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Staranise(BungaLawang)CureforH1N1?FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thisarticleisaboutananiselikespice.Fortheevergreenshrubcalled"staranise"intheEastern

UnitedStates,seeIlliciumfloridanum.

Staranise

Staranisefruits(Illiciumverum)Scientificclassification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Austrobaileyales

Family: Illiciaceae

Genus: Illicium

Species: I.verumBinomialnameIlliciumverum

Hook.f.

Staranise,staraniseed,badianeorChinesestaranise,(Chinese: ,pinyin:bjio,lit."eighthorn";Malayalam: )isaspicethatcloselyresemblesaniseinflavor,obtainedfromthestarshapedpericarpofIlliciumverum,asmallnativeevergreentreeofsouthwestChina.

Thestarshapedfruitsareharvestedjustbeforeripening.ItiswidelyusedinChinesecuisine,in

Indiancuisinewhereitisamajorcomponentofgarammasala,andinMalayIndonesian

cuisine.ItiswidelygrownforcommercialuseinChina,India,andmostothercountriesinAsia.

StaraniseisaningredientofthetraditionalfivespicepowderofChinesecooking.Itisalsoa

majoringredientinthemakingofph,aVietnamesenoodlesoup.Itisusedasaspicein

preparationofBiryaniinAndhraPradesh,astateofsouthernIndia.InMarathi,itiscalled

BarDan( )whichliterallymeans"spicewithtwelve( )seeds( )".

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UsagesCulinaryusesStaranisecontainsanethole,thesameingredientwhichgivestheunrelatedaniseitsflavor.

Recently,staranisehascomeintouseintheWestasalessexpensivesubstituteforanisein

baking

as

well

as

in

liquor

production,

most

distinctively

in

the

production

of

the

liquor

Galliano.ItisalsousedintheproductionofSambuca,pastis,andmanytypesofabsinthe.

MedicinalusesStaranisehasbeenusedinateaasaremedyforrheumatism,andtheseedsaresometimes

chewedaftermealstoaiddigestion.Asawarmandmovingherb,BaJiaoisusedtoassistin

relievingcoldstagnationinthemiddlejiao,accordingtoTCM.

Shikimicacid,aprimaryfeedstockusedtocreatetheantifludrugTamiflu,isproduced

bymostautotrophicorganisms,butstaraniseistheindustrialsource.In2005,there

wasatemporaryshortageofstaraniseduetoitsuseinmakingTamiflu.Lateinthat

year,awaywasfoundofmakingshikimicacidartificially.Rochenowderivessomeof

therawmaterialitneedsfromfermentingE.colibacteria.The2009swineflu(H1N1)

outbreakledtoanotherseriesofshortagesasstocksofTamifluwerebuiltuparound

theworld,sendingpricessoaring.[1]

StaraniseisgrowninfourprovincesinChinaandharvestedbetweenMarchandMay.Itsalso

foundinthesouthofNewSouthWales.Theshikimicacidisextractedfromtheseedsinaten

stagemanufacturingprocesswhichtakesayear.Reportssay90%oftheharvestisalreadyused

bytheSwisspharmaceuticalmanufacturerRocheinmakingTamiflu,butotherreportssay

thereisanabundanceofthespiceinthemainregions Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxiand

Yunnan.

Japanesestaranise(Illiciumanisatum),asimilartree,isnotediblebecauseitishighlytoxic(duetocontainingsikimitoxin);instead,ithasbeenburnedasincenseinJapan.Casesofillness,

including"seriousneurologicaleffects,suchasseizures",reportedafterusingstaranisetea

maybearesultofusingthisspecies.Japanesestaranisecontainsanisatin,whichcausessevere

inflammationofthekidneys,urinarytractanddigestiveorgans.

UsingStarAniseasaremedyforcolicisdangerousasreferencedhere.

Standardizationofitsproductsandservices ISO676:1995 containstheinformationaboutthenomenclatureofthevarietyand

cultivars[2]

Identification

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Refertothe4theditionoftheEuropeanPharmacopoeia[1153].DifferentiationwithotherspeciesJoshietal.havetriedthetechniquesoffluorescentmicroscopyandgaschromatography

[3]to

distinguishedthespecies,whileLedereretal.employedthestateoftheartwhichcombinesthe

technologyofTLCwithHPLCMS/MS.[4]

Specifications ISO11178:1995 aspecificationforitsdriedfruits[5] GB/T7652:2006 aChinesestandardoftheproduct[6]

Notes&References1. ^LouisaLim,"SwineFluBumpsUpPriceOfChineseSpice",NPR,18May20092. ^InternationalOrganizationforStandardization."ISO676:1995Spicesandcondiments

Botanicalnomenclature".

http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4844.

Retrieved8June2009.

3. ^Joshi,VaishaliC.etal.(2005)."RapidandEasyIdentificationofIlliciumverumHook.f.andItsAdulterantIlliciumanisatumLinn.byFluorescentMicroscopyandGasChromatography".Journal

ofAOACInternational(AOACInternational)88(3):703706.doi:10.1542/peds.20040058.PMID

15492355.http://www.atyponlink.com/AOAC/doi/abs/10.5555/jaoi.2005.88.3.703.Retrieved

10November.

4. ^Lederer,Inesetal.(2006)."CombinationofTLCandHPLCMS/MSMethods.ApproachtoaRationalQualityControlofChineseStarAnise".JournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry

(AmericanChemicalSociety)54(6):19701974.doi:10.1021/jf058156b.

5.^

International

Organization

for

Standardization.

"ISO

11178:1995

Star

anise

(Illicium

verum

Hook.f.) Specification".http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19183.

Retrieved8June2009.

6. ^ ."GB/T76522006 ".http://www.chinaios.com/BZshuju/standshow.asp?table=gbtwo&id=18357.Retrieved8June2009.

Bibliography ITIS505892 FDAIssuesAdvisoryonStarAnise"Teas"

Dysosma

versipellis

Fatsia Illicium Japanesestaranise Pimpinellaanisum