n d e n g a n k e m a t i a n j a s a d . ^ K e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n p u n c a k p e n d e r i t a a n a t a u r a s a s a k i t , d a n b a h w a j i w a

K E M A T I A N M K N U R U T PARA F I L O . S O F 2 4 3 S Y A F I T N MAN.SUR

t e t a p h i d u p u n t u k m e i a s a k a n s a k i t a t a u s i k s a a n y a n g h e b a t s e t e l a h k e t n a t i a n . I a m e n o l a k k e y a k i n a n y a n g t n e n d a s a n k e t a k u t a n t e r h a d a p k e m a t i a n , k a r e n a k e m a t i a n m u n g k i n d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p e n y a k i t y a n g m e n y i k s a , n a m u n k e m a t i a n s e n d i r i m e r u p a k a n h i l a n g n y a k e s a d a r a n . D e n g a n k e h i l a n g a n k e s a d a r a n m a k a h i l a n g p u l a r a s a s a k i t y a n g d i a l a n i i s e b e l u m k e m a t i a n . K e m a t i a n t i d a k b e r b e d a d e n g a n t i d u r m a k a t i d a k p e r l u d i t a k u t k a n . ^

Filosof Islam Tentang Kemaitian P a r a filosof I s l a m s e p a k a t b a h w a k e m a t i a n i t u p a s t i t e t j a d i

p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a , k a r e n a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h p e r p i s a h a n a n t a r a r u h d a n j a s a d , a t a u p e t p i n d a h a n da i - i a l a m d u n i a k e a l a m k u b u r a t a u k c a k h i r a t . K e m a t i a n d a t a n g k e p a d a m a n u s i a t a n p a d i k e t a b u i o l e h s i a p a p t m k a r e n a h a l i t u a d a l a h k e t e n t u a n a t a u k e p a s t i a n d a r i T u h a n . W a l a u p u n m a n u s i a b e r u s a b a s u p a y a d a p a t m e n y a n g k a l k e m a t i a n d e n g a n b e r b a g a i c a r a , t e t a p i k e m a t i a n i t u m e n g h a m p i r i n y a t a n p a p i l i b k a s i h . M a k a k e m a t i a n i t u , b e l u m b e r a k b i r k a r e n a a d a t a n g g u n g j a w a b a t a s p e r b u a t a n m a n u s i a s e l a m a h i d u p d i d u n i a . D a l a m h a l i n i , a d a b e r p e d a a n d a l a m m e m a k n a i s e t e l a h k e m a t i a n a t a u s e t e l a h k e b a n g k i t a n d a r i a l a t n k u b u r u n t u k m e n u j u d i b a d a p a n T u h a n . A d a y a n g m e m a k n a i k e b a n g k i t a n s e t e l a h k e m a t i a n m a n u s i a h a n y a r u h n y a s a j a , d a n a d a p u l a y a n g m e m a k n a i n y a d e n g a n r u b d a n j a s a d n y a s a j a , d a n l a i n s e b a g a i n y a .

1 . A l - K i n d i [ 7 9 6 - 8 7 6 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g p e r t a m a u n t u k m e n y a t u k a n p e m i k i t a n filsafat d a n a g a m a . K a r e n a a g a m a d a n filsafat t i d a k a d a p e r t e n t a n g a n . ^ ^ D a l a m k a i t a n d e n g a n a g a m a , A l - K i n d i m e m b i c a r a k a n t e n t a n g k e m a t i a n k a r e n a o r a n g y a n g m a t i p a s t i p e r p i s a h a n a n t a r a r o b d a n b a d a n n y a . R o b b e r s i f a t k e k a l d a n t i d a k h a n c u r d e n g a n h a n c u m y a b a d a n . I a t i d a b h a n c u r k a r e n a s u b t a n s i n y a b e r a s a l d a r i s u b t a n s i T u h a n . I a a d a l a h c a h a y a y a n g d i p a n c a r k a n T u h a n , s e l a t n a d a l a m b a d a n , r o h t i d a k m e m p e r o l e h k c s e n a n g a n y a n g s e b e n a m y a d a r i p e n g e t a b u a n n y a t i d a k s e m p u m a . H a n y a s e t e l a h b e t c e r a i d e n g a n b a d a n , t o h m e m p e r o l e h k c s e n a n g a n s e b e t u l n y a d a l a m p e n t u k p e n g e t a h u a i l y a n g s e m p u m a . S e t e l a h b e t c e r a i d e n g a n b a d a n , r o b p e r g i k e a l a m k e b e n a r a n a t a u a l a m a k a l d i a t a s b i n t a n g - b i n t a n g , d i d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n c a h a y a T u h a n , d e k a t d e n g a n T u h a n , d a p a t m e U b a t T u h a n . D i s i n i l a b t e r l e t a k k c s e n a n g a n a b a d i d a r i r o h . H a n y a r o b y a n g s u d a h s u c i d i d u n i a i n i y a n g d a p a t p e r g i k e a l a m k e b e n a r a n i t u . R o b y a n g m a s i b k o t o r d a n b e l u m b e r s i b , p e r g i d u l u k e b u l a n .

A L Q A I A M 2 4 4 Vol. 29 No. 2 (Mei-Agustu«) 2012

S e t e l a h b c r h a s i l m e m b e r s i b k a n d i r i d i s a n a , b a r u i a p i n d a b k e M c r k u r i , d a n d e m i k i a n n a i k s e t i n g k a t d e m i s e t i n g k a t h i n g g a i a a k h i m y a , s a m p a i k e a l a m a k a l , d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n c a h a y a T u h a n d a n m e l i h a t T u h a n . " P c m i k i r a n A l - K i n d i t e r c a m p u r d e n g a n p e m i k i r a n P l a t o , A r i s t o t e l e s , d a n P l o t i n u s t e n t a n g r o b i n i . " \

2 . A l - F a r a b i [ 8 7 0 - 9 5 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g d i j u l u k i s e b a g a i g u r u k e d u a s e t e l a h g u r u p e r t a m a a d a l a h A r i s t o t e l e s . B a h k a n i a t e l a h m c n g b a r m o n i s a s i k a n a n t a r a filsafat d a n a g a m a , a n t a r a w a b y u d a n a k a l . ^ " B a h k a n i a p e r c a y a b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h k e p a s t i a n d a n h a n c u m y a j a s a d t i d a k m e m b a w a b a n c u n y a j i w a k a r e n a j i w a m a n u s i a i t u b e r a s a l d a r i a l a m H a b i , s e d a n g k a n j a s a d b e r a s a l d a r i a l a m k b a l q , b e r b e n t u k , b e m p a , b e r k a d a r , d a n b e r g e r a k . " J i w a y a n g a k a n k e k a l a d a l a h j i w a f a d i l a h , y a i t u j i w a y a n g b e r b u a t b a i k y a n g d a p a t m e l e p a s k a n d i r i d a r i i k a t a n j a s m a n i , d a n j i w a n y a t i d a b b a n c A u : d e n g a n h a n c u m y a b a d a n . A d a p u n j i w a j a b i l a b a d a l a h j i w a y a n g t a k m e n c a p a i k e s e m p u m a a n k a r e n a b e l u m d a p a t m e l e p a s k a n d i r i d a r i i k a t a n m a t e r i y a n g a k a n h a n c u r d e n g a n h a n c u m y a b a d a n . D a n j i w a f a s i q a h a d a l a h j i w a y a n g t a b u p a d a k e s e n a n g a n t e t a p i m e n o l a k n y a , t i d a k a k a n h a n c u r d a n a k a n k e k a l , t e t a p i k e k a l d a l a m k e s e n g s a r a a n . " P e m i k i r a n A l - h a r a b i i n i , m e n u n j u k k a n u s a h a k o m p r o m i y a n g d i l a k u k a n a n t a r a k o n s e p A r i s t o t e l e s d a n P l a t o d e n g a n a j a r a n I s l a m . K o n s e p i n i j e l a s p e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n a j a r a n k e a b a d i a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i a g a m a . " ' B a h k a n s u r g a d a n n e r a k a m e n u r u t n y a s e b a g a i s o a l s p i r i t u a l s a j a .

3 . I b n M i s k a w i h [ 9 4 1 - 1 0 3 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g m e n y a t u k a n a n t a r a f i l s a f a t d a n a g a m a , a n t a r a k c n a h i a n d a n filosof." D a l a m p e r s o a l a n k e m a t i a n i t u , d i a m e n y a t a k a n h a h w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h p e r p i s a h a n j i w a d a r i t u b u h m a n u s i a , d e n g a n k a t a l a i n n o n a k t i f k a n j i w a d a r i p e n g g u n a a n o r g a n - o r g a n y a n g s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n . K e m a t i a n p a s t i t c r j a d i p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a k a r e n a k e m a t i a n m e m p a k a n p e r w u j u c l a n d a r i m a n u s i a s e b a g a i m a k h l u k h i d u p , h e r f i k i r , d a n a k a n m a l l . B a h k a n k e m a t i a n |iistrii

m e r u p a k a n k e l e n g k a p a n d a n k e s e m p u m a a n m a n u s i a i l a l a m m e n c a p a i k e h i d u p a n y a n g p a l i n g t i n g g i . " O l e h k a r e n a i t u , k e m a t i a n b u k a n h a l y a n g b u r u k ^ d a n m e n a k u t k a n . O r a n g y a n g t a k u t m a t t k a r e n a d i a t a k t a b u a k a n k e m a t i a n d a n d i r i n y a s e n d i r i . B a h w a t a k u t a k a n k e m a t i a n h a n y a m e n g b a n t u i o r a n g y a n g t i d a k t a b u a p a m a t i i t u , a t a u o r a n g y a n g t i d a k t a b u k e m a n a s e b e t u l n y a j i w a n y a i t u a k a n p e r g i n a n t i , a t a u o r a n g y a n g s a l a h m e n d u g a b a h w a t u b u h n y a d a n j i w a n y a a k a n h a n c u r s e h a n c u m y a d a n l e n y a p t a n p a b e k a s , b a h w a d u n i a a k a n k e k a l y a n g s e l a m a i n i

K E M A T I A N M K N U R U T PARA F I L O S O F 2 4 5 S Y A F I T N MANSUR

d i d u g a o l e h o t a n g y a n g t i d a k t a b u b a b w a j i w a i t u k e k a l d a n t i d a k t a b u a k h i t a t , a t a u o t a n g y a n g m e n d u g a b a b w a d a l a m k e t n a t i a n a d a p e n d e r i t a a n y a n g s a n g a t m e o y a l d t k a n y a n g t i d a k s a m a d e r g a n p e n d e r i t a a n y a n g p e m a h d i a l a m i n y a d a n p e n y e b a b k e m u s n a b a n n y a , a t a u o t a n g y a n g y a k i n a d a s i k s a y a n g b a k a l m e n i m p a n y a s e t e l a h m a t i , a t a u o r a n g y a n g b i n g u n g t a k t a b u a p a y a n g a k a n d i b a d a p n y a s e t e l a h m a t i n a n t i , a t a u o r a n g y a n g s a y a n g h a r t a s e h i n g g a s e d i h k a l a u b a r t a n y a i t u a k a n d i t i n g r g a l k a n n y a . " " J a d i o r a n g y a n g t a k u t m a t i k a r e n a s i k s a a n y a n g m e n i m p a n y a , b u k a n l a h k e m a t i a n y a n g d i a t a k u t i m e l a i n k a n s i k s a a n i t u . S i k s a a n i t u d i d e r i t a h a n y a o l e h s e s u a t u y a n g t e t a p h i d u p s e t e l a h h a n c u m y a b a d a n n y a . S i a p a m e n g a k u i k e k a l n y a s e t e l a h h a n c u m y a b a d a n , m a k a d i a m e n g a k u i b a b w a y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n k e j i s e h i n g g a d i a t a k u t d i h u k u m , S e k a l i g u s d i a m e n g a k u i e k s i s t e n s i P e n g u a s a Y a n g M a h a A d i l y a n g h a n y a a k a n m e n g b u k u m p e l a k u p e r b u a t a n k e j i b u k a n p e l a k u p e r b u a t a n b a i k . D e n g a n b e g i t u , s e b e n a m y a d i a t a k u t p a d a d o s a - d o s a n y a s e n d i r i , b u k a n p a d a k e m a t i a n . B a r a n g s i a p a t a k u t d i s i k s a k a r e n a p e r b u a t a n d o s a , m a k a j a u b i l a b p e r b u a t a n d o s a i t u . " * M a k a b a l a s a n d i a k h i r a t a k a n t e r j a d i p a d a d i r i t n a n u s i a , k a r e n a m e n u m t n y a b a h w a j i w a l a h y a n g a k a n m e n e r i m a b a l a s a n k e b a h a g i a n d a n k e s e n g s a r a a n d i a k h i r a t d a n k e l e z a t a n j a s m a n i a b b u k a n l a h k e l e z a t a n y a n g s e b e n a m y a . "

4 . I b n S i n a [ 9 8 0 - 1 0 3 7 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g m e n g b a r m o n i s k a n a n t a r a f i l s a f a t d a n a g a m a , a n t a r a a k a l d a n w a b y u . " D a l a m p e r s o a l a n k e m a t i a n , i a m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h l e p a s n y a j i w a d a r i b a d a n , m a k a j i w a d d a k m a d k a r e n a k e m a t i a n b a d a n d a n d d a k a k a n r u s a k , w a l a u p u n r u s a k n y a b a d a n . " J a d i j i w a m a n u s i a s e b a l i k n y a k a r e n a b e r t u j u a n p a d a b a l -b a l y a n g a b s t r a k , d d a k a k a n m e m p e r o l e h b a l a s a n y a n g b a m s d i t e r i m a n y a d i d u n i a i n i , t e t a p i k e l a k h i d u p d i a k h i r a t , j i k a j i w a m a n u s i a t e l a h m e n c a p a i k e s e m p u m a a n s e b e l u m i a b e r p i s a b d e n g a n b a d a n , m a k a i a s e l a m a n y a a k a n b e r a d a d a l a m k e s e n a n g a n . D a n j i k a b e r p i s a b d e n g a n b a d a n d a l a m k e a d a a n d d a k s e m p u m a k a r e n a s e m a s a b e r s a t u d e n g a n b a d a n i a s e l a l u d i p e n g a r u b i o l e h h a w a n a f s u b a d a n , m a k a i a a k a n h i d u p d a l a m k e a d a a n m e n y e s i l l d a n t e r k u t u k u n t u k s e l a m a - l a m a n y a d i a k h i r a t . "

5 . I m a m A I - G b a z a l i [ 1 0 5 8 - 1 1 1 1 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g t e l a h m e n g k r i t i s i p e m i k i r a i l p a t a filosof m u s l i m t n a u p u n n o n m u s l i m y a n g b e r k e n a a n . d e n g a n filsafat k e m a t i a n y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k e b a n ^ t a n d a r i k u b u r h a n y a d e n g a n r o b a d i s a j a b u k a n d e n g a n j a s a d n y a . N a m u n I m a m A l - G b a z a l i

A L Q A L A M 2 4 6 VoL 29 No. 2 (Mci-Agustus) 2012

m e m b a n t a h n y a , b a b w a k e b a n g i d t a n m a n u s i a d a z i a l a m k u b u r i t u d e n g a n r o h a n i d a n j a s a d n y a . " B a b k a n i a m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h m e m i s a h k a n a n t a r a r o h d a n j a s a d , k e m u d i a n k e l a k a k a n m e n g e m b a l i k a n n y a l a g i p a d a b a d m a h s y a r d a n b a d k e b a n g k i t a n . S e m u a d i b a n g k i t k a n d a r i a l a m k u b u r d a n s e g a l a a m a l p e r b u a t a n b a i k d a n b u r u k d i p e r l i h a k a n n y a s e d e d l - d e t i l n y a . S u n g g u b b a h a g i a y a n g m c n g e r j a k a n s e g a l a k e b a i k a n a k a n d i m a s u k k a n k e s u r g a s e b a g a i t a m u A l l a h Y a n g M a h a P c n g a s i h , d a n s c n g s a r a y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n k e b u r u k a n a k a n d i m a s u k k a n k e n e r a k a y a n g p c n u b d a b a g a . M e r e k a y a n g m a s i b m e m i l i k i t a u b i d d i p e r i n t a b k a n u n t u k d i k e l u a r k a n d a r i n e r a k a s e t e l a h s i k s a a n n y a d i j a l a n i h i n g g a d d a k s e o r a n g p u n y a n g b e r i m a n t e r s i s a d i d a l a m n y a . N a m u n a d a p u l a y a n g d i k e l u a r k a n d a n n e r a k a w a l a u p u n s i k s a a n n y a b e l u m t u n t a s k a r e n a a d a n y a s y a f a a t p a r a N a b i , u l a m a , s y u h a d a , ' d a n o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g m e m i l i k i d e r a j a t s y a f a a t . K e m u d i a n m e r e k a y a n g m e n d a p a t k a n k e b a h a g i a n a k a n m c n i k m a d s u r g a s e l a m a - l a m a n y a s a m b i l m e m a n d a n g w a j a h A l l a h . S e d a n g k a n y a n g c e l a k a m e n e t a p d i n e r a k a y a n g t e r u s - m c n e r u s d i d c r a a z a b , d i j a u h k a n m e l a l u i h i j a b d a r i m e m a n d a n g A l l a h Y a n g M a h a A g u n g d a n M a h a M u l i a . * ' B a h k a n I m a n A l - G h a z a k m e n g k a d r k a n y a n g m e n y a k i n i b a h w a a l a m a d a l a h k e k a l , p e n g e t a h u a n T u h a n d d a k m e b p u d y a n g k e c i l - k c c i l , d a n p e n g i n g k a r a n t e r h a d a p k e b a n g k i t a n k e m b a b t u b u h d a n p e n g u m p u l a n n y a , k a r e n a h a l i t u p e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n a j a r a n I s l a m . "

6 . I b n R u s y d 1 1 1 2 6 - 1 1 9 8 ) a d a l a h s e o r a n g f i l o s o f I s l a i n y a n g m e m b e l a a t a s k r i t i k a n I m a m A l - G h a z a b y a n g t e l a h m e n g k a f i r k a n p a r a filosof k a r e n a m e n g i n g k a r i h a d k e b a n g k i t a n h a n y a d e n g a n r u h n y a s a j a . P a n d a n g a n i n i , d i b e n a r k a n o l e h I b n u R u s y d b a h w a k e b a n g k i t a n s e t e l a h m a t i a k a n t e r j a d i d e n g a n r u h n y a s a j a . ' T a n p a p e n j e l a s a n k a r e n a i a b e r a d a d a l a m p o s i s i b a r m o n i s a s i filsafat d a n a g a m a y a n g d i k u k u b k a n n y a . " T e t a p i I b n R u s y d m e n y a k i n i b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u s u a t u k e p a s t i a n d a r i T u h a n d a n k e b a n g k i t a n k e m b a l i m a n u s i a s e t e l a h m a d y a n g m e m u n g k i n k a n t e g a k n y a h u k u m a t a u t e r l a k s a n a n y a s a k s i , m e r u p a k a n a j a r a n y a n g d d a k b i s a d i p c r s o a l a n l a g i . P e r b e d a a n i t u h a n y a c a r a k e b a n g k i t a n s a j a , p a r a f i l o s o f p e f p i h a k k e p a d a k e b a n g k i t a n r u h a n i , s e d a n g k a n t e o l o g p e r p i h a k p a d a k e b a n g k i t a n j a s m a n i . * " J a d i k e b a n g k i t a n d a l a m w u j u d r u h a n i a k s i n s a n g a t k c c i l d a m p a k n y a d a l a m m e r a n g s a n g j i w a o r a n g a w a m , s e d a n g k a n k e b a n g k i t a n j a s m a n i a k a n l e b i h b e s a r p e n g a r u h n y a d a l a m m e n g h i m b a u m e r e k a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n -

K E M A TIAN M K N U R U T PARy\ F I L O S O F 2 4 7 S Y A F I T N MAN.SUR

p e r b u a t a n t e r p u j i a t a u a m a l - a m a l s a l eh . * * T e m a a s u k d a l a m k e h i d u p a n d i a k h i r a t i t u l a h s e t i a p o r a n g a k a n m e n d a p a t k a n b a l a s a n y a n g s e t i m p a l d e n g a n k e b a i k a n a t a u k e j a h a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n d i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n d u n i a . " D a n k e h i d u p a n d i a k h i r a t i t u l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a k e h i d u p a n d i d u n i a .

7 . M u l l a S h a d r a [ 1 5 7 2 - 1 6 4 1 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I s l a m y a n g m e m b i c a r a k a n p e r s o a l a n k e m a t i a n . M e n u r u t n y a b a b w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h d i k e l u a r k a n n y a j i w a d a r i b a d a n , d i p a l i n g k a n d a r i a l a m i n d e r a , d a n d i b a d a p k a n k e p a d a A l l a h d a n k e r a j a a n - N y a s e c a r a b e r t a b a p . " K e m a t i a n b e r b u b u n g a n d e n g a n s i f a t - s i f a t , b u k a n d e n g a n e s e n s i - e s e n s i k a r e n a i a m r u p a k a n p e r p i s a h a n , b u k a n k e s i m a a n d a n k e h i l a n g a n . M a k a k u b u r a n i t u , a d a k u b u r a n y a n g a d a d i A r s y d a n a d a p u l a k u b u r a n d i t a n a h . K u b u r a n d i A r s y a d a l a h u n t u k o r a n g - o r a n g t e r d a h u l u y a n g b e r i m a n , s e d a n g k a n k u b u r a n d i t a n a h a d a l a h b i s a b e r u p a t a m a n s u r g a d a n j u r a n g n e r a k a y a n g d i s e d i a k a n b a g i m a n u s i a . A r y s a d a l a h k u b u r a n b a g i p a r a r u h p e n g h u n i A r y s , s e d a n g k a n t a n a h a d a l a h k u b u r a n j a s a d p e n g h u n i t a n a h . " K e b a n g k i t a n m a n u s i a d a r i k u b u r a d a l a h k e d a t a n g a n k e p a d a A l l a h d a n k e b a d i r a n d i b a d a p a n - N y a , b a i k d e n g a n k e g e m b i r a a n k a r e n a p e r t e m u a n d e n g a n - N y a m a u p u n k a r e n a t e r p a k s a . B a r a n g s i a p a y a n g s e n a n g b e r t e m u d e n g a n A l l a h m a k a A l l a h p u n s e n a n g b e r t e m u d e n g a n n y a d a n b a r a n g s i a p a t i d a k s e n a n g b e r t e m u d e n g a n A l l a h m a k a A l l a h p u n t i d a k s e n a n g b e r t e m u d e n g a r m y a . " S e t e l a h k e b a n g k i t a n i t u , m a k a m a n u s i a d i k u m p u l k a n d i a l a m m a h s y a r d a n p e r t i m b a n g a n a m a l p e r b u a t a n m a n u s i a , s e h i n g g a a d a y a n g m a s u k k e s u t g a d a n k e n e r a k a . S u r g a a d a l a h t a m a n b a g i m a n u s i a y a n g j a t u b p a d a d a d a y a n g l u a s d e n g a n c a b a y a - c a b a y a m a k r i f a b k e p a d a A l l a h d a n p e n g i l b a m a n p a r a m a l a i k a t . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n i a m e n j a d i t e m a n p a r a m a l a i k a t A l l a h d a n b a m b a - b a m b a - N y a y a n g s a l i b . S e d a n g k a n n e r a k a a d a l a h j u r a n g b a g i m a n u s i a y a n g j a t u b d a l a m d a d a n y a y a n g s e m p i t d a n d i p e n u b i d e n g a n k e j a h a t a n d a n p e n y a k i t , t e m p a t t i n g g a l s e t a n d a n k c z a l i m a n , t e m p a t y a n g m e i i d a p a t l a k n a t d a n k e b e n c d a n A l l a h , s e r t a k e k a l d a l a m s i k s a a n . * '

Filosof Barat Tentang Kematian P a r a filosof B a r a t s e p a k a t b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u p a s t i t c r j a d i

p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a , w a l a u n p u n k e m a t i a n i t u m e n y a k i t k a n d a n m e n a k u t k a n b a g i m a n u s i a . H a l i t u , s u d a h t e r j a d i s e j a k m a n u s i a h i n g g a k i n i d a n k e j a d i a n d e m i k e j a d i a n y a n g m e n i m p a p a d a m a n u s i a

A I . Q M . A M 2 4 8 Vol.29 No. 2 (Md-Agustus) 2012

y a o g a k h i m y a m a t i j u g a . N a m u n k e b a n y a k a n m a n u s i a m e r a s a t a k u t d e n g a n k e m a t i a n d a n a d a p u l a y a n g m e n g a n g g a p t i d a k p e r l u d i n s a u k a n d e n g a n k e m a t i a n k a r e n a k e m a t i a n p a s t i m e n g h a m p i r i n y a . D a l a m k a i t a n i n i , a d a p e r b e d a a n d a l a m m e m a k n a i s e t e l a h k e m a t i a n , a d a y a n g m e m a k n a i b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h p e n g a d i l a n d i a k h i r a t d e n g a n t u n t a s d a n a d i l , d a n a d a p u l a y a n g m e m a k n a i b a b w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h m e n u j u k e h i d u p a n p a d a T u h a n , d a n s e b a g a i n y a . 1 . R e n e D e s c a r t e s [ 1 5 9 6 - 1 6 5 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g

d i k e n a l s e b a g a i B a p a k F i l o s o f M o d e m y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a m a n u s i a t e r d i t i d a r i r o h d a n j a s a d k a r e n a r o h i t u b e r t e m p a t d i t u b u h m a n u s i a , t e t a p i r o b d a n t u b u h t i d a k m e n j a d i s a t u , m a k a r o b l e b i h p a n t i n g d a n l e b i h k u a s a d a r i t u b u h k a r e n a r o h y a n g m e n y c b a b k a n t u b u h h i d u p d a n m u s t a h i l r o b i t u d a p a t m a t i . " "

2 . S p i n o z a [ 1 6 . 3 2 - 1 6 7 7 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e r a s a m u a k d e n g a n k o n s e p K r i s t e n d a l a m m e m a n d a n g h i d u p s e l t a g a i l e m b a h a i r m a t a d a n k e m a t i a n s e b a g a i p i n t u g e r b a n g m e n u j u s u r g a d a n n e r a k a . K o n s e p i n i , m e n c i p t a k a n s e k a t t e b a l b e m p a k e s e d i h a n m e n d a l a m y a n g m c n g h a m b a t r u a n g g e r a k a k t i v i t a s m a n u s i a . B e g i t u p u l a , k o n . s e p d o s a y a n g m e n y e l i p u t i h a r a p a n , c i t a - c i t a , d a n k e c e r i a a n m e r e k a d e n g a n k a b u t g e l a p . M e m i k i r k a n k e m a t i a n s i a n g d a n m a l a m a d a l a h c o r e t a n a r a n g d i m u k a k e h i d u p a n d a n p e r e m e h a n t e r h a d a p n y a . M a k a s e d i k i t y a n g m e m i k i r k a n m a n u s i a b e b a s a d a l a h k e m a t i a n d a n s e b a m s n y a m e l u a s k a n s e i u m b b i k m a b d a n n a l a m y a d e n g a n m e r e n u n g k a n k e h i d u p a n , b u k a n k e m a t i a n . " ' J a d i m a n u s i a d a p a t m e n g u s i r k e t a k u t a n a k a n k e m a t i a n d e n g a n m e n g a l i h k a n p e r b a t i a n n y a d a r i k e m a t i a n , s e r t a m e m u s a t k a n p e r b a t i a n p a d a k e h i d u p a n . T e t a p i k i t a t i d a k b i s a m e n g h i n d a r d a r i k e b a y a a n g a n k e m a t i a n . " ^

3 . I m m a n u e l K a n t [ 1 7 2 4 - 1 8 0 4 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e n g a t a k a n b a b w a t a k t e r b a y a n g k a n j i k a a d a a g a m a y a n g t i d a k m e h g a n d u n g d o k t r i n k e y a k i n a n a k a b k e h i d u p a n a k h i r a t . " ' T e m a s u k j u g a , s e c a r a m o r a l h i d u p i n i t i d a k a k a n b e r m a k n a , k a l a u s a j a t i d a k a d a b a s i s m e t a f i s i s y a n g p a s t i . B a s i s i t u a d a l a h [1 ] A d a y a k e y a k i n a n b a b w a s e t i a p o r a n g m e m i l i k i k e b e b a s a n u n t u k m e h e n t u k a n p i l i b a n b i d u p n y a s e c a r a o t o n o m , [2 ] A d a n y a k e a b a d i a n h i d u p s e t e l a h m a t i , d a n [3 ] T u h a n y a n g a k a n m e r i y e l e n g g a r a k a n p e n g a d i l a n a k h i r a t s e c a r a t u n t a s d a n a d i l . " *

4 . B e r t r a d R u s s e l [ 1 8 7 2 - 1 9 7 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e h y a t a k a n b a b w a a k u a k a n m e m b u s u k d a n t i d a k a d a s e s u a m p u n d a r i k u y a n g b i s a b e r t a b a n h i d u p . H a l i n i l a b y a n g i n g i n d i h i n d a r i a t a u d i s i n g k i r k a n o l e h k e b a n y a k a n o r a n g s e o r a n g y a n g

K E M A T I A N MliNURUT PAHA I T L O S O l ' 2 4 9 S Y A F I ' I N MANSUR

m e m i k i r k a n k e m a t i a i m y a s e n d i r i j u g a s e k a l i g u s m e m i k i r k a n k e h a n c u r a n a t a u k e b i n a s a a n t u b u h n y a d a n m e n d e g n y a p e n g a l a m a n - p e n g a l a m a n n y a . M a k a k e s a d a r a n s p o n t a n y a n g b i s a m u n c u l b a b w a k e m a t i a n k u a d a l a h k e h a n c u r a n t o t a l d a n b i n a s a d u n i a k u . K e m a t i a n k u b e r a r t i k e h i d u p a n , k e k o s o n g a n a t a u p e r j u m p a a n d e n g a n k e t i a d a a n . S e m e n t a r a d u n a i m a s i b b e r p u t a r , m a t a h a r i m a s i b b e r s i n a r , d a n m a k b l u k - t n a k b l u k l a i n b a i k m a n u s i a m a u p u n y a n g l a i n n y a m a s i b m e n e r u s k a n k e s i b u k a n m e r e k a d i d u n i a i n i , a k u d i t i n g g a l k a n d i d a l a m k e t i a d a a n , m e t e k a t i d a k l a g i m e m p u n y a i m a k n a a p a p u n b a g i k u . " "

5 . K a r l J a s p e r s [ 1 8 8 3 - 1 9 6 9 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a m a n u s i a t e r u s - m e n e r u s t e r l i h a t d a l a m b e l b a g a i y a n g m e m b a w a n y a k e p a d a s i t u a s i p e r b a t a s a n d i d a l a m p e n g a l a m a n m e n a k u t k a n d a t i k e n y a t a a n p e r j u a n g a n , p e n d e r i t a a n , d a n d o s a y a n g t a k d a p a t d i h i n d a r i . M a n u s i a s e l a l u d i a n c a m o l e h p e n g a l a m a n a k a n n a s i b t a k d a p a t d i u b a h , t e r u t a m a d a l a m k e m a t i a n d a r i o r a n g y a n g t e r c i n t a a t a u d i d a l a m k e s a d a r a n a k a n k e m a t i a n n y a s e n d i r i . D i m a n a - m a n a d i a n c a m o l e h k e m a c e t a n , h a b i s n y a p e n g h a r a p a n , k e p i i t u s a s a a n y a n g m e n c e k a m , m a k a j a l a n k e l u a m y a a d a l a h t e r b u k a b i l a o r a n g m e n e r i m a k e m a t i a n y a n g t e r j a d i p a d a n y a . B i l a k e m a t i a n d i a b s o l u t k a n y a n g t r a n s e n d e n m e n j a d i t e r s e l u b u n g , s e b a b s e m u a y a n g t i n g g a l h a n y a l a h k e b i n a s a a n . T e t a p i j i k a h i d u p d a n m a t i m e n j a d i i d e n t i k y a n g b a g i k i t a a b s u r d , s a t u - s a t u n y a u s a b a u n t u k m e m i k i r k a n n y a i a l a h d e n g a n m e l i b a t k a n s u a t u p r o s e s t r a n s e n d e n . K e m a t i a n t i d a k l a b s e p e r t i a p a y a n g k e l i h a t a n d i d a l a m b e n d a y a n g t i d a k h i d u p d a n m a t i a t a u d i d a l a m j a n a z a b y a n g t i d a k h i d u p l a g i , h i d u p b u k a n l a h s e s u a t u y a n g k e l i h a t a n s e b a g a i k e h i d u p a n t a n p a k e m a t i a n a t a u k e m a t i a n y a n g k e l i h a t a n s e b a g a i t a n p a k e h i d u p a n . D i d a l a m y a n g t r a n s e n d e n k e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n p e m e n u b a n d a r i a d a n y a s e b a g a i h i d u p y a n g t e l a h m e n j a d i s a t u d e n g a n y a n g a d a . "

6 . M a r t i n H a e d e g g a r [ 1 8 8 9 - 1 9 7 6 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a m a n u s i a p a d a h a k i k a t n y a m e m p u n y a i k e t e n t u a n y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n k e t e r b a t a s a n n y a d a l a m h a l w a k t u , y a i t u k e n y a t a a n d i l e m p a t k a n t a n p a p i l i b a n s e n d i r i k e d a l a m k e m a t i a n . D i a s e l a l u t e r b a y a n g i o l e h k e m u n g k m ^ n k e t i d a k a d a a n n y a , s e g e r a s e t e l a h k e l a h i r a n n y a d a n m a n t i s i a s u d a h c u k u p t u a m a t i . H i d u p m a n u s i a t i d a k p e m a h m e n j a d i l e n g k a p k a r e n a b e r a d a d a l a m k e a d a a n b e l u m . S e l a m a b i d u p n y a m a n u s i a s e l a l u b e l u m u t u b k a r e n a a k h i r b i d u p n y a m u l a i p e r s i s p a d a p e r m u l a a n b i d u p n y a . D a n a k h i r h i d u p i n i t i d a k d a p a t d e n g a n

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s e n d i r i n y a d i n y a t a k a n s e b a g a i p e m e n u b a n k a r e n a s e r i n g k a U b i d u p b a n y a m e n j a d i l a y u t a n p a p e n y e l e s a i a n . M a k a t u t u p u s i a s e b a i k n y a t i d a k b a n y a s e k e d a r d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i b e r h e n t i n y a k e h i d u p a n , a t a u d a l a m p r o s e s m e n u j u a k h i r . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , k e m a t i a n a d a l a h c a r a b e r a d a y a n g d i t e r i m a m a n u s i a s e g e r a s e t e l a h k e l a h i r a n n y a . K e m a t i a n b u k a n b a n y a m e r u p a k a n u r u s a n d i m a s a d a t a n g , t e t a p i s e l a l u b a d i r p a d a s e t i a p s a a t s e k a r a n g . M a k a h a r u s d i f a h a m i s e b a g a i s a t u t i t i k d a l a m p r o s e s k e m a t i a n , b a n y a d a l a m t e r a n g k e m a t i a n y a n g m e n g a n t a r k a n m a n u s i a k e m u s n a b a n a t a u b i d u p m a n u s i a m e n d a p a t k a n k e p u n a b a n . J a d i y a n g t e r p e n t i n g a d a l a h m e n g b a d a p i k e m a t i a n s e b a g a i s u a t u k e m u n g k i n a n y a n g n y a t a d a n s e c a r a s a d a r d a l a m m e m p e r s i a p k a n H i r i s e b a i k - b a i k n y a b a g i k e m a t i a n s e b a g a i d i r i n y a y a n g u t u h d a n n y a t a . H a l i t u , s e b a g a i s i k a p m a n u s i a y a n g t e n a n g d a n r a s i o n a l d i d a l a m m e m a k n a i k e m a t i a n . "

7 . J e a n P a u l S a r t r e [ 1 9 0 5 - 1 9 8 0 ] a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof B a r a t y a n g m e n y a t a k a n k e m a t i a n s e b a g a i b a g i a n i n t e g r a l d a r i h i d u p m a n u s i a . K e h i d u p a n t i d a k b e r t o l a k d a r i k e m a t i a n , t e t a p i k e m a t i a n b e r t o l a k d a r i k e h i d u p a n . K e m a t i a n a d a l a h k e n y a t a a n y a n g m e n i m p a m a n u s i a d e n g a n t i b a - t i b a d a n b u t a s e h i n ^ a t i d a k m a m p u m e m a h a m i d a n m e n g o n t r o l n y a . K e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n p e r i s t i w a y a n g m e n d a d a k d a n t i d a k d i h a r a p k a n , t i d a k b i s a d i p e r h i t u n g k a n d a n s e l a l u m c n g e j u t k a n b a h k a n b a g i s e s e o r a n g y a n g t e l a h m e n a n t i k a n n y a s e p e r t i s u a t u h a l y a n g p a s t i . K e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n p e r i s t i w a y a n g d a t a n g t a n p a w a k t u y a n g p a s t i d a n d e n g a n k e j a m m e n e r o b o s m e n u s u k k e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a s e l a g i m a n u s i a s e n d i r i s e d a n g m e r e n c a n a k a n b i d u p s e l a n j u m y a d a n b e r u s a b a m e i y u j u d k a n k e m u n g k i n a n - k e m u n g k i n a n n y a . J a d i k e m a t i a n t i d a k m e m b a n t u , t e t a p i j u s t r u m e n g g a g a l k a n u s a b a m a n u s i a u n t u k m e n c a p a i k e u t u b a n n y a k a r e n a k e m a t i a n m e r a m p a s s e m u a m a k n a d a r i k e h i d u p a n d a n d i b a y a n g i o l e h k e m u n g k i n a n k e h a n c u r a n s e g a l a k e m u n g k i n a n y a n g a d a p a d a n y a d i d a l a m p e r i s t i w a k e t n a t i a n . K e m a t i a n s e b a g a i a k h i r k e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n a k h i r y a n g s i a - s i a d a n t a n p a m a k n a k a r e n a a k h i r k e h i d u p a n . S e m u a k e m u n g i k a n y a n g t e l a h d i r e a l i s a s i k a n d i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n t e l a h d i s a p u h b e r s i h o l e h p e r i s t i w a y a n g m e n d a d a k s e h i n g g a b i d u p a k h i m y a s e b a g a i k e p i n g a n - k e p e n g a n t a n p a t n a k n a . K e h i d u p a n m e n j a d i s i a - s i a b c l a k a d i d a l a m k e t n a t i a n . K e m a t i a n s e l a l u a b s u r d d a n t i d a k d i m e n g e r t i k a r e n a k e m a t i a n m e m b u a t s e l u r u h k e h i d u p a n a b s u r d . K e m a t i a n m e m p a k a n k e n i n i u h a n m e n d a d a k y a n g d a t a n g d a r i l u a r d a n t i d a k b e r m a k n a . M u s i k

K E M A T I A N M I - N l I R i r i I'ARA l -TLOSOl' 2 5 1 SYAI-TTN MAN.SUR

k e h i d u p a n y a n g t e l a h d i m a i n k a n d e n g a n h a t i - h a t i d a n i n d a h s e l a m a h i d u p h a n y a f t i a k h i r i d e n g a n s u a r a s u m b a n g y a n g m e m e k a k n d a n m e m s a k s e l u r u h k e i n d a h a n i r a m a k e h i d u p a n y a n g t e l a h d i m a i n k a n n y a . "

Filosof Indonesia Tentang Kematian P a r a filosof I n d o n e s i a s e m a p a k a t b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a k a n

d i a l a m i o l e h m a n u s i a k a r e n a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h k e t e n t u a n d a n k e p a s t i a n d a r i T u h a n . W a l a u p u n m a n u s i a b e l u m s i a p a t a u s u d a h s i a p p a s t i k e m a t i a n a k a n m e n j e m p u t n y a d a n m e n i n g g a l k a n y a n g d i d n t a i d a n y a n g d i m i l i k i n y a . M e m a n g k e m a t i a n m e n i m b t i l k a n k e s e d i h a n , k e p a h i t a n , d a n k e p a n i k a n y a n g m e n a k u t k a n b a g i y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n n y a , n a m u n k e m a t i a n m e m a n g m i s t e r i d a n t i b a - t i b a d a t a n g n y a . K e m a t i a n t i d a k b i s a d i t u n d a k a l a u T u h a n s u d a h b e r k e n d a k u n t u k m e n g a k b i r i k e h i d u p a n d i d u n i a i n i k a r e n a s e m u a m a n u s i a a k a n k e m b a l i k e p a d a T u h a n u n t u k d i m i n t a b c r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n a t a s p e r b u a t a n n y a d i d u n i a s e h i n g g a d e n g a n a m a l p e r b u a t a n i t u m a n u s i a a d a y a n g d i m a s u k k a n d i s u r g a d a n a d a p u l a y a n g d i m a s u k k a n d i n e r a k a .

1 . H a r u n N a s u t i o n s e o r a n g filosof I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a k e m a t i a n p a s t i t e r j a d i p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a . W a l a u p u n s e s e o r a n g b a d a n n y a t e l a h t a k b e m y a w a l a g i , b a b k a n t u b u h n y a t e l a h h a n c u r , t e t a p i k c p r i b a d i a n n y a m a s i b b i d u p . K c p b r i b a d i a n i n i l a b n a n t i y a n g a k a n b e r j u m p a d e n g a n T u b a n n y a . K e p r i b a d i a n i n i d i s e b u t d e n g a n r o b , n a f s , j i w a , a k a l , s a u l , d a n s e b a g a i n y a . " ' K e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a y a n g k e d r i a i n i a k a n m e m p u n y a i t u b u h d a n d i s a m p i n g r o b n y a y a n g a k a n m a s u k surga''°

2 . S i d i G a z a l b a a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n y a t a k n b a b w a m a n u s i a d e m i k i a n a s y i k d e n g a n k e h i d u p a n n y a s e h i n g g a i a l u p a b a b w a d a r i b a n k e b a n d a n s a a t k e s a a t i a m a k i n m e n d e k a t i m a t i . K e n y a t a a n y a n g t a k t e r t o l o k d a n k e p a s t i a n y a n g t a k m u n g k i n d i i n g k a r i b a b w a b e s o k a t a u l u s a , s e b u l a n a t a u s e t a b u n l a g i , s e p e l u b a t a u b e b e r a p a p u l u b t a b i m l a g i b a b w a tdap d i r i y a n g m a s i b b i d u p a k a n m a t i . B a b k a n k e m a t i a n p a s t i a k a n t i b a , t e t a p i m a n u s i a l u p a a k a n m a t i s e h i n g g a o r a n g m e n i t i g g a l t a n p a k e s a d a r a n , i a t i b a - t i b a s a j a m a t i t a n p a s e b e l u m n y a m e n y a d a r i b a b w a i a a k a n m a t i . * ' H i d u p i n i b a n y a s e b e n t a r , i a p a s t i d i a k h t r i o l e h m a t i d a n s t a t u s m a d i t u a b a d i k a r e n a b i d u p m e n g a r a b k e p a d a k a m a t i a n , m a k a p e r b a t i a n k e p a d a p e r s o a l a n m a t i s e b a r u s n y a j a u h l e b i h b a n y a k p e r b a t i a n n y a . K a r e n a s e l a m a i n i

A L Q A L A M 2 5 2 VoL 29 No. 2 (Ma-Agustus) 2012

d d a k p e m a h k i t a b e r i k a n y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n k e m a d a n , b a h w a h a n y a d e n g a n k e s a d a r a n a k a n m a d m a k a k e h i d u p a n d a p a t b e r t n a k a n . * ^ M a d a d a l a h s u a t u k e p a s t i a n y a n g t a k m u n g k i n d a p a t t e r e l a k k a n d e n g a n j a l a n a p a p u n j u g a , k a r e n a k e m a t i a n s e s e o r a n g t e t a p d i t a n g a n T u h a n , b a h w a m a n u s i a y a n g m a d t i d a k a k a n k e m b a l i k e d u n i a . l a g i m e l a i n k a n b i d u p d i a k h i r a t . M a n u s i a a k a n d i b s l n g k i t k a n d i k u b u r n y a u n t u k b e r k u m p u l , d i p e n k s a d a n d i p e r h i t u n g k a n a t n a l n y a t n a s i n g - m a s i n g , s e r t a d i t n i n t a b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n a t a s p e r b u a t a n d i d u n i a . P e r b u a t a n b a i k d i b a l a s d e n g a n b a i k d a n p e r b u a t a n b u r u k d i b a l a s d e n g a n b u r u k j u g a . * " M a k a t n a n u s i a a k a n d i m a s u k k a n k e s u t g a a t a u k e n e r a k a s e s u a i d e n g a n a m a l p e r b u a t a n n y a . S u r g a s e b a g a i t e m p a t b a l a s a n b a g i y a n g m e l a k u k a n a m a l k e b a i k a n d a n n e r a k a s e b a g a i t e m p a t b a l a s a n b a g i y a n g m e l a k u k a n k e b u r u k a n . S u t g a t e m p a t y a n g m e n y e n a n g k a n d a n k e n i k m a t a n , s e d a n g k a n n e r a k a t e m p a t t e r s i k s a , m a l a n g , d a n c e l a k a . * *

3 . K o m a r u d d i n H i d a y a t a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a m a d p a s d a k a n d b a d a n p u n a h l a h s e m u a y a n g d i c i n t a i d a n d i n i k m a d d a l a m h i d u p i n k A d a y a n g m e n o b k t e n t a n g k e b a d i r a n k e m a t i a n d a n b e r u s a b a m e n g b i n d a r i s e m u a j a l a n k c p i n t u k e m a t i a n , s e r t a a d a p u l a y a n g s e l a l u m e n d a m b a k a n d a n m e m b a y a n g k a n k e a b a d i a n . * " K e m a t i a n a d a l a h s u a t u k e p a s t i a n d a n p e t i s d w a n y a p a s d a k a n m e n i m p a s e t i a p o r a n g . M e s k i p u n b a k i k a t k e m a t i a n s e r t a a p a y a n g t e r j a d i s e t e l a b n y a , s e l a l u m e n y i m p a n m e s t e d y a n g d d a k p e m a h t e r t m g k a p . * * K e m a t i a n d d a k b e t a r d l a l u k i t a p a s i f , s e b a l i k n y a j u s t m l e b i b s e d u s m e n j a l a n i b i d u p , m e n g i n g a t f a s i l i t a s u m u r y a n g t e r a t n a t p e n d e k , i b a r a t o r a n g l o m b a l a r i , m a k a i a a k a n b e r p a c u k a r e n a a d a n y a b a t a s w a k t u d a n g a r i s finis.*' K e m a t i a n i t u m e n g a k b i r i s e l u r u h e k s i s t e n s i d a n t n i s i k e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a , k a r e n a k e m a t i a n b u k a n a k h i r d a r i k e h i d u p a n , m e l a i n k a n g a r i s t r a n s i s L B a g i m e r e k a y a n g k e t i k a b i d u p n y a t e l a h b a n y a k b e r b u a t a n k e b a i k a n , m a k a k e m a d a n a d a l a h p i n t u g e r b a n g u n t u k m e m a s u k i k e h i d u p a n b a r u y a n g l e b i h i n d a h , a g u i i g d a n a b a d i . K e m a t i a n b e g i t u m e n a k u t k a n b a g i m e r e k a y a n g d d a k t a b u a p a y a n g a k a n t e r j a d i . s e t e l a h k e m a d a n , k a l a u s a j a s e s e o r a n g b i s a m e n g h i l a n g k a n b e n i b i m a n d a n a r g u m e n filosofi a k a n a d a n y a k e a b a d i a n j i w a , s a n g a t b i s a j a d i o r a n g t a k a k a n t a k u t m a d . * " K e m a t i a n i t u s e b u a h m a l a p e t a k a , s e b u a h t t a g c d i d a n s e b u a h m u s i b a b y a n g m c n d a t a n g k a n k e s e d i h a n k a r e n a k e m a t i a n a d a l s b s e b u a h k e n i s c a y a a n y a n g m e n g a k b i r i u n t u k s e l a m a n y a d e s a h n a f a s d a n l a n g k a b b i d u p s e s e o r a n g , t n a k a k e m a t i a n

K E M A T I A N MKNURLTI I'ARA F l U l S O F 2 5 3 S Y A F I ' I N MANSUR

m c n d e s a k a n s e b u a h m i s t e i i a g u n g e k s i s t e n s i m a n u s i a . * ' K e t n a t i a n s u d a h p a s t i s e t i a p s a a t k i a n m e n d e k a t d a n t i d a k b i s a d i b e n t i k a n a t a u d i s u m b b e t b a l i k a r a h , k a t e n a s u d a h p a s t i d a t a n g n y a , m a k a s i k a p t e r b a i k a d a l a h b e r s i a p m e n y a m b u t n y a . B a h k a n p i n t u k e m a t i a n i t u s u d a h m e m i l i k i n o m o r u r u t n y a d a n k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h k e h e n d a k d a n m i l i k T u h a n . ' " O l e h k a r e n a i t u , a d a s e m b i l a n p e g a n g a n y a n g b e r s u m b e r d a t i w a b y u T u h a n y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n k e m a t i a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a . I n g a t l a b , m a u t i d a k m a i l k e t n a t i a n a k a n m e n j e m p u t a n d a . A n d a t i d a k m e n u n g k i n l a r i d a t i n y a . D i m a n a p u n a n d a b e r a d a , k e m a t i a n a k a n m e n j e n q i u t . A n d a j a n g a n p e m a h m e m b a y a n ^ r a n b i s a tTnt^ghifiHarifiya s e k a l i p u n b e n t e n g d a t i b a j a m e n g e l i l i n g i a n d a [ Q S . A n - N i s a [ 4 ] : 7 8 ] .

b . A n d a j a n g a n s a m p a i t e t t i p u o l e h k e h i d u p a n d u n i a y a n g m e m p e r d a y a k a n , k e k a y a a n , j a b a t a n , a t a u k e t u r u n a n y a n g a n d a m i l i k i t i d a k b i s a mfngbindgrkan a n d a d a r i k e m a t i a n . S i a p a p u n , s e p a n j a n g i a m e m i l i k i j i w a a k a n m e t a s a k a n k e m a t i a n [ Q S . A l l I m a r a n [3 ] 1 8 5 d a n A l - A n b i y a [ 2 1 ] : 3 5 ] .

c . D i m a n a p u n a n d a b e r a d a , i n g a t l a h s e l a l u A l l a h . B e n i s a h a l a h u n t u k s e l a l u b e r b u a t k e b a i k a n , k a p a n p i m d a n d i m a n a p u n k a r e n a t i d a k a d a s e o r a n g p u n yang mampu m e n g e t a h u i d i b u m i m a n a d i a k a n m a t i [ Q S . L u q m a n [ 3 1 ] : 3 4 ] .

d . A n d a t i d a k m u n g k i n l a r i d a r i k e m a t i a n , k e m a n a p i m a n d a b e r l a n , k e m a t i a n a k a n m e n e m u i m u [ Q S . A l - J u m u ' a b [ 6 2 ] : 8 } .

e . B i l a k e m a t i a n t e l a h m e n j e m p u t , s u a m i a t a u i s t i i , a n a k , k e l u a r g a , t e m a n , h a r t a , d a n j a b a t a n a k a n a n d a t i n ^ a l k a n . H a n y a a m a l y a n g a k a n m e n e m a n i a n d a . A m a l a n d a p u l a y a n g a k a n m e n e n t u k a n d i m a n a a n d a t i n g g a l n a n t i . B i l a a m a l k e b a i k a n y a n g m e n e m a n i , s u r g e a k a n m e n j a d i t e m p a t a n d a b e r l a b u b [ Q S . A n - N a b l [ 1 6 ] : 3 2 ] . S e m e n t a r a b i l a a m a l k e j e l a k a n y a n g a n d a b a w a , n e t a k a l a h y a n g a k a n a n d a t e r i m a [ Q S . A l - A h q a f [ 4 6 ] : 2 0 ] .

f. S e m u a p e r b u a t a n y a n g a r i d a l a k u k a n s e l a m a d i d u n i a t e r c a t a t d a l a m s e b u a h k i t a b . P a d a s a a t n y a n a n t i k i t a b t e r s e b u t a k a n d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a a n d a , d a n a n d a a k a n m e n e m t i k a n s e m u a p e r b u a t a n a n d a , d a r i y a n g p e n t i n g s a m p a i y a n g s e p e l e , t e r c a c a t d e n g a n r a p i b . T i d a k a d a s e d i k i t p u n p e n g u t a n g a n d a n p e n a m b a b a n , k a r e n a A l l a h t i d a k a k a n m e n g a n i a y a s i a p a p u n [ Q S . A l - K a b f i [ 1 8 ] : 4 9 ] .

g . A p a y a n g t e l a h a n d a l a k u k a n d i d u n i a , a k a n a n d a p c r t a n ^ q n g j a w a b a n n y a . K e t i k a p r o s e s p e r t a n ^ ; u n g -

A I X 2 A L A M 2 5 4 VoL29 No.2 (Mt i -Agi j » t i i s )2012

j a w a b a n I j e r l a n g s u n g , m u l u t a n d a a k a n d i k u n c i , t a n g a n d a n k a k i a k a n m e n j a d i s a k s i a t a s a p a y a n g t e l a h a n d a u s a h a k a n s e l a m a d i d u n i a [ Q S . Y a s i n [ 36 J : 6 5 ] . B e g i t u j u g a , p e n d e n g a r a n , p e n g l i h a t a n , d a n k u l i t a n d a . S e m u a n y a m e n j a d i s a k s i a t a s a p a y a n g t e l a h a n d a k e r j a k a n [ Q S . F u s h s h i l a t [ 4 1 ] : 2 0 - 2 1 ] .

h . P a d a h a r i k i a m a t n a n t i , k e s e n g s a r a a n d a n k e b a h a g i a n a k a n t e r p a n c a r p a d a w a j a h . W a j a h o r a n g b e r i m a n a k a n m e m a m c a r k a n c a h a y a , p u t i b b e r s e r i , m e r e k a b a h a g i a m e m b a y a n g k a n s u r g e d e n g a n s e g a l a k e n i k m a t a n n y a . S e m e n t a r a w a j a h o r a n g k a f i r t e r l i h a t m u r u n g , b i t a m k e l a m , m e r e k a n g e r i m e m b a y a n g k a n k e s e n g s a r a a n n e r a k a d e n g a n s e g a l a a z a b n y a [ Q S . A l l I m r a n [ 3 ] : 1 0 6 - 1 0 7 ] .

L A n d a t i d a k p e r l u l a r u t d i d a l a m k e s e d i h a n k a r e n a k e p e r g i a n o r a n g y a n g t e r c i n t a . B i l a a n d a b e r i m a n d a n b e r a m a l s h a l e h , a n d a a k a n d i p e r t e m i i k a n k e m b a l i d e n g a n n y a d i s u r g e [ Q S . A t b - T b u r [ 5 2 | : 2 1 d a n A l - I n s y i q a q [ 8 4 ] : 7 - 9 ] . "

j . A m s a l B a k b t i a r a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h s u a t u k e p a s t i a n k a r e n a m a t i a d a l a h f a k t a y a n g t i d a k s e o r a n g p u n m a m p u m e n o l a k n y a . D i s a m p i n g i t u , b e l u m p e r n a b a d a o r a n g y a n g k e m b a l i d a r i a l a m k u b u r u n t u k m e n c e r i t a k a n k e a d a a n d i s a n a . K a l a u a d a o r a n g y a n g t i d a k p e r c a y a k e p a d a T u h a n a t a u a k h i r a t , s i k a p i t u b i s a d i t o l e r e i r , t e t a p i k a l a u a d a o r a n g y a n g t i d a k p e r c a y a p a d a k e m a t i a n , t e n t u s i k a p t e r s e b u t t i d a k d a p a t d i t o l e r i r , k e n d a t j d i a m e n g e m u k a k a n b e r b a g a i a r g u m e n t . K e m a t i a n a d a l a h f a k t a , s e d a n g k a n a k h i r a t b u k a n f a k t a t e t a p i k e y a k i n a n y a n g d i p e r k u a t o l e h a r g u m e n t y a n g l o g i s . " K e h i d u p a n s e t e l a h m a t i a d a l a h s u a t u k e y a k i n a n y a n g p o k o k s e t e l a h i m a n k e p a d a T u h a n k a r e n a k e h i d u p a n s e t e l a h m a t i i t u a d a l a h k e h i d u p a n y a n g b a k i k i d a n l e b i b m u l i a d a r i p a d a k e h i d u p a n d i d u n i a . " M a k a h i a n u s i a y a n g s u c i l a b y a n g m a m p u m e n d e k a t k a n d i r i k e p a d a T u h a n , a d a p u n m a n u s i a y a n g b c r g c l i m a n g d e n g a n d o s a t i i l a k d a p a t m e n g b a m p i r i T u h a n . J a d i k e p r i b a d i a n y a n g y a n g s u c i j r a n g a k a n b e r t e m u d e n g a n T u h a n k a r e n a T u h a n l a h Y a n g M a h a A d i l , m a k a k e h i d u p a n a k b i r a d a h s e b a g a i k o n s e k u c n s i l a g i s d a r i t u n t u t a n m a n u s i a m e n c a r i k e a d i l a n y a n g s e m p u m a . "

k . P . H a r d o n o H a d i a d a l a h s e o r a n g f i l o s o f I n d o n e s i a y a n g t n e n g a t a k a n b a h w a k e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n k e n y a t a a n y a n g p a s t i d a n m e r u p a l t a n b a g i a n i n t e g r a l d a r i k e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a . N a m u n , k e n y a t a a n y a n g t a k t e r h i n d a r k a n i n i d d a k m e n g a k i b a t k a n b a b w a k e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n t o p i k y a n g

K E M A T I A N M E N l I R U f PARA FUXXSOF 2 5 5 S Y A F I T N MANSUR

m e n a d k u n t u k d i b i c a r a k a n , d i u l a s , d a n r e n u n g k a n . K e m a t i a n j u s t r u m e r u p a k a n b a l y a n g i n g i n d i b i n d a r k a n d a n d i s i n g k i r k a n d a r i k e s a d a r a n k e h i d u p a n k i t a . K i t a t i d a k m a u d a n d d a k p u n y a k e s e m p a t a n u n t u k h e r f i k i r t e n t a n g k e m a t i a n s e c a r a s e r i u s . ' " B a g i k i t a m a n u s i a , k e m a t i a n t e t a p l a b m e r u p a k a n p e n g a l a m a n y a n g n y a t a m e s k i p u n d d a k l a n g s u n g d i a l a m i s e c a r a p e r s o n a l N a m u m , k e m a t i a n s e k a l i g u s b e t s i f a t m i s t e n u s d a n b e g i t u s a r a t d e n g a n m u a t a n s e h i n g g a m e n i m b u l k a n m a c a m - m a c a m s i k a p d a n i n t e r p r e t a s i . K i r a n y a d d a k d a p a t d i s a n g k a l b a h w a k e m a t i a n d d a k p e m a h b i s a d i a n g g a p s e p i o l e h s i a p a p u n . M e m a n g b e n a r b a h w a k i t a b e l u m p e m a h m a d , t e t a p i b a n y a k p e r i s d w a k e m a t i a n y a n g s e t n a k i n l a m a r a s a n y a s e m a k i n m e n d e k a d p u s a t l i n g k a r a n k e h i d u p a n k i t a . K e m a t i a n m e n j a d i b e g i t u n y a t a d a n d d a k d a p a t d i s a n g k a l k e b e n a r a n n y a . M e m a n g k e m a t i a n h a n y a t e r j a d i s a t u k a l i p a d a o r a n g y a n g m e n g a l a m i n y a d a n d d a k a d a p e n g u l a n g a n s e h i n g g a k i t a d d a k b i s a m e n c a r i p e n g a l a m a n a g a r k i t a b i s a m e m p e r s i a p k a n d i d s e b a i k - b a i k n y a b e r d a s a r k a n p e n g a l a m a n i t u . " K a l a u k e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n b a l y a n g d d a k d a p a t d i h i n d a r i d i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n i n i , m a k a b a g i o r a n g t e r s e b u t , k e m a t i a n s u d a h d i p e r h i t u n g k a n , t e r m a s u k k e m u n g k i n a n m a d m e n d a d a k , b a b k a n b i s a d i l a t i b d a n d i p e r s i a p a k a n . B e g i t u p u l a , k a l a u T u h a n d d a k p e m a h m a s u k d i d a l a m p e r b i t u n g a n n y a u n t u k m e m b u a t k e p u t u s a n d i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n s e b a r - b a r i , m a k a k e b a d i r a n T u h a n d i s a a t k e m a t i a n n y a j u g a a k a n m e r u p a k a n k e s u l i t a n u n t u k d i r a s a k a n . K a l a u b a r a n g - b a r a n g d u n i a w i d a n k e h i d u p a n e n a k m e r u p a k a n b a l y a n g p a l i n g u t a m a s e l a m a b i d u p i n i , m a k a p a d a s a a t k e m a t i a n p u n d i a j u g a l e b i b m e r a s a k a n k e h i l a n g a n b e s a r -b e s a r a n d a n b i d u p n y a t e r a s a b e r a k b i r d i d a l a m a b s u r d i t a s m u t l a k . "

1. A n t o n B a k k e r a d a l a h s e o r a n g filosof I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a k e m a t i a n d i n i l a i m e n j a d i n a s i b n a t u r a l b a g i s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g b i d u p . M a n u s i a i k u t s e r t a d a l a m b a k i k a t a l a m s e m e s t a , i a l a h i r , b e r k e m b a n g , m e n y u m b a n g k a n d i r i n y a k e p a d a d u n i a , d a n a k b i r r l y a m a d l a g i . H a k i k a t k e m a t i a n d r . p a t d i r u m u s k a n s e b a g a i b e r a k b i m y a k e h i d u p a n a t a u b e r b e n d n y a m a k h l u k . B a b k a n m a n u s i a t a b u a k a n k e m a t i a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e d s d w a k e m a d a n o r a n g l a i n s e b a g a i s u a t u p e n g a l a m a n u m u m . K e m a d a n b a g i m a n u s i a l a l u s u a t u f a k t a d i l u a r d i s e n d i r i , k e m a t i a n b e l u m t n e r u p a k a n u n s u r e e k s i s t e n s i a l , b e l u m m e n j a d i k e n y a t a a n b a g i d i a p d b a d i . Y a n g m a u d i k e t e m u k a n

A L Q A L A M 2 5 6 VoL 29 No. 2 (Mei-Agustus) 2012

i a l a h b u k a n k e m a t i a n u m a t m a n u s i a p a d a u m u m n y a , m e l a i n k a n k e m a t i a n p e r s e o r a n g a n . " J a d i k e m a t i a n m e r u p a k a n t i t i k p e n u t u p b a g i s e l u r u h k e h i d u p a n n y a d a n m e n g u m p u l k a n s e g a l a - g a l a n y a k a r e n a k e m a t i a n b u k a n h a n y a b e r a r t i n e g a t i f t e t a p i j u g a m e m p u n y a i s e g i p o s i t i f . K e m a t i a n m a n u s i a t n e n c a p a i p u n c a k f a c t u a l , p e n y e l e s a i a n , t i t i k a k h i r y a n g m e n y i m p u l k a n s e l u r u h b i d u p n y a . " S u r g a d a n n e r a k a m a n u s i a l a h y a n g m e n c i p t a k a n n y a s e j a k m u l a i d a l a m b i d u p n y a k a r e n a s u r g e d a n n e r a k a b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e r b u a t a n b a i k d a n j a h a t . S c j a u h m a n u s i a d a l a m k e m a t i a n n y a m e m u t u s d a n m e m i l i h y a n g b e n a r d a n b a i k , m a k a k r i s t a l i s a s i i t u m e n g u m p u l k a n s e l u r u h h i d u p d a l a m p e n g a r t i a n b e n a r d a n p e n g h a r g a a n b a i k t e r h a d a p d i r i d a n y a n g I a i n , s e h i n g g a h i d u p k i t a p a d a d a s a m y a m e r u p a k a n h a r m o n i , d a l a m o t o n o m i d a n k o r e l a s i . K r i s t a b s a s i i t u m e r u p a k a n i m a n d a n c i n t a d e f i n i t i v e d e n g a n s e n d i r i n y a m e m b a h a g i a n , d a n i n i d a p a t d i s e b u t s u r g a . S e j a u h m a n u s i a d a l a m k e m a t i a n n y a m e m u t u s d a n m e m i b b y a n g s a l a h d a n y a n g j a b a t , m a k a k r i s t a b s a s i i t u m e n g u m p u l k a n s e l u r u h b b i d u p d a l a m p e n g a r t i a n p a l s u d a n p e n g h a r g a a n j a b a t t e r h a d a p d i r i d a n y a n g l a i n s e h i n g g a b i d u p i t u p a d a d a s a m y a m e r u p a k a n p e n y e l e e n g a n d a l a m o t o n o m i d a n k r e l a s i . K r i s t a b . s a s i i t u m e r u p a k a n p e n y a l a b s a n g k a a n d a n b e n c i d e f i n i t f , i t u d e n g a n s e n d i r i n y a m e n c e l a k a k a n , d a n m i d a p a t d i s e b u t n e r a k a . " "

Penutup D a l a m b a g i a n p e n u t u p i n i , d a p a t d i t a r i k s u a t u k e s i m p u l k a n

b a h w a p a r a f i l o s o f Y u n a n i , filosof I s l a m , filosof B a r a t , d a n f i l o s o f I n d o n e s i a s e p a k a t b a h w a k e m a t i a n a d a l a h s u a t u h a l y a n g p a s t i t e r j a d i p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a y a n g h i d u p d i a t a s m u k a b u m i i n i . W a l a u p u n k e m a t i a n i t u a d a l a h s u a t u y a n g m e s t e r i u s d a n t i b a - t i b a d a t a n g m e n j e m p u t n y a t a n p a a b a - a b a a t a u p e m b e r i t a h u a n k e p a d a o r a n g y a n g a k a n m e n i n g g a l d u n i a .

K e m a t i a n y a n g d i a l a m i o l e h s e t i a p m a n u s i a i t u b e r b e d a - b e d a , a d a y a n g m a t i k e r e n a t u t u p u s i a , m a t i k ^ e n a j a t u b s a k i t , m a t i k e r e n a t a m b r a k a n , m a t i k a r e n a p e p e r a n g a n , m a t i k e r e n a j a t u b d i r i k a p a l t e r b a n g , m a t i k e r e n a t e n g g e l a m , d a n s e b a g a i n y a . S e m u a k e j a d i a n i t u , m e n j a d i s u a t u p e n g a l a m a n b a g i m a n u s i a y a n g b e l u m m e n i n g g a l , s u p a y a m e r e k a m e m a h a m i d a n m e n y a d a r i b a b w a k e m a t i a n i t u a k a n d a t a n g d a n m e n d e k a t i p a d a d i r i m a n u s i a . W a l a u p u n k e m a t i a n i t u

K E M A T I A N M E N U R U T PARA F I L O S O F 2 5 7 S Y A F I T N MANSUR

m e n y e d i h k a n d a n m e n y a k i t k a n b a g i y a n g d i t i n ^ a l k a n t e t a p i i a p a s t i m e n g b a m p i t i n y a .

K e m a t i a n m a n u s i a s e s u a i d e n g a n u r u t n o m o r y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n o l e h T u h a n k a r e n a k o n t r o k k e h i d u p a n d i d u n i a s u d a h h a b i s , m a k a k e m a t i a n m a n u s i a t i d a k b i s a d i u n d u r m a u p u n d i t u n d a . B a h k a n k e m a t i a n t i d a k a k a n k e m b a l i l a g i k a r e n a m a n u s i a s u d a h t e r k u b u r d i t a n a h , d a g i n g s u d a h t n e m b u s u k , t u l a n g - b e l u l a n g h a n c u r , t e t a p i r u b t i d a k m a t i . W a l a u p u n p a r a filosof a d a p e r b e d a a n d a l a m k e b a n g k i t a n d a r i a l a m k u b u r a d a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a b w a b a n y a r u h n y a s a j a , t e t a p i j u g a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n d e n g a n r u b d a n j a s a d n y a . B e r a r t i s u r g a d a n n e g a r a p u n a d a b e r p e d a a n s e p e r t i i t u . N a m u n y a n g j e l a s , b a b w a s e m u a filosof s e p a k a t b a b w a m a n u s i a y a n g b a i k m a k a a k a n m a s u k k e s u r g a d a n m a n u s i a y a n g b u r u k a k a n m a s u k k e n e r a g a . S e m u a i t u , t e r g a n t u n g p e r b u a t a n t n a n u s i a d i d u n i a .

Catatan akhir:

' F u a d Far id Ismail dan Abdul Hamid Mutawalli, C e p a t M e n g u t s m Ilmu

Filsafat, (Yogyakarta: I t d s o d , 2003). c e t him. 21

7QS. Al-Maidah [5]: 27-28

' Q S , H u d [11): 43-43

* Q S . Al-Baqatah [2): 132-133

* Abdurrahman Shalih Al-Asyii iawi, T r a g s n y a N a s i b O m u g a n r n g Sombong

C a t a t a n S t j a r a h S e p a n j a n g M a s a , Qakarta: M a ^ f i r a h Pustaka, 2008), c e t 1, h im. 90

«Ibid, him. 99

' Q S . Al-Baqarah [2]: 50, An-Nazi'at p 9 ] : 23-24

» Q S . Y u n u s [10]: 90-92

» Q S . A l -Qashash [28]: 81

Abdurrahman Shalih Al-Asymawi, op.cit, him. 150

" Muhammad Muhibuddin, K a t a - k a t a T e r a k h i r T o k o b - t o h o h D u n i a Saat

S e k a m t u t M a u t , (Yogyakarta: B u k u Biru , 2012), cet. 1, him. 25

" Musthafa Murad, Saat M a l a i k a t M a u t Metgemput Orang-onmg Shaleh,

Qakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2006), cet. 1, him. 81

u Muhammad Faiz Almath, 1100 Hadils TerpiBh S i u a r A / a r u u M u h a m m a d ,

Qakarta: G e m a Insani Press, 1995), c e t 9, him. 19

u Muhammad Muhibuddin, op.cit, him. 7

•» Q S . A n - N i s a [4]: 78

'* Mulyadhi Kartanegara, The B e s t Chicken Soup O f The Philosophers dari T h a k s

Hing/fi A n - N ^ , Qakarta: Hikmah, 2005), cet. 1 . him. 26

" Bey Arifin, Hidup Sesudah M a l i , Qakarta: Kinta , 1989), ce t 12, hhn. 116-

117

>• Abbas Rashed, T o u r K e m a t i a n The Story of D e a t h , Qakarta: A m z a h , 2008),

c e t 1, him. 72-73

>» Mulyadhi Kartanegara, ap.dt, him. 90-92

AIX2ALAM 2 5 8 Vol.29 No. 2 (Md-Agustus) 2012

» Abbas Rashed, op.dt, him. 74-75

2' Bey Arifin, op.dt, him. 119

** Abbas Rashed, op.dt, him. 78

P. Hardono Hadi , Berdasar Filstfat O r g a n i m e Whitehead, (Yogyakarta:

KaitisiHS, 1996), cel. 1, him. 165

Harun Nasurion, F a l s a f a h d a n M i s t i d s m e d a l a m Islam, Qakarta: Bulan

Bintang, 1990), cet. 7, him. 15

^ Ibid, him. 18, lihat juga, Sirajuddin Zar , Filsafat Islam, Qakarta: Rajawali

Press, 2004), cet. 1, him. 63

M . M. Syarif, P a r a Filosof MmsSm, (Bandung: Mizan, 1994). cet. 7, him. 25

77 Muhammad Yunus Musa, I m a n Yang D i t e r a n g A k a l A g n d a

M e n g h a r m o n i s a d k a n Filsafat d a n A g a n a , Qakarta: Penerbit Paramadina, 2000), cet. 1,

him. 59

2» Siraiuddin Zar , op.dt, him. 87

" Harun Nasution, op.dt, him. 33

» A h m a d daudy, Ksiliah Filsafat Islam, Qakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1986), cel. 1,

him. 43

" Muhammad Yunus Musa, op.dt, him. 75-76

" Ibn Miskawih, Menttju K e s e m p u m a a n A k h l a k , (Bandung: Mizan, I9')7),

c e t 3, him. 187

"lA/V/, him. 185

him. 188-189

Siraiuddin Zar , op.dt, him. 134

x Muhammad Y u s u f Musa, opdt, him. 79-80

" Ibn Sina, P d k o l o g Ibn Sina, (Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah, 2(K)9). cet 1,

him. 97-102

H a m n Nasurion, op.dt, him. 38

»» Sirajuddin Zar , op.dt, him. 171-173

Imam AI-Ghazal i , Teosofia A l - Q u r ' a n , (Surabaya: Risalah Gust i , 1996), cet.

1, him. 26-27

'̂ Imam Al-Ghazal i , Tahefnl A l - F a l a d f a h K e r a i u u a n Filstfat, (Yogyakarta:

Penerbit Islamika, 2003), cet. 1, him. 293-294

Muhammad Y u s u f Musa, op.dt, him. 212, lihat juga, I b n Rusyd, K a i t a n

Filsafat d a n Syariat, Qakarta: Pustaka Fitdaus, 1993), cet. 1, him. 18, 47-53

•" IVhi|id Fakhry, S t j a r a h Filsafat Islam Sehuah P e l a Kronologs, (Handling:

Mizan, 2002), cet. 2, him. 113

AhiTiad Daudy, op.dt, him. 18.3, lihat juga, Harun Nasution, op.dt. him. 54

*̂ Muhammad ^'usuf Musa, op.dt, him. 208

Mulla Shadra, Teosofi M u l l a Shadra, (Bandung; Pustaka Hidayah, 2004),

cet. l , h i m . 140

/W, him. 148-149

i*//!/!/. him. 153-154

Ibid, him. 146

W Bey Arifin, Hidup Sesudah M a l i , Qakarta: Kinta, 1989), c e t 12, him. 119-

120

" Abbas Rashed, op.dt, him. 191

5̂ P. Hardono Hadi , Berdasar Filstfat O r g t t d s m e Whitehead, (Yogyakarta:

Kanisius. 1996), cet. 1, him. 166

K E M A T I A N M K N U l l U T PARA F I I X I S O F 2 5 9 S Y A F I T N MANSUR

" Abbas Rashed, op.dt, him 195

Komaruddin Hidayat, P d k o l o g Ketnatian M e n g u b a h K e t a k u t a n Menjadi

Optimisme, (Jakarta: Hikmah, 2006), cet. 5, him. 80

" P. Hardono Hadi , op.dt, him 167

5 « / W , h l m . 176-177

57 Ibid, him. 174-175

5« Ibid, him. 176-177

5» Harun Nasution, Falserfah A g i m a , (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1991), cet. 8,

him. 71-72

«> Ibid, him. 92-93

" Sidi Gazalba, M a u t Batas K e b u d a y a a b dan A g a m a , (Jakarta: Tmtamas, 1984),

cet. 7, him. H «Ibid, him. 23-24

«5 Ibid, him. 136-141

" / W , h l m . 156-157

'5 Komaruddin Hadayat, P d k o l o g K e m a t i a n M e n g u b a h K e t a k u t a n Menjadi

Optimisme, (JJakarta: Hikmah, 2006), cet. 5, him. xvi

««Ibid, him. 78

«7 Ibid, him. 84

«»/W4, him. 115-118

«• Ibid, him. 143

70 Ibid, him. 159-163

71 Ibid, him. 165-167

72 Amsal Bakbtiar, Filsafat A g i m a , (Jakarta, Logos, 1999), cet. 2, him. 214

73 Ibid, him. 216

75 Ibid, him. 217-223

75 P. Hardonono Hadi , Berdasar Filsafat Organisme Whitehead, (Yogyakarta:

Kanisius, 1996), cet. 1, him. 164

71 Ibid, him. 178

77/*,</, him. 182-183

7« Anton Bakker, A n t r o p o l o g M e t a j i d k , (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000), cet. 1,

him. 291-292

7»/A»,ihlm. 302-304

•o l U d , him. 308

D A F T A R PUSTAKA

A l - A s y m a w i , A b d u r r a h m a n S b a l i b , Tragsnya Nasib Orang-ofang Sombong Catatan Stjarah Sepanjang Masa, ( J a k a r t a : M a g b r i f a b , 2 0 0 8 ) , c e t . 1

A l - G b a z a l i , I m a m , Teosojia Al-Qur'an ( S u r a b a y a : R i s a l a b G u s t i , 1 9 9 6 ) , c e t . 1

A L Q A L A M 2 6 0 Vol. 29 No. 2 (Mei-Agustus) 20^ 2

^ Kmnman Filsafat Tahafut Al-falasifah, ( Y o g y a k a r t a :

I s l a m i k a , 2 0 0 3 ) , c e t . 1

A r i f i n , B e y , Hidup Sesudah Mati, ( J a k a r t a : K i n t a , 1 9 8 9 ) , c e t . 1 2

B a k h t i a t , A m s a l , Filsafat Agama, ( J a k a r t a : L o g o s , 1 9 9 9 ) , c e t . 2 B a k k e r , A n t o n , Antropologi Metafisik, ( Y o g y a k a r t a : K a n i s i u s , 2 0 0 0 ) ,

c e t 1

D a u d y , A h m a d , Kuliah Filsafat Islam, ( J a k a r t a : B t i l a n B i n t a n g , 1 9 8 6 ) , c e t 1

F a k h r y , M a j i d , Sejarah Filstrfat Islam Sehuah Pela Kronologs, ( B a n d u n g : M i z a n , 2 0 0 2 ) , c e t 2

G a z a l b a , S i d i , Maut Batas Kebudayaan dan Agama, ( J a k a r t a : T i n t a m a s , 1 9 8 4 ) , c e t 7

H a d i , P . H a r d o n o , Berdasar Filsafat Organisme Whitehead, ( Y o g y a k a r t a : K a n i s i u s , 1 9 9 6 ) , c e t . 1

H i d a y a t , K o m a r u d d i n , Psikolog Kematian Mengubah Katakutan Menjadi Optimisme, ( J a k a r t a : H i k m a h , 2 0 0 6 ) , c e t . 5

I s m a d , F u a d F a r i d d a n A b d u l H a m i d M u t a w a l H , Cepat Menguasai Ilmu Filsafat, ( Y o g y a k a r t a : I r c i s o d , 2 0 0 3 ) , c e t . 1

K a r t a n e g a r a , M u y a d i , The Best Chicken Soup of Phiiophers dari Thales binggi An-Nafis, Q a k a r t a : H i k m a h , 2 0 0 5 ) , c e t . 1

M i s k a w a i h , I b n , Penu/u Kesempumaan Akhlak, ( B a n d u n g : M i z a n , 1 9 9 7 ) . c e t 3

M u r a d , M u s t b a f a , Saat Malaikat Menjemput Orang-orang Shaleh, Q a k a r t a : P u s t a k a A I - K a u t s a r , 2 0 0 6 ) , c e t 1

M u s a , M u h a m m a d Y u s u f , Iman Yang Diterang Akal Agenda Mengharmoniskan Filsafat dan Agama, Q a k a r t a : P a r a m a d i n a n , 2 0 0 0 ) , c e t 1

N a s u t i o u , H a r u n . Falsafah Agama, ( J a k a r t a : B u l a n B i n t a n g , 1 9 9 1 ) , c e t . 8

, Falsafah dan Mistisisme dalam Islam, Q a k a r t a : B u l a n B i n t a n g , 1 9 9 0 ) , c e t 7

K E M A T IAN M l i N U R U T PARA IMIX)S()I' 2 6 1 S Y A I T T N MAN.SUR

R a s h e d , A b b a s , Tour Kematian The Story of Death, Q a k a r t a : A m z a b , 2 0 0 8 ) , c e t 1

R u s y d , I b n , Kaitan Filsafat Dengan Syariat, Q a k a r t a : P u s t a k a F i r d a u s , 1 9 9 3 ) , c e t 1

S a d r a , M u l l a , Teosofi Mulla Sadra, ( B a n d u r i g : P u s t a k a H i d a y a h , 2 0 0 5 ) . c e t 1

S i n a , I b n , Psikolog Ibnu Sina, ( B a n d u n g : P u s t a k a H i d a y a h , 2 0 0 9 ) , c e t 1

S y a r i f , M . M . , Para Filosof Muslim, ( B a n d u n g : M i z a n , 1 9 9 4 ) , c e t 7

Zar, S i r a j u d d i n , Filsafat Islam, Q a k a r t a : R a j a w a l i P r e s s , 2 0 0 4 ) , c e t 1

AIXJALAM 2 6 2 Vol.29 No. 2 (Md-Agustus) 2012