tinjauan ekonomis penyaradan kayu

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Zrazaxni Zedeicpcnd PcdlnundEoadakcx Oemcnpnd Zedsnrn`nd Onsu 2:>>

ZP$ XNRC BUKC OUXUKN ‘ HDD ONIPEDM Znme >

N$ Inpnr Beinondm>

Oemcnpnd zedmuxnfnnd fupnd sndm `cinouond pndzn kekzerfnpcond nxzeo

icdmoudmnd `nd nxzeo eoadakc nond kerumcond zeruxnfnnd xehnrn indmxudm$ Periebcf

lcon oemcnpnd cdc berindmxudm perux kederux pndzn n`n oemcnpnd ewniunxc perfn`nz fnxci

oemcnpnd$ Xninf xnpu oemcnpnd zedmuxnfnnd fupnd n`ninf oemcnpnd zekndednd onsu

sndm dapn bede kekbupufond bcnsn sndm bexnr xerpn `nkzno perfn`nz icdmoudmnd

xehnrn dsnpn$

@e}nxn cdc peinf `coekbndmond cdxpruked npnu peodco zekndednd onsu sndm

rnknf icdmoudmnd sndm `coedni xebnmnc RCI &Reùhe` Ckznhp Iammcdm# npnu RCPF

&Reùhe` Ckznhp Pckber Fnrwexpcdm# xebnmnc uznsn perfn`nz zedmurndmnd `nkzno demnpcg zekndednd onsu `nd kekzerpnfndond `nkzno zaxcpcg xerpn kedcdmonpond

zraùopcgcpnx oemcnpnd zekndednd onsu$ Gaoux `nrc zedernznd peodco RCI n`ninf udpuo

kedmurndmc oeruxnond pndnf) berbnmnc `nkzno perfn`nz fcùznd icnr) DPGZx `nd

oeruxnond perfn`nz zafad+zafad perpcdmmni$ @c xnkzcdm cpu zedernznd peodco RCI

`cfnrnzond knkzu kedcdmonpond egcxcedxc npnu kedeond bcnsn azernxcadni oemcnpnd

zekndednd onsu$ @edmnd èkcocnd zedernznd peodco RCI `cfnrnzond knkzu

kekzerbncoc xsxpek zekndednd onsu sndm zn`n ukukdsn beiuk `credhndnond xehnrn

perznù$

Oemcnpnd zekndednd onsu nond kedhnznc pulund sndm `cfnrnzond lcon `cn}nic

èdmnd zeredhndnnd zekndednd onsu sndm bnco) zedse`cnnd xnrndn lnind ndmoupnd

`nd lnind xnrn` zn`n xepcnz zepno sndm `nznp kedlndmonu onsu pebndmnd xehnrn

azpckni$ Oeberfnxcind oemcnpnd zedsnrn`nd xndmnp `czedmnrufc aief oad`cxc lnind

ndmoupnd sndm `cpedpuond aief oernznpnd lnind ndmoupnd &]@#) xznxc lnind ndmoupnd &X#

`nd lnrno xnrn` rnpn+rnpn &R#$ Oadxeouedxc iamcx `nrc pcmn &8# znrnkeper `cnpnx n`ninf

nznbcin oernznpnd lnind ndmoupnd red`nf knon xeznxc npnu lnrno ndpnr lnind lumn

berbnd`cdm iurux `nd beroareinxc perfn`nz lnrno xnrn` sndm lnuf zuin$

@edmnd oernznpnd lnind sndm red`nf knon bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind lumn red`nf

pepnzc bcnsn zedsnrn`nd xeknocd pcdmmc onredn lnrno xnrn` sndm xeknocd lnuf) bemcpu

lumn lcon oernznpnd lnind pcdmmc knon bcnsn zedsnrn`nd kedln`c red`nf pepnzc bcnsn

zekbunpnd lnind lumn kedcdmonp!pcdmmc$ Aief onredn cpu xebnmnc uznsn nmnr oeùndsn

perhnznc xehnrn azpckni knon ndpnrn oernznpnd lnind `nd lnrno xnrn` `c inzndmnd fnrux

`credhndnond xehnrn zrazarxcadni xefcdmmn perhnznc zraùopcgcpnx lnind ndmoupnd `nd

> Rnmci O$ Dcpc Zupra &EICN @ezp#




ZP$ XNRC BUKC OUXUKN ‘ HDD ONIPEDM Znme 2

lnind xnrn` sndm `nznp kekberc dcinc pnkbnf &n`è` wniue# `nd kedeond bcnsn

azernxcadni oemcnpnd &egcxcedxc bcnsn#$

@edmnd èkcocnd pulund nofcr `nrc zedernznd RCI udpuo kedhnznc egcxcedxc `nink

oemcnpnd zekndednd fnxci fupnd &onsu# udpuo kedùoudm zedmeiainnd fupnd sndm

beroeindlupnd `nznp per}ulu`$ Xuzrcsnpda &>335# kedmekuonond bnf}n `nink

zekndednd onsu nond kedmnrnf zn`n pcmn fni) sncpu egcxcedxc `nink fni `nkzno

icdmoudmnd èdmnd kedeond xekcdckni kudmocd `nkzno demnpcg sndm perln`c &ia}

`nknme!demnpcg ckznhp #) egcxcedxc `nink bcnsn zekndednd kedulu bcnsn zekndednd

sndm red`nf &ia} haxp #) `nd egcxcedxc `nink zekndgnnpnd onsu èdmnd kcdckniond

ickbnf npnu oefcindmnd onsu &ia} iaxp #$

B$ Pulund

Bebernzn pulund `nrc zedeicpcnd pcdlnund eoadakcx oemcnpnd zedsnrn`nd n`ninf<

>$ Kedmepnfuc oernznpnd lnind `c inzndmnd &R@# `nd oernznpnd lnind azpckni

&AR@# sndm xefnruxdsn `cbunp$

2$ Kekbnd`cdmond ndpnrn oernznpnd lnind `c inzndmnd &R@# èdmnd oernznpnd

lnind azpckni &AR@# udpuo kedmepnfu zeriu pc`nodsn zekbunpnd lnind hnbndm$

8$ Kedmepnfuc egcxcedxc oemcnpnd zedsnrn`nd sndm `cinoxndnond xerpn

zerbnd`cdmnd bcnsn papni zekndednd onsu ndpnrn zedsnrn`nd pndzn lnind

hnbndm lnind pnkbnfnd èdmnd zedsnrn`nd keknonc lnind hnbndm$

H$ Kepaè Zedeicpcnd

>$ Iaonxc Zedeicpcnd

Zedeicpcnd cdc `cinoxndnond zn`n zepno oerln >8 ^^ ROP 2:>> sndm keruznond

ziap zedmnknpnd &ZUZ# sndm `cbunp udpuo kedmepnfuc berbnmnc `nkzno `nrc

nopcwcpnx zekndednd onsu$

2$ Bnfnd ' Ninp

># Bnfnd

Bnfnd sndm `cmudnond `nink zedeicpcnd cdc per`crc npnx <

n$ Zepn zekndednd onsu zepno >8 ^^

b$ Ninp puicx &buou hnpnpnd) zedxci ' xzcài

2# Ninp

Ninp sndm `cmudnond `nink zedeicpcnd cdc per`crc npnx <

n$ Rai keper &8: keper#

b$ Hicdakeper &xuudpa#





h$ Xpaz}nphf!zedmuour }nopu

`$ Zindckeper

e$ Zedmmnrcx xnou

g$ Onkern `cmcpni

@$ Zedmukzuind @npn

Zedmukzuind `npn `cinouond xehnrn indmmxudm &`npn zrcker# `nd `npn xeoudèr$

>$ Zedmukzuind @npn Zrcker

@npn zrcker `cinouond zedmnkbcind `c inzndmnd xehnrn indmxudm zn`n xnnp

zedeicpcnd per`crc npnx <

># ]nopu zedsnrn`nd zz &uino+nico `nink > prcz#

]nopu zedsnrn`nd `cuour xelno prnopar xcnz `c PZd fcdmmn oekbnic inmc oe

PZd èdmnd kekbn}n onsu$ Zedmuournd }nopu zedsnrn`nd `cinouond

èdmnd bebernzn uindmnd udpuo kedmepnfuc }nopu rnpn+rnpn zedsnrn`nd

xerpn lnrno sndm `cpekzuf `nink > prcz zedsnrn`nd$

2# Zndlndm lnind xnrn`

Xeincd berzeàknd zn`n zepn zekndednd onsu) zndlndm lnind xnrn` lumn

`cinouond zedmuournd `c inzndmnd udpuo kedmepnfuc zndlndm lnind xnrn`

nopuni$

8# Waiuke onsu zer fn &k8#

Waiuke onsu sndm `cznded `nink xnpund iunx zepno &fn# keruzond rnxca

onsu sndm `cnkbci `nink xnpu zepno perfn`nz iunx zepno &fn#$

0# Waiuke onsu zer prcz zedsnrn`nd &k8#

Waiuke onsu zer prcz xnrn` n`ninf waiuke onsu sndm `cxnrn` `nink xeonic

prcz zedsnrn`nd$ @npn cdc `cnkbci xeonicmux zn`n xnnp zedmuournd }nopu

zedsnrn`nd xefcdmmn `czeraief waiuke zer prcz zedsnrn`nd `nd waiuke

rnpn+rnpn zer prcz zedsnrn`nd$5# Bcnsn azernxcadni zedsnrn`nd

Zedmuournd bcnsn azernxcadni zedsnrn`nd `cinouond zer xnpund }nopu &lnk

egeopcg oerln# èdmnd zedèonpnd zn`n? BBK sndm sndm `cfnbcxond) uznf

pednmn oerln) xerwcx zn`n xnnp oemcnpnd$

2$ Zedmukzuind @npn Xeoudèr

@npn xeoudèr `czeraief `nrc `npn npnu inzarnd sndm peroncp èdmnd oemcnpnd

zedeicpcnd cdc) `cndpnrndsn <





># @npn udcp!prnopar xnrn` sndm beoerln zn`n zepno zedeicpcnd$

2# @npn zedsuxupnd udcp$

8# @npn znlno) budmn `nd nxurndxc ninp!udcp$

0# Bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind hnbndm!ok$

5# Bcnsn zedmndmoupnd!fnuicdm zer feopa keper$

E$ Ndnicxcx @npn

Zedmainfnd `npn fnxci oemcnpnd `c inzndmnd `cinouond èdmnd zerxnknnd xebnmnc

bercoup <

>$ Zerfcpudmnd bcnsn pepnz &gcve` haxp#

># Bcnsn zedsuxupnd &èzrexcnxc#

Zerfcpudmnd sndm `cmudnond n`ninf èdmnd kepaè xprncmfp icde èdmnd

zerxnknnd <

Ninp EoadakcxUkur

Ninp DcincBuoupnfud zer @ezrexcnxc ;

2# Bcnsn Budmn) Znlno `nd Nxurndxc

Bcnsn+bcnsn cdc `cfcpudm èdmnd zerxnknnd `nrc ZP$ Udcpe` Prnhoparx) <

#)&2

#>&#>&> Znlno `nd Nxurndxc Budmn v Ninp Buou Dcinc v

d

r d BNZ

−−−;

`ckndn ?

d < Ukur eoadakcx ninp &5 pnfud#

r < Dcinc xcxn ninp!radmxaoond ; :

Pcdmonp xuou budmn 2:% zer pnfud

Nxurndxc `nd znlno >% zer pnfud

8# Bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind

Bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind `cfcpudm èdmnd zedèonpnd Hakzaud`cdm Gnhpar) sncpu èdmnd hnrn oadwerxc bcnsn xnnp cdc oe knxn sndm nond `npndm$

dr WaWp #>& /;

Wp < Dcinc knxn `npcdm

Wa < Dcinc knxn xeonrndm

R < xuou budmmn `nink zraxed) `nink zerfcpudmnd cdc `cznonc xuou budmn

2:%$

d < Lukinf pnfud &pnfud xeonrndm fcdmmn knxn `npndm#$





0# Oernznpnd lnind &Ran` @edxcps#

Zerfcpudmnd oernznpnd lnind ndmoupnd `c fcpudm èdmnd zerxnknnd bercoup <

Oernznpnd lnind

;]@ G

I

;]@ Oernznpnd lnind &K!Fn#

; I Zndlndm lnid dmoupnd &K#

;G Iunx nreni Fupnd Zraùopcg &Fn#

5# Oernznpnd Lnind Azpckni &Azpckuk Ran` @edxcps#

5:

R

~W P H AR@ ;

@ckndn <

AR@ < Azpckuk Ran` @edxcps!oernznpnd lnind azpckni &k!fn#$

H < Bcnsn zedsnrn`nd &UX!kedcp#$

P < Gnopar oareoxc lnind xnrn`$

W < Gnopar oareoxc lnind ndmoupnd$

~ < Fnxci zedebndmnd &k8 !fn#$

R < Bcnsn zekbunpnd `nd zekeicfnrnnd lnind ndmoupnd zer ok &UX#$

7# Bcnsn Zedsnrn`nd &Xoc``cdm Haxp? XH#

Bcnsn papni zedsnrn`nd &bcnsn pepnz `nd bcnsn azernxcadni# `cfcpudm èdmnd

zedèonpnd zerxnknnd `cbn}nf <

# ! $&>:::

kedcp UX I

vp vhH ;

`ckndn ?

h < Bcnsn azernxcadni prnopar &UX!kedcp#

p < ]nopu zerlnindnd prnopar zer > keper zz &zuindm+zermc# &kedcp#

I < Kunpnd rnpn+rnpn prnopar zer prcz &k8#





=# Xeznxc Lnind Azpckni &Azpckuk Ran` Xznhcdm? ARX#

Xeznxc lnind npnu lnrno ndpnr lnind ndmoupnd azpckni `cfcpudm èdmnd

zerxnknnd <

#&>::::

kAR@

ARX ;

6# Lnrno Xnrn` Rnpn+Rnpn &Nwernme Xoc``cdm @cxpndhe?NX@#

Lnrno xnrn` rnpn+rnpn `cfcpudm èdmnd zerxnknnd <

#&25:: kAR@

W P NX@ ;

3# Bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind &Ran` Hadpruhpcad ?RH#

Bcnsn zekbunpnd lnind `cèonpc èdmnd zerxnknnd bercoup <

UX$!k8#&>::: ~ v

AR@ v R RH ;

>:# Rnpn+Rnpn Bcnsn Zedsnrn`nd &Nwernme Prnweiicdm Haxp? NPH#

Bcnsn rnpn+rnpn zedsnrn`nd `cfcpudm èdmnd zerxnknnd<

UX$!k8#& I

p vh v NX@ NPH ;

G$ Aupzup

Aupzup `nrc zedeicpcnd cdc n`ninf `c`nznponddsn `npn `nd cdgarknxc oundpcpnpcg

pedpndm oernznpnd lnind `nd oernznpnd lnind azpckni oncpnddsn èdmnd egcxcedxc

bcnsn zedsnrn`nd `nd bcnsn zekndednd onsu sndm `nznp `ckndgnnpond xebnmnc

knxuond!zerpckbndmnd bnmc udcp kndnleked udpuo kedmnkbci oebclnond peroncp

èdmnd zekndednd onsu sndm nond `cinouond$

M$ Auphake

@nkzno zaxcpcg sndm nond `czeraief èdmnd zedeicpcnd cdc n`ninf zedcdmonpnd

zraùopcwcpnx zekndednd onsu keiniuc zeredhndnnd lnind ndmoupnd `nd lnind

xnrn` sndm azpckni xefcdmmn `nznp kedurudond npnu kedeond bcnsn zekndednd

onsu ofuxuxdsn bcnsn zedsnrn`nd onsu$




ZP$ XNRC BUKC OUXUKN ‘ HDD ONIPEDM Znme =

F$ Ln`}ni Oemcnpnd Zedeicpcnd

]nopuOemcnpnd Iaonxc Zexerpn

Buind Kcdmmu

Lnd + Geb > + 0Zerxcnznd) zededpund iaonxc zepno)zekbunpnd ziap zedmnknpnd$

>8 ^^IcpbndmIcdmoudmnd

Knrep > + 0Zeredhndnnd prnxe lnind xnrn` `ndzededpund D Evziacpnbie zn`n zepno zekndednd onsu$

>8 ^^ BnmcndZeredhndnnd

Kec > + 0Zedmnknpnd `nd zedmuournd oemcnpndzekndednd onsu &xoc``cdm# zn`n zepno zekndednd onsu$


Ludc + Luic > + 2 Zedmukzuind `npn xoud`er>8 ^^ Bnmcnd

Zeredhndnnd

Luic+Nmuxp$8 + 0> + 0

Zedmainfnd `npn inzndmnd `ndzekbunpnd inzarnd


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